Issuu

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42651

May 2022

Detailed Energy Audit of Thermal Power Plant Sudheer Chandra1, Tanu Rizvi2 1

M-Tech Scholar of Electrical Engineering, SSTC, Bhilai (C.G.), INDIA Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, SSTC, Bhilai (C.G.), INDIA

Abstract: This paper presents a model based on physical and structural industrial load control. Lighting is an important service for all industries. Depending on the type of industry, industrial lighting consumes 2 to 10% of total energy. Innovation and continuous improvements in the lighting industry have opened up considerable opportunities for energy efficiency in the area. Lighting is a space that, during the design process, provides a wide range of energy efficiency by combining new & advance ener gy-saving bulbs, lamps and gears, as well as high performance techniques. It only provides an indication of some of the options a power auditor may consider when conducting an industry analysis. Energy conservation and exploration of new energy options is an acceptable solution to meet the growing demand of industry in the future. The implementation of energy research can improve equipment efficiency and thus reduce energy losses. Keywords: Energy Audit, Energy efficiency, Power, Consumption, Industry I. INTRODUCTION Power availability is a critical factor in the country's economic progress. In today's world, energy is extremely valuable, and India ranks third in the world in terms of overall energy consumption. By 2030, the country's power usage is predicted to exceed 4 trillion units. Fossil fuels, particularly coal, dominate the country's electricity sector. The Indian government is working to enhance renewable energy investment, with a goal of 175 GW capacity by 2022 [1]. As of 31 December 2021, In India, the total installed capacity of electric power generating plants owned by various electric utilities was 393389.46MW. The following is a breakdown of the share of various types of generating stations: Thermal power plants - 235218.72MW Hydro power plants - 46512.22MW Nuclear power plants – 6780MW Renewable Energy Source - 6780.0MW[3] In fiscal year 2021, the industry sector consumed the most energy, accounting for 41% of total consumption in India. The domestic sector came in second with 26% of the vote. Traction and railways, on the other hand, accounting for 1% of India's total electricity consumption. [3] Energy conservation entails lowering energy usage without compromising quantity or quality. A comprehensive energy management programme starts with energy conservation, which leads to proper equipment rating, the adoption of maxefficiency technology, and a shift in habits that waste a lot of energy. [4] Problem rise in electrical equipment due to many factors such as ageing of the device, ageing of the wires used, dust factor, humidity, and various factors, the quality and performance of this electrical system is distorted [5]. As an outcome, electrical energy is lost and transformed to heat energy, lowering system efficiency and increasing power consumption. It is possible to bring down losses by using the methodology energy audits, which aids in determining the overall operation of the electrical system. If there are any leaks, they will be discovered and repaired. As a result, the methodology energy auditing activity will aid in the long-term durability of electrical and electronic equipment [6]. Vandana global limited, Power plant industrial area phase-2, Siltara Raipur, Chhattisgarh, undertook an energy audit to determine the power plant's energy usage and losses in the lighting sector. Energy Audit can include a variety of activities, depending on the type of energy assessment and the objectives of the energy research center. The power test can start by looking at the electrical account to see how much energy is used. The study was conducted by various researchers with a variety of methods to assess energy consumption in [7], who said that by using the results of energy research they could strive to reduce their energy costs by reducing costs. Energy auditing is needed to reduce energy debt and reduce energy losses. Governments should take steps to make periodic inspections of industrial buildings compulsory. [8] Electricity is a very important factor in private and public health. Power testing is a useful way to determine the energy consumption of a building and to determine the best solution. Regular power inspections will expose energy consumption and waste, and help identify new energy saving opportunities. [9] Decreased energy consumption indicates a decrease in carbon emissions. Power assessment is a powerful tool for identifying and evaluating a complete energy management system. Energy Auditing is a compelling tool for isolating and evaluating a complete energy management system. This approach can be important in an industry that is cost-effective and costs a few different benefits such as improved creativity, higher profitability, better quality, and the most important fulfillment of the goal of saving energy in the world.

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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538 Volume 10 Issue V May 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com A. Energy Audit An energy audit examines a building's energy usage in order to determine the elements that contribute to increased energy consumption. The information acquired during the inspection serves as the foundation for the suggestions made to reduce energy expenditures. An energy audit entails a complete walkthrough inspection by a qualified energy auditor, who will then offer a report detailing their findings as well as proposals for energy efficiency improvements. [10] An energy audit allows us to better understand how electricity is used in the industry and to find out locations wherever energy is wasted and where there is opportunities for improvement. An energy audit must meet the following criteria: [11, 12] 1) Calculated, current energy consumption data 2) A complete analysis of the energy consumption profile 3) Instead of a simple payback period, include a life-cycle cost. B. Need of Energy Audit The demand for electricity is increasing every day. More energy sources will be required to meet this requirement. Fossil fuels produce both energy and pollution, both of which are damaging to humans. [13]. Pollution testing and emission calculators are available online and are used to measure pollution levels and environmental emissions. Strength testing will decrease the environmental effect directly or indirectly [14]. The functions of energy research are, 1) an energy audit can lower electricity utilization, 2) an energy audit can lower the electricity bill and keep the cash 3) an energy audit can enhance the comfort degree 4) an energy audit can lessen the carbon emission 5) an energy audit can limit useless waste and pollution Energy testing is a major and important step money. It may seem that organizational power research provides a point of reference for controlling energy use and provides a better system of vital energy use in the organization. [15] C. Types of Energy Audit Energy auditing is the most effective way to reduce energy debt and usage in the commercial and non-commercial industries [16]. The type of strength test that must be performed is determined as 1) how much penetration and depth required for the final examination 2) used industry: its function and type 3) the size of the audit and the required amount achieved. There can be three types of energy audits [17], and they are walk-through energy audits, target energy audits, and detailed energy audits. D. Walk through Energy Audit Audit your energy usage. It's also known as a preliminary audit because it's a primitive surveying audit in which the auditor only verifies an organization's energy usage. No substantial steps for energy usage will be made in this type of energy audit. It's the first step in the auditing process, as well as the simplest and least expensive. And it's focused on the regions that use the most energy. [18]. The walk-through energy audit takes less time to complete than spam. The auditor will locate the energy usage area and compile a comprehensive list of energy-saving strategies [19]. The certified energy manager, certified auditor, or professional engineer is in charge of the walkthrough audit. For finding anEnergy saving strategy, walkthrough energy audit details are insufficient. The auditor can operate with greater precision and profitability in less time. The auditor obtains all of the information of an organization from this sort of energy audit, which are then used in a detailed energy audit [20, 21]. The walkthrough energy audit's will include: 1) Determining energy use in an organization. 2) Determine the amount of energy consumed in a company. 3) A brief interview with the organization's point of contact. 4) During this form of auditing, the only primary problem area will be addressed. 5) To determine the most likely (and easiest) solutions to cut consumption and enhance efficiency metrics [22]. 6) To discover improvements and cost cutting opportunities (special/low-cost).

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S.No.

Table -1 Schedule of energy audit phase-1 Analysis Observation and Result inspection

Plan & organized a walkthrough audit of plant with plant Manager

Done

Conduct a Awareness program with department

Done

Organize a monitoring

and

Done

An analysis Consumption

Power

Done

Finding and developing energy efficiency opportunities

Done

survey

Choosing the instruments that will be utilised in an energy Audit

See Table

Inspection and report to upper Management

See Table

S.No

Table-3 Instruments used for Audit Electrical Measuring Instrument

Lux Meter

Power Analyser

Synergy Meter

Pitot Tube & Manometer

Contact/Infrared Thermometer

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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538 Volume 10 Issue V May 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com 2) Phase -2 Audit Phase a) Energy Saving Of Lighting System Several areas are found during the industry audit as spots where savings are effectively guaranteed. After determining the right places, a lighting count is required. The following are the most popular ways to save energy on lighting systems  Infrared read Coating halogens replace halogens (spotlights).  Light Emitting Diode(LED). have taken the place of HPSV lights  Let natural lighting helps.  Upgrade HVAC system.  Metal halides are used to replace halogens (flood type).  LED tube light can replace fluorescent tube light.  Magnetic ballasts are being replaced with electronic ballasts. b) Led Lights In Place Of Old/Defective Lights Saving Calculation After Replacement of 70W, 150W,250W and 400W HPSV Lights with 35W,50W,100W and 150W LED Lights in Ferro Alloy Unit Sr. No.

1 2 3

Particulars

Power Consumption of 300Lights Operation minutes Per Day Total Power Consumption Per day

UoM

Old Scenario (HPSV Lights)

(ii)

iii (i-ii)

kWh

48.80

21.00

27.80

Hours

0.00

KWh

683.20

Annual Running Days

Days

365

Annual power Consumption

KWh

249368

₹/kWh

4.5

Pure Variable Cost (PVC)Avg.

Difference

(i)

New Scenario (LED Lights)

294.00 365 107310

389.20 0.00 142058

4.5

Total effective PVC Per Yr.

₹.

Profit (i)-(ii) (PVC Reduced or Throughput Increased )

₹.

6,39,261

Investment Amount of 300LED Lights

₹.

4,00,000

Return on Investment (ROI)

160%

Pay Back Period

Month

7.51

11,22,156

4,82,895

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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538 Volume 10 Issue V May 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com G. Bill Analysis 1) Before Replacement Power consumption by 300 Bulb in 1 hours =48.80kWhPower consumption by 300 Bulb in 1 day =48.80X14 =683.20kWh Power consumption by 300 Bulb in 365 days= 249368kWh

Fig -Comparison of cost of power Consumption between HPSV lamps and Light emitting diodes Cost of electricity@ ₹4.5/Units= ₹ 11,22,156/2) After Replacement Power consumption by 300 Bulb in 1 hours =21kWh Power consumption by 300 Bulb in 1 day =21X14 =389.20kWh Power consumption by 300 Bulb in 365 days= 142058kWh Cost of electricity@ ₹4.5/Units=₹ 4,82,895/-

Fig -Comparison of Consumption of Power between HPSV lamps and Light emitting diodes

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Sr. No.

Compressor Identification Rated Parameters

UOM

Formula

FAD Test for Compressors (Conveying Air) Comp(7) Comp(8) Comp(1) Comp(2)

Name plate

ELGI (EE13 2-8)

Name plate

7.14

CFM

Catalogue

965

Catalogue

167

Specific Energy Consumption(SE C)

KW/ CF M

Calculated

0.173

0.180

Projected Compressor Power

Calculated

94.9

Sr. No.

Compressor Identification Rated Parameters consumption @ Operating Pressure

UOM

Formula

Projected Specific Energy Consumption (SE C) @ Operating Pressure

KW/ CF M

Calculated

Make

Rated Design Pressure

Rated FAD

Compressor Rated Power consumption @ rated parameters

ELGI (E160-8)

ELGI (EE13 2-8)

Comp(4)

CHICA G O PNEUM ATIC (SS215P -7)

kg/c m 2 7

7.14

1003

180.6

965 167

1000 180.6

0.180

0.173

0.181

90.0

72.7

66.6

93.1

FAD Test for Compressors (Conveying Air) Comp(7) Comp(8) Comp(1) Comp(2)

0.10

0.09

0.08

Measured Parameters Load Pressure

bar

Measured

4.5

4.6

4.5

Unload Pressure

bar

Measured

5.0

5.1

5.0

Operating Pressure

bar

Measured

4.9

4.5

4.4

◦C

Measured

50.3

66.7

Compressor Air Discharge Temperature (Tr) Ambient Temperature (T a )

44.9

4.1 46

Comp(4)

0.07

4.5 5 3.6 40.1

◦C

Measured

30.0

Power

Measured

149.6

151.7

152.3

Atmospheric Pressure

kg/c m 2

Standard

1.026

Measured FreeAir Delivery (FAD)

ft 3/mi

Measured

1306

1269

1137

1.026 1080

1.026 1022

Specific Energy Consumption(SE C)

kW/c fm

Power / FAD

0.11

0.12

0.13

0.14

Difference in SEC @ Operating Pressure

kW/c fm

SEC Difference (Sr. No. 7 - 16)

-0.02

-0.03

-0.04

-0.06

-0.08

30 148.3 8

30 147.27

n (cfm)

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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538 Volume 10 Issue V May 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com B. Observations 1) Actual air flow is more than the rated FAD indicates excessive clearance in air endof thecompressor which indicates the deterioration of compressor. 2) The Compressor Discharge air Temperature is on a Slightly Higher side. Higher thetemperature,higher will be power consumption. 3) Even though Actual Specific energy consumption is less than the rated, it is onhigher side when compared to the projected SEC at operating pressure. C. Recommendations 1) SEC of all Compressors is on higher side which indicates the higher powerconsumption.Hence, recommend to do proper maintenance 2) Clean suction filters on weekly basis to avoid extra energy consumption. Change alltheconsumables as per the schedule. 3) Due to opening of doors, dust accumulated in compressor area & causes morepowerconsumption. Keep all the doors closed. D. 1) 2) 3)

Notable / Remarkable Po i n t s for E ner gy Savi ngs Every 4 ° C increase in inlet air temperature leads in a 1% increase in energy consumption to achieve similar output. 250 mmWc pressure drop in suction filter increases power consumption by 2 % Manometer / differential pressure gauge should be installed across the suction filter for easily identification of dut y suction.

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CONCLUSIONS

"Energy saved is energy generated," says a famous quote. This shows that, in addition to increasing generation capacity at a higher price, an energy audit is required to conserve electricity at a considerably lower cost. Because the demand for electricity is always on the increasing, power companies are under pressure to expand capacity to fulfil the demand. Because industries are thelargest electricity consumers, the authors conducted a case study of an industrial unit to achieve this goal. The information presented in this paper demonstrates how we can save electricity by making improvements to the system and making it more energy efficient. The government needs to make an energy audit compulsory for each industrial facility in the country. IV.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The author is grateful to M/s Vandana Global ltd’ Siltara Phase-II Raipur CG, for giving chance to conduct an energy audit. I am particularly grateful to Ramnaresh Choubey, assistant manager {energy audit} that help me to write this paper. REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]

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[22] [23] [24] [25]

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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538 Volume 10 Issue V May 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com [26] Kubule, A., Ločmelis, K., & Blumberga, D. (2020). Analysis of the results of national energy audit program in Latvia. Energy, 202, 117679. [27] Mokhtari, F., Semmar, D., Chikhi, M., Merzouk, N. K., & Oukaci, S. (2020). Investigation Of The Improvement Building Envelope Impact On Energy Consumption Using Energy Audit. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 307, p. 01031). EDP Sciences. [28] Fudholi, A., Musthafa, M. F., Taslim, I., Indrianti, M. A., Manyoe, I. N., & Othman, M. Y. (2019). Efficiency and energy modelling for PVT air collector with extended heat transfer area: a review. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 10(4), 2029. [29] Bagwan, S. U., Makandar, Y. A., Shaikh, S. K., & Jamadar, N. M. (2020, June). Audit and Analysis of Energy Utilization in Engineering Institution Buildings in Maharashtra. In 2020 5th International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES) (pp. 801-805). IEEE. [30] Prabowo, V. S. W., Fahmi, A., Adriansyah, N. M., & Andini, N. (2019). Energy efficient resources allocations for wireless communication systems. Telkomnika,17(4),1625-1634.

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