J. Bio. Env. Sci. 2018 Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) ISSN: 2220-6663 (Print) 2222-3045 (Online) Vol. 12, No. 1, p. 12-21, 2018 http://www.innspub.net RESEARCH PAPER
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Determinants of dairy cattle breed biodiversity in rural traditional smallholder farms: Case of Kibugu in Kenya Mutembei Henry M’Ikiugu*, Emily Kilonzi Wangari Maathai Institute for Peace and Environmental Studies, University of Nairobi, Kenya Article published on January 20, 2018 Key words: Traditional small holder dairy farms, Negative and positive externalities, Dairy cattle breed biodiversity Abstract The livestock biodiversity suffers a threat from human civilization through abandonment and/or intensification of agricultural activities. This paper documents dynamism of dairy breed biodiversity and its determinants. Data was collected by surveying 93 households and five key informants using semi-structured questionnaires, interviews and observations. The nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to determine the dairy practice frontier on breed conservation. The average farm size was 0.5-1 acres of land and 53.3% of the respondents perceived this to be small for dairying but majority (67.8%) still practiced the enterprise despite also majority (72%) feeling it wasn’t worthy. The 10-year dynamism indicated that 19% of the respondents intensified on dairying while 13% abandoned the enterprise in favour of other livestock. In a scale of 1-6, dairying was ranked 6 as a source of income, 6 as a symbol of society status and 1 on ease of care for the enterprise. Big breeds (Friesian, Ayrshire and Guernsey) were perceived highly (6-4) as symbols of beauty and society status while small breeds (Jersey and crossbreeds) were ranked highly (6-5) on ease of care and disease tolerance. Intensification and/or abandonment of the dairy practice as influenced by societal expectations and/or challenges of farming were noted to be the main determinants of the dynamisms of the breed biodiversity in Kibugu; intensification caused a positive externality on breed biodiversity while abandonment caused the negative externality on breed biodiversity. This serves to providing evidence to inform policy decisions that support sustainable dairying in rural areas. *Corresponding
Author: Mutembei Henry M’Ikiugu hmutembei@uonbi.ac.ke
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