Authorities
Report Coordination and Preparation
Albert Randim
Secretary General of the OAS
Laura Gil
Assistant Secretary General of the OAS
Verónica Silva Villalobos
President of the Directing Council of the IIN
Linda Amaya
Vice-President of the Directing Council of the IIN
María Julia Garcete Yegros
Director General of the IIN
Sara Raquel Rodríguez
Coordinator of the Legal and Rights Restitution Area of the IIN
María Alejandra Di Pierro, Coordinator of the IIN-OAS’s InterAmerican Cooperation Program for the Prevention and Eradication of Sexual Exploitation, Smuggling of and Trafficking in Children.
We are grateful for the contributions made by Sara Raquel Rodríguez, Coordinator of the Legal and Rights Restitution Area; Victoria Lucas and Cecilia Romero, the technical team of the InterAmerican Cooperation Program for the Prevention and Eradication of Sexual Exploitation, Smuggling of and Trafficking in Children; Teresita Poblete, Coordinator of the Inter-American Cooperation Program for the Safe Internet Use; Andrea Rodríguez de Almeida, intern, Academic Internship Program, IIN-OAS; and the ECPAT International team.
Design
Delmira Infante
Sara Cardoso
IIN-OAS Communication Program.
The Inter-American Children's Institute (IIN) is the specialized agency of the Organization of American States (OAS) for policies related to children and adolescents. Its mission is to contribute to the regulatory, programmatic, institutional, and political development of the promotion, guarantee, protection, and restoration of the rights of children and adolescents in OAS member States, with the participation of children and adolescents.
By mandate of the OAS General Assembly, in its Resolution AG/RES. 1667 (XXIX-O/99) of June 7, 1999, the IIN must submit an annual report to the Secretary General of the organization on the measures undertaken by Member States to combat the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in the Americas.1 The preparation of these reports has varied over the years in terms of objectives, content, and frequency, in keeping with the evolution of the issues and the responses of the States.
1 Resolution AG/RES. 1667 (XXIX-O/99), operative paragraph 3: "To instruct the Inter-American Children's Institute to prepare an annual report to be submitted to the Secretary General of the Organization of American States, describing the steps taken by the member States to combat the commercial and other forms of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents."
One of the main conclusions of the 2024 Report, Addressing the Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents in the Region. Report to the Secretary General of the OAS on the measures taken by Member States to combat the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in the Americas, 2024, is the prevalence of the digital environment as a setting for the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents. For this reason, in 2025, it was decided to strengthen knowledge and analysis of this particular aspect of the phenomenon.
In this regard, the report aims to carry out a survey of the status of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and other forms of sexual violence associated with the digital environment and the measures adopted by States to address it during the period 2020-2025.
The report consists of three parts. In the first part, after the Methodology, a brief conceptual framework is provided that defines the object of study and delimits the scope of the information requested and analyzed. In the second part, a summary and analysis of the information collected is presented, highlighting common aspects among States and differential or innovative practices, and identifying progress and challenges that persist. Finally, the main conclusions are presented and recommendations are made.
It is hoped that this report will help to implement specific actions aimed at strengthening the response of States to this phenomenon and/or furthering research on a specific line of action.
To prepare the report, official information was collected from the States through a Consultation Form sent to the Representatives of the Member States before the Directing Council of the IIN, together with a Concept Note explaining the scope of the information requested (see Annex 1Consultation Form for the States). The States were urged to include information provided by all national institutions with expertise in the area in their responses. In addition, it was suggested that States with technical liaisons appointed to participate in the IIN-OAS Public Policy Discussions on the Safe Use of the Internet by Children and Adolescents (PPDs)2 have them respond to the Form in order to take advantage of their subject matter expertise and accumulated experience.
The report contains information from 11 States that responded to the consultation: Brazil, Canada, Chile,3 Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, and Peru, representing all of the sub regions of the Americas (see Annex 2 – Institutions and individuals responsible for responding to the Consultation Form, by State).
2 PPDs are venues promoted by the Inter-American Cooperation Program for the Safe Use of the Internet of the IIN-OAS, whose main purpose is to collect and systematize information on regulatory frameworks, policies, and actions implemented in the region in the area of digital rights and cybersecurity for children and adolescents.
3 The information on Chile was provided by the State and the Office of the Ombudsman for Children's Rights, as an Independent Alternative Report.
We should underscore the heterogeneous ways in which the States responded to the Form and the information shared. Some States sent only information relating to the governing body for children; others sent the responses of all the stakeholders who responded to the consultation nationally; in others, a single institution was responsible for the response, but they also included information provided by other institutions. The methodological implications of this are significant: the information collected may be limited and/or biased, according to the knowledge of the individuals and institutions that were part of the response, and there may be further information in the country that has not been revealed.
The information provided by the States was supplemented with information available on the Internet, compiled through searches based on references made in their responses.
The sexual exploitation of children and adolescents consists of "the use of children and adolescents in erotic-sexual activities in exchange for (or with the promise of) remuneration, in cash or in kind, to the victim and/or third party(ies)." This use can take different forms, known as models of exploitation, and takes place in different venues, known as settings for exploitation. One of these settings is the digital environment. 4
The digital environment is understood to be the area constituted by the set of electronic devices, networks, software, platforms, and applications that enable the creation, exchange, and storage of information and interaction between people without a physical presence.
4 Inter-American Children's Institute (IIN-OAS). (2024). Terminología asociada a la Explotación Sexual de niñas, niños y adolescentes (ESNNA), desde la perspectiva de derechos. Posicionamiento institucional (Terminology associated with the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents-SEC- from a rights-based perspective. Institutional position). https://novedades.iinadmin.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Terminologia-ESNNA_2024.pdf
Today, the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents facilitated by technology or with some digital component is increasingly common. As in other areas of life, it is common for some type of technology to be used at some stage in the exploitation process. In particular, it has been observed that it is used in the identification and recruitment of victims.5
Without overlooking the impact of technology in facilitating this form of violence, the report aims to analyze, in particular, situations that occur or are committed in the digital environment. A crime committed in the digital environment is, by definition, facilitated by technology; but not all crimes mediated or facilitated by technology occur in this environment.6
Nor do all forms of sexual violence that occur in the digital environment constitute sexual exploitation in the terms put forward at the outset. However, they can become such situations to the extent that there is an exchange or profit involved, or they can be a prelude to future exploitation.
In this regard, for the purposes of this report, the following violations have been considered and defined as situations of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and other associated forms of sexual violence committed in the digital environment:7
• Material depicting sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and adolescents. This consists of the production, distribution, dissemination, exhibition, import, export, offer, sale, request, search, and intentional access to and/or possession, by digital means, of visual, audio, written, or "live" material depicting children and adolescents involved in real or simulated explicit sexual activities, of genitalia for primarily sexual purposes, or of erotic or sexualized content used for sexual purposes. This category includes material
5 For example, a recent study by ECPAT International on the accessibility, quality, and effectiveness of services to prevent and respond to the sexual exploitation of Venezuelan children and adolescents in situations of mobility in Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru shows that perpetrators often use social media and online games to initiate contact, usually through false identities and misleading offers.
6 ECPAT International (2025). Terminology Guidelines for the protection of children from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Second Edition. https://ecpat.org/wpcontent/uploads/2025/04/Second-Edition-Terminology-Guidelines-final.pdf.
7 The definitions below were adapted from: ECPAT International (2025). Terminology Guidelines for the protection of children from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Second Edition. https://ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Second-Edition-Terminology-Guidelines-final.pdf.
9
created wholly or partially by artificial means using digital media of any kind, including realistic material created artificially depicting non-real children and adolescents, and representations of persons appearing to be children or adolescents.
• Live online transmission of practices involving sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and adolescents. This involves the participation of children and adolescents in sexual activities—alone or with other people—which are simultaneously transmitted through technological means and viewed remotely by other people. In general, people watching remotely are those who have requested and/or ordered the sexual abuse, indicating how the act should be performed, and have paid for it.
• Online grooming for sexual purposes/Online child sexual solicitation. This is the act of contacting and/or manipulating children and adolescents through the use of information and communication technologies, for sexual purposes, including sexually exploiting them (either in person or in the digital environment, regardless of whether the act is actually committed).
• Unwanted sexting. Sexting is the practice of generating and sharing erotic-sexual material of oneself among peers, with consent. Unwanted sexting refers to non-consensual aspects of the activity, such as being pressured or coerced into sending a photograph (sexual cyberbullying); receiving unwanted sexually explicit materials; or the unauthorized dissemination of content.
• Sexual extortion of children and adolescents. This is the act of extorting or blackmailing a child or adolescent in order to obtain sexual acts or materials, money, or any other benefit, under the threat of sharing or disseminating previously acquired erotic-sexual content.
• Exposure to harmful or age-inappropriate sexual content through digital media. This is access or exposure, intentional or unintentional, to sexual content that is inappropriate for the child’s age or considered harmful to development, through digital media. This goes beyond exposure to material considered illegal (child sexual abuse and exploitation material) or adult pornographic material, and includes all types of content that may be harmful, considering children’s age, level of maturity, contextual factors, etc. Its importance in relation to the issue lies in the effect that this content may have on the "sexualization" of children and adolescents or the normalization of certain sexual behaviors or conduct.
Most of the States party to the report have data and information on the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and other forms of associated sexual violence occurring in the digital environment, collected and generated by various public institutions (Public Prosecutor's Office, Judiciary, Care Services) and civil society, which keep records according to their purview. In some information systems, these situations are documented under the conceptual categories of "digital sexual violence" and "digital sexual crimes," while others specifically include the types referred to in the conceptual framework.
It should be noted that specific data on the subject are partial and may imply underreporting due, among other factors, to the fact that many systems/institutions record SEC situations in general, including those that occur in the digital environment,8 but without disaggregating them, making it impossible to accurately gauge the impact of digital technologies on the occurrence of this type of violence.
This can be seen, for example, in police and judicial information systems, whose records respond to the wording of criminal offenses. In this sense, crimes such as "sexual harassment," "sexual abuse," "pornography," "sexual exploitation," and various associated behaviors ("obtaining the performance of a sexual act"; "promoting or facilitating sexual exploitation"; marketing/distributing/disseminating/requesting sexual abuse material; among others), which may or may not take place in the digital environment and/or through technological means, but it is not possible to determine this with the information available.9 More recent legislation has incorporated new criminal offenses that specifically address the use of technological means to commit crimes.
In addition, as noted in the 2024 Report, the information systems available are not necessarily interconnected; as a result, the same situation may be recorded in different subsystems, with no connection between them.10
Table 1—Information on sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and other forms of sexual violence associated with the digital environment, by State presents the information shared by the States, which is explicitly related to sexual violence that occurred in the digital environment or facilitated by technology, for the period 2020–first half of 2025. Depending on the type of data and its source, the information
8 Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, and Jamaica include this type of information in their responses to the Consultation Form.
9 This limitation of police and judicial system records had already been noted in the 2024 Report.
10 In this regard, Statistics Canada's work is highlighted as a good practice, analyzing the nature and prevalence of the phenomenon by cross-referencing data reported by the police through the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey and by criminal courts through the Integrated Criminal Court Survey. Another good practice is provided by the Statistics Center of the Refuge and Justice Foundation (CEFAJ, for its acronym in Spanish) in Chile, which promotes a platform with statistics on sexual crimes against children and adolescents, including data on complaints and the response of the judicial system (indictments and convictions).
reported can be classified as: a) data from reports/complaints filed with administrative mechanisms, police headquarters, or the prosecutor's office;11 b) data from judicial proceedings;12 c) data on victim care;13 d) other information and sources.14
The information collected allows for a characterization of the issue in the region, based on common trends among countries:
✓ Between 2020 and 2022, there was an increase in crimes involving the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in the digital environment. From 2023 onwards, the trend varies between countries, with some countries continuing to see an increase (Canada, Chile) and others beginning to see a decline (Brazil, Ecuador). It is important to note that the increase recorded may not necessarily reflect a real increase in the phenomenon, but rather improvements in institutional practices for detection, classification, and recording.
✓ The most frequent crimes in this setting are those associated with child sexual abuse material and sexual exploitation.
✓ The main victims of sexual exploitation and other forms of associated sexual violence occurring in the digital environment are girls, although the gender gap is smaller than in other sexual crimes and settings.
✓ The largest number of victims are between 13 and 17 years old, although in this scenario there is a tendency for situations to occur at an earlier age.
✓ WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram are the applications and social networks most commonly identified in reported digital sexual violence cases.
✓ There is a gap between the number of reports and prosecutions and convictions, which reflects difficulties in criminal prosecution, both in terms of procedural delays (already noticeable in sexual exploitation crimes in general) and the particular difficulties of investigating crimes that occur in this setting.
11 Brazil, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, and Panama report this type of information.
12 Chile, Ecuador, and Panama report this type of information.
13 Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru report this type of information.
14 Brazil, Canada, Chile, El Salvador, Jamaica, Mexico, and Panama report this type of information.
As in the 2024 Report, only two States report information on exploiters, which reflects the invisibility of this figure in the analysis and approach to the phenomenon.
Table 1- Information on sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and other forms of sexual violence associated with the digital environment, by State.15 Period: 2020 – first half of 2025.
STATE TYPE OF DATA INFORMATION
Reports to administrative mechanisms
Between 2020 and May 2025, 8,027 reports of sexual violence against children and adolescents occurring in the digital environment16 were recorded through DISQUE 100 (Dial 100) (the Ministry of Human Rights and Citizenship's reporting channel), with 8,032 victims, 46% female, 12% male, and 26% with no gender information available. The highest number of reports, with an upward trend, occurred between 2020 and 2022, coinciding with the pandemic period.
More than 1000 police operations to combat online child sexual abuse and exploitation crimes were carried out by the Federal Police's Cybercrime Division in 2024.
CANADA
Other types of data and sources
The methods used by perpetrators have become more sophisticated, especially as regards the increasing use of artificial intelligence-based technologies, which facilitate the creation and dissemination of manipulated images of children and adolescents, often without the victims' knowledge.
Reports to administrative mechanisms
In 2020, Cybertip.ca (a national hotline for reporting cases of online child sexual abuse and exploitation, managed by the Canadian Centre for Child Protection) processed 33,903 reports, 94% of which were related to child pornography offenses. In 2021, the Hotline reported a 37% increase over 2020 in reports related to online child victimization in general; 83% in reports of online grooming; 38% in reports of non-consensual distribution of intimate images; 74% in reports of sextortion on online platforms; as well as an increase in intimate images of young people appearing on adult pornography sites and being shared on social media.17
15 The table does not include Costa Rica because there is no specific information in its response to the Consultation Form.
16 These reports include harassment, pornography, sexual exploitation, and other forms of abuse that occur through social media, messaging apps, and other digital platforms (Response from the State of Brazil to the 2025 Consultation Form).
17 Sources: Canadian Centre for Child Protection, 2022a; Statistics Canada, 2022c, cited in Canada's response to the 2025 Consultation Form.
CHILE
Complaints filed with the police or prosecutor's office
Reports of online grooming increased by 815% in five years, from 220 in 2018 to 2,013 in 2022. 18
According to data collected by Statistics Canada, between 2020 and 2023, the police reported 51,433 cases of online child sexual exploitation.19 In 2023, there were 19,516 cases, which is equivalent to a rate of 262 cases per 100,000 children and adolescents, representing a 59% increase compared to 2022. Of these victims, 77% were female, and 82% were between the ages of 12 and 17. 20 Specifically, girls were more likely than boys to be victims of: online grooming or solicitation (81% vs. 19%); non-consensual distribution of intimate imagery (72% vs. 28%); enticement for sexual touching (68% vs. 32%); other online sexual offenses (70% vs. 30%).
Between April 1, 2023, and March 31, 2024, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) National Child Exploitation Crime Centre (NCECC) received 118,162 complaints and reports related to suspected online child sexual exploitation offenses, representing a 15% increase compared to the previous fiscal year and a 1,278% increase compared to 10 years previously (2013-2014), when 8,578 reports were received.
Other types of data and sources
Complaints filed with the police or prosecutor's office
A study conducted by the Canadian Centre for Child Protection on child sexual abuse committed by school staff found that 38 staff members had been criminally prosecuted for crimes related to child sexual abuse material between 2017 and 2021; 97% were men and 74% were coaches. The platforms most commonly used to facilitate victimization were Snapchat, Instagram, and Facebook.21
According to data collected by the Children's Ombudsman's Office from complaints filed with the Public Prosecutor's Office, between 2022 and 2024 there was a 45% increase in crimes related to SEC in digital contexts, the most significant issue being the acquisition and storage of abusive material, at 62%.22
18 Source: Canadian Centre for Child Protection, 2023b, cited in Canada's response to the 2025 Consultation Form.
19 Source: Police-reported online child sexual exploitation incidents, by type of offence and year, Canada, 2014 to 2023, cited in the State of Canada's response to Consultation Form 2025.
20 Source: Police-reported online sexual offenses against children, by type of offence and victim characteristics, Canada, 2023, cited in Canada's Response to Consultation Form 2025.
21 Source: Canadian Centre for Child Protection, 2022d, cited in Canada's response to Consultation Form 2025.
22 Source: Observatory of the Rights of the Children's Ombudsman. 2025. Diagnosis of the situation of the rights of children and adolescents. Pages 56 and 57. Available at: https://observatorio.defensorianinez.cl/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Diagnostico-2025-Defensoria-Ninez-03-04-2025.pdf cited in the Office of the Children's Ombudsman's Response to the 2025 Consultation Form, submitted as an Alternative Report.
16
Judicial proceedings
Between 2022 and 2023, 1,167 children and adolescents were subjected to sexual exploitation or SEC in digital environments (production, storage, commercialization, dissemination) in the country. Of these victims, 83% were female; the age distribution was evenly split between ages 0-13 and 14-17.23
According to data collected by SERPAJ, only 4% of SEC cases in digital environments in 2022 resulted in convictions in 2023, reflecting the complexity of criminal prosecution in this area. However, the Office of the Ombudsman for Children's Rights recognizes an increase in formal charges and judicial decisions (convictions, acquittals, and conditional suspensions of proceedings) in this area.24
Other types of data and sources
COLOMBIA Victim support
Of the total number of resolutions activated by specialized protection programs for children and adolescents, both residential and non-residential, of the National Service for Specialized Protection of Children and Adolescents, for acts affecting their sexual integrity in the period 2021-2023 (16,423), 8% mention a social network or the use of WhatsApp, and 2% make such a mention and specifically qualify as SEC, with an increase recorded between those years. "A connection and/or contact via the WhatsApp messaging platform was mentioned 651 times, followed by mentions of the social networks Instagram (460) and Facebook (162), showing a significant link between such violations and the use of these digital environments".25
During the period 2020-March 2025, of the total number of cases (1,689) of children and adolescents who entered the ICBF's Administrative Processes for the Restoration of Rights (PARD, for its acronym in Spanish) due to sexual violence –CSEC, 46% (780 cases) specifically correspond to digital contexts.
23 Source: Observatory of Rights of the Office of the Ombudsman for Children. 2024. Technical Note No. 5 "Sexual exploitation of children and adolescents: factors and characterization in recent years." Available at: https://observatorio.defensorianinez.cl/nota-tecnica-5-explotacion-sexual-a-ninas-ninos-y-adolescentes/ cited in Response of the Children's Ombudsman's Office to the 2025 Consultation Form, presented as an Alternative Report.
24 Observatory of Rights of the Office of the Ombudsman for Children. 2025. Diagnosis of the situation of the rights of children and adolescents. Page 57. Available at: https://observatorio.defensorianinez.cl/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Diagnostico-2025-Defensoria-Ninez-03-04-2025.pdf cited in the Response of the Office of the Ombudsman for Children to Consultation Form 2025, presented as an Alternative Report.
25 Office of the Ombudsman for Children. 2024. Specialized document on digital sexual violence against children and adolescents. Page 17. Available at: https://www.defensorianinez.cl/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ESPECIALIZADO-VIOLENCIA-DIGITAL-FINAL.pdf cited in the Response of the Office of the Ombudsman for Children to the 2025 Consultation Form, submitted as an Alternative Report.
17
ECUADOR
Reports to the police or prosecutor's office
According to data from the Directorate of Statistics and Information Systems of the Attorney General's Office, over the period 2020-June 2025, there were 895 reports of the crime of "sexual contact with minors under the age of 18 via electronic means" and 65 reports of the crime of "offering sexual services with minors under the age of 18 via electronic means." In both cases, there was an upward trend between 2020 and 2023, which then reversed into a downward trend thereafter.
Judicial proceedings
Victim support
EL SALVADOR
Other types of data and sources
According to records from the Judicial Council's computer system (SATJE, for its acronym in Spanish), between 2020 and June 2025, 122 cases were filed with the judicial units for the crime of "sexual contact with minors under the age of 18 via electronic means" and two cases for the crime of "offering sexual services to minors under the age of 18 via electronic means."
During the same period, 22 judgments were handed down in cases of "sexual contact with minors under the age of 18 via electronic means": 16 convictions and 6 acquittals.
Between 2023 and June 2025, 81 cases of assistance to children and adolescents were recorded in the Comprehensive Protection Services and Violet Centers of the Ministry of Women and Human Rights, by type of violence: "digital sexual violence."
In cases of violations detected and addressed through the Protection Boards and the CONAPINA Helpline, profiles of perpetrators are diverse. "Perpetrators may have varying degrees of closeness to children and adolescents. They may be persons that children know, such as family members living in the same household, neighbors, teachers, or peers in the educational environment, but they may also be complete strangers who contact victims from other areas or countries through digital media. Some join closed messaging groups where child sexual abuse material is exchanged, while others act on their own through open social media platforms or online games. It is common for perpetrators to adopt false identities in the digital environment, posing as children or adolescents to gain trust."26
Other types of data and sources
Reports from the Office of the Children's Advocate indicate that WhatsApp and Instagram are the main platforms used to share sexually explicit or suggestive material with children and adolescents. Instagram is frequently used to identify and recruit victims, through misleading profiles or content, and to initiate contact. WhatsApp is often used to continue communication once the victim is known, which often facilitates the grooming process. Social media is being used to coerce
26 Content taken verbatim (in the Spanish version) from the response of the State of El Salvador to the 2025 Consultation Form.
Reports to administrative mechanisms
girls and young women into sharing sexually explicit material, which also leads to other forms of victimization, such as sexual extortion.
According to the report by the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) in the United States, Mexico ranked second worldwide in reports of online child sexual abuse material in 2023.
Complaints filed with the police or prosecutor's office
MEXICO
PANAMA
Other types of data and sources
"According to data from the National Guard (Scientific Division), between 2020 and 2024, more than 38,000 cases of child sexual abuse material were identified on digital networks and platforms."27
The Attorney General's Office (FGR, in Spanish), through the Special Prosecutor's Office for Crimes of Violence against Women and Human Trafficking (FEVIMTRA, in Spanish), has also reported an increase in the number of investigations opened on grooming, sextortion, and the production of sexual abuse material.
According to data from the 2023 Cyberbullying Module (MOCIBA, in Spanish) of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI, in Spanish), 22.7% of adolescents between the ages of 12 and 19 who used the internet in 2023 were victims of cyberbullying in the last 12 months, making them the second age group most seriously affected by this condition (after the 20-29 age group). Among the main situations experienced are receiving sexual content (41%) and receiving threats related to publishing information, personal details, audio or video recordings for extortion purposes (31.2%).28
Complaints filed with the police or prosecutor's office 552 complaints received over the period 2020–2025.
Judicial proceedings
Victim support
64 convictions over the period 2020–2025.
Between 2020 and 2025, 262 children and adolescents were recorded as being subjected to sexual exploitation (85% female; 15% male); 70 victims were assisted by the Unit for the Protection of Victims, Witnesses, Experts, and Other Parties Involved in Criminal Proceedings (UPAVIT, in Spanish).
27 Content taken verbatim (in the Spanish version) from the State of Mexico's response to Consultation Form 2025.
28 See: National Institute of Statistics and Geography. Module on Cyberbullying MOCIBA 2023. Main Results. Available at: https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/mociba/2023/doc/mociba2023_resultados.pdf
Other types of data and sources
PERU Victim support
"Cases of digital sexual violence occur mainly on social networks, video games, and websites. According to a 2023 study by the University of Panama, the most common cybercrimes against minors include child pornography, grooming, cyberbullying, phishing, sexting, and electronic fraud."
29
Between July 2021 and May 2025, there were 98 cases of children and adolescents treated at the MIMP Women's Emergency Centers for "violence through information and communication technologies (ICTs);" this type of violence was included in the records as from 2021 and was named as such in 2024.
29 Content taken verbatim (in the Spanish version) from the State of Panama's response to Consultation Form 2025.
2.1. Interagency coordination venues addressing the issue
The States party to the Report do not report any interagency coordination venues formally constituted in the form of round tables, committees, or commissions dedicated specifically and exclusively to the issue of SEC and other forms of sexual violence associated with the digital environment. The issue is addressed either by other existing interagency venues dedicated to the protection of rights in general, SEC, human trafficking, and other forms of violence, which include the digital environment as a sphere but are not limited to it;30 or by venues dedicated to
30 Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Panama, and Peru report coordination opportunities of this type.
the digital environment and online child protection, although not exclusively to sexual exploitation and other forms of associated sexual violence.31
Table 2—Existing venues for interagency coordination in the States describes the venues mentioned by the States, together with references to the topic when available.32 The information reported is insufficient for an analysis of how the issue is addressed, from what perspective, and in what terms. Indeed, the fact that many States do not report specific information may indicate that, although the issue falls within the purview of these venues, there are no concrete actions in relation to it. The available information shows that the coordination mechanisms dedicated to the digital environment are those that are most directly linked and/or contain concrete actions in relation to the topic under study.
Table 2- Existing venues for interagency coordination in the States33 STATE
BRAZIL
National Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents (CONANDA, for its acronym in Portuguese)
Formulates political and institutional guidelines for the promotion, protection, and defense of the rights of children and adolescents. In relation to the subject of study, Resolution No. 254/2024, which provides for the rights of children and adolescents in the digital environment, and No. 257/2024, which establishes the General Guidelines for the National Policy for the Protection of the Rights of Children and Adolescents in the Digital Environment (PNPDCAAD, in Portuguese), with the recommendation to set up an Intersectoral Committee to coordinate this policy.
31 Colombia, Jamaica, and Mexico report coordination opportunities of this type.
32 In general, States did not respond with regard to the composition of these venues or did so in a generic manner, without detailing member institutions. In this regard, it is not possible with the information available to analyze whether or not they include governing institutions in the field of information and communication technologies and/or specific units with competencies associated with the digital environment of other institutions. Further research is required.
33 Canada is not included in the table because the National Strategy for the Protection of Children from Sexual Exploitation on the Internet presented by the State as a coordinating body is considered for the purposes of the report to be public policy (and will be analyzed in section 2.2).
CHILE
National Commission for the Eradication of Child Labor (CONAETI, in Portuguese)
Intersectoral Commission for Combating Sexual Violence against Children and Adolescents
Institutional Coordination Committees of the System for Guaranteeing and Protecting Rights
National Interagency Roundtable against Sexual Exploitation (or quadripartite roundtable)
No specific information reported.
No specific information reported.
No specific information reported.
No specific information reported.
Technical Roundtable on Cybercrimes against Children and Adolescents
COLOMBIA
Commission of Experts
Interagency Committee for the Prevention and Eradication of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents
"This committee promotes coordination for the detection, reporting, and response to online sexual crimes against children and adolescents." It is "led by the National Police (through the Virtual CAI of the Police Cyber Center)" and includes the "participation of entities such as Family Welfare, the Attorney General's Office, the Ministry of Technology, Innovation, and Communications, and organizations such as Red PaPaz."34
"This commission has a mandate to update, every two years, the document on criteria for classifying websites with content involving the sexual abuse of children and adolescents and recommendations to the government, ensuring its doctrinal, technological, and regulatory validity. Its responsibilities include a conceptual review of the types and effects of child sexual abuse material, the evaluation of technical and administrative measures to prevent children and adolescents from accessing such content, and the formulation of preventive recommendations."35
No specific information reported.
34 Quoted content taken verbatim (in the Spanish version) from the response of the State of Colombia to Consultation Form 2025.
35 Content taken verbatim (in the Spanish version) from the response of the State of Colombia to the 2025 Consultation Form.
COSTA RICA
National Advisory Committee for the Prevention of Sexual Violence and Comprehensive Care for Children and Adolescents Victims of Sexual Abuse
National Coordination Mechanism for the Comprehensive Approach to Sex and Gender-Based Violence against Women, Children, and Adolescents
National Coalition against Illegal Smuggling of Migrants and Human Trafficking (CONATT, in Spanish)
"Its main function is to act as a consultative body responsible for advising, coordinating, and recommending actions at the national level for the prevention, detection, care, and follow-up of cases of sexual violence and child abuse." The Committee's 2025 Agenda includes "the development of a communication and training strategy for the prevention of risks to children in the digital environment."
No specific information reported.
No specific information reported.
National Commission against the Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents No specific information reported.
Public-Private Interagency Collective against the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents
ECUADOR
Interagency Coordination Committee for the Prevention of Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants and Protection of their Victims
The Collective has produced Information Bulletin No. 1 on the commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in Ecuador, a document that compiles statistical information on the phenomenon, including digital sexual violence and the impact of information and communication technology on these crimes, and the actions taken by the Attorney General's Office, the Judicial Council (Justice System), the Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion, and the Ministry of Women and Human Rights, in accordance with their respective jurisdictions.
No specific information reported.
EL SALVADOR National Committee Against Trafficking in Persons No specific information reported.
JAMAICA
National Child Online Protection Committee Mandated to develop a National Strategy for the Protection of Children Online.
National Task Force Against Trafficking in Persons (NATFATIP)
SIPINNA Commission for the Prevention of Violence against Children and Adolescents (COMPREVNNA, in Spanish) - Subcommittee on Digital Safety
No specific information reported.
Its objective is to "establish a route for interagency coordination for the design of a national instrument for the regulation and comprehensive protection of children and adolescents against digital violence, with an emphasis on digital sexual violence, human trafficking, and recruitment by organized crime."
36
This collegiate body, which brings together more than 30 public and private institutions, has the following objectives:
"
- To establish efficient mechanisms for coordination, cooperation, and dialogue between the public and private sectors involved in the production and transmission of content through electronic media such as television, radio, and digital media.
MEXICO
37
Commission on Information Technologies and Audiovisual Content for Children and Adolescents (CTICNNA, in Spanish)
- To study and analyze the opportunities, challenges, and risks faced by children and adolescents in the digital age. (...)
- To promote codes of ethics for electronic, print, and digital media, both State-owned and private, that protect the best interests of children and adolescents.
- To foster effective mechanisms for the participation of children and adolescents in electronic and digital media to channel their opinions, complaints, and requests regarding programming. (...)
- To propose the establishment of specific enrollment in digital education for children and adolescents in the education system, which includes free and safe browsing, with mechanisms for the prevention of crime, harassment, and trafficking; mechanisms for
36 Content taken verbatim (in the Spanish version) from the State of Mexico's response to Consultation Form 2025.
37 It should be noted that this mechanism was not explicitly mentioned by the State in its response to the 2025 Consultation Form; however, the information appears in one of the links shared as a reference in other matters. https://www.gob.mx/sipinna/articulos/la-secretaria-ejecutiva-del-sipinna-garantiza-a-la-ninez-y-la-adolescencia-suderecho-a-la-seguridad-y-proteccion-en-el-entorno-digital
PERU
National Commission for the Prevention of Sexual Exploitation Crimes (CONAPREDES, in Spanish)
Working subgroup on Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents, created within the framework of the National Multisectoral Policy for Children and Adolescents to 2030 (PNMNNA, in Spanish), Priority Objective 03
data protection, complaint, and problem solving; mechanisms for participation and opinion."38
No specific information reported.
No specific information reported.
2.2. Comprehensive and intersectoral public policies to address the phenomenon
The 2024 Report found considerable heterogeneity in the availability of comprehensive, intersectoral public policies to address the phenomenon of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in the States of the region. Some States were found to have specific policies on the issue, while others addressed it through broad policies on the promotion and protection of rights, or policies relating to other forms of violence. Based on these findings, and in order to analyze the approach to this particular manifestation of the issue, an effort was made to ascertain:
a) the existence of comprehensive and intersectoral policies specifically addressing SEC and other forms of sexual violence occurring in the digital environment (under the assumption that this would be a rare occurrence, considering the findings of the previous report);
b) how policies that refer to or include the issue of SEC integrate the digital dimension of the phenomenon;
c) how policies on digital citizenship and the protection of rights in the digital environment incorporate the issue of SEC and other forms of sexual violence.
38 Government of Mexico. National System for the Protection of Children and Adolescents. Blog: The Executive Secretariat of Sipinna guarantees children and adolescents their right to safety and protection in the digital environment. https://www.gob.mx/sipinna/articulos/la-secretaria-ejecutiva-del-sipinna-garantiza-a-la-ninez-y-laadolescencia-su-derecho-a-la-seguridad-y-proteccion-en-el-entorno-digital
Table 3—Public policies related to SEC and the digital environment, by State describes the policies referenced by the States. According to their main content, these policies can be classified as: a) Comprehensive policies to guarantee and protect the rights of children and adolescents; b) Specific policies on SEC; c) Policies referring to other forms of rights violations, including SEC; d) Policies to promote digital citizenship and protect rights in the digital environment.
As expected, only Canada has a specific policy on the subject: National Strategy for the Protection of Children from Sexual Exploitation on the Internet. However, although not specific, Ecuador's Public Policy for a Safe Internet for Children and Adolescents 2020-2024 does stand out, as it includes various actions related to SEC and other forms of sexual violence in the digital environment.
Based on a general analysis of the content of the policy documents (to which access was granted), it is worth noting that most policies (14 vs. 7, not including Canada), regardless of their type, include references to the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and other forms of associated sexual violence occurring in the digital environment, since they recognize the digital environment as a habitual space for the development of children and adolescents and identify sexual violence as one of the existing risks.
However, the relation is reversed when analyzing whether, beyond these references, specific commitments, actions, and indicators related to the issue are included: 8 policies include them vs. 13 that do not. Likewise, different behaviors are identified depending on the type of policy. All specific policies on SEC and most of those referring to other forms of rights violations that include it contain specific actions related to these forms of violence in the digital environment. However, most policies referring to digital transformation, digital citizenship, and online rights protection lack this type of action/indicator. In some cases, there is an absence of visibility for children and adolescents and a failure to incorporate a rights-based perspective into the design of these policies.
Finally, it should be noted that existing specific actions and indicators are often few in number in relation to the overall set of policy actions. While it can be assumed that the actions envisaged for SEC in general also include those occurring in the digital environment, and that, similarly, when referring to cybercrimes, those relating to sexual violence in the digital environment are included, it is necessary to reinforce specific actions so as not to lose specificity. It is also necessary for policies to be coordinated with each other to avoid duplication of efforts and resources.
Table 3- Public policies related to SEC and the digital environment, by State
STATE
NAME OF POLICY
BRAZIL
CANADA
CHILE
National Plan to Combat Sexual Violence against Children and Adolescents39
Brazilian Media Education Strategy
National Strategy for the Protection of Children from Sexual Exploitation on the Internet
National Policy on Children and Adolescents and its Action Plan 2024-2032
TYPE OF POLICY
Includes references to SEC and other forms of sexual violence occurring in the digital environment?
Policies referring to other forms of rights violations, including SEC No access to the document
Policies promoting digital citizenship and protecting rights in the digital environment40
Includes specific activities/actions and/or indicators on SEC and other forms of sexual violence occurring in the digital environment?
Yes No
Specific policy on SEC in the digital environment Yes
Comprehensive policies to guarantee and protect the rights of children and adolescents Yes Yes
39 The State's response refers to a Plan published in 2022, which is currently under review and being updated; however, it was not possible to access this document. The document that was accessed corresponds to the 2013 National Plan to Combat Sexual Violence against Children and Adolescents, which contains references to and includes activities/actions on SEC and other forms of sexual violence occurring in the digital environment.
40 It should be noted that although the State refers in its response to CONANDA Resolution No. 257/2024, which approves the guidelines for the formulation and implementation of the National Policy for the Protection of the Rights of Children and Adolescents in the Digital Environment and creates an Intersectoral Committee responsible for monitoring and evaluating the implementation of this policy, it does not indicate whether it has already been produced, nor does it appear in an internet search.
Framework for Action against the Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents (SEC)41
Policy for Comprehensive Development in Childhood and Adolescence
Public policy line for the prevention of recruitment, use, exploitation, and sexual violence against children and adolescents by organized armed groups and organized criminal groups
Policy for the Prevention and Eradication of SEC (20182028)
Comprehensive policies to guarantee and protect the rights of children and adolescents
Policies relating to other forms of rights violations, including SEC
Colombia's National Digital Security Strategy 20252027
National Policy on Digital Trust and Security Policies to promote digital citizenship and protect rights in the digital environment
National Policy against Human Trafficking 2020-2030
Policies addressing other forms of rights violations, including SEC
National Plan against the Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents 2022-2025. Specific
ECUADOR Intersectoral Public Policy for the Comprehensive Protection of Children and Adolescents (2021)
on SEC
Comprehensive policies to guarantee and protect the rights of children and adolescents
41 The response from the State and the Office of the Ombudsman for Children refers to the development of the fourth Framework for Action; however, it was not possible to access the document. The latest publicly available document is the Third Framework for Action against the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents. 20172019.
EL SALVADOR
National Plan to Eradicate Violence against Children and Adolescents (2023-2030)42
Public Policy for the Eradication of Sexual Violence in Education by 2030
Ecuador's Digital Transformation Agenda 2022–2025
Policies addressing other forms of rights violations, including SEC No access to the document
Policies related to other forms of rights violations, including SEC Yes No
JAMAICA
Ecuador's National Cybersecurity Strategy Yes No
National Strategy for the Protection of Children Online43 No access to document
Public policy for a safe internet for children and adolescents 2020-202444
Policies to promote digital citizenship and protect rights in the digital environment
National Policy against Human Trafficking45 Policies addressing other forms of rights violations, including SEC
El Salvador Digital Agenda 2020-2030
National Plan of Action for an integrated response to children and violence46
Policies promoting digital citizenship and protecting rights in the digital environment
Policies addressing other forms of rights violations, including SEC
42 The Executive Summary of the National Strategy for the Prevention of Violence against Children and Adolescents 2025-2030 is available online, but the full document was not accessible.
43 The document available on the internet presents a proposed framework for the development of this strategy.
44 This policy has already expired. Access the evaluation report here.
45 The State's response refers to the aforementioned policy, but not to its period of validity. The document available on the internet corresponds to 2012 and does not contain any references to the digital environment.
46 The State's response refers to the aforementioned plan, but not to its period of validity. The document available on the internet corresponds to the period 2018-2023 and does not contain any references to the digital environment. It should also be noted that the State reports on the creation of a National Committee for the Protection of
MEXICO47
PERU
National Development Plan 2025-2030 -
Strategy for the prevention of commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents (CSEC) in Mexico48 Specific policies on CSEC
National Plan for the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents49 Specific policies on SEC
National Multisectoral Policy for Children and Adolescents to 2030 (PNMNNA, in Spanish)
Comprehensive policies to safeguard and protect the rights of children and adolescents
Multisectoral Strategy for the Prevention of Sexual Violence Affecting Children and Adolescents "Prevent to Protect"50 Policies addressing other forms of rights violations, including SEC
National Digital Transformation Policy Policies promoting digital citizenship and protecting rights in the digital environment
Children Online, which has a mandate to develop a National Strategy for the Protection of Children Online, but it does not report whether or not it has already been developed, nor does it appear in an internet search.
47 It should be noted that, in its response to the Consultation Form, the State also refers to the fact that work is underway on the design of the National Program for the Protection of Children and Adolescents 2025-2030. There are reports on the Internet indicating that it would be presented in August of this year, but there have been no updates.
48 This is not a comprehensive policy, but rather one focused on prevention.
49 The State's response refers to the aforementioned plan, but not to its period of validity, indicating that it is currently being updated. The document available on the Internet corresponds to the period 2008-2010 and contains references to the digital environment.
50 This is not a comprehensive policy, but rather one focused on prevention.
2.3. Obligations or commitments required by the State from technology service providers
Coordination and cooperation with the private sector to address the problem can take many forms, including initiatives voluntarily promoted by the sector itself or actions developed within the framework of public-private partnerships. For the purposes of this report, we sought to discover, beyond these initiatives, what commitments or obligations the State, as the ultimate guarantor of rights, requires of technology service providers for the prevention and protection of children and adolescents from sexual exploitation and other forms of associated sexual violence. Indeed, the private sector has a duty to protect the rights of children and adolescents, but the State, as the ultimate guarantor, must monitor compliance and take action in case of infringement.
Most of the States party to the report (Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Jamaica, Panama, Peru) report on national regulations that explicitly establish obligations for service providers or include provisions applicable to them.51 In some cases, committing or facilitating situations related to sexual exploitation and other forms of associated online sexual violence on their platforms is also explicitly prohibited (Colombia and Jamaica). It should be noted that only Colombia makes explicit reference in its response to the penalty for noncompliance with these obligations.52
51 Brazil: Marco Civil da Internet (Law No. 12,965/2014), Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (Law No. 8,069/1990), Law No. 14,155/2021, and CONANDA Resolution No. 245/2024.
Canada: An Act respecting the mandatory reporting of Internet child pornography by persons who provide an Internet service.
Chile: Law No. 19,628 on the Protection of Privacy.
Colombia: Law 679 of 2001 and its Regulatory Decree, Decree 1524 of 2002.
Ecuador: Organic Act on Personal Data Protection (2021), Organic Act on Communication (2023 amendment).
El Salvador: Growing Together Act.
Jamaica: Content Code (2022).
Panama: Law No. 478, August 4, 2025.
Peru: Law 31664, amending Law 30254, Act on the Promotion of the Safe and Responsible Use of Information and Communications Technologies by Children and Adolescents.
52 "Failure to comply with these provisions may result in administrative penalties, including fines of up to 100 times the current legal monthly minimum wage and the suspension or removal of websites that violate the regulations" (Art. 10 of Law 679 of 2001).
Among the obligations established for the sector, the following stand out:
Duty of care in the conception and design of services.
Data protection transparency regarding data collection and use practices.
Provision of free or low-cost content filtering and/or parental control mechanisms, and informing users about the availability of these resources.
Responsibility for content moderation and implementation of mechanisms to block illegal content.
Maintenance of access logs for established periods.
Concrete actions to protect against SEC and other forms of associated online sexual violence:
- Provide accessible and effective channels for reporting suspicious content or behavior related to sexual exploitation and violence.
- Report to the relevant authorities any indication or evidence of child sexual exploitation that has occurred or been detected through their services, particularly with regard to child sexual abuse and exploitation material.
- Collaborate with law enforcement and judicial authorities in their investigations.
- Quickly remove illegal content by court order.
Despite the existence of these regulations, one of the difficulties repeatedly cited by States in relation to the criminal prosecution of these crimes is the lack of cooperation from the private sector (see section 4.5). This is evidence, therefore, of weaknesses in their application.
2.4. International cooperation initiatives
All the States included in the report participate in and/or are members of various international cooperation initiatives/mechanisms, at the global, regional, and multilateral levels, aimed at the prevention and/or investigation and prosecution of crimes of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and other forms of sexual violence occurring in the digital environment.
The initiatives most frequently mentioned by the States were:
➢ INTERPOL: an intergovernmental organization of police agencies, with 196 member countries, which promotes international cooperation in the fight against various crimes (including digital sex crimes) through the exchange of police information, the issuance of alerts, and the coordination of transnational operations. Among the programs promoted by INTERPOL, the following are noteworthy in relation to the subject of study: Cybercrime and Organized Crime and New Criminal Trends.
53 54
➢ Ibero-American Association of Public Prosecutors (AIAMP, for its acronym in Spanish): A non-profit organization that brings together the public prosecutors of Ibero-America with the aim of "strengthening ties of cooperation, solidarity, and mutual professional enrichment (...) and promoting the establishment of common strategies to address problems (...) related to organized crime (drug trafficking, terrorism, and human trafficking) and the treatment of victims and witnesses." It is organized into specialized networks, three of which are related to the topic of study: Specialized Network on Gender Issues (REG); Network on Human Trafficking and Smuggling (REDTRAM); and Network of Ibero-American Prosecutors on Cybercrime (CIBERRED).5556
53 INTERPOL. https://www.interpol.int/es
54 All the States party to the Report are members of INTERPOL. Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, and Mexico referenced it.
55 Ibero-American Association of Public Prosecutors. AIAMP- Who are we? https://www.aiamp.info/index.php/la-aiamp/quienes-somos
56 Brazil and Ecuador mentioned the AIAMP, although the Public Prosecutor's Offices of Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Mexico, Panama, and Peru are also members.
➢ WeProtect Global Alliance to End Child Sexual Exploitation Online: a global alliance that brings together governments, the private sector, and civil society to combat the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents online.57 Within this framework, the Global Taskforce on Child Sexual Abuse Online has also been created.58
➢ Cooperation within the United Nations System: various United Nations agencies UNICEF, UNFPA, IOM offer technical and financial support at the national level for various activities, primarily research, awareness-raising, and training.59
➢ Cooperation from international civil society organizations, such as the International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children60 (ICMEC), which provides support at the national level, mainly for capacity building in child cybersecurity61 ; and INHOPE, 62 which contributes to the tracking, reporting, and removal of child sexual abuse and exploitation material available on the internet.
➢ Cooperation from the Inter-American Children's Institute: through its Inter-American Programs on Safe Internet Use and Sexual Exploitation, Trafficking, and Smuggling of Children and Adolescents, it promotes the exchange of best practices among the States in the region and the strengthening of institutional capacities. Of particular note is the Public Policy Discussions on Safe Internet Use by Children and Adolescents (PPD) initiative.63
57 Brazil, Canada, Colombia, El Salvador, and Mexico reported being members of this Alliance. Although they did not include it in their response to the Consultation Form, the governments of Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, and Peru are also members.
58 Brazil and Canada are the only States party to the Report that are part of this group.
59 Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama reported experiences of this type.
60 Mentioned by Ecuador, El Salvador, and Mexico.
61 For example, ICMEC and the TikTok platform, in partnership with national institutions in various countries in the region, seek to "promote, through educational experiences, the safe, conscious, and protective use of digital environments, strengthening individual, family, and community capacities around digital citizenship, online risk prevention, and the exercise of rights on platforms such as TikTok" (response from the State of Colombia to the Consultation Form, 2025). This experience was reported by Colombia and Mexico.
62 Mentioned by Colombia and Mexico.
63 Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, and Peru referred to the link with the IIN-OAS.
In addition, two initiatives mentioned by Canada and Ecuador, respectively, are identified as being particularly relevant to the topic and with the potential to become key areas:
➢ Five Country Ministerial: an international forum comprising Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In March 2020, it launched the Voluntary Principles to Counter Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, in consultation with partners in the technology industry and the WeProtect Alliance. These principles provide a common framework for combating online sex crimes against children and adolescents and promote collective action among governments and industry stakeholders. Since then, 19 companies have adhered to these Principles.64
➢ Inter-American Digital Government Network for Latin America and the Caribbean (Red GEALC, in Spanish): "(...) since 2003, it has brought together the authorities of the digital government agencies of the member countries of the Organization of American States (OAS)."65 One of its lines of work is cybersecurity.66
64 See: https://www.weprotect.org/resources/library/voluntary-principles-to-counter-online-child-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse/
65 Source: https://www.redgealc.org/sobre-red-gealc/que-es-la-red-gealc/
66 Although it was only named by Ecuador, all of the States party to the Report are part of this network, with the exception of Canada.
It was documented in the Report for 2024 that the main prevention actions promoted by States in relation to SEC are awareness campaigns, which seek to raise awareness of the issue. In order to move beyond these actions, the 2025 Consultation Form specifically asked about two strategies that are considered significant: a) the incorporation of content on safe internet use and the prevention of risks associated with sexual exploitation in the digital environment in school and secondary education programs, and b) the training of teachers and families on these issues.
Table 4—An approach to the topics of digital citizenship, safe use of the internet, and risk prevention in the digital environment, in the school context, by State includes the initiatives/experiences reported by the States participating in the report in relation to the first point.
The information available shows that, although not all States have incorporated these contents into their educational curricula as such, the issue is, in fact, addressed in some way in school contexts. In this regard, it is possible to distinguish three non-exclusive situations:
• States that have incorporated content on digital citizenship, safe use of the internet, and online risk prevention into existing subjects, and/or that currently have initiatives underway to modify the curriculum.67
• States in which, at the initiative of the education sector itself, extracurricular activities addressing these issues are promoted or developed.68
• States in which other institutions generally, the governing body for children, the police, and civil society carry out initiatives that take place in or are aimed at educational centers.69
Table 5—Training/awareness initiatives/resources for teachers and families, by State includes information reported by States regarding the training of teachers and families. Three main resources are identified:
• training courses related to or with content linked to the subject70
• information and awareness-raising activities, in various formats71
• materials and tools, with common or differentiated content depending on their role.72
The main drivers of these initiatives and resources are the governing bodies for children, education, and telecommunications.
67 Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama.
68 Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama.
69 Brazil, Canada, Ecuador, El Salvador, Jamaica, Panama, Peru.
70 Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Ecuador report this type of information.
71 Canada, Ecuador, and Mexico report this type of information.
72 Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Mexico report this type of information.
Table 4- An approach to the topics of digital citizenship, safe use of the internet, and risk prevention in the digital environment, in the school context, by State73
STATE Experiences/initiatives addressing the issue in the school context
• Under the heading "Media Education in Basic Education" of the Brazilian Media Education Strategy, the following initiatives, among others, are proposed: activities aimed at media education within the extended school day of the Full-Day School Program; acquisition of teaching materials that include the teaching of skills and abilities related to media education; organization of Brazilian Media Education Week, which seeks to promote awareness of the importance of the issue.
• The Federal Police, through the Guardians of Childhood Project, promotes socio-educational actions in public and private schools throughout the country, with the aim of teaching and encouraging the safe, responsible, and positive use of the Internet, reducing risks and strengthening the protection network for children and adolescents. The actions are aimed at adolescents, teachers and school administrators, families or caregivers, and members of the protection network.
CANADA
• Public Safety Canada has developed the Online Dangers Roadshow initiative, an interactive experience aimed at 7th and 8th grade students, which aims to help students understand how a person who is cyberbullied and/or sexually exploited online may feel, as well as raise awareness about the risks and how to ask for help.
• The RCMP National Youth Services offers talks and educational materials to schools on topics such as cyberbullying, sexual extortion, healthy relationships, and online grooming.
• The national curriculum (from 1st grade basic education to 2nd grade secondary school) is currently being updated to create a flexible curriculum that incorporates the new challenges facing today's society. The proposed update includes digital citizenship as a cross-curricular learning objective. "From 1st to 6th grades basic education, the objective is to 'develop an ethical relationship with digital technologies and the information available on them, recognizing their possibilities and risks, and using them in a thoughtful, safe, responsible, and innovative way.' For 7th grade basic to 2nd grade secondary, this implies "participating ethically in safe digital environments through the critical, responsible, and innovative use of digital technologies and the evaluation, development, and communication of information in multiple media and formats." It also incorporates specific learning objectives related to safe digital environments in some subjects. "For example, in the subject Technology and Innovation, Learning Objective
73 The table does not include Costa Rica because its response to the Consultation Form does not report specific information on this issue.
COLOMBIA
3 was included in 2nd grade: 'Understanding basic digital security and privacy rules when using electronic devices and their digital applications, the importance of significant adult support, emphasizing personal care and information when browsing and communicating in connected spaces.'"74
• The paper on Digital Citizenship for the Challenges of Educational Communities from the Ministry of Education and Culture includes reflections on links and opportunities for the development of Digital Citizenship in the curriculum from 1st grade basic to 4th grade secondary school.
The education sector has promoted complementary and extracurricular activities that address these issues in the school context, through interagency partnerships with entities such as the Ministry for ICT, Family Welfare, the National Police, and the participation of civil society organizations such as Red PaPaz.
• Since 2022, the Ministry of Education, with technical support from the Ministry of Telecommunications and the Information Society and other entities, has incorporated content on cybersecurity, safe use of the Internet, protection of personal data, and prevention of grooming and sextortion into the areas of Citizenship Education (EGB Superior and BGU), Language, and Social Studies.
ECUADOR
EL SALVADOR
• Likewise, as part of its strategy for prevention and education on responsible Internet use, it promotes the "Digital Guardians" course for students: a 10-hour virtual course aimed at students aged 12 and over, which includes topics such as digital literacy, digital skills, safe use, risk prevention, and application of the digital violence protocol.
• Article 54 of the Growing Together Act establishes the State's duty to include various topics of interest in the educational curriculum, including the proper use of new information and communication technologies and the use of the digital environment (paragraph j).
• The El Salvador Digital Agenda 2020-2030 proposes supporting the reform of the curriculum to incorporate digital skills from early childhood to higher education, as well as teacher training for the safe and pedagogical use of information and communication technologies.
• The Ministry of Education has incorporated content related to the safe use of the internet and digital citizenship across the board in the official study programs for the second and third cycles, as well as in secondary education, in the area of Citizenship and Values and in the subject of Computer Science. Among the topics covered are:
- "Digital citizenship: Key concepts on responsible, ethical, and participatory behavior in digital environments, including digital rights and responsibilities, online risks, and youth empowerment through the use of technologies.
- Digital security: Identification of risks such as phishing, online scams, cyberbullying, identity theft, and inappropriate content; prevention and reporting strategies, recognition of current legislation.
74 Content taken verbatim (in the Spanish version) from the response of the Office of the Ombudsman for Children to Consultation Form 2025, presented as an Alternative Report.
MEXICO
- Protection of personal information: Proper use of passwords, privacy settings, and understanding of sensitive data.
- Privacy and online presence: Reflection on managing one's digital footprint and the consequences of content shared on online platforms.
- Critical thinking in the digital environment: Critical evaluation of the veracity of information, detection of fake news, and analysis of the reliability of sources and sites.
- Online social-emotional skills: Promotion of respectful, empathetic, and responsible online interactions.75
• The National Civil Police (PNC, in Spanish), through its Information and Communication Technology (ICT) program, holds preventive talks in schools aimed at children and adolescents, with the aim of warning them about the risks of inappropriate use of the internet and social networks and informing them about mechanisms for protection and reporting possible crimes and violations online.
• The Ministry of Education, Skills, Youth and Information has included content on safe Internet use and prevention of risks of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in the Health and Family Life Education curriculum, which is taught at the primary and secondary levels.
• The Office of the Children's Advocate developed and published a Manual for the prevention of in-person and online child sexual harassment, which is distributed to primary school students. It has also developed and disseminated materials that promote safe Internet use among children and adolescents in primary and secondary schools under the "Be Social ... Be Smart" initiative.
• Since 2011, the Broadcasting Commission Jamaica has been running an Annual School Outreach Programme, which engages students in a variety of topics related to online safety through both in-person and virtual presentations.
"Since 2022, basic and secondary education curricula have included modules on 'digital safety,' 'grooming prevention,' and 'responsible Internet use,' with a focus on rights, gender, and shared responsibility."76
• The Ministry of Education incorporates content on the responsible use of technology and social media through subjects such as Technology and Home Education. This content promotes awareness of digital risks, online respect, and personal data protection.
PANAMA
• SENNIAF, through the Directorate for Comprehensive Protection, offers content on safe internet use and risk prevention in digital environments in educational centers, with the following characteristics:
"General objective: to train children and adolescents in the educational community in the safe and responsible use of the internet, preventing and detecting risks associated with sexual exploitation in the digital environment and other digital risks.
75 Content taken verbatim (in the Spanish version) from the response of the State of El Salvador to the 2025 Consultation Form.
76 Content taken verbatim (in the Spanish version) from the State of Mexico's response to the 2025 Consultation Form.
Content for primary school students (under 11 years old): What is the internet and how is it used? Personal information, strangers online, secure passwords, inappropriate content, privacy, cyberbullying, and screen time rules.
Content for secondary school students (aged 11 to 17): digital identity and digital footprint, privacy and security settings, cybersecurity, risks of interacting with strangers, sextortion, critical consumption of content, risky behaviors, legal framework, reporting and help channels, mental health, and digital well-being.”77
• The Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations is implementing the communication campaign "Connect Without Risks" which aims to inform children and adolescents about the dangers in digital environments, as well as what to do and where to go in these situations. The main themes of the communication campaign are: cyberbullying, grooming, sextortion, sexting, sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in digital environments, human trafficking, online gaming, and sharenting. The campaign is being coordinated with educational institutions to disseminate the content.
Table 5- Training/awareness initiatives/resources for teachers and families
STATE Training/awareness initiatives and resources for teachers and families
• The Brazilian Media Education Strategy states that "teachers must develop knowledge and skills to guide students on conscious consumption, ethical production, and responsible distribution of digital content. They must also be trained to promote digital literacy, fake news recognition, personal data protection, and online safety. This training must be ongoing and constantly updated, keeping pace with the rapid transformations brought about by new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, data analysis, and algorithms." In this regard, under the action area "Continuing education and training for education professionals and multipliers," it proposes, among other things, the following action: availability of courses and other quality educational content related to the various competencies and skills of media education on the MEC's digital platforms, such as the AVAMEC Platform, for the continuing education of education professionals throughout the country (p.27-28).78
77 Content taken verbatim (in the Spanish version) from the State of Panama's response to Consultation Form 2025.
78 Within the framework of the Multi-Year Plan (2024-2027) of this Strategy, it is expected that 300,000 education professionals will be trained (Response of the State of Brazil to the 2025 Consultation Form).
CANADA
• The Federal Government presented a paper on Children, adolescents, and screens: Guide on the use of digital devices, which contains information and recommendations on the use of digital devices based on scientific evidence and international experiences. It includes a section with practical tools for families.
• The Ministry of Education launched three guidance documents to support the implementation of Law No. 15,100/2025, which restricts the use of cell phones during classes, recesses, and breaks in schools. One of these guides is aimed at families, with the goal of promoting dialogue between parents, guardians, and students about the healthy and conscious use of technology.
• The Canadian Centre for Child Protection promotes the MediaSmarts Program: a center dedicated to media and digital literacy, which offers various resources for parents, teachers, and policymakers, with the aim of promoting safe and informed use of digital media.
• The RCMP's National Youth Services regularly organizes online safety sessions throughout the year for parents, educators, and other partners, with the aim of providing them with up-to-date knowledge on digital trends and practical tools to guide and protect children and adolescents in the digital environment.
• The Ministry of Education promotes various initiatives aimed at training and raising awareness among teachers and families:
- Through platforms such as Educar Chile and Convivencia para la Ciudadanía (Educating Chile and Coexistence for Citizenship), it offers training and other types of resources to provide them with tools to identify, address, and prevent risky situations online, with an emphasis on cyberbullying.
- Within the framework of the National Policy on Educational Coexistence, it presents Booklet 10 - How to prevent and address violence in the educational community, which aims to provide tools for understanding the different types of violence and strategies for addressing violence that may occur occasionally or constantly in the educational community. It is aimed at adults in the educational community, regardless of their role, including parents and caregivers.
- Issued some Guidelines for the regulation of the use of cell phones and other mobile devices in educational establishments, which include recommendations regarding: encouraging conversations and reflections on risky behaviors and situations in digital environments; control of content and time of use of devices; the need to teach students about online safety, privacy, and digital footprint; and the importance of adult supervision.
• The Office of the Ombudsman for Children has developed various materials with the aim of strengthening the capacities of management teams and teachers in addressing these issues from a human rights perspective. Among these materials are: Educational Guide for Teachers on Human Rights for Children and Adolescents and its nine thematic guides, including a Thematic Guide on Digital Environments.
COLOMBIA
• Since 2025, the Colombian Institute of Family Welfare, through its Directorates for Children, Adolescents, and Youth, has been promoting a national strategy "#VocesQuePrevienen – Todas las Violencias" (Voices that Prevent – All Forms of Violence), which comprehensively addresses the different forms of violence that affect children and adolescents, including those that occur in digital environments. This strategy consists of four coordinated lines of action, two of which relate to the training of teachers and families: (i) the creation and distribution of a library of educational and communication tools aimed at regional teams, teachers, families, and communities; (ii) the development of regional learning communities that incorporate actors from the education, health, protection, and social sectors. The library "includes practical tools for working with children and adolescents on identifying online risks, respecting digital privacy, understanding consent in virtual environments, recognizing situations involving grooming or deception for the purpose of CSEC, and strengthening trust routes for reporting." The learning communities, for their part, "enable the technical training of key actors in the protection system and the education sector, promoting reflection on the challenges of the digital world, the role of families and schools in prevention, and the design of concrete actions with a life course, differential, and gender approach."79
• The Ministry of Information and Communications Technology is developing the CiberPaz Program, which aims to raise awareness among children, adolescents, families, and teachers about the safe and responsible use of ICTs through awareness-raising, training, and a diversity of content.
• The National Children's Trust has a family support program that provides guidance on the safe use of social networks, risk situations, and reporting mechanisms.
COSTA RICA
ECUADOR
• The PANIAMOR Foundation promotes an e-mentors initiative, which contains various resources for families and adolescents over the age of 11 aimed at promoting the safe and responsible use of technologies, and a specialized course for institutions that work with children and adolescents.
• In order to guarantee an education free of violence in physical and digital environments and in compliance with ruling No. 456-20-JP/21, the Ministry of Education proposed a strategy for prevention and education on the responsible use of the internet, risks, and the application of the protocol in case of rights violations on the internet, with three components: information, education, and awareness, which includes various resources for children and adolescents, teachers, and families.
Within the framework of education, a course for teachers "Digital Guardians in Education" is offered, available at the Me capacito Continuing Education Center. This is "a 40-hour virtual course aimed at teachers and/or professionals from the Student Counseling Departments (DECE, in Spanish) that includes topics such as: digital literacy, digital skills, safe use, risk prevention, and application of the digital violence protocol."
• The Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Society (MINTEL, in Spanish) promotes the "Safe InternetEcuador" program, which aims to "strengthen prevention capabilities against digital risks, including online sexual exploitation." Through "face-to-face talks, virtual workshops,
79 Content taken verbatim (in the Spanish version) from the State of Colombia's response to the 2025 Consultation Form.
EL SALVADOR
downloadable resources, and audiovisual materials aimed at teachers, parents, caregivers, and children and adolescents, it disseminates content such as prevention of grooming and sextortion; how to identify and report inappropriate sexual content; safe use of social networks, games, and digital platforms; and protection of digital identity and personal data."80
• Through the National ICT Teacher Training Plan, run by the Ministry of Education and MINTEL, teachers are offered ongoing training with modules on digital citizenship, online risks, and educational tools for the prevention of digital violence.
• CONAPINA, through its School for Specialized Training and Education on Children and Adolescents, has held in-person workshops with the overall goal of preventing situations of violence in digital environments, addressing issues such as cybercrime, bullying, and cyberbullying.
• "The Ministry of Innovation launched the ‘Learning about Innovation’ strategy, which provides asynchronous educational resources on the responsible use of technology, aimed at educators and parents or family members."81
The Broadcasting Commission Jamaica has ongoing initiatives such as the Adult Digital Literacy Program, as well as conferences and webinars on the subject.
• The Ministry of Public Education, through the National School Coexistence Program (PNCE, in Spanish), conducts in-person and virtual workshops, and offers audiovisual materials, and downloadable guides to promote cybersecurity in school environments.
• The Ministry of Communications and Transportation developed a Cybersecurity Guide for the use of telecommunications networks and devices in support of education, which includes cybersecurity recommendations for children, adolescents, parents, guardians, and teachers, identifying among the most common threats contact with online predators, online grooming, and sexting.
SENNIAF provides training on safe internet use for teachers and families, as detailed below: "Teachers:
Objective: To train teachers to effectively incorporate content on safe internet use and risk prevention into the school curriculum, associated with the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in digital environments, so that they can identify and act on possible situations.
Content: Navigating Together in the Digital World, Crucial Conversations about Online Safety, How to respond to situations of cyberbullying or online harassment, identifying warning signs, reporting channels, support organizations, and digital well-being.
80 Content taken verbatim (in the Spanish version) from the State of Ecuador's response to the 2025 Consultation Form.
81 Content taken verbatim (in the Spanish version) from the response of the State of El Salvador to the 2025 Consultation Form.
PERU
Families:
Objective: To provide families with tools and knowledge to supervise their children's internet use, promote a safe digital environment at home, and prevent risky situations.
Content: Navigating the Digital World Together, Privacy and security settings on devices, parental control tools, how to talk to your children about the risks of the internet, building trust, how to respond to cyberbullying or online harassment, identifying warning signs, reporting channels, support organizations, and digital well-being.82
As part of the "Connect Safely" communication campaign, complementary information is provided to parents, caregivers, and teachers. A toolkit has also been developed to address these issues.
82 Content taken verbatim (in the Spanish version) from the State of Panama's response to the 2025 Consultation Form.
4.1. Criminal legislation on sexual exploitation and other forms of sexual violence against children and adolescents in the digital environment
The adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, and other international human rights treaties, entails a commitment by States to promote legislative reforms in order to harmonize national regulations with international commitments and standards, among other measures. Initiatives to adapt national legislation to contemporary contexts are key processes in the effective protection of the rights of children and adolescents in the digital environment.
Below is an analysis of how national regulations mainstream and regulate acts and activities associated with the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in the digital environment, based on an analysis of criminal legislation and legislation applicable to the regulation of activities in the digital environment reported by States.
In general terms, it is possible to identify different degrees of regulatory adequacy for the forms of online sexual violence. Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, and Peru have more up-to-date legal frameworks, with specific criminal offenses that include actions that constitute the forms under analysis, including grooming, sexting, and sexual extortion of children and adolescents. Brazil, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Mexico, and Panama have legal frameworks that enable the legal protection of children and adolescents against these forms of online sexual exploitation and violence, with criminal offenses that include references to the digital environment, and others that were drafted with broad bases that allow for adaptation according to context, but without specific references.
Regarding each of the types:
Material depicting the sexual abuse and exploitation of children and adolescents and live streaming of sexual abuse and exploitation of children and adolescents
These forms include acts such as offering, obtaining, facilitating, producing, distributing, disseminating, transmitting, importing, exporting, selling, or possessing, among other related activities, material containing child sexual abuse or exploitation, whether real or simulated, as well as the transmission by electronic means and remote observation of acts of sexual abuse and exploitation.
The regulations we reviewed include provisions for both types of offenses in criminal legislation. The offense of child sexual abuse and exploitation material is classified as a separate crime in the Brazilian Statute of the Child and Adolescent, the Canadian Criminal Code, the Chilean Criminal Code, the Criminal Code of Colombia, the Criminal Code of Costa Rica, the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code of Ecuador, the Criminal Code of El Salvador, the Child Pornography Prevention Act of Jamaica, the Federal Criminal Code of Mexico, the Criminal Code of Panama and its amendment by Law No. 478 of 2025, and the Criminal Code of Peru.
Online grooming for sexual purposes
This involves actions that include contacting, harassing, propositioning, and/or manipulating children and adolescents for sexual purposes through the use of information and communication technologies.
Of the regulations reviewed, we particularly note the classification contained in the Federal Criminal Code of Brazil, the Criminal Code of Canada, the Criminal Code of Colombia, the Criminal Code of Costa Rica, the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code of Ecuador, the Special Law against Computer and Related Crimes of El Salvador, Law No. 478 of 2025 on cybercrime in Panama, and Peru's Law on Computer Crimes, which clearly include the concept of contact and facilitating contact with children and adolescents by electronic means for sexual purposes as an autonomous criminal act.
In the case of Peru, the distinction made based on the age of the victim is noteworthy; for cases in which the adolescent subjected to sexual violence is between the ages of fourteen and eighteen, it establishes the condition that "deception be involved," an element that should be reviewed from the perspective of the child rights.
Unwanted sexting
This type of crime is understood as the practice of generating and sharing messages with erotic-sexual or sexually explicit content, such as photographs, videos, and texts, which attempt to make contact with, pressure, or "prepare" the child or adolescent for sexual purposes.
Sexting is classified as a crime in El Salvador under the Special Law against Computer and Related Crimes, under the heading of "Exchange of messages of a sexual nature with children and adolescents." The same approach is taken by the criminal law in Colombia, which criminalizes the use of means of communication "to obtain sexual contact with minors under eighteen (18) years of age, or to offer sexual services with them," which includes sexting. Its specific regulation represents a good practice in the progressive adaptation of legislation to guarantee the protection of the rights of children and adolescents in the current context.
Sexual extortion of children and adolescents
Extortion or blackmail of children or adolescents for sexual purposes in the digital environment involves making them share or disseminate eroticsexual content online, whether video, audio, photographs, images, real or simulated, through threats or intimidation.
Peru's Computer Crimes Law specifically regulates sexual blackmail with materials produced or modified by digital or technological means, considering it an aggravating factor when the victim is a child or adolescent.
Law No. 478 of 2025 on cybercrime in Panama regulates acts of intimidation or threat through "information and communication technologies and when the crime involves real, simulated, or generated images, audio, or videos of intimate sexual content."
El Salvador's Special Law against Computer and Related Crimes specifically defines the crime of sexual extortion of children and adolescents through information and communication technologies, stating: "Anyone who forces, blackmails, threatens, or coerces a child, adolescent, or person with a disability to send, forward, or transmit real or simulated sexually explicit audio, images, or videos, or images of their naked body, for the purpose of obtaining sexual satisfaction or profit, benefit, or advantage for themselves or a third party, shall be punished with imprisonment for eight to twelve years."
Exposure to harmful or age-inappropriate sexual content
The exposure of children and adolescents to material with explicit or harmful erotic-sexual content, with consideration of their age and development, is regulated in some legislations under the concept of corruption of minors with sexual content, as is the case in Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, and Panama. Chile establishes a regulation with specific focus on the use of technical devices for actions with sexual implications.
4.2. Reporting/complaint mechanisms
5.
All the States party to the Report have various mechanisms for reporting and/or denouncing situations of sexual exploitation and other forms of sexual violence associated with the digital environment, handled by different institutions according to their purview. Most of them have both online and offline communication channels, with diversification and modernization tending toward the communication tools currently in use, such as WhatsApp, social networks, and apps. Table 6—Reporting and/or complaint mechanisms and channels available, by State—presents the information shared by the States.
Among the institutions that receive reports or complaints, the following stand out: the governing body for children's issues or other institutions of a similar nature in the administration;83 the police;84 and the public prosecutor's office.85 Also noteworthy is the experience of the reporting hotlines,86 which are mainly handled by civil society organizations.87
6.
In general, the mechanisms are generic in nature; that is, they receive reports/complaints of all types of crimes or rights violations. The greatest level of specificity is to be found in reporting hotlines and channels of specialized police and prosecutorial units. This lack of specificity, among other reasons, could explain the difficulties observed in receiving complaints and providing empathetic and specialized treatment in this instance. 7.
It should be noted that only two States (Jamaica and Peru) report mechanisms aimed at or designed for children and adolescents.
83 Referenced by Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, Jamaica, Panama, and Peru.
84 Referenced by Canada, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Jamaica, and Panama.
85 Referenced by Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, and Panama.
86 For further information on reporting hotlines, see: IIN-OAS/INHOPE (2024). Reporting hotlines as a mechanism to combat the sexual abuse and exploitation of children and adolescents through the Internet. Thematic note. March 2024. https://www.annaobserva.org/es/las-lineas-de-reporte-como-mecanismo-para-el-combate-del-abuso-y-laexplotacion-sexual-de-ninas-ninos-y-adolescentes-a-traves-de-internet/
87 Referenced by Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico.
Therefore, and linking this to the challenges noted in the application of legislation in relation to the lack of complaints (see section 4.5), it is estimated that the problem does not lie in the absence of reporting/complaint mechanisms, but rather in their limited dissemination and socialization among the population as a whole and their accessibility, particularly for children and adolescents.
Table 6- Reporting and/or complaint mechanisms and channels available, by State STATE Reporting and/or complaint mechanisms available BRAZIL
• Dial 100—Ministry of Human Rights and Citizenship
88
This is a mechanism for reporting human rights violations. Cases are analyzed individually and referred to the relevant institutions: Guardianship Council, Public Prosecutor's Office, Specialized Police Stations, and social assistance services.
Communication channels:
- Toll-free telephone line, accessible from any landline or mobile phone, operating 24 hours a day, every day, including weekends and holidays, with nationwide coverage.
- WhatsApp: (61) 99611-0100 or via the link https://wa.me/5561996110100
- LIBRAS service: Video call system in Brazilian Sign Language, for deaf or hearing-impaired people: https://atendelibras.mdh.gov.br/acesso
- In-person assistance: National Human Rights Ombudsman. Esplanada dos Ministérios Bloco A – Ground Floor. CEP: 70.049-900 – Brasília, DF., and Itinerant Ombudsmen (who travel to different areas of the country, especially those that are difficult to access).
• Reporting line - SaferNet Brazil
Online platform for receiving anonymous reports of crimes and human rights violations on the Internet. Reports are forwarded to the relevant authorities, such as the Public Prosecutor's Office and the Federal Police, for investigation and the adoption of appropriate legal measures. SaferNet Brazil also operates a helpline.
88 Further information available at: https://www.gov.br/pt-br/servicos/denunciar-violacao-de-direitos-humanos and https://www.gov.br/mdh/pt-br/ondh
CANADA
• Local Police Services
Reports can be made in person or via non-emergency telephone lines.
• Cybertip.ca - Canadian Centre for Child Protection
Online platform for reporting cases of sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and adolescents on the Internet.
• Report directly to service providers using the tools they provide for reporting harmful content.
• Local Children's Offices, located throughout the country.
• Safe Reporting Program - Undersecretary of Crime Prevention.
Allows anonymous and confidential reporting of various crimes, including "sexual crimes against minors." The information collected is forwarded to the police and prosecutors for investigation.
Communication channels:
- *4242. Telephone line accessible from any landline or mobile phone, operating 24 hours a day, every day, including weekends and holidays, with nationwide coverage.
- Via the web: https://denunciaseguroweb.minsegpublica.gob.cl/
• Chilean National Police (Carabineros)
Communication channels:
CHILE
- Children's Hotline 147: Specialized telephone line for receiving reports and requests related to children and adolescents.
- Phone 133 (Emergencies): For emergency situations that require immediate police intervention.
- In-person reports at any Carabineros police station throughout the country
• Chilean Investigative Police (PDI, in Spanish) - Cybercrime Investigation Brigade (BRICIB, in Spanish)/Sexual Crimes Brigades (BRISEX, in Spanish).
Communication channels:
- Phone 134: Emergencies
- WhatsApp: +569 34599762.
- Email: BRICIB-cibercrimen@investigaciones.cl, cibercrimen.vpo@investigaciones.cl, cibercrimen.coc@investigaciones.cl BRISEXbrisexme@investigaciones.cl
- In-person reports at any PDI station in the country
• Chilean Public Prosecutor's Office (Ministry of Public Affairs)
Communication channels:
COLOMBIA
- Online: download a form from the website (www.fiscaliadechile.cl), fill it out with as much information as possible, and send it to the email address of the local prosecutor's office corresponding to the municipality where the crime occurred.
- National Call Center: 600 333 0000- guidance channel
- In-person report at any local prosecutor's office.
• Colombian Institute of Family Welfare (ICBF, in Spanish)
Communication channels:
- National toll-free number 01 8000 91 80 80: Available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
- Child and Adolescent Protection Line 141: Available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
- Institutional switchboard: +57 (601) 437 76 30. Monday to Friday, from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
- In-person service at Regional Offices, Zone Centers, and ICBF Headquarters. Monday through Friday, from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
- Email: atencionalciudadano@icbf.gov.co
• CAI Virtual Platform— National Police Cyber Center
Receives citizen reports on websites, profiles, or content that may be related to CSEC. Contains a link to the National Virtual Reporting System.
• TeProtejo Reporting Hotline - Red PaPaz
Platform that allows users to report illegal content or risky situations online involving children and adolescents.
• National Children's Trust
Communication channels:
- Free 9-1-1 helpline and support line, available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
- Line 1147
COSTA
RICA
- WhatsApp: 8989-1147
• Judicial Investigation Agency (OIJ, in Spanish) - Judicial Branch
Communication channels:
- Confidential hotline 800-8000-645 free, available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
- WhatsApp: 8800-0645
ECUADOR
• ECU 911 Integrated Security Service
Communication channels:
- 911 telephone line
- ECU 911 app
• State Attorney General's Office:
Communication channels:
- Toll-free telephone line 1800-DELITO (335486)
- Online web form for reporting gender-based violence crimes, including those related to SEC.
- In person at prosecutor's offices nationwide
- "Mobile Prosecutor" app
• National Council for Early Childhood, Children, and Adolescents (CONAPINA, in Spanish)
Communication channels:
- Helpline 119, through which violations of rights can be reported.
- Institutional social media
- Protection Boards, deployed in the country's 14 departments.
EL SALVADOR
• National Civil Police
Communication channels:
- 911 emergency telephone line
- In person at its various offices nationwide.
• Attorney General's Office (FGR)
- Prosecutor's offices throughout El Salvador.
• Hotline 211—Child Protection and Family Services Agency
Free 24-hour service that allows anyone to report cases of child abuse.
• Office of the Children's Advocate
Communication channels:
- In person
MEXICO
- Phone calls
- Platforms and social media such as WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat, and Twitter.
- SafeSpot helpline for children and adolescents. Available free of charge, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
• Jamaica Constabulary Force's Centre for the Investigation of Sexual Offenses and Child Abuse (CISOCA)
Can be contacted at 876-926-4079.
• International reporting and helplines89
CyberTipline - National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC)
DHS Know2Protect Tipline – telephone contact at 833-591-KNOW (5669).
• National Anti-Trafficking Hotline: 800 5533 000
• Line 089 Anonymous reporting allows citizens to report crimes confidentially.
• National Guard Cyber Prosecutor's Office
• Te Protejo Mexico Reporting Hotline
Free and anonymous digital platform that allows users to report situations of online child sexual abuse.
• National Secretariat for Children, Adolescents, and Families (SENNIAF, in Spanish)
• Public Prosecutor's Office
PANAMA
PERU
• National Police - Judicial Investigation Division (DIJ, in Spanish)
• Ombudsman's Office.
• Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations (MIMP, in Spanish)
Communication channels:
- Line 100—free telephone service available 24 hours a day nationwide.
- Chat 100 - free service available 24 hours a day nationwide.
- Line 1810, free specialized helpline for children and adolescents whose rights are being infringed.
- Women's Emergency Centers (CEM, in Spanish).
89 Although it was only mentioned by Jamaica, it should be noted that international reporting hotlines receive reports from any country in the world. National hotlines can also receive reports and, through the mechanisms connecting the hotlines, forward the report to the corresponding country.
4.3. Specialized units for the investigation and prosecution of crimes associated with sexual exploitation and other forms of sexual violence against children and adolescents online
Most of the States included in the report indicate the existence of specialized units for the investigation and prosecution of crimes associated with sexual exploitation and other forms of sexual violence against children and adolescents occurring in the digital environment, within both police and prosecutorial agencies. This information is presented in Table 7 - Specialized Units for Investigation and Criminal Prosecution, by State.
In general, these units specialize in sexual crimes, transnational organized crime human trafficking, and cybercrimes. Brazil and Canada report having police units dedicated specifically to SEC in the digital environment: Unit for the Suppression of Hate Crimes and Child Pornography on the Internet (URCOP for its acronym in Portuguese) and Internet Child Exploitation (ICE) Units, respectively.
Only five of the 11 States included in the report (Canada, Chile, El Salvador, Jamaica, and Panama) included information in their reports on the difficulties these specialized units face in their work. However, it is possible to identify some common challenges, including:
✓ An increase in the number of suspected cases and greater complexity of cases, due to the sophistication of the techniques used by perpetrators (such as the use of encryption technologies and tools that guarantee anonymity—VPNs, cryptocurrencies).90
✓ Insufficient human and technological resources. 91
✓ Need for specialized training and ongoing training/updates, due to rapid technological developments and changes in online criminal methods.92
90 Mentioned by Canada, Chile, and Jamaica.
91 Mentioned by Canada, Chile, El Salvador, Jamaica, and Panama.
92 Mentioned by Chile, El Salvador, and Jamaica.
93
✓ Impact on people working in this field. Constant exposure to child sexual abuse and exploitation material and other aspects of the nature of the work generate physical, psychological, emotional, and behavioral impacts that can negatively affect the health and well-being of workers.
Table 7- Specialized units for investigation and criminal prosecution, by State94
STATE SPECIALIZED UNITS
Federal Police
Law enforcement agency
BRAZIL
CANADA
Prosecutor's
Office/Public Ministry
Law enforcement agency
• Directorate for Combating Cybercrime (DCIBER, in Portuguese), created in 2023. Specialized Cybercrime Units present in various units of the federation, with specific powers to investigate online crimes, including the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in the digital environment.
• Unit for the Suppression of Hate Crimes and Child Pornography on the Internet (URCOP)
State Police
Specialized Delegations for the Protection of Children and Adolescents (DEPCA, in Portuguese) in the State Civil Police Forces.
Specialized units for combating cybercrime and the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents.
• National Child Exploitation Crime Centre (NCECC) - part of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). Its mandate is to promote police investigations into online child sexual exploitation by facilitating communication at all levels between national police agencies and their international counterparts.
93 Although it was only mentioned by two of the States Canada and Chile it is considered a significant issue that requires attention.
94 The table does not include Colombia and Costa Rica because they do not report specific information on this issue.
CHILE
Prosecutor's
• Internet Child Exploitation (ICE) Units, specialized units investigating online child sexual exploitation. They operate at all levels of law enforcement agencies across the country (federal, provincial, and municipal). They receive specialized support from the NCECC—as the focal point in this area—in terms of intelligence, investigation, and operations.
Office/Public Ministry No specific information reported
Chilean Investigative Police (PDI, in Spanish)
• Cybercrime Investigation Brigades (BRICIB, in Spanish) - This is the specialized unit responsible for investigating crimes committed through information and communication technologies; it has a specialized area for digital violence. Its functions include digital forensic analysis, tracking and monitoring, undercover operations, and international cooperation. There are three BRICIB units in three regions of the country: Metropolitan, Valparaíso, and Concepción, with a total staff of 113 officers.
Law enforcement agency
Prosecutor's
Office/Public Ministry
• Sexual Crimes Brigades (BRISEX, in Spanish). These brigades are responsible for investigating sexual crimes against children, adolescents, and adults, with a victim-centered approach. They work together with BRICIB when the crime has a digital aspect.
Chilean Police (Carabineros)
• Carabineros Criminalistics Section (LABOCAR, in Spanish). Although its scope is broader, it has experts specializing in computer forensics who can intervene in cases of digital crime.
• Cybersecurity investigation units.
• Prosecutors Specializing in Sexual Crimes
• Criminal Analysis and Investigation Units (SACFI, in Spanish): these units handle highly complex cases or crime clusters, including digital sexual exploitation. They are present in regional prosecutors' offices.
ECUADOR
Law enforcement agency
• National Directorate for Cybercrime Investigation – National Police. Its functions include the technical and forensic investigation of online sex crimes and coordination with Interpol for the international tracking of illegal material.
• Gender Violence Prosecutors' Offices
Prosecutor's
Office/Public Ministry
Law enforcement agency
EL SALVADOR
Prosecutor's
Office/Public Ministry
• Organized, Transnational, and International Crime Prosecutors
• National Unit Specializing in Cybercrime Investigation. It is responsible for investigating crimes against the security of information and communication systems assets, as well as criminal offenses committed through the use of information and communication technologies. It is based in Quito and has nationwide investigative reach.
• Cybercrime Investigation Unit - National Civil Police (PNC, in Spanish). It acts solely under the orders of the public prosecutor.
• Specialized Units for Women, Children, and Adolescents (UAEMNA, in Spanish). They investigate crimes such as grooming, sextortion, and the production or dissemination of child sexual abuse material, among others. These units are distributed across 19 offices nationwide.
• Specialized Prosecutor's Unit for Illegal Smuggling and Human Trafficking Crimes. Responsible for conducting investigations related to all forms of human trafficking, including sexual exploitation through technology. Has national jurisdiction.
Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF).
Law enforcement agency
• Centre for the Investigation of Sexual Offenses and Child Abuse (CISOCA).
• Communication Forensics and Cybercrime Division (CFCD)
Prosecutor's
Office/Public Prosecutor's Office
No specific information reported.
MEXICO
Law enforcement agency
Prosecutor's Office/Public Prosecutor's Office
Law enforcement agency
PANAMA
No specific information reported.
• Special Prosecutor's Office for Crimes of Violence against Women and Human Trafficking (FEVIMTRA, in Spanish).
• Cybercrime Unit and State Prosecutor's Offices with Cybercrime Units (in 25 states).
• Sexual Crimes Unit - Judicial Investigation Directorate (DIJ, in Spanish) - National Police
PERU
Prosecutor's
Office/Public Ministry
Law enforcement agency
Prosecutor's Office/Public
Prosecutor's Office
• Sections specializing in sex crimes
• Department of Child Cyber Protection - Cybercrime Investigation Directorate - Peruvian National Police.
• Prosecutors specializing in cybercrime
4.4. Measures implemented for the removal of material depicting the sexual abuse and exploitation of children and adolescents available online
The legal frameworks of the States parties to the Report contain measures for the removal of material depicting the sexual abuse and exploitation of children and adolescents in the digital environment, which are regularly associated with criminal investigation procedures and implemented on an interagency basis between criminal investigation agencies and the relevant child protection institutions.
With regard to other types of content that may affect the integrity of children and adolescents, such as photos, videos, or personal information published or disseminated through social media, online platforms, or any type of Internet service, personal data protection laws include provisions applicable to promoting their removal or deletion at the request of the affected person. "Personal data" is understood, in general terms, to be any information linked to, or that can be associated with one or more specific or identifiable natural persons, either directly or indirectly.
The right of deletion or removal consists in the power of a person, whether an adult, child, or adolescent, to request the removal of content from the entity responsible for processing personal data. This right is recognized in the personal data protection laws of Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Panama, and Peru. Although there are some differences specific to each legal culture, in general terms, the protection of this right falls to the State through the entities responsible for data protection, which regularly promote, as a first step, a direct request from the affected person or their representatives to the platform or data controller, and at a later stage, then proceed through the administrative authority to enforce the deletion or removal of the content or personal information.
4.5. Barriers to effective law enforcement
Despite existing regulations and available resources in terms of reporting/complaint and investigation mechanisms, the States parties to the Report identify various barriers to the criminal prosecution of this type of crime and the effective enforcement of the law.
The challenges existing in accessing justice in SEC situations in general, as highlighted in the 2024 Report, also apply to cases of SEC and other forms of sexual violence associated with the digital environment, to which are added new barriers derived from the particular characteristics and dynamics of this scenario.
Due to their prevalence in several States, the following stand out:
✓ Lack of reporting, whether due to fear, shame, guilt, threats, or ignorance of the channels.95 SEC cases or other forms of associated sexual violence occurring in the digital environment, in particular, often involve "active participation" on the part of the victims (in the creation and/or dissemination of material, for example), which in their own and society's imagination appears to make them responsible for the situation and leads to stigmatization and non-reporting.
✓ Rapid evolution of technologies and the dynamics of digital violence, which creates regulatory gaps and the need for constant updating of both legislation and investigative capabilities and strategies.96
✓ Technical and operational limitations of the public bodies responsible for investigation (analyzed in section 4.3).97
✓ Difficulty in collecting and preserving digital evidence, due to the volatility of content on networks, the use of end-to-end encryption, and the transnational actions of perpetrators.98
✓ Lack of cooperation from digital service providers, both in terms of content moderation and proactivity in detection and timely cooperation with authorities in investigations.99
✓ Complexity and timeframes of international judicial cooperation processes, which are necessary in most of these cases.100
95 Mentioned by Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, and Mexico.
96 Mentioned by Brazil, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, and Jamaica.
97 Mentioned by Brazil, El Salvador, and Mexico.
98 Mentioned by Brazil, Canada, Chile, Jamaica, and Panama.
99 Mentioned by Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Panama.
100 Mentioned by Chile and Jamaica.
The 2024 Report concluded that, although all States have some type of service or program that provides care for children and adolescents who are subjected to sexual exploitation, these services are not always specific, comprehensive, and specialized in this area; and that the available guidelines and technical guidance require constant review in light of new forms of manifestation of the phenomenon, including digital forms. In view of this, on this occasion, specific inquiries were made about experiences in providing care in situations of sexual exploitation and other forms of sexual violence associated with the digital environment, seeking to understand how work is carried out and what particular challenges are faced, considering the issue’s special characteristics and dynamics and the unique damage it can cause.
101
101 Among these characteristics, the following stand out: loss of control over material containing sexual abuse and exploitation, which can be used, shared, and disseminated repeatedly over time; the speed with which content can go viral; shame and/or self-blame for "active" participation in the situation (for example, by sharing a photo); the
Table 8 – Mechanisms for the care of children and adolescents who are subjected to sexual exploitation, by State, presents the institutions, services, and instruments (both administrative and judicial) reported by the States party to the report, through which, or on the basis of which, assistance is provided to children and adolescents subjected to sexual exploitation.
With the exception of the Support Services of the Canadian Centre for Child Protection (C3P) in Canada and MINEDUC-Ecuador’s Protocol for action in response to situations of digital violence detected or committed in the education system, the mechanisms available are not specific or exclusive to addressing SEC and other forms of associated sexual violence occurring in the digital environment. This was to be expected, given the absence of specialized services for SEC in general.
It was also possible to confirm that technical guidelines, or guidelines for existing services/programs and protocols do not include the digital dimension of the issue, or do so in a contextual manner without specific provisions related to intervention; and that provisions are not necessarily adapted to the characteristics of violence occurring in this environment.
102
With the exception of Canada, the States did not report, beyond the mechanisms available, on specific experiences in addressing this type of victimization and the particular challenges faced. The challenges mentioned refer to obstacles encountered in caring for victims’ sexual exploitation in general (lack of resources, limited coverage, lack of interagency coordination, limited mental health care services, among others), but are not specifically related to the dynamics of violence in the digital environment.
possibility of violence being carried out without physical contact and without direct physical harm; the multiplicity and possible anonymity of perpetrators; the feeling that "there is no safe place," given the presence of information and communication technologies in most of the physical spaces we inhabit; and difficulties in investigating and prosecuting these types of crimes. As a result of these dynamics, unique effects can arise that must be taken into account in intervention strategies, such as the possibility of constant and long-term re-victimization, long-term trauma and post-traumatic stress, social isolation due to the shame because of the massive nature of the violation, in addition to other impacts common to other situations.
102 For example, the Colombian Protocol stipulates that in all cases of sexual violence, the victim must be immediately referred to a health center for examination and for the collection and preservation of samples, physical evidence, and other material evidence that may contribute to the judicial process. However, this does not necessarily occur or apply in situations involving the digital environment, or not at the time the violation is detected (for example, violence can occur without physical contact or material evidence of abuse or exploitation, which is detected long after the physical abuse has occurred in person).
Canada reports that the challenges associated with the forms of victimization faced by the C3P when providing its support services are, in fact, related to the lack of specific and specialized knowledge and tools for intervention.103 For example:
• Lack of evidence-based protocols on the best way to support child and adolescent victims: when to share information if the child does not know that the assault was recorded; how to support them in the face of possible ongoing threats to their safety, especially when the perpetrators remain interested in them (e.g., collectors of child sexual abuse and exploitation material); how to protect their anonymity and privacy as much as possible, without hindering the judicial process and while maintaining accurate records.
• Lack of evidence-based protocols on how to adequately advise families on the long-term impact of online sexual victimization and what they can do to protect their children over time.
Therefore, a key finding is that specialized care for children and adolescents who are victims of sexual exploitation and other forms of sexual violence associated with the digital environment is an area of action that needs to be strengthened through the systematization of practices, research, specialized training, and the development of specific evidence-based tools.
103 This same state of affairs was confirmed by the ECPAT International Report (2025): "reported limited preparedness: only 35% (N=40) said they felt prepared to support children and adolescents in mobility in the safe use of digital technology, and 33% (N=37) indicated that they were not prepared to deal with cases of technology-facilitated exploitation."
104 Peru is not included in the table because, in its response to the Consultation Form, it reported that "there is no specific technical tool for the recovery or reintegration of children and adolescents affected by online sexual exploitation or sexual violence." The specificity of the response is appreciated. However, it should be noted that there are general care services in the country, as reported and documented in the 2024 Report, p. 74.
Of particular note is the experience of the Integrated Care Centers for children and adolescents who are victims or witnesses of violence, created by Law No. 13,431/2017, which bring together, in a single venue, the different bodies of the Rights Guarantee System, ensuring intersectoral and specialized care to ensure protected listening and avoid revictimization.
CANADA The Canadian Centre for Child Protection (C3P) offers support services to children and adolescents who have experienced online sexual victimization and their families, with a trauma-informed approach based on the principles of compassion, collaboration, acceptance, and self-efficacy. These supports include: crisis care and support to connect with long-term psychological support services; advice on reporting and the legal system; assistance in seeking the removal of material from the Internet; support for parents and caregivers in developing safety plans; and advice on applying for financial assistance or compensation.105
The C3P also manages NeedHelpNow.ca: an advice and support service for teens who have been affected by the non-consensual sharing of intimate images.
• Specialized programs on child sexual abuse (PRM, in Spanish) and sexual exploitation of children and adolescents (PEE, in Spanish)106 of the National Service for Specialized Protection of Children and Adolescents.
CHILE
COLOMBIA
• Regional Victim and Witness Assistance Units (URAVIT, in Spanish) of the Public Prosecutor's Office: their main function is to provide psychological, social, and legal support and comprehensive protection to victims and witnesses of crimes during the criminal process.
• Victim Support Program (PAV, in Spanish) of the Undersecretary for Crime Prevention: offers specialized psychological support, social guidance, and legal assistance, with the aim of contributing to the comprehensive recovery of victims and mitigating the effects of crime. It has Crime Victim Support Centers (CAVD, in Spanish) distributed throughout the country.
In all cases where there is knowledge of alleged violation of or threat to the rights of a child or adolescent, the relevant administrative authority (Family Defender, Family Commissioner, or Police Inspector) shall verify, through an interdisciplinary technical team, that their rights are safeguarded and, depending on the outcome, shall initiate the Administrative Process for the Restoration of Rights (PARD, in Spanish). In cases of sexual violence, the administrative authority shall activate the procedure for the health sector to provide comprehensive care as a medical emergency, act in accordance with the Protocol and model of comprehensive health care for victims of sexual violence, and file a complaint with the Attorney General's Office if one has not already been filed. The intervention of the health sector shall include the physical, mental, and emotional stabilization of the children and
105 Since 2021, C3P has handled more than 11,000 requests from survivors, young people, and/or their caregivers, and has provided support to more than 1,400 families and survivors (State of Canada's response to the Consultation Form, 2025).
106 The 2019 PEE Technical Guidelines recognize the Internet as an emerging setting for SEC, but do not include further references. Available at: https://www.sename.cl/web/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Orientaciones-Tecnicas-PEE.pdf
COSTA RICA
adolescents subjected to sexual exploitation; the application of diagnostic tests to rule out sexually transmitted infections; the care of other conditions resulting from the victimizing event, such as poisoning, wounds, or bruises; and the collection and preservation of samples or other physical evidence that may be useful in the judicial process.
The administrative authority may determine that children or adolescents subjected to sexual exploitation must be cared for in one of the care modalities available to the ICBF, namely: a) family support and strengthening modality, which includes: support intervention (psychosocial support), support intervention (specialized psychological support), and part-time day care; b) support and strengthening in an environment other than the family or support network, which includes: foster care or specialized boarding school. The intervention must be based on the provisions of the Technical Guidelines for the Care of Children and Adolescents Whose Rights Have Been Threatened or Violated, Victims of Sexual Violence107
• The National Children's Trust has nine 24/7 emergency response units for the detection and care of minors at risk, as well as institutional alternatives for the protection of children and adolescents who require it. It has an institutional protocol for the care of minors who are victims and survivors of human trafficking and minors who are the dependents of a human trafficking victim.108
• The Rahab Foundation is an organization that provides services to support victims of commercial sexual exploitation and human trafficking.
ECUADOR
• The Ministry of Women and Human Rights, through the Violetas Centers and Comprehensive Protection Services, provides interdisciplinary care psychological, social, and legal to women, children, adolescents, and other priority groups who are victims and/or survivors of violence, in order to care for, protect, restore, and repair threatened and/or violated rights, seeking not only to address the immediate consequences of violence, but also to prevent it and support victims in the process of recovery and empowerment. The work is carried out in accordance with the "Procedure for the Management of Care for Victims of Violence, PRO-GPE-GVV-001 Version 3.0," which establishes guidelines for comprehensive and specialized care in the areas of social work, psychology, and legal advice.
• The Ministry of Education has protocols and courses of action in response to violence detected or committed in the education system, including when it occurs in digital environments. Among these instruments, the following stand out:
- Protocols and Action Plans for situations of violence detected or committed within the education system, established by Ministerial Agreement No. MINEDU-MINEDUC-2020-00001-A of January 10, 2020, with specific action plans for sexual violence.
107 The document recognizes the digital environment as a setting where SEC can occur, distinguishes between different types of violence addressed in the report, such as online grooming, sexting, and sextortion, and includes community-level intervention action, referring to: "Creating areas to provide guidance on the appropriate and supervised use of social media and the prevention of different types of commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in digital/virtual contexts" (p. 126).
108 This protocol does not include any reference to the digital environment.
EL SALVADOR
- Protocol for action in situations of digital violence detected or committed in the education system, which establishes criteria for prevention, detection, and care pathways in cases of violence that originate or have an impact in online venues.
• The Regional Shelter for Victims of Trafficking provides comprehensive specialized care for girls and female adolescents. "Its care program includes legal, psychosocial, and educational components for the restoration of rights, emotional recovery, and preparation for family and community reintegration in conditions of safety and dignity."
• The Attorney General's Office (FGR, in Spanish) has Specialized Care Units for Women, Children, and Adolescents (UAEMNA, in Spanish) in all 14 departments, where it applies the Protocol for Legal and Psychosocial Care for people facing violence, with an emphasis on children, adolescents, women, and other vulnerable populations.109
• "The Attorney General's Office (PGR, in Spanish), through its Children and Adolescents Unit, offers recreational therapy and specialized legal services for care and restoration of rights."
• "The Integrated Center for Psychosocial Care for Children and Adolescents provides psychological support, legal guidance, and individualized follow-up to victims."110
The Child Protection and Family Services Agency (CPFSA) is the entity responsible for providing care to children in need of protection. Together with the Jamaica Constabulary Force's Centre for the Investigation of Sexual Offences and Child Abuse (CISOCA) and the courts, they provide comprehensive care to children and adolescents subjected to sexual exploitation, including psychosocial support, medical treatment, and legal assistance.
MEXICO The National DIF and some state DIFs have specialized intervention protocols. Psychological, legal, and family reintegration services are provided.
PANAMA • The National Secretariat for the Protection of Victims, Witnesses, and Experts of the Public Prosecutor's Office offers comprehensive care to child and adolescent victims, including specialized psychological support, legal assistance, and legal guidance, within a framework of interagency coordination with entities such as SENNIAF, the National Police, and health agencies.
• The Ministry of Education (MEDUCA, in Spanish) has a Protocol for the Detection, Care, Referral, and Follow-up of Cases of Children and Adolescents in Especially Difficult Circumstances within the Education System, which identifies the processes for care in the school environment for children and adolescents who suffer a particular set of rights violations, including: commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and risky sexual behavior.
109 This protocol does not include any reference to the digital environment.
110 Quoted content taken verbatim (in the Spanish version) from the response of the State of El Salvador to Consultation Form 2025.
As in previous editions of this report, the component addressing the participation of children and adolescents contains limited information, as provided in the reports submitted by the States. Although all States recognize the importance of promoting and guaranteeing this right, the information provided is often generic and does not necessarily reflect specific activities or processes that shed light on its effective exercise and outcomes. Likewise, there is a need to differentiate between child participation activities in terms of the exercise of rights and activities aimed at children and adolescents, in which they participate.
Most of the States parties to the report (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Jamaica, and Peru) refer to Advisory Councils or Participation Committees, attached to the governing body on children's issues, as formally constituted venues with the objective of promoting the participation of children and adolescents in public policies for the promotion, protection, and defense of their rights. Within the scope of their powers, they
may include actions related to the subject under study, although this does not emerge from the information reported (except in two cases, reported below). Some States also mention other formal areas associated with other sectors, such as Student Councils.
Table 9—Child and adolescent participation experiences in relation to the promotion and protection of rights in the digital environment, by State includes the participation initiatives shared by the States that refer to or are specifically linked to digital settings. It should be noted that the participation of children and adolescents occurs at the consultation level. Through various formats—workshops, surveys, focus groups, etc.— the aim is to gather their opinions on their experiences in the digital environment, perceived risks, and protection strategies, as a means of diagnosis and as a guide for defining actions or developing tools that are more in line with their reality. However, there is no evidence of direct or proactive involvement in defining these actions or developing proposals. States do not report on the impact or outcome of participation.
Table 9—Child and adolescent participation experiences in relation to the promotion and protection of rights in the digital environment, by State111 STATE Child and adolescent participation experiences
Throughout the process of drafting the paper on Children, adolescents, and screens: Guide to the use of digital devices, a series of 12 participatory meetings (8 virtual and 4 in-person) was held, led by the Alana Institute and the Secretariat of Social Communication. At these, the opinions of children, adolescents, educators, and families were gathered on the presence of screens, digital devices, and social networks in the daily lives of children and adolescents and the risks and opportunities of the digital environment. In total, 114 people from 43 cities in the five regions of the country participated: 66 children and adolescents, 30 educators, and 18 adult family members.
As part of the evaluation of the Public Policy for a Safe Internet for Children and Adolescents, the National Council for Intergenerational Equality and ChildFund International conducted an informed consultation process with Advisory Councils of children and adolescents, addressing issues such as internet use, the need for protection and safety in digital environments, identification of problems such as online sexual exploitation, cyberbullying,
111 Only those States that reported specific experiences referring to or specifically related to the digital environment are included in the table.
EL SALVADOR
• At the initiative of CONAPINA, a survey on digital settings was conducted, "with the participation of children and adolescents aged 10 to 17, which gathered their perceptions of the benefits, opportunities, and challenges of using technologies, as well as their experiences with risky situations in the digital environment. This exercise allowed for the active incorporation of the voices of children and adolescents, generating input from their direct experience in the digital environment and strengthening the participatory approach to the analysis of risks and opportunities.”
• "As part of the development of a guide for parents and family members, focus groups were held in coordination with public and private schools, in which adolescents were able to express their opinions, concerns, and proposals on the safe and responsible use of the digital environment. These will serve as a basis for analyses that are more sensitive to the real experiences of the adolescent population."
• Children and adolescents from the Advisory Council are part of the Thematic Organized Group on Safe Internet Use (TOG-SIU),112 coordinated by the Inter-American Children's Institute (IIN), "where they promote awareness-raising actions, virtual debates, and campaigns that promote active, safe, and responsible digital citizenship for children and adolescents in the region."113
MEXICO
72 inappropriate content, and technological risks. A total of 3,673 children and adolescents between the ages of 9 and 18 from 23 provinces across the country participated.
• The Executive Secretariat of SIPPINA promotes the OpiNNA initiative, opinion polls in which children and adolescents aged 8 to 17 give their opinions on various issues that impact their lives, so that these can be transformed into public policy actions. There are three surveys related to the topic of study: OpiNNA 08 - Safe Browsing (ICT and Internet - Children, Adolescents), OpiNNA 09 - Video Games - April 2023, and OpiNNA 10 - I Spy, I Spy, My Rights in the Media - 2023.
• SIPINNA National has promoted the participation of adolescents in the national consultation "Infancias Conectadas" (Connected Childhoods) (2023), which generated input for the design of public policies on digital citizenship and abuse prevention.
PERU
Children and adolescents from the Consultative and Participatory Council for Children and Adolescents (CCONNA, in Spanish) participated in the choice of the name and validation of the graphic design for the communication campaign "Connect without Risks."
112 Although only referenced by El Salvador, children and adolescents in Chile, Mexico, and Peru also participate in this venue.
113 Quoted content taken verbatim (in the Spanish version) from the State of El Salvador's response to Consultation Form 2025.
As stated at the outset, the 2025 Report aims to survey the current situation of the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and other forms of sexual violence associated with digital settings, as well as the measures adopted by States to address it, with the intention that its content should serve to implement specific actions aimed at bolstering the response of States to this issue and/or furthering research on a specific line of action.
Below is a summary of the main conclusions drawn from the information gathered, followed by a series of recommendations based on the needs or opportunities for improvement identified in the analysis.
Main findings
Diagnosis
• The States party to the report have data and information on the issue of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and other forms of associated sexual violence occurring in digital settings, collected and generated by various public institutions (Public Prosecutor's Office, Judiciary, Care Services) and civil society, which keep records according to their purview. The information systems available are not necessarily interrelated; as a result, the same situation may be recorded in different subsystems, with no connection between them, and case traceability is lost. Specific data on the subject are partial, due, among other things, to the fact that many systems record SEC situations in all scenarios, with no disaggregation. The main trends in terms of the manifestation of the phenomenon are: an increase in reports during the pandemic, with variable behavior among States from 2023 onwards; child sexual abuse and exploitation material as the predominant violation; girls between the ages of 13 and 17 as the main victims; WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram identified as the most widely used applications in the situations detected.
Coordination and cooperation
At the national level:
• In general, the States covered in the report lack comprehensive, cross-sectoral public policies or interagency coordination mechanisms dedicated specifically and exclusively to addressing SEC and other forms of sexual violence associated with the digital environment. The issue is addressed within the framework of policies and venues dedicated to the promotion and protection of children's rights in general, SEC or other forms of rights violations that include it, or cybersecurity. This situation is understandable in a context of multiple related issues and limited resources; however, it poses the challenge of ensuring that the issues do not remain within the framework of each jurisdiction, without concrete actions, that the specificity of each issue is not ignored, and that the perspective of children and adolescents is not lost.
• Most States have national regulations that establish the obligations of technology service providers in relation to the protection of the rights of children and adolescents and specific action in the event of confirmed or suspected SEC situations or other forms of associated sexual violence. However, their application is weak and there are reports of a lack of cooperation from the private sector.
At the international level:
• All of the States included in the report participate in and/or are members of various international cooperation initiatives/mechanisms, at global, regional, and multilateral levels, aimed at the prevention and/or investigation and prosecution of crimes of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and other forms of sexual violence occurring in the digital environment. The main initiatives mentioned are:
INTERPOL, WeProtect Global Alliance, United Nations agencies, and IIN-OAS.
Protection
• Different levels of adaptation of criminal law to forms of online sexual violence have been identified. Some States have more up-to-date legal frameworks, with specific criminal offenses that include actions that address the forms under analysis, including them in detail. Others have legal frameworks that enable the legal protection of children and adolescents against these forms of online sexual exploitation and violence, with criminal offenses that include references to the digital environment or that were constructed upon broad bases that allow for adaptation to the context, but without specific references. Their specific regulation represents a good practice in the progressive adaptation of legislation to guarantee the protection of the rights of children and adolescents in the current context.
• All the States included in the report have various mechanisms for reporting and/or denouncing sexual exploitation and other forms of sexual violence associated with the digital environment, handled by different institutions (child welfare agencies, police, prosecutors, civil society) according to their respective powers. Reporting hotlines are highlighted as a specific mechanism for reporting situations or content involving sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and adolescents online. In general, the reporting/complaint mechanisms are generic in nature (all types of crimes or rights violations can be reported/complained about) and, although there is evidence of diversification and modernization of communication channels, they are not designed for or specifically targeted at children and adolescents.
• Most of the States covered in the report have specialized units for the investigation and prosecution of crimes associated with sexual exploitation and other forms of sexual violence occurring in the digital environment, within both the police and the Public Prosecutor's Office. Among the challenges faced by these units are: an increase in the number and complexity of cases; insufficient human and technological resources; and the need for specialized training and ongoing updating.
Prevention
• The issues of digital citizenship and online risk prevention are addressed in the educational context, both in the curriculum and extracurricularly, at the initiative of the sector itself or other actors. The formal inclusion of content related to these issues, translated into specific learning objectives, in educational curricula is not yet a recurring practice.
• As for the training of teachers and families, although there are some formally established training experiences, training is mainly offered in the form of awareness-raising activities and the provision of various types of tools and resources.
Restitution of rights and social reintegration
• Sexual exploitation and other forms of sexual violence associated with digital settings have particular characteristics and dynamics that cause unique harm, which must be taken into account in strategies for care and the restoration of rights. Although there are responses for care, in general, States do not have specialized mechanisms to address this type of violence, and existing guidelines or protocols are not adapted to the characteristics of violence occurring in the digital environment.
Participation
• There are few guarantees that children and adolescents will be able to exercise their right to participate in the design of public policy actions related to this issue. Participation occurs at the consultation level. Through various formats workshops, surveys, focus groups, etc. the aim is to gather the opinions of children and adolescents on their experiences in the digital environment, perceived risks, and
protection strategies, as a means of diagnosis and as a guide to determine actions more in line with their experience. However, there is no evidence of direct or proactive involvement in the designing of actions or the development of proposals per se.
Recommendations
Based on the analysis of the information collected, some concrete actions are identified that States can implement in order to strengthen their response to the issue of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and other forms of sexual violence associated with digital settings.
In this regard, the IIN-OAS recommends the following:
✓ Promote the establishment of mechanisms (a single information system, observatory, studies) that connect the various information systems available in order to obtain a more comprehensive diagnosis of the phenomenon.
✓ Incorporate fields into information systems that can give an account of the settings and media in which exploitation occurs. This will allow for a more accurate assessment of the impact of digital technologies on the occurrence of this type of violence, as well as a more specific analysis of the issue in the different venues in which it takes place.
✓ Include fields in information systems in order to collect data on exploiters, as key actors in the existence and reproduction of the phenomenon.
✓ Promote studies on the profiles and modus operandi of exploiters in order to design more effective prevention and prosecution strategies.
✓ Establish and implement a periodic process to monitor the specific issues and lines of work of interagency coordination venues. Given the multiplicity of issues they address and the various angles these issues can display, such a process will make it possible to evaluate the
institutional response to the various problems (beyond their formally mandated purview) with a greater sense of reality and to guide actions.
✓ Strengthen dialogue and cooperation between child protection bodies and bodies dedicated to information and communication technologies and data protection, both public and private, in order to analyze and address the phenomenon. This is an issue in which dialogue between areas and fields of knowledge becomes essential.
✓ Promote the incorporation of the child and adolescent rights-based perspective into digital transformation and cybersecurity policies.
✓ Harmonize the various policies that contain provisions relating to this issue.
✓ Strengthen the role of the State vis-à-vis the private sector by establishing mechanisms for monitoring and punishing based on existing regulations.
✓ Strengthen the role of the education sector as a key actor in prevention, given its reach and connection with children, adolescents, and families. Institutionalize digital education, both through the inclusion of content aimed at children and adolescents in curricular and extracurricular activities, and through the implementation of mechanisms to inform and raise awareness among families, in a uniform manner across all educational centers.
✓ Include digital literacy and safety modules in initial and continuing teacher training.
✓ Move towards specific regulatory provisions for the different forms of online sexual violence.
✓ Implement strategies to disseminate and socialize the reporting/complaint mechanisms available.
✓ Develop reporting/complaint mechanisms that are accessible and adapted to children and adolescents, or readapt existing ones.
✓ Strengthen the capacities of specialized crime investigation and prosecution units, in terms of both human resources (increased staffing and specialized training) and technology.
✓ Implement initiatives to care for the people assigned to specialized units, in order to mitigate the impact and harmful effects derived from the nature of the work they perform. In addition to humanitarian care, from an institutional point of view, this would contribute to the retention and permanence of staff in their positions and thus avoid turnover, lack of specialization, etc., which affect responses.
✓ Establish national protocols for the reporting on and rapid removal of child sexual abuse and exploitation material available online.
✓ Generate knowledge about specific experiences in caring for children and adolescents subjected to sexual exploitation, and based on this, develop specific evidence-based instruments, tools, or guidelines for differentiated care.
✓ Promote the participation of children and adolescents and intergenerational dialogue in analyzing the problem and establishing actions to address it. This involves creating or strengthening consultation mechanisms and moving toward participation in decision-making.
Annex 1—Consultation form for the States
Report of the Inter-American Children's Institute (IIN) to the Secretary General of the Organization of American States (OAS) on measures taken by Member States to combat the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents 2025
CONSULTATION FORM FOR THE STATES
This form is a tool for gathering information for the preparation of the Report to the Secretary General of the OAS on measures taken by Member States to combat the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents 2025, referring specifically to the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in the digital environment.
It is addressed to the States as a means of obtaining information directly from them. In order to take advantage of their expertise and accumulated experience, and to avoid overburdening the States, if there are technical liaisons appointed to take part in the Public Policy Discussions on the Safe Use of the Internet by Children and Adolescents (PPDs) 2025, it is suggested that these persons respond to the Form.
The form consists of 16 questions, organized into 6 blocks. All questions refer to the issue of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and other forms of sexual violence associated with the digital environment. This includes the following violations: material depicting sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and adolescents; live online transmission of sexual abuse and exploitation of children and adolescents; online grooming for sexual purposes; unwanted sexting; sexual extortion of children and adolescents; exposure to harmful or age-inappropriate sexual content. For further details, see Concept Note.
States are requested to answer the questions by providing current information and/or information they consider noteworthy from the last five years. Please include references to the sources consulted.
We expect to receive a single response per State, including information from all institutions involved in the issue.
The information provided will be a valuable input for the development of this regional output. We thank you in advance for your contributions and time.
For inquiries or assistance, please write to Alejandra Di Pierro, Coordinator of the Inter-American Cooperation Program for the Prevention and Eradication of Sexual Exploitation, Trafficking, and Smuggling of Children and Adolescents, at: adipierro@iinoea.org
Deadline for responses: June 30, 2025
QUESTION PROTOCOL
Status:
Person responsible for the response:
Position:
Institution:
1. Diagnosis
1.1. Does your country have official statistics on the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and other forms of sexual violence associated with the digital environment? What are the main trends? Please provide data available for the period 2020-2025. (Examples: number of cases detected, number of children and adolescents subjected to sexual exploitation assisted, number of reports, number of prosecutions and convictions, number of ongoing investigations, profiles of victims and exploiters, main digital platforms where the situations occur, among others).
2. Coordination and Cooperation
2.1. Are there any opportunities for interagency coordination and cooperation in the country that address the issue of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and other forms of sexual violence associated with the digital environment? Briefly describe their composition, tasks, and links with the issue.
2.2. Does the country have a comprehensive, interagency national plan specifically addressing the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and other forms of sexual violence associated with the digital environment? Indicate its main components, institutions involved and their role, and period of validity.
2.3. How do policies addressing the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents incorporate the digital dimension of the phenomenon?
2.4. How do policies on digital citizenship and the protection of rights in the digital environment address the issue of the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and related forms of sexual violence?
2.5. Does your country participate in international cooperation initiatives related to the prevention or prosecution of crimes of sexual exploitation and other forms of sexual violence against children and adolescents in the digital environment? Briefly indicate integration and tasks.
2.6. What obligations or commitments does the State require of technology service providers for the prevention and protection of children and adolescents from sexual exploitation and sexual violence in the digital environment?
3. Prevention
3.1. Has content on safe internet use and prevention of risks associated with the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in the digital environment been incorporated into school and secondary education programs?
3.2. Is there training for teachers and families on safe internet use and prevention of risks associated with the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in the digital environment? Indicate those responsible, objectives, format, and content.
4. Protection
4.1. What laws or regulations exist in your country regarding the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and other forms of sexual violence associated with the digital environment? Indicate number, date of enactment, and main content.
4.2. What are the main barriers to the effective enforcement of these laws or regulations?
4.3. What channels exist, both in the digital environment and outside it, for reporting and/or denouncing cases of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and other forms of sexual violence associated with the digital environment?
4.4. Are there specialized units for the investigation and prosecution (in police and judicial bodies) of cases of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents and other forms of sexual violence associated with the digital environment? Briefly indicate institutions and responsibilities. How do they work? What challenges do these units face?
4.5. What measures or strategies are implemented in the country to eliminate material depicting the sexual abuse and exploitation of children and adolescents online?
5. Recovery and Reintegration
5.1. Are there any experiences of caring for children and adolescents who are victims of sexual exploitation or other forms of sexual violence associated with the digital environment? How is this work carried out? What challenges are faced?
6. Participation
6.1. Has the participation of children and adolescents been included and considered in the areas addressed above? In what way?
Annex 2 - Institutions and individuals responsible for responding to the Consultation Form, by State.
STATE Institutions and individuals responsible for responding
BRAZIL
CANADA
CHILE
COLOMBIA
National Secretariat for the Rights of Children and Adolescents (SNDCA, in Portuguese) – General Coordination for Combating Violence (CGEV, in Portuguese). Ministry of Human Rights and Citizenship (MDHC, in Portuguese).
Global Affairs Canada, in consultation with Justice Canada, Public Safety Canada, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and Statistics
Canada
Undersecretary for Children. Ministry of Social Development and Family.
Office of the Ombudsman for Children, submitted as an Alternative Report.
Anuar Quesille Vera. Children's Ombudsman.
Colombian Institute of Family Welfare
Diana Margarita Rivera Rincones. Head of the Office of Cooperation and Agreements.
National Children's Trust
COSTA RICA
ECUADOR
EL SALVADOR
Ericka Moraga Hernández. Sociologist, Department of Promotion and Prevention.
National Council for Intergenerational Equality, with information provided by: Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Society, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Public Health, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility, Ministry of Women and Human Rights, Judicial Council, Attorney General's Office, Ombudsman's Office, and National Council for Intergenerational Equality.
Sandra Ruiz Gavilanes. Comprehensive Protection Analyst 3.
National Council for Early Childhood, Children, and Adolescents (CONAPINA, in Spanish)
Claudia María Hernández. Technical Manager.
JAMAICA
MEXICO
PANAMA
PERU
Ministry of Education, Skills, Youth and Information
Hyacinth Blair. Senior Director, Children’s Affairs and Policy.
Executive Secretariat of the National System for the Comprehensive Protection of Children and Adolescents
Silvia Lorena Villavicencio Ayala. Executive Secretary
National Secretariat for Children, Adolescents, and Families
Johanna González. Head of Planning and International Technical Cooperation.
Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations
Erica María Reupo Aiquipa, Professional at the Directorate of Policies for Children and Adolescents
