Nanomedicines play a pivotal role in cancer immunotherapy by aiming to reinforce the cancer- immunity cycle, via potentiating key
steps in the immune reaction cascade, namely antigen release, antigen processing, antigen presentation and immune cell- mediated
tumor killing. Combination of nanomedicines with immunotherapy can be realized via three targeting strategies, i.e. by targeting
cancer cells, targeting the tumor immune microenvironment and targeting the peripheral immune system.