In vivo models of myocardial infarction induced by coronary artery ligation in rats usually suffer from high early
mortality and a low rate of induction. This study investigated the time course initiation of chronic myocardial infarction in
albino rats and the possibility of reducing early mortality rate due to myocardial infarction by modification of the surgical
technique. CAL was carried out by passing the suture through the pericardial layer around the midway of the left anterior
descending coronary artery including a small area of the myocardium to avoid mechanical damage to the heart geometry. In
addition, the role of endothelin-1 in rat heart with congestive heart failure was critically assessed.
