CULTURE
April 2020
Our Culture Our Identity
Ngutembereze u Rwanda
Imibereho, Ubuhanzi n’ubukorikori
Menya amateka Y’ingabo n’imitwe y’ingabo mu rwanda
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In Brief
CULTURE
Contents
Urutare rwa gatumwa rwishe umwami Yuhi Mazimpaka
Indilira zitsinda Mutaga III Sebitungwa
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Abatware bose b’Indilira-rugamba 34 Inkomoko z’amazina y’abantu, ibintu n’ahantu Igiti gisa n’inyama y’umuntu, Igisigaratongo ku misezero y’Abagabekazi
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CULTURE
Forward
Gihana Nyamihana ni Igikomangoma mu buryo butaziguye, bivuze ko ari umwana w’Umwami. Ni umwe mu bana b’Umwami Cyilima Rujugira, ba bana mu mateka bita Abatangana ba Cyilima, ndetse bakanongeraho ngo ni ijana rifunze, byumvikanisha ko Cyilima Rujugira yari afite abana benshi kandi ibyo ni ukuri. Sinashoboye kumenya niba Gihana Nyamihana ari umwana wa kangahe muri bene Cyilima Rujugira, cyakora ntabwo ari uburiza, si ubuheta, yewe si n’ubuheture. Amateka avuga ko Abiru b’ubucurabwenge bw’Abami n’Abagabekazi bari baragennye ko Gihana Nyamihana ari we mwana wari waravukanye imbuto, ni ukuvuga ko ari we wagombaga kuzungura Ingoma ya se Cyilima Rujugira, ariko nyine si ko byagenze kuko Gihana Nyamihana ibyo kuba Umwami yabyiyambuye ahubwo agahitamo kuba Umutabazi w’u Rwanda, agatanga ubuzima bwe kugira ngo amaraso ye abe imitsindo y’u Rwanda ngo ruzatsinde u Burundi bwari bumereye nabi u Rwanda buhihibikanira kurutera ngo burwigarurire. Ibyo yakoze byo gutanga ubuzima bwe rero ni byo bituma Igikomangoma Gihana Nyamihana mushyira mu rwego rw’intwari z’ikirenga z’u Rwanda, akaba yarasize umurage ukomeye cyane wo gukunda igihugu, kugikorera no kucyitangira, umurage ukwiye kwigwa no kumenyekana.
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Tumenye Intwari z’u Rwanda
Umutabazi Gihana Nyamihana, Intwari Nubaha
GIHANA NYAMIHANA NI MUNTU KI?
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ihana Nyamihana ni Igikomangoma mu buryo butaziguye, bivuze ko ari umwana w’Umwami. Ni umwe mu bana b’Umwami Cyilima Rujugira, ba bana mu mateka bita Abatangana ba Cyilima, ndetse bakanongeraho ngo ni ijana rifunze, byumvikanisha ko Cyilima Rujugira yari afite abana benshi kandi ibyo ni ukuri. Sinashoboye kumenya niba Gihana Nyamihana ari umwana wa kangahe muri bene Cyilima Rujugira, cyakora ntabwo ari uburiza, si ubuheta, yewe si n’ubuheture. Amateka avuga ko Abiru b’ubucurabwenge bw’Abami n’Abagabekazi bari baragennye ko Gihana Nyamihana ari we mwana wari waravukanye imbuto, ni ukuvuga ko ari we wagombaga kuzungura Ingoma ya se Cyilima Rujugira, ariko nyine si ko byagenze kuko Gihana Nyamihana ibyo kuba Umwami yabyiyambuye ahubwo agahitamo kuba Umutabazi w’u Rwanda, agatanga ubuzima bwe kugira ngo amaraso ye abe imitsindo y’u Rwanda ngo ruzatsinde u Burundi bwari bumereye nabi u Rwanda buhihibikanira kurutera ngo burwigarurire. Ibyo yakoze byo gutanga ubuz-
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ima bwe rero ni byo bituma Igikomangoma Gihana Nyamihana mushyira mu rwego rw’intwari z’ikirenga z’u Rwanda, akaba yarasize umurage ukomeye cyane wo gukunda igihugu, kugikorera no kucyitangira, umurage ukwiye kwigwa no kumenyekana. Ni Intwari nubaha. Gihana Nyamihana rero na we yari umwe mu Batware b’imitwe y’ingabo yo ku ngoma ya se Cyilima Rujugira, akaba yari Umutware w’umutwe w’ingabo witwaga Abalima. Muri make rero Abalima ba Gihana Nyamihana bafite mateka ki?
GIHANA Nyamihana mu Balima
Umutwe w’ingabo w’Abalima ni umutwe ufite amateka akomeye cyane mu mateka y’imitwe y’ingabo muri rusange, no mu mateka y’imitwe y’ingabo yaremwe by’umwihariko n’Umwami Cyilima Rujugira ku ngoma ye nyine muri za 1700. Izina ry’uwo mutwe ubwaryo rikubiyemo imvugo
yo gukanga umwanzi no kumuhabura bikomeye cyane. Abalima=Abantu barima, bakarimarima. Kurima ni ugukubita isuka mu butaka ukagenda wubika ubutaka bunini bwo hejuru bukajya hasi ndetse kandi wubura n’ubutaka bunini bwo hasi bukajya hejuru, bityo bityo. Mu mvugo ijyanye n’ibyerekeye iby’ingabo, Abalima bishatse gusobanura abantu barimarima umwanzi, bakamushwanyaguza bakamutabika, mbese ku buryo atazongera kuzura umutwe ukundi. (Abalima=The Annihilators of Ennemies/Les Anéantisseurs d’Ennemis). Cyilima Rujugira yaremye uyu mutwe w’ingabo w’Abalima mu cyerekezo no mu ntumbero yo hugangana n’ibihugu bitanu byari byagambiriye gutera u Rwanda icyarimwe: i Ndorwa, u Mubali, i Gisaka, u Bugesera n’u Burundi, ariko muri ibyo bihugu ibyari bifite inkubiri kurusha ibindi bikaba byari u Burundi n’i Ndorwa, ariko cyane cyane u Burundi, ari na yo mpamvu tubona ko Cyilima Rujugira imitwe ye y’ingabo myinshi yayishyize ku nkiko y’u Burundi, harimo n’umutwe w’ingabo w’Abalima ba Gihana Nyamihana.
CULTURE
Cyilima Rujugira akimara kurema umutwe w’ingabo w’Abalima n’umutwe w’inyambo bibangikanye witwaga Nyamumbe, yawugabiye umuhungu we Gihana Nyamihan, maze awuremera urugerero ahantu hitwa i Mututu ho mu Mayaga ya Ntyazo, maze kuva ubwo aho hantu hatangira kwitwa i Mututu w’Abalima kubera izo ngabo z’Abalima zahabaye, ndetse kugeza na magingo aya aho hantu haracyitwa i Mututu w’Abalima. Kera hahoze ari muri Komini ya Ntyazo, ubu ni mu Mudugudu wa Gatongati, Akagari ka Mututu, Umurenge
wa Kibirizi Akarere ka Nyanza. Nk’uko ubibona kuri iyo foto, urabona ko ibiro by’Akagari ka Mututu n’ubundi bikigaragaza umurage w’amateka ya Mututu, bikaba n’ubundi biri mu mpinga y’umusozi wa Mututu. Urugerero rw’i Mututu w’Abalima ba Gihana Nyamihana rwari urugerero rukomeye cyane kuko rwari ku nkiko y’ibihugu bibiri; u Bugesera mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Mututu ndetse n’u Burundi mu y’uburengerazuba bwa Mututu. Rwari urugerero rw’ikirenga binatuma n’umutware warwo Gihana Nyamihana yari Umutware wizeweho ubutware buhebuje.
Iyo uri mu mpinga ya Mututu uba ureba umugezi w’Akanyaru munsi yawe ari wo mupaka w’u Rwanda n’u Burundi muri ako gace nyine, kandi imbere yawe hakurya y’Akanyaru mu ruhande rumwe uba ureba inkiko y’u Bugesera, naho imbere yawe hakurya y’Akanyaru ku rundi ruhande rw’ikibaya cy’Akanyaru ukaba ureba imisozi yose yo ku nkiko y’u Burundi muri ako gace. Ni ahantu rero uba witegeye neza cyane u Burundi n’u Bugesera icyarimwe. Nk’uko rero Umwami Cyilima Rujugira ise wa Gihana Nyamihana yari yarabyiteguye ko ibihugu byinshi birimo n’u Burundi bizamuterera icyarimwe maze akarema imitwe y’ingabo myinshi yo kuzahangana n’ibyo bitero kandi imyinshi muri yo mitwe y’ingabo irimo n’uyu mutwe w’Abalima turiho tuvuga akayishyira ku nkiko nyine y’u Burundi, ni ko byaje kugenda koko ibihugu bitanu byose byagambanye gutera u Rwanda icyarimwe.
Foto FAIDA J.D, 2019
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Tumenye Intwari z’u Rwanda Ibyo bihugu byose byarangiye byose bitsinzwe kuko Cyilima Rujugira yari yarabyiteguye mu buryo bwose bushoboka, ari bwo Cyilima Rujugira yagiraga ati: “muzitonde mubaze kandi muperereze u Rwanda ruratera ntiruterwa”. U Rwanda rero rwaranzwe n’amateka yo gutsinda amahanga kubera ko rwagiraga Intwari, rukagira ingabo zikomeye, maze muri izo Ntwari hakabamo abantu bemeraga gutanga ubuzima bwabo, bakicwa n’umwanzi ku bushake bwabo kugira ngo amaraso yabo azabere u Rwanda umutsindo wo gutsinda amahanga kandi ni ko byagendaga koko. Gihana Nyamihana wa Cyilima Rujugira rero ni umwe muri izo Ntwari za kera z’u Rwanda zatumye u Rwanda runesha amahanga rukaba igihugu cy’ubukombe butisukirwa. Mu gihe Gihana Nyamihana yari akiri Umutware w’ingabo z’Abalima, ni bwo amakuru y’ukuri kandi yizewe yamenyekanye ko Umwami Mutaga III Sebitungwa w’u Burundi yateguye gutera u Rwanda yinjiriye mu Nyaruguru kuko yari yaraje hafi maze ashinga umurwa we mu Buyenzi mu mpinga y’umusozi wa Rutabo rwa Nkanda. Hambere hahoze ari mu Ntara y’u Buyenzi hagatwarwa n’Umutware Ludoviko Rwitsibagura, nyuma mu gihe cy’amakomini haza kuba muri Komini ya Nshili, ariko ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyaruguru, Umurenge wa Busanze nk’uko
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icyo cyapa kibikwereka ku ifoto (Foto FAIDA J.D, 2019). Nk’uko byagendaga rero iyo u Rwanda rwabaga rugiye kugaba igitero mu mahanga cyangwa se n’iyo rwabaga rwitegura guhangana n’igitero cy’amahanga, baragurizaga umutabazi ugomba kwitangira u Rwanda maze agatanga ubuzima bwe akabugurana u Rwanda kugira ngo rubone umutsindo. Muri ibyo bihe bikomeye rero Igikomangoma Gihana Nyamihana Umutware w’Abalima ntiyarindiriye ibyo kubanza kumwereza inzuzi, ahubwo umutima wo gukunda igihugu no kucyitangira no kwanga ko u Rwanda rusugurwa n’amahanga watumye yemera kwitanga butabazi adategereje ibyo gutera inzuzi, maze afata inzira arambuka ajya mu Burundi kugira ngo bazamwice maze amaraso ye namara kumeneka ku bu bw’u Burundi bizabe ikimenyetso cy’imitsindo cy’uko Mutaga III Sebitungwa atazatsinda u Rwanda.
Aragenda Gihana Nyamihana, asiga abana be, asiga ingabo ze z’Abalima, asiga umugore we Nyiratunga n’abandi bagore be bandi, yambuka umupaka ajya kurwana n’Abarundi agira ngo bamwice maze yuzuze umugambi w’ubutwari wo kwitangira u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda. Amateka akavuga ko Gihana Nyamihana akigera ku butaka bw’u Burundi ingabo zose z’u Burundi zamuhungaga zidashaka kumwica kuko zari zimuzi ko ari Igikomangoma kivuye mu Rwanda kandi ko aje kuba Umutabazi. Amateka y’ubutwari bw’Abanyarwanda bunyuze mu butabazi Abarundi bari bayazi neza. Uko rero ingabo z’Abarundi zakomezaga kugenda zihunga Gihana Nyamihana, ni ko na we yakomezaga kuzisatura kandi ari nako akomeza kugenda yicamo benshi. Nuko babonye ko abazengereje agiye kubamara biyemeza kumwica. Gihana Nyamihana rero ahangana n’Umurundi witwaga
CULTURE Rurinda rwa Gakamba akaba na we yari uwo mu nda y’Ingoma kuko yari mubyara w’Umwami Mutaga III Sebitungwa w’u Burundi, bahanganira ahantu hitwa i Kabacuzi. Ni mumajyaruguru y’u Burundi ku nkiko y’u Bugesera ahateganye neza n’iyahoze ari Komini ya Ngenda. Birumvika ko Gihana Nyamihana yarwanaga na Rurinda rwa Gakamba mu buryo bwo kwiyoroshya kugira ngo Rurinda rwa Gakamaba amwice maze ubutabazi bwe bwuzure kuko ari cyo cyari cyamujyanye. Rurinda rwa Gakamba rero yica Gihana Nyamihana maze arangije na we ariyica amugwa hejuru bombi bagwa ahongaho. Aho hantu na n’ubu ngo haracyitwa mu rya Gihana Nyamihana na Rurinda rwa Gakamba. Ngo haracyari ibishyinga bibiri by’umusozi, kimwe gihagarariye Gihana Nyamihana ikindi cya Rurinda, ndetse ngo Gihana yari yarahashinze icumu rye
ryagombaga kuzashingurwa na Rwabugili, ariko nyine Rwabugili ntiyigeze agabayo igitero cyo gushingura icumu rya Gihana Nyamihana. Hanyuma rero Mutaga III Sebitungwa aratera, atera mu birindiro bya Nyaruguru no mu birindiro by’Indilira zari zikimara kuvuka. Cyakora muri izo nkundura zose zo guhangana n’ibitero bya Mutaga III Sebitungwa no kumutsinda burundu, hari n’abandi Batabazi banyuzemo hagati aho ariko ibyabo tuzabireba ubutaha. Ubutabazi bwa Gihana Nyamihana bwabaye imitsindo y’u Rwanda koko, kuko ingabo za Mutaga III Sebitungwa zahise zitera maze ziratsindwa cyane bikomeye cyane mu bice bya Nyaruguru ndetse uko gutsindwa kw’Abarundi kuba n’inkomoko y’amazina menshi agikoreshwa na magingo aya mu duce twa Nyaruguru y’ubu. Ingabo za Mutaga III Sebitungwa zakubitiwe i Cyahinda no mu Iviro rya Cyahinda barazihinda, ziku-
bitirwa ahantu mu nsi ya Kibeho maze bahita mu Iviro kubera ko zahaviriye amaraso menshi cyane. Zakubiswe na Nyaruguru na Nyakare, ariko n’Indilira ntizahatanzwe. Ahantu hafi ya Kibeho mu muhora w’aho Indilira zanyuze ziza guhangana n’iza Mutaga III Sebitungwa hahise hitwa mu Muhora (w’Indilira) na magingo aya haracyitwa mu Muhora. (w’Indilira) na magingo aya haracyitwa mu Muhora. Barakomeza barazishushubikanya bazisubiza mu Buyenzi, ariko nyinshi muri zo zigwa ku misozi ikikije umugezi w’ahongaho maze amaraso menshi arawuzura uhinduka umutuku w’inkaba y’amaraso maze kuva ubwo uwo mugezi witwa Mazatukura na magingo aya ni ko ukitwa. Bazoma inyuma barazomeka barazirunkankana bazirenza undi musozi wo hakurya yok u Mazatukura maze bawita i Rwomeka n’ubu uwo musozi uracyahari.
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Tumenye Intwari z’u Rwanda
Hari undi musozi uhari ingabo z’u Rwanda zateraniragaho mu gitondo zitegura imirwano, akaba ariho Abatware bahagararaga maze bagahamagara ingabo zose ngo zize zihateranire, maze bahita ku Ruhamagariro na magingo aya uwo musozi. Umugezi wo ku Mazatukura unyura hagati y’iyo misozi y’intabire y’icyayi ubona ku ifoto ibanza, naho ku Ruhamagariro ni musozi ureba ku ifoto ikurikiraho uriho icyayi gitangiye kumera (Foto FAIDA J.D, 2020). Icyo gitero rero Umwami Mutaga III Sebitungwa yagikomerekeyemo ariko ntiyapfa. Nyuma y’ibyo byose rero noneho Cyilima Rujugira ategura igitero gikomeye cyagiye gutera Mutaga Sebitungwa ku murwa we wo ku mu musozi wa Nkanda na Rutabo mu Buyenzi ngo amutsinde burundu. Nuko ingabo zo mu mutwe w’Urwasabahizi rwa Rutanda rwa Ntara n’umutwe w’Abadahemuka ba
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Rubona rwa Rusimbi batera kuri Nkanda na Rutabo batsinda Mutaga III Sebitungwa ndetse arahagwa maze kuva ubwo Intara y’u Buyenzi ihinduka kugeza magingo aya. Ubu ni Akarere ka Nyaruguru mu mirenge ya Busanze, Kivu, Ruheru, Nyabimata na Muganza. Ibyo bigwig bikomeye byo kuri iyo ngoma ya Cyilima Rujugira byo gutsinda u Burundi bwa Mutaga III Sebitungwa ubugira kabiri no kugarura Intara y’u Buyenzi
(ubwo ni iyahoze ari Komini ya Nshili na Kivu ariko ubu ni Akarere ka Nyaruguru), byaturutse ku butwari, ubwitange n’ubutabazi bw’Igikomangoma Gihana Nyamihana wa Cyilima Rujugira. U Rwanda rero kuva kera rwagurwaga amaraso y’abakomeye; Ibikomangoma, Abiru n’Abatware kuko Abanyarwanda bemeraga ko amaraso yabo ari yo yashoboraga gukiza igihugu, kandi uko babyemeraga ni ko byabagendekeraga koko aka za
CULTURE nyandiko zo muri Bibiliya zivuga ngo ukwizera kurarema. Abanyarwanda rero bemeraga imitsindo y’Abatabazi kandi bakemera ko yabatsindishirije ibihe byose. Igikomangoma Gihana Nyamihana nyuma yo gutabaruka gitwari atsindishirije u Rwanda, izina rye ryabaye icyogere cyane, umurwango we uhabwa icyubahiro gikomeye cyane mu bihe byose byakurikiyeho, ndetse abamukomokaho bose bakomeje kwitirirwa izina rye ku buryo na magingo aya hariya i Mututu w’Abalima hakiri abamukomokaho kandi baracyitwa Abahana kuko bakomoka nyine kuri Gihana. Umwami Cyilima Rujugira yasise ategeka ko ubutware bw’Abalima buzaguma mu rubyaro rwo kwa Gihana Nyamihana, kandi ko nta muntu wo mu rubyaro rwo kwa Gihana Nyamihana uzigera atangwa n’Umwami ngo yicwe, kabone n’iyo yabaga hari ibyo aregwa, yahabwaga ikindi gihano ariko ntiyashoboraga gutangwa, kubera nyine icyubahiro cy’ubutabazi bwa Gihana Nyamihana. Nta yindi mpamvu ni ukubera cya cyubahiro cy’Umutabazi Gihanga Nyamihana no kwubahiriza itegeko rya Cyilima Rujugira ry’uko ubutware bw’Abalima buzahora mu rubyaro rwo kwa Gihana Nyamihana kandi ko nta wo mu rubyaro rwe uzatangwa n’Umwami. Hari na kimwe mu bimenyetso gikomeye cyane kinakwereka yuko abo kwa Gihana Nyamihana bari
bafite ubudahangarwa koko. Umwami Yuhi Musinga yimye Ingoma nyuma y’intambara yo ku Rucunshu abifashijwemo cyane na nyina Kanjogera na ba nyirarume Kabare na Ruhinankiko batsinze uruhande rwa Mibambwe Rutalindwa wari warimitswe na Kigeli Rwabiguli. Nyuma yo gutsinda intambara ya Rucunshu, abo ku ruhande rwa Yuhi Musinga na nyina Kanjogera batangiye gutoteza abo ku ruhande rwatsinzwe ari rwo ruhande rwa Mibambwe Rutalindwa n’abari bamushyigikiye. Muri icyo gihe cy’intambara yok u Rucunshu rero, umutwe w’ingabo z’Abalima n’ubundi yari uwo mu rubyaro rwo kwa Gihana Nyamihana, uwo akaba yaritwaga Ndabyariye wa Mbagariye. Na we rero yari mu ruhande rw’abarwaniraga Mibambwe Rurindwa. Ndetse n’umwe mu bahungu be (ndavuga ba Ndibyariye wa Mbagariye) witwaga Murashi ngo yishe benshi cyane bo mu barwanaga ku ruhande rwa Musinga muri iyo ntamabara yok u Rucunshu. Ndibyariye wa Mbagariye na we rero bashatse kumugera amajanja ngo bamujyagishe ndetse banamwice, kimwe n’umuhungu we Murashi, ariko baza gutinya gukora ikosa ryo kurenga ku itegeko rya Cyilima Rujura, nuko batinya kwica cyangwa kunyaga Ndibyariye wa Mbagariye, arakomeza yibera Umutware w’Abalima nta we
umuhagata, kubera nyine cya cyubahiro cy’Umukurambere Gihana Nyamihana. Hari n’aho byageze barabafata barababoha, Ndibyariye n’umuhungu we Murashi barababoha, ariko nyine bibuka bwa budahangarwa bwo kwa Gihana Nyamihana, nuko baramurekura, bati kirazira gukora ku muntu wo kwa Gihana Nyamihana, kirazira kumena amaraso yo kwa Gihana Nyamihana. Bari babizi neza ko byabakururira akaga n’umuvumo bikomeye cyane. Umutware Ndabyariye wa Mbagariye rero yatabarutse ku ngoma Yuhi Musinga ariko yisaziye azize urupfu rusanzwe ry’ikirago, hanyuma ubutware bwe bugabirwa undi umuhungu we witwaga Nigamakwandi (wa Ndibyariye), akaba ari na we Mutware wa nyuma w’Abalima wo kugeza muri za 1959-60. Dore Abatware bose bo mu mutwe w’ingabo w’Abalima, bose bo mu rubyaro rwa Gihana Nyamihana nk’uko basimburanye kuva ku Mutabazi Gihana Nyamihana muri za 1700 kugeza kuri uyu Mutware wa nyuma Nigamakwandi muri za 1959-1960
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Tumenye Intwari z’u Rwanda
1. Igikomangoma Gihana Nyamihana cya Cyilima Rujugira 2. Nyirurubenga wa Gihana Nyamihana 3. Rwamo rwa Nyirurubenga wa Gihana Nyamihana. 4. Ndengeyingoma wa Rwamo rwa Nyirurubenga. 5. Mbagariye wa Ndengeyingoma wa Rwamo. 6. Ndibyaliye wa Mbagariye wa Ndengeyingoma. 7. Nigamakwandi wa Ndibyariye wa Mbagariye. Nigamakwandi ni we Mutware wa nyuma w’Abalima wo kugeza mu myaka ya za 1959-1960 mu ntangiriro za Repubulika Kugeza ahangaha urabona ko ku ngoma zose nta kaduruvayo
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kigeze kaba mu butware bw’Abalima, cyane nko ku ngoma ya Kigeli Rwabigili kuko ariho usanga haragiye haba gatebe gatoke mu butware bw’imitwe y’ingabo myinshi yari ikiriho ku ya Kigeli Rwabugili nyine. Ingabo ze rero, ndavuga z’Abalima za Gihana Nyamihana, zari intwari nka sebuja, kuva igihe yari akizirimo kugeza n’ibihe byose imitwe y’ingabo yo hambere yari ikiriho mbere y’umwaduko w’Abakoloni, zakomeje ubutwari nka nyirazo kuko iyo usesenguye ibitero byo kwagura u Rwanda byabaye nyuma y’itabaruka rya Gihana Nyamihana, cyane cyane ibitero byo ku ngoma ya Kigeli Rwabugili kuko ari we wagabye ibitero byinshi mu mahanga, usanga hafi ya byose bitaraburagamo ingabo zo mu mutwe w’Abalima. Nko mu bihe byose Abalima bari i Mututu w’Abalima ku nkiko y’u Bugesera n’u Burundi, nta rimwe u Bugesera cyangwa u Burundi byigeze bisunutsa amazuru ku Rwanda byinjiriye
muri ako gace ko ku rugerero rw’Abalima, ahubwo wasangaga u Burundi bugerageza kwinjirira ahagana mu Mvekuru, ariko cyane cyane mu Nyaruguru no mu Buyenzi. Umutware Ndibyariye wa Mbagariye wari Umutware w’Abalima mu gihe cy’ingoma ya Kigeli Rwabugili, yari mu Batware bari bafitiwe icyizere cyane mu byo kuyobora urugamba kuko uyu Ndibyariye wa Mbagariye yabaye umugaba mukuru w’ibitero bibiri bikomeye byo ku ngoma ya Kigeli Rwabugili. Ndibyariye wa Mbagariye yabaye umugaba mukuru w’igitero cyo mu Lito mu Burundi cyagabwe mu w’ 1873 ku ngoma ya Kigeli Rwabugili, kikaba igitero cya 5 mu bitero bibarwa ku ngoma ya Kigeli Rwabugili nyine. Umutware Ndabyariye wa Mbagariye w’Abalima akaba n’ubundi nyine yaratabaye ayoboye ingabo z’Abalima ariko ari na we mugaba mukuru w’igitero cyose, igitero cyarimo Inzirabwoba za Nkoronko, Uruyange rwa
CULTURE Nyamushanja wa Rwakagara, Abashakamba ba Rwampembwe rwa Nkusi, n’Abalima ba Ndibyariye wa Mbagariye nyine. Abalima ba Ndibyariye wa Magariye kandi batabaye mu gitero cya kabiri cyo ku Ijwi, kikaba igitero cya 7 mu bitero byo ku ngoma ya Kigeli Rwabugili, Abalima batabarana n’Intaganzwa za Nyilimigabo ya Marara, Nyaruguru za Nyantaba wa Nyarwaya Nyamutezi, Abarasa ba Nkundukozera wa Butare na Kabaka ka Kayagiro, Ingangurarugo za Rwanyonga rwa Mugabwambere naho Nyantaba wa Nyamutezi ari Umutware wazo w’ikirenga akaba n’umutware mukuru w’ibwami kwa Rwabugili, ariko mu Ngangurarugo hagenda Kom-
panyi 2 ; iya mbere n’ubundi yitwaga Ingangurarugo ikaba ari na yo nkuru mu Ngangurarugo zose.
gutura amaturo n’amakoro ibwami nk’uko byagendaga ku yindi mitwe y’ingabo, ndetse n’abamukomokaho bakomeje kwitirirwa izina ari nay o mpamvu Muri make rero Gihana Nyamusanga hariya mu Mayaga ya ihana yabaye umwe mu Ntwari Ntyazo hari imiryango myinshi z’ u Rwanda ku buryo no mu yitwa Abahana kuko bakomomateka no mu bitekerezo bya ka kuri Gihana Nyamihana. rubanda mu Burundi hari benGihana Nyamihana ni umwe shi bacyimwibuka. Ubutwari mu Bakurambere badusigiye bw’abantu nka ba Gihana Nyam- umurage w’ubutwari, kandi ihana bukwiye kuba amateka ubutwari si ukwitorera Ingoma akwiye kumenyekana akavugwa mu giteme, nta we ubuhabwaho cyane n’abato bakayiga. Ni umu- umunani w’ababyeyi, ahubwo rage ukomeye cyane. Ingabo buraharanirwa, kandi burashoze n’abamukomokaho bahawe boka, abariho bakabwigira ku icyubahiro gikomeye cyane kuBakurambere. bera we, ku buryo ndetse n’ingabo zo mu mutwe we w’Abalima Inyandiko ya FAIDA Jean nta nshingano zindi zihariye zo Damascène Umushakashatsi n’Umucukumbuzi w’amateka
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Ngutembereze u Rwanda
Urutare rwa Gatumwa rwishe Umwami
YUHI MAZIMPAKA
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u gihugu cyacu cy’u Rwanda hari ahantu henshi nyaburanga na ndangamateka, hafite amateka akomeye akwiye kumenyekana maze aho hantu hakamenyakana, hakabyazwa umusaruro mu by’ubukungu bushingiye ku bukerarugendo rw’umuco n’amateka. Nasuye henshi muri bene aho hantu hagifite ibimenyetso by’amateka yahabereye. Muri aho hantu henshi nasuye mu Rwanda, harimo n’umurwa w’amateka, umurwa wo ku Ijuru rya Kamonyi kwa Yuhi Mazimpaka. Ku ijururya Kamonyi kwa Yuhi Mazimpaka ni kuri uwo musozi ureba ku ifoto. Ni mu Mudugudu w’ Ijuru rya Kamonyi, Akagari ka Nkingo, Umurenge wa Kamonyi. Umusozi wa Kamonyi ni umusozi ukomeye cyane mu mateka y’Ingoma, kuko hatuye Abami b’u
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Rwanda bagera kuri Kigeli Nyamuheshera, Yuhi Mazimpaka, Yuhi Gahindiro, Mutara Rwogera, Kigeli Rwabugili na Yuhi Musinga, ariko ibimenyetso by’imirwa y’abo Bami byarasenywe hafi byose, cyane cyane ko aho iyo mirwa hashyizwe ibikorwa by’inzego zinyuranye harimo ibya Kiliziya Gatolika n’ibindi. Hirya gato ku murwa wa Yuhi Mazimpaka ni ho hakiri ibimenyetso bikeye bikigaragara. Hariya mu mpinga ubona kuriiyo foto ni ha Umwami Yuhi Mazimpaka yari atuye neza neza. Kamonyi
yari umwe mirwa y’icyubahiro y’u Rwanda, hakaba umurwa w’Abakurambere kuko hitwaga mu Rwanda rwa Kamonyi kimwe n’uko twagiraga u Rwanda rwa Binaga, u Rwanda rwa Ndanyoye ari rwo Rwanda rwa Gasabo, hakaba nyine n’u Rwanda rwa Kamonyi. Kuba
CULTURE rero ku Kamonyi harabaye imirwa y’Abami benshi ntibyavuye ku busa, ahubwo ni uko ari hamwe mu hantu h’icyubahiro ho mu ntekerezo z’Abakurambere bacu bahanze u Rwanda.
ku ifoto ni rwo rufite amateka yihariye bijyanye n’amakaburo ya Yuhi Mazimpaka kuko ari rwo rwabaye intanadaro y’urupfu rwe, maze barwita urutare rwa gatumwa kuko rwishe Umwami Yuhi MazimKubera izo mpamvu, n’imisozi paka, maze kuva ubwo rwitwa yo mu nkengero za Kamonyi urutare rwa Gatumwa, na usanga ari imisozi ifite amazimagingoo aya ni ko rwitwa. na n’amateka akomeye; mu Umwe mu basaza uzi byinhsi Kibuza, mu Nkingo za Kibuza, by’amateka yo ku Ijuru rya ku Cyirwanda, Kiburanjwiri, Kamonyi witwa Musoni Inyasi, kuri Nyeneyeri kuko n’ubundi yampaye ubuhamya bwisnku ijuru haba inyenyeri, mu hi bijyanye n’uburyo ruriya Nkoto za Kinyambi, i Girutare rwa Gatumwa rwishe hinga, ku Iriba ry’Ishya kwa Umwami Yuhi Mazimpaka, Mpyisi ya Sagisengo, i Buhoro maze nsanga bihura cyane na bwa Reramacu-mu, i Ruzege, byinshi mu bivugwa mu ruhku Karubanda, mu Nturo za ererekane rw’ibitekerezo bya Kamonyi, n’ahandi henshi. rubanda (memoires collecBavuga ko Umwami Yuhi tives) byerekeye uburyo UmMazimpaka yari afite byinwami Yuhi Mazimpaka yatanze shi yihariye bidasanzwe. Ngo (ntibavuga ko Umwami apfa yari umusizi, ngo agakunda ahubwo aratanga, agatanga abagaore akanabagira benshi, Ingoma nyine). Bamwe rero ngo yaranakengeshaga ku gas- barimo nyine n’uwo musaza embuye, ariko ngo yanagiraga Musoni Inyasi, bavuga ko Yuhi amakaburo (ibisazi by’UmwaMazimpaka ngo yari hakurya mi). Ntiavuga ko Umwami ya- ku Cyirwanda maze yumva gize ibisazi ahubwo bavuga ko Impfizi ye Rushya yivovota yagize amakaburo. Ayo makahakurya iwe mu rugo nk’uko buro rero ni yo yatumye ngayabigenzaga buri gihe iyo iwe ragaza iriya foto ya ruriya rumu rugo habaga habaye ikintu tare. Mu Nkengero z’umurwa kidasanzwe, maze ngo Yuhi wa Yuhi Mazimpaka hari intare Mazimpaka akeka ko hari (ntabwo ari intare z’inyamaswa umuntu wamuvogereye urugo ahubwo ni urutare mu bwinkubera gufuhira abagore be shi) nyinshi kandi zifite amazi- maze ngo araguruka ava ku na azwi; urutare Nyenyeri na Cyirwanda yerekeza iwe ku IjuNanginshege n’izindi, ariko ru rya Kamonyi, hanyuma ngo ruriya rutare runini rugaragara agaeze hejuru ya rurirya rutare
arahanuka arwisenuraho kubera ya makaburo ye, nuko ngo ruramukomeretsa arahungabana bikomeye cyane, nyuma biza kumuviramo gupfa . Ibyo birumvukana ni ikabyankuru ryo mu bitekerezo ntibishobokakuko nta muntu ushobora kuguruka ngo ave mu mpinga y’umusozi umwe agree mu mpinga y’undi musozi. Ibyo tubyumva ku Bamarayika muri Bibiliya. Abandi bavuga ko ngo Yuhi
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Ngutembereze u Rwanda Mazimpaka yambukaga ava hakurya ku Cyirwanda kuko ngo habaga impinga nziza agakunda kuhataramira, kandi kuko naho ni ku musozi mwiza cyane, nukongo atahutse ariho azamuka yerekeza ajya ku murwe we anyura kuri ruriya rutare kuko ariho inzira iva ku Cyirwanda ijya ku murwa we yanyuraga, maze ngo ata inzira anyura ku rutare arunyereraho akubitaho umutwe maze arahungabana cyane ku buryo ari byo byaje kuba intandaro y’urupfu rwe. Ibyongibyo wenda byo yashoboka ariko nta kimenyetso kidashidikanywaho cyaboneka, ariko nyine byashoboka. Hakaba ariko nanone n’abandi bavuga ko Umwami Yuhi Mazimpaka mu gihe yariho arambagira umusozi we, hakaba ku zuba rimena imbwa agahanga ngo yarahuye n’akaga maze kubera ya makaburo ye ngo arebye kuri ruriya rutare ngo abona ni amazi y’ikiyaga, maze ngo yikoza mu ry’agaca aramanuka akubitaho umutwe yibwira ko yidumbuye mu mazi. Ibyo na byo byashoboka nyine dukurikije yuko bizwi neza nyine mu myaka ya nyuma y’ingoma ye yari afite koko ikibazo gikomeye mu mutwe. Ikimenyetso kikwereka ko yari afite ikibazo koko ni uko n’Abiru bamushyize ku ruhande bakamwimikiraho umuhungu we Rwaka ngo amutegekere
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we atari agishoboye gutegeka ihigu. Ubundi bagombaga kwimika Rujugira ariko nyine na we yari yarahunze, kandi mu byo yahunze harimo n’ingaruka z’ibibazo byo mu mutwe bya se Yuhi Mazimpaka. Rujugira yaje kwimikwa nyuma cyane hashize imyaka igera muri 16 u Rwanda rutegekwa na Karemera Rwaka kuko Yuhi Mazimpaka atari aikibishoboye. Yuhi Mazimpaka rero yari afite icyibazo cy’amakaburo koko (Ibisazi) ku buryo yashobora kwitiranya ibintu n’ibindi, kandi uzarebe koko na we uzarebe iyo ari ku zuba ryinshi ryo ku manywa y’ihangu, hejuru y’urutare ndetse no mu muhanda wa kaburimbo harayagagirana ku buryo wagira ngo ni mu kiyaga. Ibyo na byo rero nta kimenyetso ndakuka cyabitwemeza, ariko birashoboka dukurikije ko tuzi ko nyine Yuhi Mazimpaka atari ameze neza mu mutwe. Impamvu yatumye Yuhi Mazimpaka yisenura kuri ruriya rutare rwa Gatumwa yaba imwe muri izo zose n’ubwo bigoye kugira wemeza kurusha iyindi. Gusa ikidashidikanywaho ni ukuba yararwikubiseho, rukaba ari rwo rwabaye intandaro y’urupfu rwe. Ikimenyetso ndakuka ni rirya zina rya ruriya rutare. Kuba mu ruhererekane rw’amateka
ya rubanda bavuga ko ruriya rutare rwishe Yuhi Mazimpaka maze bakarwita urutare rwa Gatumwa, ibyo byo ni ibyo kwizerwa kuko amazina y’ibintu n’ahantu ari bumwe mu buryo bwizewe Abanyarwanda ba kera bakoreshaga mu kubika amateka y’ibyabaye kuko nyine muri ibyo bihe bari bataramenya iby’ubuhanga bwo kwandika cyangwa se ubundi buryo bwa kijyambere bwa none. Inkuru y’uru rutare rwa Gatumwa nyizanye nk’inyingeragaciro ku mateka y’umurwa wa Yuhi Mazimpaka wo ku Ijuru rya Kamonyi kugira ngo abantu bamenye ayo mateka bashingiye ku bimenyetso byayo, maze n’igihe cyose ahazajya hagira abantu basura uwo murwa wa Yuhi Mzimpaka bazajye Banasura urutare rwa Gatumwa kuko ari ikimenyetso ndashidikanywaho cy’amateka y’imisazire ya Yuhi Mazimpaka. Ni ahantu rero hakwiye naho kurindwa, hakabungwabungwa nk’ahantu nyaburanga na ndangamateka hakwiye gusurwa n’abakunda ibyiza nyaburanga na ndangamateka.
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Imibereho, Ubuhanzi n’ubukorikori
Ibikoresho bya kera mu rugo rwa Kinyarwanda
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bere y’umwaduko w’Abanyaburayi, Abanyarwanda bari bazi kwiyubakira inzu zo guturamo. Zabaga ari inzu z’ibyatsi kuko zabaga zisakaje ibyatsi gusa gusa; byaba ibyatsi by’igikaranka, uruguhu, umukenke, ishinge, ibirere, ibikenyeri, urukangaga, n’ibindi. Ubwoko bw’isakaro ry’inzu bwaterwaga n’ubushobozi bwa nyirayo, abakomeye akagira isakaro ryiza, aboroheje bagapfa gutoragura ibyo babonye bagasakara, mbese nk’uko n’inzu za kijyambere z’ubu ziba zishakaje ibikoresho bisumbanya ubwiza no gukomera bikurikije ubushobozi bwa nyirayo. Muri rusange inzu y’Umunyarwanda wa kera wishoboye yabaga ari nk’imwe muri izongizo. Cyakora hari n’uwagira nziza kurushaho, kimwe n’uko hari rubanda rwo hasi cyane rwagira iziri inyuma cyane y’izongizo. N’ibikoresho byubatse inzu by’imbere rero
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nabyo byabaga bitandukanye bitewe n’ubushobozi bwa nyirayo n’urweo arimo, ariko muri rusange byabaga ari inkingi, imiganda y’inzu, igisenge, imbariro, insika, abashi, inyuma hakaba isakaro nyine. Mu rugo rw’abakomeye, nko mu rugo rw’Umwami, Abatware n’Abakungu, mu rugo rwabo habagamo inzu zirenze imwe, bakagira inzu yitwa iy’ikambere na za kagondo zo mu gikari. Inzu y’ikambere ni yo yabaga ari nini, ikaba mu rugo rw’imbere aho urasukira ukimara kwinjira mu bikingi by’irembo, ikaba nziza kandi nini kurusha izindi, ikaba kandi ari yo ba nyir’urugo; ni ukuviga umugabo n’umugore we babamo, ndetse n’abana bakiri bato kimwe n’uko n’abashyitsi b’imena ari ho bararaga. Inzu yakinyarwanda rero yabagamo ibikoresho binyuranye byo mu rugo kan-
di bya Kinyarwanda nyine, bikaba ari ibintu bikoreraga bo ubwabo kugira ngo bibafashe nyine kubaho. Byinshi muri ibyo bikoresho ntibikiboneka magingo aya ndetse benshi mu bakiri bato ntibabizi cyane cyane ababa mu buzima bwo mu migi, nyamara burya bene ibyo bintu bya kera n’ubwo biba bitagikoreshwa cyane, cyangwa se bimwe muri byo bitanagikoresha na busa, ariko biba ari umurage n’urwibutso rw’Abakurambere bacu, ku buryo tuba tugomba kubimenya, ibikiboneka bikabikwa, haba mu ngo z’abantu cyangwa mu nzu ndangamurage. Ni yo mpamvu rero nafashe intego yo kugenda nongera kwibutsa bimwe muri byo, ku buryo muri iyi magazine “INTITI” nzajya mfata kimwe muri ibyo bikoresho nkakimenyekanisha ku batakizi, n’abamaze kucyibagirwa bakacyibuka. Muri iyi nimero, duhereye ku gikoresho cy’ikibindi.
CULTURE
Ikibindi Ikibindi ni kimwe mu bikoresho by’ibanze mu rugo rw’Umunyarwanda wo hambere kubera umumaro munini cyane cyagiraga mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Ikibindi cyarabumbwaga, bivuze nyine ko cyabaga gikoze mw’ibumba ryiza, maze kubumba bikaba byari umwihariko w’Abatwa. Birashoboka ko hari ibice by’u Rwanda bishobora kuba byaragiraga abandi babumbyi batari Abatwa, ariko muri rusange umurimo w’ububumbyi wari umwihariko w’Abatwa. Mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’igihugu nko muri za Nyaruguru, bakundaga no kubita Abakanda kubera gukanda ibumba. Bakajya mu nganzo bagakura ibumba, bakarikata (gukaata≠gukata), ryamara kunoga bakabumbamo ibibindi cyangwa se inkono byose ni kimwe. Iyo bamaze kubumba ikibumbano cyabo bataracyotsa kitwa umushinga. Umushinga bakawotsa mu muriro wabugenewe, wamara gushya bakawokora, ni ukuvuga bakawarura mu muriro, hanyuma rero niba bari bakeneye inkono bakaba babonye inkono, baba bakeneye ikibindi bakaba babonye ikibindi, cyangwa se ikindi kibumbano bakeneye. Iyo foto y’iburyo (Foto FAIDA J.D, 2020) irakwereka uburyo ababumbyi begeranya inkono zabo kabazihambiranya kugi-
ra ngo batware nyinshi. Hariya urabona ko uwo mubyeyi yahambiranyije eshatu, cyakora abenshi bazitwaraga rutete kuko rwatwaraga nyunshi kurushaho. Mu bihe byo hambere abantu bo mu miryango y’Abatwa, haba hano mu Rwanda ndetse no mu bihugu bidukikije aho usanga imiryango yabo hose, abo mu yindi miryango usanga barakunze kugenda babafata nk’abantu b’ubwenge buri hasi cyane, nyamara iyo witegereje nko mu Rwanda rwo hambere wasangaga aria bantu bituriza bakicisha bugufi, ariko bakemenya guhakwa kandi bagashimisha ba Sebuja ku buryo wasanga baragiraga ubutoni ibwami, bakamenya gutarama no kuganira, kandi bagakunda kuba abantu b’indahemuka. Muri ibi byo kubumba ibibindi n’inkono, iyo witegereje uburyo babumba inkono n’ibibindi usanga birimo ubuhanga bwinshi n’ubwo wenda bamwe batabiha agaciro. Uhereye nko kuri icyo kibindi ureba kuri iyo foto yo hejuru cyabumbwe n’abantu bo mu Kingogo (Foto FAIDA J.D,2020), ukakireba ukacyitegereza, usanga bitangaje ukuntu ababumbyi babumba ikibindi bakagiha ishusho inoze neza mu mpande zacyo zose kitagoramanze nyamara nta gipimisho cya kizungu bakoresheje ahubwo bakoresha kuboneza kw’amaso yabo n’ubwenge bwabo no gupimiranya mu nyurabwenge yabo kandi
bigatanga ikintu gifite ishusho inoze, urugara rukaba rupimye neza, amabondo ntasumbane ndetse n’indiba ntihengame ku buryo nugitereka kidashobora gutembagara. Itegereze na we urebe ukuntu kinoze hose. Reba umusenguruka w’urugara ukuntu ukoze uruziga runoze kandi nta gipimisho cya gihanga bakoresheje uretse gupimiranya n’amaso yabo! Urabona ko rwose n’iyo wafata agacaruziga (Compas/Compass), ugapima umurambararo n’akarambararo, wasanga rwose ari ishusho y’uruziga runoze. Itegereze utwo tubindi two hepfo ahongaho. Iyo rero wabaga ukeneye ikibindi cyangwa inkono, wajyaga kukigura mu Batwa. Nta kiguzi ndakuka cyabagaho, ahubwo mwumvikanaga hakurikije icyo ufite, cyangwa se icyo nyirukukibumba akeneye bitewe n’ingano yacyo ndetse n’uburyo nyirukukibumba akubona, mukaba mwakumvikana imyaka isanzwe yo mu murima, intama, cyangwa se n’ikindi icyo ari cyo cyose bitewe n’uko mubyumvikanye.
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Imibereho, Ubuhanzi n’ubukorikori
Ibice by’ikibindi
Nk’uko ubireba kuri iyo foto, ikibindi kigira ibice bine by’ingenzi: uhereye hejuru kigira urugara, mu nsi y’urugara hakaba ijosi ry’ikibindi, hepfo y’ijosi hakaba amabondo, hanyuma mu nsi hakaba indiba ari iba iteretse hasi, ariko nyine kuko indiba iba isa n’isongoye, ntibagitereka hasi gusa, ahubwo giterekwa ku rugata nk’uko ubibonakuri iyo foto, waba udafite urugata
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ugacukura akobo gahwanye n’indiba yacyo, ugasasamo utwatsi maze ukagiterekamo kigafata. Mbere y’uko ikibindi gitangira gukoreshwa imirimo yagenewe ibibindi, cyabanzaga kwangurwa. Iyo kikiri gishyashya kitarangurwa ntushobora kugikoresha imirimo y’ibanze nko kukivomesha, kugitaramo no kugiterekamo inzoga n’ibindi nk’ibyo, bakaba baracyangura-
ga bagitekamo ibijumba, ariko ibyo biterwa n’umwihariko wa buri gace. N’iyo cyabaga kizaba inkono, ntibashoboraga kugitekamo nk’ibishyimbo cyangwa inyama batarabanza kucyangura. Ikibindi kitarangurwa kiba kimeze nk’ibyo bibindi ubona kuri ayo mafoto (Foto FAIDA J.D, 2020). Urabona ko kitarafata irangi ry’umukara kandi ubundi tuzi ko ikibindi cyangwa inkono biba ari umukara. Iyo cyabaga kimaze kwangurwa rero ni bwo batangiraga kugikoresha icyo bagitegenayirije. Habaho rero ibibindi bini ari byo byitwa intango, hakaba ibibindi biringaniye, ndetse n’utubindi dutoya ari two twitwaga imperezo cyangwa inkurubindi bitewe n’icyo badukoresha, ariko hakabaho n’akandi gatoya cyane muri byose kitwa urwabya bakundaga kubikamo amavuta cyangwa bakagapfundikiza inkono. Ikibindi cyamaze kwangurwa gishobora gukoreshwa mu mirimo yagenewe ibibindi, cyangwa kikaba cyahinduka inkono yo gutekamo. Wifashishije nanone iyo foto yo mu Rukali urabona ibindi by’ingero zitandukanye maze kuvuga, cyakora nta rwabya rurimo uraza kurubona hepfo. Icyo kibindi kini muri byose ni cyo cyitwa intango, kikaba cyaratarwagwamo inzoga, urwaga cyangwa ikigage, kikaba kandi ari na cyo cyaterekwagamo inzoga nyinshi nyinshi y’urubanza
CULTURE igihe guhabwa abagabo; mu gitaramo, mu rubanza rw’imiryango, inzoga y’ubudehe, cyangwa n’ahandi hndi hakenerwa guterekwa inzoga nyinshi igenewe abantu benshi. Ubundi mu nzu y’abakomeye habaga hari intango igira ahantu iteretse mu mbere cyangwa mu kirambi hegera mu mbere, ku buryo itakundaga kuhava, cyeretse iyo yabaga igiye kwozwa. Iyo byabaga ngombwa ko intango igiye guterekwa abagabo mu kirambi, mu mfuruka cyangwa mu hanze mu rugo bitewe n’umubare w’abagomba kuyishoka, yaterurwaga n’abagabo b’inkorokora, maze igaterekwa ku rugata, hanyuma bagashoramo imiheha myinshi nk’uko ububina kuri iyo foto. Ntiyashoboraga guterurwa irimo inzoga kuko yabaga iremereye cyane, ahubwo bayiterekega irimo ubusa, hunyuma bakifashisha akandi kabindi karinganiye bakajya bazanamo inzoga bagasuka muri ya ntango ari byo bitaga gucurira, hanyuma yashiramo cyangwa se igiye gushiramo bakwongera bakaza bagasukamo ari byo bitaga gukômeera. Imperezo yo rero yifashishwaga ku rugendo kuko yabaga ari akabindi gatoya, maze abakomeye aba bari ku rugendo abagaragu babo bakabatwaza inzoga y’urugendo, bakayitwara mu mperezo nyine. Nanone twabonye ko imperezo nanifashishwaga mu gusuka inzoga mu ntango no kuyikomera. Inkurubindi yo rero yifashishwaga mu kubika inziga y’ubuki. Ubundi
inzoga y’ubuki yabaga ari nkeya ariko ikaze cyane, ari nay o mpamvu nyine itagomberaga kujya mu ntango, ahubwo yagiraga akabindi gatoya ari ko bitaga inkurubindi.
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Imibereho, Ubuhanzi n’ubukorikori
Dore inkono iri ku mashyiga ya kinyarwanda Mu buryo bwo hambere, urabona uko byabaga bimeze inkono iteretse ku ziko. Yabaga iteretse ku mashyiga atatu, kandi hari n’igisakuzo kigira kiti twavamo umwe ntitwarya, bakacyica bavuga ngo ni amashyiga. Amashyiga rero aba ari atatu nk’uko ubibona kuri iyo foto ibumoso, maze bagatereka inkono hagati yayo. Urumva ko ukuyemo ishyiga rimwe utabona uko uterekaho inkono. Hari kandi na rwa rwabya navuze, ni urwongurwo ubona noneho ku ifoto iburyo (Foto FAIDA J.D, 2020) abazi ubwenge no gukunda ibimeze neza barupfundikirishaga inkono iri ku ziko, mu gihe ariko hari n’abo wasangaga barapfundikizaga ibirere, cyangwa se n’ibindi bintu byose bishobora gupfundikra inkono ngo umwuka udahita. Abagorer b’umutima rero impamvu bapfundikirashaga urwabya, ni uko birindaga kwongera mu nkono amazi akonje ngo adasubiza inyuma ibiryo maze bikabiha. Bapfundikizaga ruriya rwabya rero n’ubundi kugira ngo umwuka udahita inkono igapfuba, kandi birumvikana niba umwuka witambukira binatuma nyine inkono idashya vuba, ariko bakanarushyiramo amazi. Nuko uko maze uko inkono
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ibira, ubushyuhe bw’amazi ari mu nkono bukazamukira no mu mazi ari muri rwa rwabya maze nayo agashyuha ndetse akatura. Iyo babaga rero batetse ibiryo bisabwa kwongeramo amazi, cyane cyane nk’ibinyamisogwe, ntabwo bongeragamo ayo bakuye mu kibindi akonje, ahubwo bafataga ya yandi yashyushye ari muri rwa rwabya
maze bakaba ari yo bongeramo. Ngiyo rero impamvu ikomeye kandi yuje ubwenge no gukunda ireme ry’ibiryoshye yatumaga ba nyogokuru baragiraga ibiryo biryoshye, bakagabura ibiryoshye. Nta muntu wo hambere utarakundaga ibiryo byo kwa nyogokuru, babaga bazi kwita ku byo bakora bakabiha umwanya uhagije bakabinoza.
CULTURE
Indi mirimo y’ikindi Ibyo tumaze kuvuga haruguru si byo gusa bikenera gukoresha ikibindi, ahubwo ikibindi cyanifashishwaga no mu yindi mirimo itandukanye. Ikibindi cyifashishwaga mu kuvoma amazi nk’uko ubona kuri iyo foto abo bana bikoreye ibibindi bajya kuvoma. Hejuru yo kuba ikibindi cyaravomaga, barongeraga bakanicyifashisha mu kugiterekamo amazi, hakaba ikibindi kivoma hakaba n’igiterekwamo amazi, kandi umenye ko cyaziraga kikaziririzwa ko mu rugo rw’Umunyarwanda wiyubashye barara badafite amazi mu nzu. Bavugaga ko Imana iramutse ije kurema nijoro ikabura amazi yakwigendera maze bikaba bibaye umuvumo muri urwo rugo. Bari bazi rero ko Imana ari yo irema byose, bagatekereza ko irema nijoro kandi ko ikoresha amazi. Mbese nk abya bindi dusoma muri Bibiliya mu nkuru z’iremwa rya Adamu. Ikibindi cyarakoreshwaga kandi mu kwikorera inzoga z’imitwa. Ab’ubu batwara inzoga za Kinyarwanda mu majerekani ariko abakera batwaraga mu bibindi Kwinika amasaka, guteka umusemburo n’ibindi.
Ikibindi kinini ari cyo cyitwa intango iyo cyabaga cyaramenetse ariko mu buryo budakabije ngo gishwanyuke, ntabwo bahitaga bakireka ahubwo barakigoragozaga. Kandi nta mugayo ntibyabaga byoroshye kubona ikindi nkacyo, ndetse n’iyo wakibona nticyabaga cyaranoze nk’icya mbere. Mu gihe waba ugisimbuje ikindi gishya, ntabwo cyashoboraga kuryoshya inzoga n’icya mbere cyamaze kumenyera. Kandi n’ubundi Umunyarwanda
yaciye umugani ngo agakono gakuze ni ko karyoshya imboga. Si amashyengo rero, byaba inkono zikuze, ibindi bikuze, cyangwa n’uducuma dukuze twaciye umubiri, usanga ari byo bitanga uburyohe n’impumuro nziza z’ibyo washyizemo. Ni yo mpamvu rero intango iyo yasadukaga ikiyasa ariko ntishwanyagurike, ntibayirekaga burundu ahubwo barayisanaga. Mu buhanga bukomeye bakayiboheraho ikintu kimeze
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CULTURE nk’ikidasesa kiboshye mu biti byo mu bihuru byitwa imisarenda, hanyuma bagakomeza kugikoresha bagiterekamo inzoga nk’uko bisanzwe. Mu bice bimwe na bimwe bakoreshaga nyine ibiti by’imisarenda bisataguye, ahandi bagakoresha ibishishwa by’ibiti nk’imivumu n’ibindi biti bigira ibishishwa bikomeye. Aho Ababiligi badukiye mu Rwanda bakaza ibiti by’inturusu na za barakatsi, batangiye kujya banakoresha ibishishwa bya barakatsi kuko biba bikomeye cyane. Ukwo gufata ikibindi ukakiboheraho imisarenda cyangwa ibishishwa by’ibyo biti rero ni byo bitaga kugisenga, ariko iyo nshinga yo gusenga ntabwo ari ugusenga Imana. Gusenga ikibindi no gusenga Imana biratandukanye. Nuko rero bamara kugisenga kikitwa Bisenge, maze umwana bamutuma gutira ikibindi cya bisenge, bakamubwira bati baguhe cya Bisenge. Ikibindi cya bisenge rero cyabaga kimeze nk’ukonguko ukibona kuri iyo foto, maze bamara kugisenga ntikizongera kuva ukundi. Impamvu kitongeraga kuva, ni uko uko inzoga bateretsemo yabiraga kubera umusemburo, uruhiza n’urufuro n’umusemburo byamenekaga inyuma bigacengera kiriya kintu babaga baboheyeho, bikagenda bifunga ya myenge yose ndetse bigafunga na ha hantu hari harasadutse, hanyuma byamara kwuma bikamera nk’ubujeni cyangwa kore (Colle/Glue), maze bbigahoma rwose bikamera nka sima, ku buryo intango idashobora kuva. Bisenge rero yabaga ikomeye cyane ku buryo n’iyo yihirikaga hasi igatogoka itashoboraga kumeneka, ariko nyine birumvikana ko byayongereraga kuremera kurushaho, ku buryo iyaterurwaga n’abagabo batatu yasigara noneho iterurwa na batanu. Nano kandi iyo ikibindi cyabaga cyamenetse mu buryo kidashobora gusengwa ariko nanone kitashwanyaguritse, bacyitaga ikimuga maze imyaka itari ngombwa kujya
mu kigega; nk’ibishyimbo, amasaka, uburo, n’utundi tuntu tunyuranye, ndetse banakibikagamo imbuto, akenshi kigaterekwa mu nsi y’urutara kubera nyine ko inzu za kera zabaga ari ntoya. Ikimuga rero cyagiraga umumaro ari nayo mpamvu Abanyarwanda bavugaga ngo ikimuga kiruta urujyo kuko urujyo rwo rwabaga rwarajanjaguritse cyane ari ibibaju ku buryo nta mirimo ihambaye rwongeraga gukora. Iyo Ikibindi cyabaga cyamenekeye mu mabondo yacyo kigacikamo kabiri, bacyitaga icyungo kandi ntabwo cyajugunywaga ahubwo cyakora inidi mirimo kandi ikomeye; nko kwarika no kuvugiramo umutsima, gukarangiraho imbetezi, gutwika urugimbu, yewe n’ababyeyi bashoboraga kucyogeramo abana nk’uko tubona ibase twogeramo zo mu bihe bya none. Reba nko kuri iyo foto uburyo uwo mubyeyi ariho yogerezamo umwana mu gice cy’ikibindi ari cyo cyitwa nyine cyitwa ikimuga. Ikibindi rero cyari kimwe mu bikoresho by’ingenzi mu rugo no mu muryango w’Abanyarwanda ba kera.
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Ingabo n’imitwe y’ingabo
MENYA AMATEKA Y’INGABO N’IMITWE Y’INGABO MU RWANDA Umutwe w’ingabo w’Indilira
I
ndilira ni umwe mu mitwe y’ingabo yo mu bihe byo hambere by’ubutegetsi bwa cyami, ukaba wararemwe n’Umwami Cyilima Rujugira mu ntangiriro z’ingoma ye muri za 1700. Natekereje kugira icyo mvuga mu buryo buvunaguye kuri uyu mutwe w’ingabo w’Indilira kubera impamvu zinyuranye mbona Abanyarwanda bakwiye kumenya, cyane cyane abakiri batoya, nkagerageza guserura bimwe mu bintu byatumye iryo zina risigara mu mitwe ya benshi. Inkomoko y’izina ryawo ubwaryo irahanitse cyane, hanyuma kandi hari na byinshi tugifite by’umurage udasaza bifitanye isano n’amateka y’umutwe w’ingabo w’Indilira. Dore nk’ubu
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nabonye muri iyi minsi Amatorero menshi anyura muri gahunda zo gutozwa mu Itorero ry’igihugu (NIC) akunda kuza afite mu masibo yayo Isibo y’Indilira ku buryo akenshi usanga Isibo y’Indilira idakunda kuburamo. Mfashe nk’ingero nkeya, nasanze nko mu Itorero ry’Impamyabigwi ry’Abanyamakuru icyiciro cya 2018, nasanze bari bafitemo Isibo y’Indilira, mu Itorero ry’Indangamirwa I ryo muri 2018 na ryo mu masibo arigize narisanzemo Isibo, n’andi Matorero anyuranye. Hari kandi no mu Matorero yo mu Midugudu, naho nagiye mpasanga Isibo y’Indilira. Nyamara nagiye mbaza benshi mu bashikisha gutanga ayo mazina y’Indil-
ira, ngasanga ari izina ryaje mu bantu bakarikunda ariko batazi inkomoko n’amateka yagutse y’Indilira. Ni yo mpamvu rero nashatse kugaruka ku mateka y’izina Indilira kugira mfashe abantu boye gukomeza kwiyitirira izina batazi inkomoko yaryo, byongeye kandi kuba iryo zina ryaramamaye mu Matorero no muri rubanda, ntibipfa kwizana gusa, ahubwo biba bifite impamvu zidasanzwe. Byose bikomoka mu mutwe w’ingabo w’Indilira. Ni rero byo nshaka ko benshi basobanukirwa mu buryo bwagutse byibura, kandi ni byo byatumye mpaguruka mfata umwanya wo kugenda nerekeza ahantu h’ingenzi havugwa amateka y’umutwe w’Indilira.
CULTURE CULTURE None rero Indilira bisobanura iki, ryaturutse hehe, Indilira zadusigiye murage ki?
Umutwe w’Indilira wo wadutse ute mu Rwanda? Mu gihe Cyilima Rujugira yariho arwana no kurema imitwe myinshi y’ingabo akayerekeza mu bice byo ku nkiko y’i Ndorwa kubera ikabazo gikomeye cyari gihari bigatuma imitwe y’ingabo myinshi yerekerayo ndetse na zimwe mu ngabo zari mu majyepfo zirinze u Burundi zikerekezwayo kujya gusananira izindi ngerero zo ku nkiko y’i Ndorwa, ni bwo koko Umwami w’u Burundi wariho icyo gihe witwaga Mutaga III Sebitungwa yamenye ko ingabo nyinshi zagiye ku rugerero rwo mu majyaruguru guhangana n’i Ndorwa maze ahita agaba ibitero bikomeye huti huti byo kwigarurira uduce tw’i Nyaruguru no mu nkengero zaho. Ni muri iyo nkubiri rero Indilira zavutse. Ubundi izina nyaryo ry’uyu mutwe w’ingabo ni “Indilira-rugamba”, ariko nyine mu buryo bwo kwihuta mu magambo bakabihina bakavuga “Indilira”-rugamba bakayikuraho.
None yaribagiranye burundu. Muri iryo zina rero harimo inshinga “kurira”, na yo ikabyara inshinga “kuririra”, maze wabijyana mu ikomoranshinga ugasanga kuririra bikavuga kurira ushega ushaka ikintu iki n’iki, cyane cyane bigakunda kuvugwa ku bana ni bo bakunda kuririra ibintu ibi n’ibi, maze wakwungaho ijambo urugamba, bikabyara kuririra urugugamba, abakora ibyongibyo bakaba abaririra urugamba, wabishyira mu ijambo ry’inyunge bikaba abaririra-rugamba, byakorwa n’abantu b’imigirigiri y’abasore bikabyara “Indilira-rugamba”. Ibyo rero bisobanura ko mu ivuka ry’uwo mutwe w’Indilira harimo ikintu cy’abantu baririraga kujya ku rugamba. Ni bande rero baririye kujya ku rugamba kandi byarangiye bite? Muri ibyo bihe bikomeye rero by’uko ku nkiko y’i Ndorwa
byari bimeze nabi, mu majyepfo y’u Rwanda u Burundi nabwo bugahita butera, ibwami hari Itorero ry’abasore bari bakirangiza inyigisho z’itorero ryabo, mbese bamaze no kumenya ibyerekeye ibyo kurwanira igihugu kuko nabyo byigirwaga mu itorero, ariko nyine bari batarinjizwa mu mutwe w’ingabo uwo ari wo wose, maze muri ibyo bihe hahita haduka amakuru y’impurirane akomeye cyane y’uko Mutaga III Sebitungwa n’ingabo ze bateye mu Nyaruguru. Mu gihe nyine abo basore bari bagisohoka mu Itorero ryabo, umwe mu ntasi zikomeye zo ku ngoma ya Cyilima Rujugira witwaga Nkundumwami yahise asesekara ibwami azanye amakuru yizewe yuko Mutaga III Sebitungwa w’u Burundi yambitse ingabo zo gutera mu majyepfo y’u Rwanda ashaka kwigaru-
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Ingabo n’imitwe y’ingabo
rira Intara yose y’u Bungwe, ubwo ni nko kuvuga iyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare yose, cyangwa ubwatsi bwose bw’Akarere ka Huye, Gisagara, Nyaruguru na Nyamagabe muri rusange. Amakuru y’uwo mugabo Nkundumwami yari amakuru y’ukuri. Mutaga III Sebitungwa akaba nyine yari yagambiriye gutera mu majyepfo kuko na we yari azi neza ko inyinshi mu ngabo z’u Rwanda zirimo z’izo ku ngerero zo mu mayepfo zatabaye mu majyaruguru kujya guhangana n’i Ndorwa ya Gahaya II Muzora. Mutaga III Sebitungwa yari abizi neza ko zimwe mu ngabo zari zirinze inkiko y’u Burundi zazamtse mu Ndorwa; yari ko zimwe mu Nyaruguru zazamutse, Nyakare na Bashumba ni uko, Mvejuru ndetse na zimwe mu ngabo zo mu mutwe w’Abadahemuka na zo yari azi ko zazamutse, kandi izo ngabo zose zari zishinzwe kurinda inkiko y’u Burundi. Mutaga III Sebitungwa yari yamenye neza ko izo ngabo zose ndetse n’izindi nyinshi mu gihugu zazamuwe mu majyaruguru kujya gusananira Ababito, Intarindwa, Igicikiza, Abatanguha n’Imanga n’izindi kujya guhangana n’i Ndorwa. Mutaga III Sebutungwa rero yum-
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va arasakiwe, maze ategura igitero gikomeye mu majyepfo. Amakuru y’ubutasi ya Nkundumwami n’izindi ntasi rero yari amakuru y’ukuri.
ku gahato nta gisibya. Hanyuma rero ibwami babonye ko biyoberanye abasore bariye karungu, barashyira bava ku izima, bemerera abo basore kujya kurwana n’ingabo za Ba basore rero bari bakiri Mutaga III Sebitungwa, cyibwami barangije itorero akora nyine babazanira izindi bamaze kwumva izo nkuru ngabo zimenyereye iby’uruz’uko u Burundi bwateye mu gamba zivuye mu yindi mitwe majyepfo, barashega bashay’ingabo hanyuma barabaka kujya kurwana n’ingabo vanga, ni uko bakora umutwe z’u Burundi. Ibwami baukomeye mushyashya. Batbanza kubibangira kuko angira rero kwibaza uburyo nyine babonaga ari abantu bwo gushaka izina ry’uwo bakiri abana bataramenyera mutwe mushya, nuko bamwe iby’imirwano, bakabona ko bahita babyororshya cyane, kubashora mu rugamba rwo maze baravuga bati ubwo aba kurwana n’ingabo z’u Burundi bantu baririye kujya ku rukandi zari zikomeye byaba ari gamba, ubwo izina ryabo ni ukubagemurira urupfu, kandi “Indilira-rugamba”, ni ukuvubirumvikana koko. Abasore ga itsinda ry’insoresore zirira rero barakomeza barashega kujya ku rugamba, maze bashaka kujya ku rugamba, izina rifata rityo, uwo mutwe bararira barisihinga barasizo- w’ingabo mushyashya bawira, kugeza n’aho bavuze bati ta Indilira-rugamba maze niba mutatwemereye kujya rirafata, hanyuma Umwami ku rugamba ngo turwanire Cyilima Rujugira awugabira igihugu, twebwe turagenda mwenese witwaga Muciye aba
CULTURE CULTURE Umutware wa mbere w’Indilira-rugamba. (Indilira-rugamba= The Beggers for Battle/ The Supplicants for Battle/ Les Assoiffés de Combat/Les Suppliants d’aller au Combat. Nguko rero uko umutwe w’ingabo w’Indilira-rugamba ari zo Ndilira wavutse. Imisozi ya Cyafurwe cy’Indilira Umutwe w’ingabo w’Indilira rero umaze kuremwa wahise ushyirwa ku rugerero rw’uburengerazuba bw’urugerero rwa Nyaruguru ku buryo zari zi-
kurikiranye neza rwose. Indilira rero zishinga urugerero ahitwa mu Cyafurwe ukagenda ukagera mu nkengero za Kibeho ku rugerero rwa Nyaruguru, nuko kuva ubwo aho hantu mu Cyafurwe hatangira kwitwa mu “Cyafurwe cy’Indilira” kuko habaga icyicaro cy’urugerero rw’Indilira. Ubu ni mu Murenge wa Mata, Akarere ka Nyaruguru. Mu gihe cy’Amasheferi y’Ababiligi hari muri Sheferi ya Nyaruguru Teritwari ya Astrida, naho mu gihe cy’Amakomini ya Habyarimana hari muri Komini ya Rwamiko Perefegitura ya Gikongoro. Indilirira rero ni
ahongaho zari zifite urugerero, zigahera mu Cyafurwe zikaza zigakambika no mu mpinga y’umusozi wa Nyamyumba, zikagera za Kibeho, ndetse zigeze no kugira urugerero na hariya i Ngeri hakurya ya Munini muri Mubuga. Ayo mafoto ubona ni ay’imisozi inyuranye yariho ingerero z’ingabo z’Indilira-rugamba, uhereye mu misozi ya Cyafurwe yegamiye ibisi bya Kigasari, ndetse n’uyu musozi muremure wa Nyambyumba ureba kuri iyo foto (Foto FAIDA J. D, 2019).
Imisozi ya Cyafurwe cy’Indilira
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Ingabo n’imitwe y’ingabo
Indilira zitsinda Mutaga III Sebitungwa
I
ngabo za Mutaga III Sebungwa rero ziratera nk’uko intasi zari zabivuze, cyane cyane Kompanyi 2 zikomeye z’Abarundi; Intarindwa n’Ibenga, nuko Indilirira zihita zitangira guhanga n’igitero cya mbere cy’ingabo za Mutaga III Sebitungwa cyateye kikagera hariya za Kibeho na Kinyovi, zihanganga n’izo Kompamnyi z’i Burundi z’Intarindwa n’Ibenga, kandi Indilira ni zo zatsinze burundu icyo gitero cya Mutaga III Sebitungwa ndetse yaranahakomerekeye bikomeye. Ni koko rero Umwami Mutaga III Sebutungwa yari hariya ku murwa we wo ku Rutabo rwa Nkanda ho mu Buyenzi, icyo gihe nyine u Buyenzi bwari bukiri Intara y’u Burundi, ariko ubu ni mu Rwanda, mu Karere ka Nyaruguru, Umurenge wa Busanze, Akagari ka Rutabo. Mutaga III Sebuitungwa yafashe ziriya Kompanyi 2 zikomeye tumaze kuvuga zo mu mutwe w’ingabo wamurindaga; Intarindwa n’Ibenga, azohereza gutera urugerero rw’Indilira rwo mu Cyafurwe kuko yari azi neza ko Indilira ari umutwe w’ingabo mushya, agatekereza yuko azahita abatsinda kuko bataramenyera imirwano. Nidukomeza hepfo cyane turaza kubona ko ayo mazina y’ingabo z’u Burundi z’Intarindwa n’Ibenga, Cyilima Rujugira na
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we yaje kuyaha imwe mu mitwe y’ingabo yaremye ku ngoma ye, ku buryo mu ngabo ze na we tuzabonamo umutwe w’Intarindwa ndetse n’uw’Ibenga, akaba yarabikoze mu buryo bw’imitsindo. Izo ngabo z’Indarindwa n’Ibenga zaje ziyobowe n’Abagaba b’igitero 2, barimo uwitwaga Budengeri wa Ndabarinze w’Umusinga wo mu Bahabwa wari waratorotse mu Rwanda ajyana na Bicura bya Karemera Rwaka ubwo bari bamaze gutsindwa na Cyilima Rujugira mu ntambara zabo z’ubwiko zo kurwanira Ingoma, maze bamaze gutsindwa bacikira i Burundi hanyuma Mutaga III Sebitungwa arabakira ndetse abashyira mu ngabo ze, nuko muri iki gitero abagira Abagaba b’igitero maze
abo bagabo bombi; Budengeri wa Ndabarinze na Bicura bya Karemera Rwaka batera Indilira bayoboye ingabo z’u Burundi. Umwami Mutaga III w’u Burundi yabashyizeho ku mpamvu z’uko yari azi neza ko bazi cyane ibyo mu Rwanda n’inzira zaho kuko ari ho bari baraturutse, kandi yari afite umugambi wo gutsinda u Rwanda akimika Bicura bya Rwaka akamusubiza ku Ngoma akaba Umwami w’u Rwanda, hanyuma u Rwanda rugahinduka Intara yigenga ariko igengwa n’u Burundi iyobowe na Bicura, u Rwanda rukajya rutura amaturo n’amakoro n’ingemu ku Mwami w’u Burundi. Ingabo za Mutaga III Sebitungwa rero zitera urugerero rw’Indilira rwo mu Cyafurwe, ariko Umutware
CULTURE w’Indilira ari we Muciye yari yabimenye kare cyane, maze ategura amayeri akomeye cyane yo gutsinda icyo gitero. Muciye rero yafashe imwe muri Kompanyi zo mu Ndilira yitwaga Impama (Impama zigaragara mu mitwe y’ingabo myinshi ariko no mu Ndilira habagamo Kompanyi y’Impama) maze ayirekera mu Cyafurwe, hanyuma izindi Kompanyi 2 zo mu Ndilira ari zo Indinda n’Indengera arazijyana arazihisha, azishingira urugerero mu bisi bya Nyakibanda, kugira ngo zizamufashe gukubita iza Mutaga mu buryo butunguranye. Budengeri wa Ndabarinze rero aragenda atera mu Cyafurwe maze Impama ziratsindwa ariko by’amayeri ndetse zirihinda zikajya zirwana zisubira inyuma, arakomeza atera no mu misozi ya Nyamyumba akomeza agana za Runyinya. Yari amayeri ya gisirikare yo gukurura ingabo z’u Burundi baziganisha mu gico cy’Indinda n’Indengera kandi ingabo z’u Burundi ayo makuru ntayo zari zifite. Ingabo za Budengeri wa Ndabarinze zirashyekerwa zikomeza kugenda zikurikira Impama, hanyuma Impama zigiye kugera mu bisi bya Nyakibanda mu birindiro by’Indinda n’Indengera, zivuza umurishyo w’impuruza, nuko za Kompanyi 2 z’Indinda n’Indengera n’izindi ngabo zo muri ako gace zose ndetse na rubanda bitabana ingoga. Birumvikana ko hafi ahon-
gaho mu ruhande rumwe hari ingabo za Nyaruguru zasigaye zitatabaye mu Ndorwa kuko zitari kugenda zose ngo zisige urugerero rwazo rwambaye ubusa, naho mu rundi ruhande rusubira za Giseke cy’Abadahemuka hakaba ingabo z’Abadahemuka nyine. Nuko zimwe muri segisiyo zo mu Nyaruguru, hamwe na segisiyo zo mu Badahemuka ndetse n’Abashahuzi na rubanda rwose nyine bitaba impuruza bahagurukana intwaro zabo zose, biroha ku ngabo za Budengeri wa Ndabarinze zirabirukankana zibageza hariya za Runyinya ya Kibeho, zirabatangatanga zirabarasa cyane ndetse n’Umwami Mutaga III Sebitungwa wari kumwe nazo arahakomerekera, ingabo ze nyinshi cyane zigwa mu kibaya cya Kinyovi, nuko imirambo myinshi yiroha mu mugezi wo muri icyo kibaya ku buryo amazi y’uwo mugezi yose yahindutse umutuku w’amaraso, maze kuva ubwo uwo mugezi witwa ku mazi atukura kugeza na magingo aya. Ku mazi atukura ni muri kiriya kibaya kiri hagati y’iyo misozi ureba kuri iyo foto, ubu hakaba ari mu bwatsi bunini cyane bw’imisozi yahawe Kompanyi ya UNLIVER ngo bahakorere ishoramari ry’ubuhinzi bw’icyayi ndetse urareba ko ari mu ntabire cy’icyayi nyine (Foto FAIDA J.D, 2020). Mutaga III Sebutungwa n’Umutware Budengeri wa Ndabarinze n’ingabo zabo rero batsindwa
uruhenu maze basubira mu Buyenzi, inkuru mbi itaha ku Rutabo rwa Nkanda naho inkuru nziza itaha I Mwulire wa Save kuko ariho Umwami Cyilima Rujugira yari atetse akurikiranira hafi ibyo ku rugamba. Aho niho rero bavugiye amacumu, uwitwa Nyirabitorwa wa Mafuku akaba ari we wari umuvuzi w’amacumu muri urwo rugamba, ndetse nyuma yaje kuba umwe mu Batware b’Indilira nyuma ya Milimo wa Sharangabo. Maze rero burya ngo iyagukanze ntiba inturo, Cyilima Rujugira amaze gutsinda icyo gitero abifashijwemo n’ingabo ze, cyane izo mu mutwe w’Indilira, ntiyatereye agate mu ryinyo ngo yumve ko ikibazo kirangiye, ahubwo yahise ategura igitero gikomeye cyane cyo gutsinda no kwirukana Mutaga III Sebitungwa mu Buyenzi, Umutabazi arashakwa, ingabo zirategurwa, ibyakurikiyeho tuzabirambura mu mateka y’uburyo Cyilima Rujugira yatsinze amahanga. None se ko kugeza ahangaha tumaze gusobanukirwa mu ncamake ibigwi n’ibirindiro by’Indilirarugamba, ariko ibyo byose babikoze bayobowe na ban de?
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Ingabo n’imitwe y’ingabo
Abatware bose b’Indilira-rugamba
N
tiwavuga rero amateka y’ibigwi n’ibirindiro utavuze no ku mazina y’Abatware baziyoboye n’imiryango bakomokamo, cyane cyane ko buriya hari benshi mu miryango y’abaturage bo mu bice bya Nyaruguru bakomoka mu bisekuru bya bamwe mu Batware bayoboye Indilirarugamba. Mu gukurikiranya amazina y’Abatware b’Indilirarugamba, ndizera ntashidikanya ko hari benshi mu bariho ubungubu bazasanga bakomoka muri abo Batware, kandi ibyo ni byiza cyane ko abantu babimenya kuko ni umurage ukomeye cyane, kandi biteye ishema n’isheja kuri buri wese wasanga akomoka kuri abo bantu bagize uruhare mu kurema u Rwanda rwo muri kariya gace k’amajyepfo ho mu Nyaruguru. Dorer uko Abatware b’Indilirarugamba bakurikiranye kugeza ku mwaduko mu mpera z’ingoma ya cyami muri za 1959-60. Twari twabibonye haruguru ko Umwami Cyilima Rujugira akimara kurema umutwe w’ingabo w’Indilira yahise awugabira mwenese Muciye (wa Yuhi Mazimpaka) maze
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aba Umutware wa mbere w’Indilirarugamba, icyo gihe akaba yari yungirijwe na Migisha wa Mihanda. Cyilima Rujugira na Muciye ni abavandimwe kuko bombi ari bene Yuhi Mazimpaka, bivuga nyine ko na Muciye ari Igikomangoma. Umutware Muciye yayoboye Indilira kugeza ashaje, hanyuma amaze gutabaruka ubutware bw’Indilira bugabirwa Sharangabo wa Rujugira akayobora Indilirarugamba azifatanyije n’Abakemba kuko na mbere y’uko Indilira ziremwa, Abakemba bo bari bamaze igihe bariho kandi bayoborwa nyine na Sharangabo wa Rujugira. Cyakora nyuma yaho byagaragaye ko bidashoboka ko Sharangabo yakomeza kuyobora iyo mitwe y’ingabo yombi imbangikane, cyane cyane ko yombi yari ku ngerero ebyiri zinyuranye ziri mu bice bitandukanye kandi hose hari imirwamo ikaze, Abakemba ku nkiko y’i Gisaka n’Indilira ku nkiko y’u Burundi, nuko biba ngombwa ko Indilira bazigabira undi Mutware wazo wihariye zigatandukanywa n’Abakemba hanyuma Sharangabo akaguma mu Bakemba. Babikoze batyo rero maze Indil-
The Tradutional Rwandan Hairstyle: Amasunzu
CULTURE irarugamba zigabirwa umwe mu bahungu ba Sharangabo witwaga Milimo, cyakora mu gihe yari akiri mutoya ubuyobozi bw’Indilira bwabaye buhawe uwitwa Nyirabitorwa wa Mafuku, wa wundi twabonye haruguru wari Umuvuzi w’amacumu mu rugamba rwo ku Mazatukura, ari we nyine wagiye ibwami amakuru y’intsinzi y’ingabo z’Indilira ubwo zatsindaga cya gitero cya mbere cya Mutaga III Sebitungwa. Milimo wa Sharangabo amaze gukura ahabwa ubutware bwuzuye bw’Indilirarugamba, hanyuma amaze gusaza asimburwa n’umuhungu we Semugeshi, na we amaze gusaza asimburwa n’umuhungu we Runihangabo wayoboye Indilirarugamba kugeza ku ngoma ya Mutara Rwogera. Kuri iyo ngoma ya Mutara Rwogera muri za 1830, uwo Mutware Runihangabo wa Semugeshi yaje gutahurwaho amakosa yo gukunda kugenda mu ngo z’Umwami Mutara Rwogera. Mu yandi magambo tutabiciye ku ruhande, ni ukuvuga ko Ruhinangabo yari afite amacabiranya yo kumuca inyuma. Iyo ngezo ya Runihangabo wa Semugeshi imaze kumenyakana, birumvikana ko bitari kumugwa amahoro, nuko Umwami Mutara Rwogera aramunyaga, ahanyuma ubutware bwe bwo mu Ndilira bugabirwa umuvandimwe we Rutambuka (rwa Semugeshi). Umutware Rutambuka rwa Semugeshi yaje
kwegura ku butware bw’Indilira ku mpamvu ze bwite, ariko kuko Mutara Rwogera yamwemeraga cyane akanamwikundira, arabimwemerera kwegura mu butware bw’ingabo ariko amugumisha mu butware bw’umutwe w’inyambo wari ubangikanye n’umutwe w’ingabo w’Indilira nk’uko bisanzwe, uwo mutwe w’inyambo wo mu Ndilira ukaba waritwaga Inyangamuteyi. Nuko icyo gihe ubutware bw’Indilira noneho butandukanyijwe n’ubutware bw’Inyangamuteyi, bivuze ko noneho abandi Batware b’Indilira tugiye gukomeza kugaragaza bari Abatware b’Indilira gusa naho Inyangamuteyi zikagira Abatware bazo ukwabo. Rutambuka rwa Semugeshi rero amaze kwegura mu butware bw’Indilira hanyuma akagabirwa ubutware bw’Inyangamuteyi gusa, Indilira zahise zigabirwa Igikomangoma Bicundamabano bya Rwogera) ariko muri icyo gihe yari akiri umwana, Indilira zakayoborwaga by’agateganyo na Mukotanyi wa Rugagi wo mu Bagagi, kugeza nyine igihe Bicundamabano ageze igihe cyo kuba umugabo akiyoborera. Bicundamabano bya Rwogera yaje gupfira ku Ijwi ubwo yari yaraherekeje mwenese (Umwami Kigeli Rwabugili) mu gitero cya kabiri cyo ku Ijwi. Mu gihe rero Bicundamabano bya Rwogera yari yarajyanye n’Umwami Kigeli Rwabugili mu gitero cyo ku Ijwi, hagati aho ubutware bw’Indilira bwari bwaragabiwe
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Ingabo n’imitwe y’ingabo by’agateganyo Karama ka Barahira w’Umukono akazitegekana na Nyaruguru, ariko aho Bicundamabano agarukiye asubirana ubutware bwe. Nyuma rero Bicundamabano yaje gusaza aratabaruka, hanyuma ubutware bw’Indilira buhabwa umuhungu we Munyuzanagabo (wa Bicundamabano) ariko na we yaje kunyagwa kubera gukekwaho uruhare mu mahano yo kugamabnira bagenzi be ku rugamba rw’ahitwa ku Mira mu Bushi, hanyuma Indilira zigabirwa Makabuza wa Mukotanyi w’Umwega wo mu Bagagi wari usanzwe yungirije Munyuzangabo wa Bicundamabano, akaba yari atuye i Ngeli ya Nyaruguru. Makabuza wa Mukotanyi na we yaje kunyagwa na Kigeli Rwabugili mu Gushyingo kw’1889 ubwo Kigeli Rwabugili
yajyaga gushinga umurwa we w’i Ngeri mu Nyaruguru aho uriya Mutware Makabuza wa Mukotanyi yari atuye. Umutware Makabuza wa Mukotanyi rero aranyagwa kubera ubupfayongo bwe kuko nyine Umwami Kigeli Rwabugili yageze ku murwa wa Makabuza ahongaho i Ngeri agasanga hari umwanda ukabije cyane, kandi ariho Ingabe Kalinga n’Ingabekazi n’Ibigamba byazo n’Indamutsa ya Rwabugili zagombaga guca iraro mbere y’uko umurwa wa Kigeli Rwabugili wuzura. Nuko rero Umwami Kigeli Rwabugili aravuga ati ese buriya umuntu udashobora no gusukura aho atuye yagirirwa ate icyizere cyo kurindishwa Ingabe? Ese ubundi akwiye icyizere cyo gukomeza kuyobora ingabo kandi na we adashoboye kuyob-
ora urugo rwe ngo arugirire isuku?! Nuko rero Kigeli Rwabugili asanga bigayitse cyane maze amunyaga ubutware bw’Indilira hanyuma bugabirwa umuhungu we (ndavuga umuhungu wa Rwabugili) witwaga Cyitatire, hanyuma na we amaze gusaza haza umuhungu we Ruhigira. Umutware wa nyuma w’Indilira ni Semutwa wa Cyitatire waziyoboye kugeza muri za 1959-60 ubwo amateka rusange y’u Rwanda yasenywaga n’ubutegetsi bw’Abakoloni b’Ababiligi n’abategetsi ba Repubulika ya mbere. Ngurwo uruhererekane rw’Abatware b’umutwe w’ingabo w’Indilira kuva igihe zavukiye ku ngoma ya Cyilima Rujugira kugeza mu mpera z’ingoma ya cyami, ariko urutonde rwbo rugaragara neza mu buryo bukurikira:
Abatware bose bo mu mutwe w’ingabo w’Indilira
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1.
Umutware Muciye wa Yuhi Mazimpaka.
2.
Umutware Sharangabo wa Cyilima Rujugira yaziyoboranye n’inga bo z’Abakemba.
3.
Umutware Milimo wa Sharangabo w’Umusharangabo nyine.
4.
Umutware Nyirabitorwa wa Mafuku.
5.
Umutware Semugeshi wa Milimo wa Sharangabo w’Umusharangabo.
6.
Umutware Runihangabo wa Semugeshi wa Milimo w’Umusharangabo.
7.
Umutware Rutambuka rwa Semugeshi wa Milimo, na we w’Umusharangabo.
CULTURE 8.
Umutware Bicundamabano bya Mutara Rwogera.
9.
Umutware Mukotanyi wa Rugagi w’Umwega wo mu Bagagi.
10.
Umutware Karama ka Barahira w’Umukono.
11.
Umutware Munyuzanagabo wa Bicundamabano bya Rwogera.
12.
Umutware Makabuza wa Mukotanyi wa Rugagi w’Umwega wo mu Bagagi.
13.
Umutware Cyitatire cya Rwabugili.
14.
Umutware Ruhigira rwa Cyitatire cya Rwabugili.
15. Umutware wa nyuma w’Indilira ni Semutwa wa Cyitatire akaba umuvandimwe wa Ruhigira rwa Cyitatire waziyoboye kugeza muri za 1959-60. Ngurwo uruhererekane rw’Abatware b’umutwe w’ingabo w’Indilira kuva igihe zavukiye ku ngoma ya Cyilima Rujugira kugeza mu mpera z’ingoma ya cyami.
Kompanyi zo mu Ndilira n’umutwe w’inka
Kompanyi zo mu mutwe w’ingabo w’Indilira zari enye, kandi n’iyo ugenzuye muri usanga imitwe y’ingabo myinshi yaragiye igira za Kompanyi enye, ariko hakaba n’imitwe usanga yari yagutse cyane ku buryo washoboraga kuyisanagana Kompanyi zirenze enye. Ndetse no muri za Bataillons z’ubu usange bijya kumera bityo. Kompanyi enye zo mu Ndilira rero zari Idinda, In-
dengera, Impama na Kompanyi y’Indilira ubwayo. Naho umutwe w’inka wari ubangikanye n’umutwe w’ingabo w’Indilira witwaga Inyangamuteyi Amateka y’umutwe w’ingabo w’Indilira n’urugamba zarwanye na Mutaga III Sebitungwa w’u Burundi badusigiye urwibutso rw’amazina menshi yo muri Nyaruguru agikoreshwa na magingo aya; Mwiviro rya Kibe-
ho, mu Irasaniro rya Runyinya, mu Muhora w’Indilira, i Cyahinda, Mwiviro rya Cyahinda, i Rwomeka, ku Ruhamagariro, Cyafurwe cy’Indilira, ku Mazatukura, n’ayandi menshi. Inyandiko ya FAIDA Jean Damascène Umushakashatsi n’Umucukumbuzi w’amateka
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Ecole Internationale de Kigali (E.I.K)
HISTORIQUE DU PROJET L’idée d’ouvrir une école est née en 1997 pour répondre aux besoins des parents qui souhaitaient que leurs enfants Suivent des cours en français, alors que les établissements pouvant y répondre étaient limités ou surchargés. Par ailleurs les parents de Kigali n’ont pas le temps de suivre l’étude et les devoirs de leurs enfants à la maison suite à leurs occupations. C’est dans ce cadre que nous avions créé une école répondant à cette preoccupation urgente et prioritaire qu’est l’éducation des enfants. 1. OBJECTIFS - Permettre aux élèves d’atteindre une scolarité optimale au niveau maternelle et primaire. Pour cela avoir un nombre d’élèves n’excédant pas 30 par classe ; - Soulager les mères qui travaillent et mettre leurs enfants à l’abri des violences domestiques particulièrement les petites filles ; - Suivre le programme du Ministère de l’Education Nationale enrichi par d’autres apports débouchant sur l’ouverture sur le monde et former des élèves trilingues parlant Kinyarwanda, Anglais et Français. 2. MISSION - Participer aux objectifs de l’Education Nationale qui est de scolariser les enfants rwandais et ceux résidant aux Rwanda ; - Dispenser une formation d’excellence
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visant une éducation inclusive, équitable et innovante ; - Offrir à nos élèves un cadre adéquat favorisant l’inspiration, la concentration permettant à la fois un meilleur apprentissage et une détente amicale et familiale 3. VISION L’EIK a pour vision d’être une plateforme d’éveil, d’expression et d’épanouissement des talent des jeunes, permettant à ces derniers de developer une identité rwandaise ainsi que de conquérir leur place en tant que citoyen du monde, utile à eux- mêmes, à son pays et au monde. 4. REALISATIONS - Vingt ans après l’ouverture de la section maternelle et primaire de l’Ecole Internationale de Kigali, 18 promotions se sont succédé avec un effectif total de 1027 lauréats. Plus d’une centaine d’entre eux occupent déjà des postes importants, soit au niveau national qu’au niveau
international. - L’école fonctionne dans ses propres bâtiments modernes et bien équipés, avec une capacité d’accueil de 1.000 élèves. - Nous entretenons une bonne collaboration avec les autorités locales par le biais des activités des générosités soutenues par l’école et les parents de nos élèves, aidant notamment les rescapés du génocide, les malades dans les hôpitaux de la place, offrant l’assurance maladie (mutuelle de santé) pour les indigents de notre secteur administratif. - Contribuer à la réduction du chômage en créant des emplois surtout pour les femmes etc. 5. NOS FACILITES POUR L’APPRENTISSAGE 1. Labo d’informatique ; 2. Matériel didactique riche et varié ; 3. Jeux extérieurs modernes pour la maternelle ; 4. Salle de projection pour l’apprentissage audio-visuel des langues, sciences, etc. 5. Accès à l’internet avec WI-FI et Bibliothèque ; 6. Outil de communication avec les parents via Academic Bridge : un canal par lequel l’école échange avec les parents sur la vie scolaire des élèves (bulletins électroniques et autres) ; 7. Enseignants hautement qualifies dans divers domaines avec option éducation ; 8. Disponibilité des bus scolaires ; 9. Petit déjeuner pour la maternelle ; 10. Déjeuner pour les élèves du primaire. 6. ACTIVITES PARA SCOLAIRES - Divers clubs - Danses traditionnelles
Sections: Nursery and Primary Contact: +250788405891/+250782171997 E-mail: ecoleinternkigali@yahoo.com Website: www.ecoleinternationale.rw KIMIHURURA, Intambwe, KG 28 AV No :8
CULTURE
TEMOIGNAGE D’UN PARENT A vous tous parents dont les enfants fréquentent l’Ecole Internationale de Kigali, à vous tous aussi qui désirent y faire inscrire vos enfants, à vous tous enfin qui sont encore dans l’embrras du choix d’une école de vos rêves pour vos bambins, bonjour!
J’ai l’immense joie de vous partager brièvement ce que je ressens au fond de mon coeur concernant les particularités et l’utilité de l’école de mes enfants, l’EIK en sigle. Franchement parlant, si vous désirez une solide et durable fondation pour la scolarité de vos bien aimés enfants,une vraie bonne adresse c’est l’Ecole Internationale de Kigali. Elle constitue un gigantesque et inépuisable grenier du savoir, savoir-faire et savoir-être pour nos enfants. Au juste, je me nomme Thérèse UWAYEZU, mère de cinq enfants et habite à Kimihurura. C’est en tant que mère, comme toutes les bonnes mères, soucieuses du bien-être et du mieuxêtre de leurs enfants, que je vous dévoile la gaité et le bonheur qui ont élu domicile en moi pour ce qui est de l’avenir radieux sur le plan intellectual de mes progénitures. Ecoutez bien. Le brilliant succès dans leurs études découle de la bonne base acquise et consolidée par l’éducation et la formation
reçues à l’EIK. Je me tiens devant vous pour vous confirmer que deux de mes enfants qui poursuivent brillamment leurs études universtitaires, l’un au Canada et l’autre en chine à savoir: RUTAZIGWA Dullen Hernique et RUTAZIGWA GITORE Cédric sont les fruits de l’EIK. C’est ici qu’ils ont acquis les compétences de base qui leur ont permis de bien embrasser leurs études secondaires. Ils ont été dans les écoles à programme international, respectviement à NU-VISION et à GREEN HILLS ACADEMY ici à Kigali. Après leur élogieux passages dans ces deux grandes institutions, ils poursuivent actuellement leur cursus dans les deux universités susmentionnées. Tenez, à l’issue de leurs études primaires en 2009, tous les deux ont été classé dans la première catégorie(Division I) avec mention excellente( Aggregate I) en Maths, Sciences, Etudes sociales et Anglais. Grâce un très bon encadrement éducatif apprécié par tous les parents que bénéficient les élèves de l’EIK, j’étais sûre et certaine que la suite allait bien tourner comme sur des
roulettes russes. Ce fût le cas. Neuf ans après le passage de mes deux fils à l’EIK, me voici de retour à la bonne source à la bonne adresse. Cette fois-ci c’est ma fille cadette qui y est inscrite en quatrième primaire. En dernière analyse, j’ai constaté entant que mère et éducatrice de mes enfants , que les élèves qui étudient et finissent leurs études à l’EIK, s’adaptent avec beaucoup d’aisance dans toutes les grandes categories d’écoles et différents systems éducatifs: ceux qui suivent le programme national tout comme ceux poursuivant le progamme international à l’instar du Cambridge.
En effet dès la première année primaire comme vous le savez, les élèves y apprennent 3 langues: le Kinyarwanda, l’anglais et le français. Ce triliguisme constitue un atout majeur dans leur réussite scolaire. Je ne passerais pas non sous silence la valeur que l’EIK accorde à la culture rwandaise. La bonne image de la qualité et l’excellence de l’Ecole Internationale de Kigali restera à jamais gravée dans ma mémoire et je n’arriverai jamais à enfermer cette splendide réalité au fond de moi même. Je la partagerai toujours, comme je viens de le faire avec vous. Merci beaucoup pour votre amiable attention!
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Inkomoko
Inkomoko z’amazina y’abantu, ibintu n’ahantu Ingangurarugo za Rwabugili. Izina ry’Ingangurarugo za Rwabugili ryaturutse ku matwara y’abana babyirukanye na Sesizoni na we akiri umwana muto, ari we nyine waje kwiyita Rwabugili amaze gukura. Ubwo abana b’Abatutsi n’ab’Abahutu babaga mu rugo kwa Nyiramavugo Nyiramongi nyirakuru wa Rwabugili akaba n’Umugabekazi ku ngoma y’Umwami Mutara Rwogera, abo bana bageraga nko muri mirongo atanu na bane, bakabamo Bisangwa bya Rugombituri ndetse na Mugugu wa Shumbusho bombi b’Abashambo, bakaba nyine barareranywe
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na Sezisoni ari we Rwabugili, nuko baramukeje ngo abahake, kandi nta mugayo uwo Bisangwa bya Rugombituri na Mugugu wa Shumbusho bari bafite ubutoni busesuye kuri Sezisoni. Icyo gihe rero Umugabekazi Nyiramavugo Nyiramongi nyina wa Mutara
Rwogera akaba na nyirakuru wa Sezisoni atuye mu mpinga y’umusozi wa Kaganza ka Muganza, kandi icyo gihe n’Umwami Mutara Rwogera ubwe ni ho na we yari atuye, bivuga nyine ko yari aturanye na nyina Nyiramavugo Nyiramongi. Aho rero niho nyine Sezisoni yakuriye kuko yarerewe kwa nyirakuru. Ikimenyetso cy’igisigaratongo kigihari ni ikivumu cy’imna ya Rusuka rwa Temahagari w’Umucyaba wari umugaragu ukomeye cyane ku ngoma ya Mutara Rwogera n’Umugabekazi Nyiramavugo Nyiramongi, ndetse no ku ngoma ibanza ya Yuhi Gahindiro, akaba
CULTURE nyine yaratuye ahongaho mu mpinga ya Kaganza mu bikari byo kwa Nyiramavugo Nyiramongi. Imana ya Rusuka rwa Temahagari ni iyongiyo ureba ku ifoto (Foto FAIDA J.D, 2019), na magingo aya iracyahari. Nuko rero Sezisoni ahimbazwa n’abo bana Bisangwa bya Rugombituri na Mugugu wa Shumbusho na bagenzi babo babyirukanye nabo, maze arabahaka, akabahakisha inka z’ibyondo bakaziragira mu buryo bwabo bakazibyagiza, bakajya kumasha uruti n’intembe, bakarasa imbeba n’inyoni n’ibindi. Uko bamasha, abahungu b’ibwami bakabitegereza bakabatangarira. Rimwe rero nib wo umugabo Sakufi wa Ngomiraronka w’Umusharangabo yabyatuye mu gitaramo abaratira Umwami Mutara Rwogera, maze aterura agira ati hariya hari abana babana na Sezisoni bazi kurasa bitari nk’iby’abana bandi tumenyereye, ati ndababwiye mubitege muzarebe akabo aho bazakurira! Nuko Umwami Mutara Rwogera yumva ayo magambo ya Sakufi ayabika ku mutima. Kera kabaye rero ba bana bajya ibwami kwa Mutara Rwogera dore ko hari hafi yo kwa Nyiramongi. Ni mu mpinga ya Kaganza nyine,
hagati yo kwa Rwogera no kwa nyina Nyiramongi hanyuragamo gusa imbuga yo ku Karubanda, nuko abo bana bakwumva abakuru barahira Rwogera na ba Sebuja. Rimwe rero Bisangwa bya Rugombituri abaza Sezisoni ati mbese ko abandi barahira ba Sebuja ngo babahaye inka, twebwe na twe ko turi abagaragu bawe tuzakurahira ryari? Abakuru barabasubuza bati muzamurahira ari uko yabonye inka zo kubagabira. Nuko nyine Umwami Mutara Rwogera n’abahungu babigira iby’amaringoshyo barabiseka. Haciye umwanya rero Sezisoni n’abahungu be basubira kwa Nyiramavugo Nyiramongi kuko ari bateraniraga, maze bakigerayo babaza Sezisoni bati ese ko abakuru bavuze ko tuzakurahira watugabiye, inka zo kutugabira uzazikura hehe? Sezisoni ati nzazisaba Abatware ba data Rwogera maze nzibagabire. Bukeye Sezisoni ajyana na bahungu be hakurya kwa Nyilimigabo ya Marara wari Umutware w’Intaganzwa, akaba yari atuye hariya ku Mukingo na Mwanabiri. Ni hakurya gatoya y’i Kaganza ka Muganza, ahantu n’umuntu w’umwana yagenda n’amaguru hatamuvunnye kandi hose ndahazi ubwange narahasuye
inshuro zirenze eshatu. Sezisoni na bagenzi bageze kwa Nyilimigabo ya Marara, aramubwira ati nzanywe no kugusaba inka zo kwihera abahungu bange. Nuko Umutware Nyilimigabo amuha inyana z’ubushyo, ariko Sezisoni azigabiye abahungu be zimubera iyanga zanga kubakwira, hanyuma Sezisoni abwira abacikanywe ati na mwe nzabasabira data Rwogera izanyu maze nzibahe. Abana barashega cyane bati jya kuzimusaba uyu munsi na twe utugabi-
(Foto FAIDA J.D, 2018)
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Inkomoko re. Sezisoni arakimirana ava ku Mukingo na Mwanabiri agaruka i Kaganza kwa se Rwogera ati nje kugusaba inka zo kwihera abagaragu bange kuko izo Nyilimigabo yampaye zitabakwiriye. Umwami Mutara Rwogera abwira Sezisoni ati ese sinabonye ufite inka nyinshi wabagabiye mu zawe? Ubwo nyine yamubwiraga za nka z’ibyondo we na bagenzi be bajyaga babumba. Izo nka z’ibyondo bazibumbaga baragiye mu kibaya cya Nyamigogo kiri mu nsi y’umusozi wa Kaganza, kikaba kitwa Nyamigogo kuko kimanukamo umugezi witwa Nyamigogo uturutse mu Butantsinda bwa Kigo-
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inkiramende naho abandi na bo barasana impiru, nuko ababonye bimwibutsa ba ban aba Sezisoni maze ahita abahamagaza. Baraza n’uduSezisoni araceceka ariko heto twabo, bose barafora agenda arakaye n’abahungu neza maze barashimwa cyane. be, maze ageze imuhira kwa Babashingira uruti baramanyirakuru Nyiramavugo Nyiramongi amuregera Rwogera. sha kandi baruhamya bose maze abakuru birabatangaza Ati ubonye ngo Rwogera bose, ndetse batera n’imyambi musabe inka zo kwihera nyakuri nabwo barashimwa. abagaragu maze ambwire Bigeze mu mashoka y’inka ngo nimbagabire iz’ibyondo! Umwami Mutara Rwogera Nyiramavugo aramubwira ahamagaza inzoga azitereati ihorere mwana wange ka abahungu, abana nabo nzakwihera izawe ubagabire. babazanira ikigage baranyHagati aho Umwami Mutara wa, nuko mu gihe bakinyRwogera ajya ku karubanda asanga aho abahungu bakina wa batangira guhangama nk’uko bisanzwe, bamwe bat- Rwogera bagira bati tubwire era inguta abandi basimbuka igihe uzahera inka Sezisoni zo ma na Muyange, na magingo aya uracyahari, ukaba ari uwonguwo ureba ku ifoto.
CULTURE kurugabira ngo na twe tujye tumurahira! Rwogera arabihorera arinumira. Abakuru na bo bahangama Umwami Mutara Rwogera bati ese ko abana bakubaza ntubasubize biragenda bite? Na we ati ese sinabonye basigaye ari Abakogoto barundutse! Bararebe uwo batera maze bamunyage. Abana barita mu gutwi baricecekera brashyira barataha. Noneho bigira inama yo kujya kwa Murorunkwere yina wa Sezisoni, bagezeyo baramubaza bati ese ko Umwami Mutara Rwogera atubwiye ngo tuzarebe aho inka nyinshi ziri tuzahatere tuzinyage, none ntaho waturangira ngo tuhatere? Murorunkwere ati co nimujye i Ndorwa ni ho haba inka nyinshi. Nuko abana baravugana bati mureke koko tuzatereyo maze tuhanyage inka! Nuko barigendera bajya kurasa imbeba nk’uko basanzwe, bugorobye barahindukira. Mu mahindura bagaruka, umwe muri bo arabwira ati ariko bas ha, ibyo kujya gutera i Ndorwa nitubireke ni kure ahubwo muraze dutere Intarama za Rwogera tuzinyage tutagombye kujya iyo yose. Intarama zari umutwe w’inka wari ubangikanye n’umutwe w’ingabo w’Umurangangoma wa Mutara Rwogera witwaga
Abakwiye kandi ni ko byameraga buri mutwe w’ingabo wagiraga umutwe w’inka bibangikanye. Umugambi rero abana barawunoza. Sezisoni abwira nyirakuru Nyiramavugo ati ngiye gutera kwa data Rwogera munyage inka njya mpabona. Umugabekazi Nyiramavugo Nyiramongi yumvise ayo magambo biramusetsa cyane arakumbagara kuko yumvaga ari amashyengo batabikora, ati ngaho sha genda umutere! Nuko ahita atuma kuri Rwogera ariko byo gutebya nyamara abana bo bari bamaramaje nta mikino, ati erega witegure Sezisoni araguteye n’ingabo ze! Mu gihe bakibiseka babigize iby’abana, iza Sezisoni ziba zisesekaye ku karubanda ibyivugo zirabisukiranya imyambi zirayirekura, ibwami bati erega karabaye! Abana biroha mu Ntarama barazishorera, abashumba birabayobera barajumarirwa, ibwami biba ibisetso bivanze n’urujijo bati izi ngangurarugo turazikika dute? Umwami Mutara Rwogera agiye kubarakarira abagaragu be bati wirakara no wowe waraye ubabwiye ngo aho bazabona inka bazazinyage. Nuko Mutara Rwogera arabatumiza n’inka banyaze arababaza ati ni ko bas ha, ni
iki cyabateye kunyagira inka hari umwenda mbarimo cyangwa muramatse? Baricecekera ntibagira icyo basubiza. Arababwira ati cyo nimurekere ahongaho nigure. Abaha inka zibakwiriye barataha, izisagutse aziha Sezisoni. Nuko abari bateraniye ahongaho bose bati izi ni ingabo nk’izindi nimuzishakire izina. Bamwe bati nta rindi zina ritari Ingangurarugo kuko nta wundi wahangaye kugangura urugo rw’ibwami no kuruteramo intugunda. Nuko izina rifata gutyo rirahama. Aho Sezisoni amariye gukura no kwima Ingoma yiyita Rwabugili irya Sezisoni araryipakurura, atangira kurema imitwe y’ingabo nk’uko na buri Mwami wimye yabigenzaga, maze atangirira nyine kuri izo Ngangurarugo anazigira Umurangangoma we, indi mitwe yose yaremye ikaza isanga Ingangurarugo zabyirukanye na we, hakanagenda nyine hiyongeramo n’abandi basore baje kwinjira mu Ngangurarugo nyuma uko iminsi yahitaga indi igataha. Dore amazina y’abana bose babyirukanye na Sezisoni (Rwabugili) batangije Ingangurarugo n’imiryango bakomokamo.
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Inkomoko
Ingangurarugo nkuru
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CULTURE Maginga aya rero, byanze bikunze hari benshi mu miryango y’Abanyarwanda ba none bakomoka kuri bamwe muri bariya Bakurambere bo mu Ngangurarugo za Rwabugili. Byaba byiza buri wese ashashikishije kumenya niba hari aho yaba ahurira n’ibisekuru by’aba bantu, kandi benshi muri bo n’ubundi bavagamo Abatware bakuru b’Ingangurarugo; nka ba Nyilingango, bwa Rwanyonga rwa Mugabwambere, ba Bisangwa bya Rugombituri, ba Kabare ka Rwakagara n’abandi. Birazwi cyane rero ko Umwami Kigeli Rwabugili yabaye umwe mu Bami bacu b’ibihangange ndetse no mu mahanga baramuzi. Ni we Mwami wagabye ibitero byinshi byo kwagiriza amahanga, kandi ibyo byose yabifashijwemo n’ingabo zikomeye cyane zo mu Ngangurarugo ndetse n’indi mitwe yari ikomeye cyane muri ibyo bihe nka Nyaruguru, Inzirabwoba, Uruyange, Abalima, Abashakamba, Imvejuru, Abarasa, Intaganzwa n’izindi. Ingangurarugo zari intwari cyane nka nyirazo kuko dusanga zaratabaye mu bitero hafi ya byose byo ku ngoma ya Kigeli Rwabugili, nko Mu gitero cya kabiri n’icya
gatatu byo ku Ijwi kwa Kabego kaa Mwendo, igitero cya mbere n’icya kabiri byo mu Bunyabungo kwa Byaterana bya Makombe, igitero cya cya mbere n’icya kabiri byo mu Minova ya Bubandana, igitero cya Rwabugili cyo mu Bishugi mu 1893, n’ibindi n’ibindi. Ingangarurago zari umutwe wagutse cyane kuko ziri mu mitwe yagize amakompanyi menshi, agera muri 7. Kompanyi zo mu Ngangurarugo 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Ingangurarugo Inshozamihigo Ibisumizi Ilityaye Intarindwa Urwiririza Abarashi
Ingangurarugo n’ubundi bavaga muri bariya twavuze ruguru babyirukanye na Sezisoni ari we Rwabugili, cyangwa se byibura ababakomokaho. Ingangurarugo rero kuva zaremwa zayobowe na Nyantaba wa Nyamutezi azifatanya na Nyaruguru, haza Rwanyonga rwa Mugabwambere, hanyuma Kabare ka Rwakagara, Bisangwa bya Rugombituri, hanyuma umuvandimwe we Sehene, Balikage wa Bisangwa bya Rugombituri, Rutambuka rwa Bushaku, umuhungu we Mugemancuro, na we asimburwa n’umuhungu we Muligande ari we Mutware wa nyuma w’Ingangurarugo. Inyandiko ya FAIDA Jean Damascène Umushakashatsi n’Umucukumbuzi w’amateka
Benshi mu Batware bayoboye
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Ngucire Umugani
IMIGANI MIREMIRE
Guca umugani bikorwa nijoro, kuko ngo uciye umugani ku manywa ahinduka umuserebanya ! Hari amagambo yahariwe ku bimbura umugani no kuwusoza Utangira guca umugani agira ati: Mbacire umugani….”. Akawusoza
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agira ati: “Si jye wahera hahera umugani!” Umugani muremure ni umuvanganzo uteye nk’inkuru. Imigani ifatira ku bintu ngirafato: abantu, ibintu, ibikoko, Imana, urupfu,
umuyaga, izuba, …imigani ihimba inkomoko y’ibintu ubusanzwe bidasobanutse (icyatumye imbwa itamera amahembe, icyatumye igikeri kitagira umurizo,…), ikavugisha ibivuga n’ibitavuga. Urigisha cyangwa ukaba
CULTURE ikiganiro. Amazina yo mu migani akenshi yerekeranye n’icyo umugani ugamije . Imigani imwe bayihagikamo agaka karirimbwa. Ngo : “Atavunaguwe ntakwirwa mu ruhago” Mu magambo uvunageye umugani ni umwanzuro w’amarenga y’intekerezo Iyo umugani uciwe ubwa mbere abawumvise ukabanyura, bahora bawusubiramo igihe cyose bashakiye. Umugani ushobora kubika amagambo yo mu gihe waciriwe, n’ubwo mu mvugo isanzwe ayo magambo yaba atagikoreshwa.
Inkuba ikubitiye inyombya ku rukoma Iti: Umugabo ni ugukinga . Umubeshyi w’ikinyoma agize ati: Umuyaga ni igaju, Undi ati: Nahuye n’imbaragasa ya nyiramaningiri iterera ku Karushengura icebe ryayivunnye. Ubusa bwaritse ku manga Umuyaga urabwarurira Agaca karacuranga Uruvu ruravugiriza Nyiramusambi isabagirana inanga Inyenzi yishe umuntu Imbaragasa iramusanga Inyange iramuhanura. Matene yagiye guta nyina mu ruturuturu(mu museso) Nyirarucaca acanira inka ku nama Umwami atetse ijabiro, Nanjye mbacire umugani
Mbacire umugani Mbabambuze umugani N’uzava i Kamugani (cyangwa i Kantarange) Azasange ubukombe bw’umugani Buziritse ku muganda w’inzu . Harabaye ntihakabe Harapfuye ntihagapfe Isoryo iti: iryo ryo! Hapfuye imbwa n’imbeba Isandi iti: nararisanze. Hasigaye inka n’ingoma. Bati: Mununi ko ugira umunwa muremure! Amagambo bavuga Uti: Inzoga y’I Bwami isogonbasoza umugani gererwa kure. Igishwi kinyagiriwe mu Hitamo: ntabire Si jye wa hera hahera umuKiti : Uku si ukwihezura ni gani ugutema.
Si jye wa hera impyisi Si jye wa hera intare Si jye wa hera umugome Si jye wa hera umubisha,….
Kirazira guca umugani ku manywa: Umuntu uca umugani ku manywa ahinduka umuserabanya Impamvu bavuga ko ahinduka umuserebanya ni uko umuntu uca imigani ku manywa aba ari imbura-mukoro, nk’umuserebanya ubyuka wota akazuba baba rero bacyebura bati : “Uramenye ujye ubyukira ku murimo”. Nta muntu wicira umugani ,umuntu uca umugani ni umuntu utagira inabi ,ni umuntu uhorana umucyo ,amenya ku ganiriza abandi, byarimba akabaririmbira, akabanezeza, akabacira umugani ugana akariho, maze abamwumva ntibamuve iruhande. Abakunda guca imigani, bahorana indoro nziza n’imvugo nziza,bazira kugira umutima usobetse amaganya. Abakunda guca imigani, baravuga bakavugisha n’abatavugaga; banga kuvuga akabaririrmbira, akabasetsa bagaseka.
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Ngucire Umugani
IMANA NA NGERAGEZE Kera habayeho umuntu akitwa Ngerageze . Yasanze sekuru akiriho . Mu mabyiruka ye yasanze iwabo badafite amahirwe ; barahingaga ntibeze bahakwa ntibagabane . Nawe ubwe biza kumugendekera bityo. Ariko yafashe igihe abonye atagabanye yisubirira iwabo asanga kwa se na sekuru inzara inuma. Aza kwihererana nyina aramubaza ati: Wowe wabaye aha cyera nta cyo sogokuru cyangwa data bapfuye n’Imana? Nyina aramuhakanira . Noneho ajya kubaza se ati: Nabaho sindabona Imana . Ngerageze bimwanga mu nda ajya kubaza sekuru asanga aryamye . Yegera urwuririro aramuhanuza ati: “Hari icyo nkubaza”. Nta cyo mwapfuye n’Imana? Sekuru aramusubiza ati: Umva mwana wanjye naravutse nsanga abantu bavuga Imana y’i Rwanda, ariko sindayica iryera. Habe n’umunsi n’umwe. Ngerageze arumirwa arataha. Bukeye mu gitondo ajishura umuheto wa se n’umutana w’imyambi ayisohoramo ayishyira mu kirimbi ,akubita mu bitugu. Arasohoka ageze hanze ahamagara se ati: “Murabeho ndagiye ariko nzagaruka cyera”. Ngiye kureba aho Imana iri.” A kiva mu rugo arenze umuharuro abona Imana yihinduye umuga-
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bo , na we afite ikirimbi mu bitugu n’umuheto. Ngerageze aramwirukankira aramushyikira . aramusuhuza ati: Uraho wa mugabo we?” Undi ati: “Uraho nawe.” Ngerageza ati: “ese uragana hehe?” Umugabo ati: “Ndeka yewe! Ndajya kwanjwa .” Undi ati: “ Uranjwa mu biki?” Umugabo ati: Mbigutekerereje ntaho twajya.” Ngerageze ati: “Pfa kumbwira mu magambo make.”Undi ati: “Naravutse nsanga data na sogokuru ari abacyene, ntako ntagerageje ngo mbukire ariko buranga buranyokama. None ubu ikingenza ni ukujya gushaka Imana ngo nyibaze icyo yaduhoye cyangwa nyiroheho ahubwo duhwane.” Ngerageze ku mutima ati: “Si urwumwe!” Araterura ati: “Wa mugabo we nanjye ni cyo cyanzinduye”. Uko undeba uku ntafite shinge na rugero ni na kondata na sogokuru bimereye.” Bemera gushakira hamwe Imana bafatanya urugendo . Uwo mugabo abaza mugenzi we ati: “Witwa nde?” Undi ati: “Wowe se? “ Uwo mugabo ati: “Manirarora.” Baragenda ,barara nzira bwije Ngerageze abaza Manirarora ati: “Ese niduhura n’Imana tuzay-
ibwirwa n’iki? “ Undi ati: “Hari uwayibonye ,maze angereraniriza uko isa.” Igihe umuseke utambitse , Manirarora ati: Ngiye mu gicucu.” Undi ati: ndakurinda . Maniraro ageze hirya yihindura intare , agaruka atontoma . Ngerageze ayikubise amaso ariruka . Intare iramugereka iramufata iramugaragura ariko ntiyamurya . Ibonye yaguye igihumura ahinduka Manirarora. Afata Ngerageze aramubyutsa aramubyutsa ,ati: “Ukanzwe n’iki?” Ngerageze ati: “Hora hora!” Intare yari inyishe nkijijwe n’Imana . Manirarora ati: Ese irigitiye he? Undi ati: Sinamenya. Manirarora ati: Cyo subira imuhira, ntawarwanya Imana . Ariko nugerayo ishya wifuzaga urarisanga. Nuko umugabo aramuheba. Ngerageze inzira ayirira kuyimara. Ageze imuhira asanga umudendezo ,amashyo y’inka n’undi mukiro utavugwa, ari kwa se ,ari kwa se kuru. Bati : Ni koko Mana ni wowe ugaba kandi ukwambarije ku ishyiga umusiga ivu!” Sijye wa hera hahera umugani! Inka iti: mbaa Nti : Kura dukurane mwana w’Imana.
CULTURE
INYUNGURAMAGAMBO Mu mabyiruka ye: Mu mikurire ye Inzara iranuma: inzara irabica,hari inzara nyinshi Urwuririro: aho buririra bajya kurutara,ku buriri Sindayica iryera : sindayibona,iryera ni cya gice cy’ijisho cyera Ajishura umuheto: amanura umuheto aho wari ujishe Ntibavuga kumanuka umuheto, bavuga kuwujisha (kimwe n’igisabo). Umutana: aho bashyira imyambi Ikirimbi: igitembo batwaramo imyambi Ndajya kwanjwa: Ndajya gukora ubusa kuko sinzi ko icyo nshaka nkigeraho. Buranyokama: burankurikirana,ntibwamvaho Nyiroheho duhwane: nyihambeho dupfe twembi Ndafite shinge na rugero: nta na busa mfite(singira n’urwara rwo kwishima) Igihe umuseke utambitse: bugiye gucya Iramugerekana: iramwirukankana Yaguye igihumure:yagize ubwoba,atakinyeganyega, asa n’uwapfuye. Irigitiye he?: igiye he? Iburiye he? Ishya : amahirwe menshi Arira inzira ku yimara: arihuta cyane
IMIGANI Y’IMIGENURANO Imigani y’imigenurano icibwa mu biganiro cyangwa se mu mpaka no mu manza, kugira ngo ishyigikire cyangwa ishimangire igitekerezo cyangwa ingingo , imigani migufi ivugitse mu mvugo ngufi kandi inoze, igaragaza mu buryo bw’incamarenga igitekerezo umuntu aba adashaka kwerura . Abo awuciriye nibo bifind-
urira icyo awuciriye. Ingero : Buhurihuri bwa Buhwikuri anyereye mu mase yikubita mu mabyi ati: “Isi yamparurutswe nanjye ngahata inzira ibirenge”. Bukorikori bwa Nzikoraho yakubise ibuye inkoni ngo arebe ko riboze,….
Bene iyi migani y’imigenurano akenshi iba ifitanye isano n’amwe mu mabango y’ibisigo cyangwa uturingoshyo tw’abasizi : Bihuje imvugo inoze , ngufi kandi ifubitse igitekerezo.
Ku ikubitiro imigani y’imigenurano tugiye kubagezaho ni imigani ivuga ku Mana ikaba inatwereka uko abakurambere bacu bumvaga cyangwa batekerezaga Imana. Imana yirirwa ahandi igataha i Rwanda Imana iraguha ntimugura iyo muguze iraguhenda Imana ikunanurira itakweretse icebe Imana iguha nk’iguhorera ikakwima nk’iguhora inzigo Imana y’inka iba ku iriba Imana y’imbwa ni akaguru Iyakaremye niyo ikamena Imana iboneka mu manga Icyo uzarya Imana irara igishaka
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Ngucire Umugani
IBIRARI BY’INSIGAMIGANI Irizina rigizwe n’amagambo abiri ariyo “ikirari n’insigamigani” ubundi umugani ni umwanzuro w’amarenga . Ijambo ikirari rivuga inkomoko y’aho ikintu cyanyuze kigana aha n’aha ;ibirari rero bikaba bivuga amayira abakomotseho amagambo yabaye imigani banyuzemo igihe iki n’iki, ku buryo ubu n’ubu, bigenze bitya na bitya bikaba bitya ni bitya. Naho insigamigani ,ni abantu babaye abagenuzi b’imigani ubwabo cyangwa imvano zayo; kimwe n’ibindi rubanda bagenuriyeho bakabigira iciro ryayo.
Ingero z’abantu babaye insigamigani nyirizina: Burya na Buno bene Rugomwa ati: “Burya si Buno Kabeba k’Umuhoryo bati: “Nta mutware uba Kabeba”.
Miseke ndarwana”. Izindi nibidukundira nabo tuzabagezaho ni insigamigani nyitiriro ari zo rubanda bagenuriyeho bakabigira iciro ry’imigani ; Impyisi iti: “Harya ko kuvuga ari ugutaruka,nka musheru iriya ipfana iki na mutamu?” Inyombya yahagaze kwa Rugaju iti: “Mbateye akari aha?” Igikeri bati: “Utahe n’intashya!” Kiti: “Ngenze nte n’ibiguruka”. Mukunzi w’insigamigani niba iyo twaguteguriye warayisomye cyangwa warayibwiwe ngo : “Amagambo aryoha asubiwemo”. Ikirenze kuri ibyo kandi twatekerejeko utageze aho yabereye niyo mpamvu INTITI MAGAZINE tuzajya tukugira ahakomotse izo nsigamigani maze tukuzanire inkuru mpamo iherekejwe n’amafoto y’aho byabereye.
INTUMWA Ingero z’ababaye IRARABIRWA abagenuzi b’insigami- NTIYICWA! gani Uyu mugani bawucira ku Yuhi Gahindiro ati: “Ak’imuhana kaza imvura ihise.” Miseke w’i Nyabimata ati: “Naho
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muntu ujyanye ubutumwa aho acyenga ; nibwo bamumara ubwoba bagira ,bati”Genda humura intumwa irarabirwa
ntiyicwa!’ Wakomotse kuri Mutaga Semwiza,Umwami w’I Burundi ,ashaka gukiza intumwa y’i Rwanda yari yoherejwe gutukanayo; ahayinga umwaka w’i 1700. Ubwo hari ku ngoma ya Cyirima Rujugira ,maze atuma ku mugabekazi w’i Burundi nyina wa Mutaga ; amutumaho amutuka ngo aragatwara inda y’indaro. Dore ko Umugabekazi yagombaga kwirinda abagabo kugira ngo atazatwara inda. Iyo yayitwaraga yitwaga inda y’indaro. Ubwo rero ntabe akibayeho ,akaba akwiye gupfa nk’uko ibinyendaro bindi byicwaga. Ariko ntiyoherwaga yicwaga mu bundi buryo bw’ibanga. Ubwo butumwa bw’ibitutsi, Cyirima yari yabutegetswe na se Yuhi Mazimpaka . ari ku Ijuru rya Kamonyi , ngo yaharwariye amakaburo (ibisazi by’umwami). Ndetse ngo hari n’ubwo yishe umwana we Musigwa , amwikanzemo umujura. Amaze ku mwica ahimba igisigo kitwa ngo : Singikunda ukundi , ibyo nkunze birankuka bikigira gukungika iyo,… Ni uko iyo nkuru mbi isakara mu Rwanda igera n’i Burundi . Nyiramutaga Nyirabazoza Umugabekazi w’i Burundi ayumvise aranezerwa cyane. Aho Yuhi Mazimpaka amenyeye ko Nyiramutaga yishimiye
CULTURE
Africa Improved Foods Rwanda Limited Tel: (+250) 788 389 516 / 1717 E-mail: info@africaimprovedfoods.com Web: www.africaimprovedfoods.com
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Ngucire Umugani amakaburo ye byatumye yiyicira umwana . Biramubabaza cyane , bituma nawe amwifuriza icyago cy’urukozasoni. Yararebye rero asanga ikibi yamwifuriza ari uko yatwara inda ,akaba ahindutse ihumnane kandi yari umupfasoni. Aho Rujugira yimiye ingoma asanga hari inshingano agomba gukora yo guhorera se Yuhi Mazimpaka akamutukira Nyiramutaga Nyarabazoza, ati: “Uragatwara inda y’indaro”! Ni uko biba aho ,kugeza ubwo Rujugira yibutse inshingano ze atuma umuntu witwaga Mukene wa Nkono , ati: “ Jya i Burundi maze uzantukire Nyiramutaga Nyirabazoza “. Uti: “ Uragatwara inda y’indaro!” Undi ati: “Nimutuka azanyica”. Rujugira ati: Humura nashaka ku kwica abandi bazamubuza .” Mukene aremera aragenda. Ageze ku karubanda aravunyisha, ati: Nzanye ubutumwa bwa Cyilima yantumye ku Mugabekazi”. Nyiramutaga abyumvise yibwira ko ari ubutumwa bwiza , aramuhamagaza. Mukene ageze aho ari aramuramya. Birangiye aramubwira, ati: “Umwami Cyilima yakuntumyeho, ngo “Uragatwara inda y’indaro”. Yooo! Bobobobo! Nyiramutaga yumvise icyo gitutsi si ugusara; arasara arasizora, ararkara byica inka. Ategeka ko baboha uwo munyarwanda bakamujyana kumwi-
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ca. Baramufata , baramuboha, baramushorera bamujyana mu rwiciro. Bageze hirya y’akarubanda bahura na Mutaga. Mukene aramutakira, ati:”Nyagasani ndenganura ndarenganye”. Mutaga aramuhamagaza, ati: “Ni ibiki?” Undi, ati: “Umwami w’u Rwanda yantumye ku Mugabekazi Nyiramutaga , none maze kumubwira ubutumwa natumwe ategeka ko bamboha bakanyica!” ati: Ubwo wowe uwo watuma yanze kukuvugira ubutumwa n’uko yitwa. Undi arabumubwira ni uko yitwa. Undi arabumubwira; ati: “ Kandi nitwa Mukene wa Nkono”. Ni uko Mutaga abaza abahawe uwo muntu ,ati: “Uyu munyarwanda ibyo avuze niko biri koko?” Bati:”Ntakubeshya ni ko byagenze koko”. Mutaga amufata ukuboko ,amujyana aho umugabekazi ari ; aramubaza ati: “Uyu munyarwanda arazira iki? Umugabekazi ati: “Arazira ko yantutse “. Amubwira n’igitutsi yatumwe kumuta. Mutaga ati: Intumwa irarabirwa ntiyicwa”!We yasohozaga ubutumwa”.Ni ukuvuga ko intumwa yavugaga ijambo ribabaji cyane byatuma umutima umutima umererwa nabi bimeze nko kurabirana, ariko ntibe yarizira. Ati: “Niba ubabajwe n’igitutsi Cyirima yagututse , aho kwica intumwa ye na we mutuke ariko ureke umunyarwanda yigen-
dere!” Yungamo ati: Witondere iby”uyu muntu, numvise ko yitwa Mucyene wa Nkono!” Ati : “Mbe none Cyirima yaba yamwohereje urwenzo ngo ni tumwica ubucyene bw’inkono butere u Burundi?”Ariko kuvuga ngo tuzaterwe n’amapfa, u Burundi bwe gushyira inkono ku ziko. Ati: “Mbese ye, aho uzi neza ko Abanyarwanda bazi ubwenge!” Mutaga amaze kuvuga ayo magambo, Nyiramutaga Nyirabazoza ashira uburakari, Mukene akira atyo agaruka mu Rwanda. Ngo “Umuntu asiga ikimwiruka ntasiga ikimwirukamo!”Nyamara n’ubwo Nyiramutaga Nyirabazoza yababajwe n’icyo gitutsi,nyuma byaje ku muhama atwara inda koko. Hashize nk’igihe cy’umwaka nyuma ya bwa butumwa,Nyiramutaga Nyirabazoza atangira kugira irari ryo gushaka umugabo baryamana. Hakaba umunyarwanda wari waracikiye i Burundi witwaga Bicura bya Rwaka rwa Mazimpaka. Yari mwiza kandi akaba n’intwari cyane, Umwami Mutaga n’Umugabekazi n’abarundi bakomeye bose bakamukunda. Bakamusingiza bavuga ngo:”Ni Serutagoma Nzobe ikeye mu miheto, umwana Kalinga yabyaye,Karyende ikabyirura”. Nuko bwa bushyugumbwa bwa Nyiramutaga bwo kuryamana n’umugabo bukomeje kumwokera atumiza Bicura, ati: “Mumubwire atebuke aze
CULTURE kundamya”. Intumwa ihamagara Bicura ; na we yitaba vuba. Umugabekazi amurabutswe aheza abakazana be n’abandi bari kumwe;ati: “Nimumbise hari icyo nshaka kwibariza Serutagoma”.Bose barasohoka bigira mu gikari. Umugabekazi asigarana na Bicura. Bibera iyoooo!Uwo munsi ntihagira undi wongera kubonana na Nyiramutaga . Ubutoni bwa Bicura bukomeza ubwo . Bagiye ku bona, babona Nyiramutaga inda ni nyarwege. Rubanda batangira kubihwihwisa. Imaze kugaragara,Mutaga yihererana Abiru n’Abaganwa baganira ku by’Umugabekazi. Umwami ati: “ Numvise ko Umugabekazi afite inda,none murabitekerezaho iki?”Bati:”Niba ayifite koko akwiye agatanga(agapfa). Mutaga ati: “Yanze kunywa byagenda bite?”Bati:”Twakuzuza amata y’inshyushyu mu kibumbiro maze tukayamushyiramo akamira nkeri;ni bwo umuvumo we utagira icyo utwara u Burundi;kuko ari rwo rupfu rukwiye Umugabekazi”. Bemeza ibyo. Bahanga ikibumburi barakibumbira n’ibumba baragitunganya. Bukeye habaho itegeko ngo: “Inka zose zo mu Burundi zikamwa zizabyukurukira ibwami”.Zimaze guterana barazinikiza barazikama;amata zihumuje bayabuganiza muri cya kibumbiro. Kimaze kuzura ,bashuka Umugabekazi, bati:”Ngwino tukwereke ukuntu
u Burundi bufite inka nyinshi”. Araza ahagarara hejuru y’ikibumbiro cyuzuye amata aritegereza. Baramubaza bati:”Hari ubundi wigeze ubona amata yuzuye ahantu hangana hatya?” ati: “Oya”. Bamwe bakomeza kumwogereza ko u Burundi butunze inka nyinshyi ariko bamuresaresa ; abandi bamuturuka inyuma bamusunikira muri icyo kibumbiro agwa mu mata baramucubiza amira nkeri. Baramurekura aruburuka. Akizibirinwa avuma umuhungu: Mutaga n’u Burundi bwe: Ariko mu mwanya wo kuzana amacandwe hakaza amata, Yavuma ,bati:”Amata menshi mu Burundi Nyiramutaga”. Bakongera bakamucubiza. Yongera gusoma, bakamurekura akuburuka,akongera kuvumana abavundereza amata. Nabo bati: “Amata menshi mu Burundi Nyiramutaga”. Nuko bakomeza kumwinika mu mata kugeza igihe amwuzuriye
mu nda arishagara (arahwera). Amaze gutanga rero, umuhungu we Mutaga ashaka kumenya uwateye nyina inda. Bamubwira ko uri Serutagoma (Bicura bya Rwaka rwa Mazimpaka). Mutaga ati: “Nawe agomba gupfa”. Ubwo Bicura ntiyari ahari. Inshuti ze zumvise iryo jambo zijya kumuburira arahunga agaruka mu Rwanda imavuko;ati: “Nibashaka babe ari bo banyica”. Ariko amahirwe ye n’uko yageze mu Rwanda agasanga abatasi baravuze ibye ,bavuga ko ari we washoje ikifuzo cya sekuru Mazimpaka, agashyira u Burundi mu makiliralira. Bituma yakirwa neza. Ngiyo inkomoko y’uwo mugani bacira ku muntu woherejwe mu butumwa bw’aho akenga, yahukwa hukwa, bati: “Humura intumwa irarabirwa ntiyicwa”. Kurabira umuntu: Kumusonera. Icyo twakongeraho ni uko kurabira umuntu mu Kirundi ari ukumuzimanira.
Ahantu ndangamateka/umurwa wa Yuhi Musinga mu Gakenyeri
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Nguhugure
Igiti
gisa n’inyama y’umuntu, Igisigaratongo ku misezero y’Abagabekazi Imana ya Nyirabazoza Ni aha rero ku musozi wa Rutabo rwa Nkanda mu Buyenzi, ahahoze umurwa wa Mutaga III Sebitungwa w’u Burundi ubwo hari hataraba ah’u Rwanda kuko hagaruwe na Cyilima Rujugira kuri iyo ngoma ya Mutaga III Sebitungwa. Yari atuye ku musozi wa Rutabo rwa Nkanda ureba kuri iyo foto, akaba yari afite Umugabekazi witwaga Nyiramutaga Nyirabazoza na we akaba yari atuye hafi aho kuri icyo giti cy’umuvumu ndetse hari n’umuko ari wo murinzi, bakaba bari baturanye. ahongaho ku musozi wa Rutabo hafi ya Nkanda. Aho hombi ubu ni mu Murenge wa Busanze mu Karere ka Nyaruguru. Ubwo twari twahasuye dushakisha amateka y’urupfu rwa Mutaga III Sebitungwa wishwe n’ingabo z’u Rwasabahizi za Rutanda rwa Ntara, ariko yo tuzayagarukaho mu nkuru zacu zitaha, twahasanze igiti kidasanzwe ari cyo kiriya ureba kuri iyo foto.
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Nk’uko na we ubyirebera ku ifoto, kiriya giti ni igiti gikomeretswa kigakomereka nk’umuntu kuko iyo ugikomerekeje usanga gifite umubiri umeze nk’inyama y’umubiri w’umuntu wakomeretse; irebere nawe kuri iyo foto: Abantu baho bacyita igiti kiva amaraso. Nta muntu n’umwe mubatuye aho twasanze ibi biti hose urabasha kutubwira izina ryacyo nyakuri. Urareba ko hamwe twagifotoye cyose uko cyakabaye naho ku yindi foto twagifotoye twamaze ku gikomeretsa dushaka kureba uruhu rwacyo rudasanzwe. Abantu baho baragikonda ntibatuma gikura, naho ubundi ni igiti gikura kikaba inganzamarumbo, abaho bavugako ari igiti cyameze aho Umugabekazi Nyiramutaga Nyirabazoza yarigitiye ngo yanga gufatwa mpiri n’ingabo z’Urwasabahizi, ariko amakuru nyayo ni ayo tumaze kubabwira muri iyi nsigamigani : “Intumwa irarabirwa ntiyicwa”. Ni igiti bateye mu kibumbiro cy’amata aho banyweshereje Nyirabazoza,
n’uko apfira muri icyo kibumbiro anyweshejwe, hanyuma bahatera kiriya giti maze bacyita imana ya Nyirabazoza ni ubu ni ryo zina ryacyo. Gusa kuba cyitwa imana ya Nyirabazoza bijyanye n’ayo mateka gihagarariye ari ntabwo ariryo zina ryacyo. Icyadutangaje kurushaho cya kiriya giti, ni uko twakunze no kugisanga ku misezero ya bamwe mu Bagabekazi bacu mu
CULTURE Rwanda, kandi aho twagisanze hose nta n’umwe washoboye kutubwira izina ryacyo . Abahanga mu by’ubumenyi bw’ibiti bazadukorere mu ngata. Nk’uko ubibona no kuri aya mafoto yandi twakuye ku misezero y’Abagabekazi, urabona rwose ko ibi biti ari bimwe n’imana ya Nyirabazoza. Iki twagisanze ku musezero wa Nyiramavugo Nyirakabogo muka Ruganzu Ndoli akaba nyina wa Mutara Semugeshi Muyenzi mu Bufundu. Ni mu Mudugudu wa Munombe, Akagari ka Kigeme, Umurenge wa Gasaka Akarere ka Nyamagabe. Twabibonye rero ubwo twari twasuye umurwa wa Ruganzu Ndoli wo ku Kigeme ahitwa ku Mwugariro no ku itongo ry’umugaragu we Rusenge wamwiyahuriye. Ibiti nk’ibingibi nanone twabisanze ku misezero ya ba Yuhi y’i Kayenzi ka Mugenda mu Busigi ubwo twari twahasuye dukuriye nyine amateka y’imisezero yaho. Mu mpinga y’umusozi wa Kayenzi hari icyayaya kinini cyane kirimo urwunge rw’imisezero y’Abami b’umuriro ari bo ba Yuhi. Hatabajwe rero Yuhi Gahima, Yuhi Mazimpaka na Yuhi Gahindiro. Kubera ko akenshi iyo Umugabekazi yatangaga yagombaga gutabazwa aho umugabo we yatabajwe, ariko ntibyari ihame ridakuka, byatumye rero na Nyiracyilima Kirongoro muka Yuhi Mazimpaka akaba nyina wa Cyilima Rujugira yaratabajwe i Kayenzi ka Mugenda mu Busigi kugira ngo nyine asange umugabo we Yuhi Mazimpaka. Ubwo
twari twahasuye rero twageze ku musezero wa Nyiracyilima Kirongoro maze na ho tuhasanga igiti nka cya kindi cyo ku Kigeme kwa Nyiramavugo Nyirakabogo ndetse na cya kindi cyo kwa Nyiramutaga Nyirabazoza. Ab’i Kayenzi na bo batubwiye ko batazi izina ryacyo. Ngaho irebere na we ku mafoto urebe ko bitameze kimwe ! Ahangaha ku misezero y’i Kayenzi ka Mugenda ni mu Mudugudu wa Murambi, Akagari ka Nyirabirori, Umurenge wa Tumba mu Karere ka Rulindo. Ibi biti rero bifite uruhu rusa n’inyama y’umuntu byaradutangaje cyane kandi twasanze bifite icyo bihuriyeho cyo ko biri mu misezero y’Abagabekazi b’ahantu hatandukanye cyane, kandi bo mu bihe bitandukanye cyane, ari nayo mpamvu twashimye ko aya mateka twabonye mu ngendo zacu z’ubushakashatsi bw’amateka twayasangiza abasomyi. Hafi ahongaho hari n’ahitwa kwa Nyiramavugo kuko Nyiramavugo Nyirakabogo yahatuye ku ngoma y’umugabo we Ruganzu Ndoli. Ruganzu Ndoli na we yarahaciye kuko ari naho haramvuriwe Ingabe ye Kalinga bikozwe na Minyaruko ya Nyamikenke na we ukomoka ahongaho mu Busigi. Twabonye aho yari atuye kandi twabonanye n’Abasindi b’Abasigi bo muri iyo miryango yo kwa Minyaruko ya Nyamikenke ndetse haracyaba n’ibisigisigi by’ivubiro ry’Abavubyi bo mu Busigi.
Twabonye byinshi by’amateka byashimisha abakunzi bayo, tuzakomeza kugenda tubazanira inkuru zabyo n’ibimenyetso, kandi ubushakashatsi burakomeje. Tubungabunge umurage w’amateka, kandi utazi iyo ava ntamenya iyo ajya.
Byegeranijwe na FAIDA Jean Damascène na KANYANDEKWE Jean Pierre Abacukumbuzi n’abashakashatsi b’umurage w’amateka
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Nguhugure
IREMWA RY’INGOMA Kera mu Rwanda ndetse no mu bihugu bidukikije nk’uko tubicyesha P. Gasipari SIMPENZWE mu gitabo yise “Ingoma i Rwanda ” ingoma yari ikintu kizwiho agaciro kanini cyane. Ingoma yari nkuru mu gihugu ikaba indanga bwami, ikagira uruhare mu mihango no mu miterekero, ikagira uruhare mu mibanire y’Abami na rubanda,ikagara n’uruhare mu mitegekere y’igihu; igakiza umunyagasani, igaca umugome, igatanga umuhanya. Umwami yimaga ingoma bati: “….Dore ingoma so yakuraze Igutsindire amahanga yose Adatura Umwami w’i Rwanda Bati : “Uzayemera”? Umwami ati : “Nzayemera” Bati :“Ikizayitera uzayirwanira” ? At ikizayitera nzayirwanira Bati “Ibikugombye uzayivira uzayigwira” ? Ati nzaayiviira nzaayigwira Ni uko bakayimuhereza Ku bibero bye No mu biganza bye Bati n’iyawe yakiire Umwami yatanga bakabikira ingoma bati: “ Shobuja yatanze ariko uhumere tuzagushumbusha”
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Umusizi nawe ati: “Ingoma ntigira umunyina Ikamira umuhire Uwo amatwi yahiriye Agakamisha u Rwanda”. Izatuzinduye kubabwira uyu munsi ni “Ingoma z’imivugo” zadutse mu Rwanda ku ngoma y’Umwami Cyirima Rugwe, zadukanywe n’umunyamahanga w’umutoro RWAMUHAMA. Umutagara w’ingoma z’Imivugo ugirwa n’amoko ane y’ingoma Ishakwe,Inyahura Inumvu, Ibihumurizo, Inumvu n’Inumbiri.
Ingoma ziremwa mu biti bikomeye kandi bishobora kwivugiza no kurangira, biba mu mashyamba kimeza ya Gishwati na Rukuzi na Mishashi. Ibiti by’ishyamba bibera ingoma ni Imivugangoma nyine, Imyungo, Imitaba n’Imyifuzo,... Igiti baragitsinda kikagwa, bakagicamo ingeri z’urugero rw’ingoma bafuza. Za ngeri barazibazura bakazihinguranya nk’uruhombo, rugizwe n’igituza n’indibaso, n’uruhanga bakubiraho uruhu babanje kwinika rugasoma. Uruhu ruregwa n’imigozi barusobekaho isanganije igi-
tuza cyose; uruhu rw’indibaso n’urw’uruhanga rugasa n’urushashe ku ndibaso no mu ruhanga. Nyuma ingoma bayisusurutsa ku kazuba, yamara gushira ubukana yashyushye, bakajya bayikomaho umurishyo byo kuyogosha, yamara gutora ikarangira. Ubundi ingoma mbere yo gusuka zibanza zikoswa ku gicaniro cyazo; zamara kwoswa zasusurutse zikabona kuvuga. Ariko iyo yarenze bazosa nazo zirarenga zikavugira mu majwi akaraza, nk’uko iyo zitoshejwe zivugira mu majwi abomborana nk’igihuguhugu. IBAZA RY’INGOMA ICYO IKORWAMO Ingoma igizwe n’igiti n’uruhu . Igizwe n’igiti kigegennye neza kandi gitoboye mu nda n’uruhu rutwikiriye impande zombi ni ukuvuga urunga n’isembe, zihuzwa n’imikoba igenda ikurura inyuma mu ntoboro zazo kandi ikaba ikuruye bihagije kugira ngo izo mpu zirege koko. Uruhanga: Rugizwe n’uruhu rwuzuye, rureze cyane ari naho umukaraza akubita imirishyo iyo avuza. Urutsike: Urutsike ni umuguno w’uru-
CULTURE hanga. Umukurikizo: Umukurikizo ni umukoba utambitse ugiye usobetse mu mikoba ihagaritse ari nayo ikurura impu z’uruhanga n’isembe kugira ngo uyifate yoye gusubira inyuma. Igisoro: Igisoro ni umukoba wa kabiri nawo utambitse kandi usobetse mu mikoba ihagaritse nawo bakaba bawushyiraho kugira ngo ya mikoba ihagaritse irusheho gukomera yoye gusubira inyuma. Amatwi y’ingoma :
mikoba ifatamo kugira ngo ingoma irusheho kurega. Imiremo yo kurema ingoma Iyo bajya kurema ingoma babanza kurambagiza igiti bagishima bakagitema, bakakigegena, hanyuma bakakiramvura. Imiri-
mo yo kukiramvura igera hagati bakayihagarika kugira ngo kibanze gihore, gikamukemo amazi. Iyo kimaze guhora hataho imirimo yo kukinogereza. Ibikoresho mu kuramvura umuhimba
1. Ni utugata tubiri bashyira munsi y’urutsike tugafatwa n’umukurikizo n’igisoro; ayo matwi niyo bashyiramo imirishyo igihe batavuza ingoma. Ukuboko: Ukuboko niko bifashisha iyo baterura ingoma. Kugizwe n’umukoba muremure ufashe ku mukurikizo n’igisoro byo munsi y’uruhanga no ku gisoro cyo ku isembe. Uwo mukoba bawuranda (bawuziringiraho), undi mu buryo butambitse kugira ngo urusheho gukomera kandi woye kujya uryana mu ntoki igihe bateruye ingoma. Indibaso n’icyahi: Indibaso ni uruhu rwa mbere bashyira ku isembe bakarukurikizaho icyahi ari nacyo ya
Umuhimba (P. Simpenzwe Gaspard,foto 1992)
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Nguhugure
GUTORANYA URUHU NO GUTEGURA IMIKOBA n’urwa mbere. Iyo barwinuye barukatamo ibyahi(icyo mu ruhanga n’icyo ku isembe). Gukata birangiye, hakurikiraho guca amaso ku byahi. Iyo iyo mirimo irangiye, hakurikiraho kurema ingoma koko!
Uko kurema kurimo ibice bitatu:
1. Gushyira ku muhimba ibyahi. Iyo ibyahi bigeze mu mwanya wabyo bafata imikoba bakayicisha muri ya maso baciye imbere bagenda bakurura.
Iyo bagiye kurema ingoma batoranya uruhu rw’inka y’ijigija cyangwa urw’imfizi kuko ari zo zikomeye(uruhu rw’inyana cyangwa ikimasa gito ntirurema ingama kuko ruba rworoshye). Urwo ruhu iyo bamaze kurutoronya barwinika mu mugezi rukamara mumazi amasaha 12 ni ukuvuga kuva inka zitaha(saa kumi n’ebyiri za nimugoroba) kugeza inka zahuka (saa kumi n’ebyiri za mu gitondo), maze bakarwinura. Iyo bamaze kurwinura barukatamo imikoba maze bakayibamba kugira ngo irambuke kandi yume. Iyo imaze kuma barayiharura bakayikuraho ubwoya bakayitunganya. Iyo bamaze kuyitunganya bayizingamo ibizingo kugira ngo babone uko bayibika. Ku wundi munsi binika urundi ruhu narwo rukamara amasaha 12 mu mugezi kimwe
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2. Iyo uwo murimo wa mbere urangiye bazana imikoba ya kabiri, bakagenda bakuraho iya mbere ari nako barushaho gukurura, ari nako bagenda baca amaso ya kabiri. 3. Ubwo noneho bakuraho ya mikoba ya
CULTURE kabiri bagashyiraho iya gatatu (bashobora kuyisubiramo rimwe, kabiri cyangwa gatatu) uko kugenda basubiramo bituma bashaka neza ijwi bifuza guha ingoma iyi n’iyi bitewe kandi n’ingufu z’uruhu. Iyo mirimo irangiye, hakurikiraho gushyiraho gushyiraho umukurikizo, guca igisoro, gushyiraho amatwi n’ukuboko.
Amoko y’ingoma
Ishakwe: Ishaka ijwi kandi iba imwe buri gihe Inyahura : Yahura izindi ngo zivuga kandi ziba 2 cyangwa 3 zakuranwa Impuma: Ifite ijwi ryo hagati, ni nini kuruta izindi, ziba 4 Igihumurizo: Ifite ijwi ryo hasi nayo ni nini. Ziba 2
3. Umuvumu(umurehe n’umutaba) 4. Umwifuzo 5. Umuko 6. Umusave
Ibiti biramvurwamo ingoma:
1. 2.
Umuvugangoma Umusumba
(foto P.Gasipari Simpenzwe, 1992):
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LLERY
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CULTURE
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13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
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26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34.
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35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
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Ubwiza bw’u Rwanda/Iteme rya Rusumo Kera hambere/imbehe ya Kinyarwanda/imbehe y’ikigeni Kera hambere/imbehe ya kinyarwanda Ahantu ndangamateka/ibitare bya Mashyiga Imikino n’imyidagaduro/Gateyihene yasimbuka na etaje Imikino/Tour du Rwanda mu Butantsinda bwa Kigoma na Muyange Imikino n’imyidagaduro/Intore Butera bwa Nturo Imikino/Umwami Mutara Rudahigwa akina Tenisi akina Tennis Imikino/Gateyihene yasimbukaga 2.20 m Kera hambere/Kigali muri za 1960 Ubwiza bw’u Rwanda/National Musium Umwami Mutara Rudahigwa abatizwa na Mgr. Léon Classe ku wa 27 Ukwakira 1946 Ahantu ndangamateka/Umwugariro wa Ruganzu Ndoli Ndangamateka/ikigabiro cya Kigeli Rwabugili Kera hambere/rubanda basangira ikigage mu muvure Ahantu ndangamateka/ibitare bya Mashyiga Kera hambere/Indatwa n’Inkesha 1943 Iyobokamana/Katedarari ya Butare Kera hambere/ibyibo bishaje Igiseke kiboshye mu birere Umutware Rwabutogo Faransisko w’u Buganza Umubyeyi wo hambere Kera hambere/Umutware Rwubusisi yambikwa umudari Kera hambere/Umutware Rwubusisi yari afite imodoka Ubwiza bw’u Rwanda/Karisimbi 4,507 kms na Sabyinyo 3,645 m Umutware Kamuzinzi w’u Bugoyi Nyaburanga/Ikibuye cya Shari Kera hambere/isinde y’umushumba Kera hambere/guteka runonko Ubwiza bw’u Rwanda/isunzu rya Kagina Ubugeni n’ubuhanzi/muzika nyarwanda/icyembe Kera hambere/ibyansi byo gutereka amata Ndangamateka/ ikigabiro cya Yuhi Gahindiro cy’i Buhoro ya Murinja Kera ambere/iki si isekuru ahubwo ni igicuba cya karundura Igicuma cya bisenge Ubukorikori n’ubuhanzi/Ikigega Agacuma kataraca umubiri Uducuma twaciye umubiri Kera hambere/umukerenke (umumuna) abana banywesha amacunda, injome yahangutse, urwabya rw’amavuta Kera hambere/Igicuba cyo gutwara amata
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BYEGERANYIJWE NA FAIDA JEAN DAMASCÈNE UMUSHAKASHATSI N’UMUCUKUMBUZI W’AMATEKA.