Issuu

VIII

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37468

August 2021

Design of Natural Gas Pipeline Ashwini Chavan1, Madhuri Nikam2, Shrddha Chavan3 1

M.Tech scholar, town and country planning, Sandip University, Nashik, Maharashtra, India 2 Associate Professor, Civil Engineering, Sandip University, Nashik, Maharashtra, India 3 Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering, Sandip University, Nashik, Maharashtra, India

Abstract: India today has an in depth network of underground pipelines used for the transportation and distribution of gas. Large factories, fertilizer factories and other industrial enterprises are the most consumers in PNG and today, however, with the rise in its popularity, it's currently utilized in the domestic sector similarly as a fuel within the automotive sector in large metropolitan cities. To bring gas to those end users within the boundaries of a significant city, it's necessary to create city gas distribution pipeline networks. India today has an intensive network of underground pipelines used for the transportation and distribution of fossil fuel. Large factories, fertilizer factories and other industrial enterprises are the most consumers in PNG and today, however, with the rise in its popularity, it's currently employed in the domestic sector additionally as a fuel within the automotive sector in large metropolitan cities. To bring gas to those end users within the boundaries of a significant city, it's necessary to create city gas distribution pipeline networks, these networks have already been founded within the cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Vadodara, Firozabad, Kanpur and plenty of more such networks are planned within the near future. Given the infrastructure and layout available in typical Indian cities, it becomes difficult to make such gas distribution networks without separate corridors for competing utilities. Reckoning on pressures, flow rates and economic criteria, these networks may be constructed with steel pipes, polyethylene (PE) pipes or a hybrid PE-steel pipe system. In contrast to borehole pipelines, which stretch for miles directly through open fields, the CGD network is more complex. These are located in densely populated areas, and an oversized number of network branches meet the wants of users in several locations in an exceedingly city. Although they're much smaller long and size than background pipelines, a city's network is far more dispersed and diverse. The rise within the number of branches means over the amount of sleeves, bends, reducers, fittings, etc. within the network, with the exception of the quantity of delivery points for the availability of fossil fuel. Due to the assorted activities of third parties other city agencies, the chance of injury and accidents is even on top of the substantial pipelines. of these factors require better security systems integrated into the network and therefore the need for special preparation to manage any emergency situation. Keywords: PNG, CGD. I. INTRODUCTION The gas distribution of the city or the CGD refers to the transport or distribution of natural gas to the commercial or industrial and industrial and industrial sector (GNC) using a pipeline network. Natural gas is a non-renewable hydrocarbon that is used as an energy source for heating and cooking. The natural gas pipeline (PNG) is definitely a sensible option for clean and practical cooking in the household. Much more than just giving the grant to the poor. Natural gas, which is much lighter than air, disappears quickly and the risk of fire or explosion is much lower with PNG than with LPG, which is heavier than air, PNG is economical compared to GPL. This is the reason why PNG pipelines are widespread. Natural gas transport to the consumer for domestic, commercial or industrial sectors and transport through a pipeline network. PNG depends on the high infrastructure. Oil India Limited was the first to start the gas distribution in Assam in 1960. In Gujarat, the oil gas and natural gas (CGSB) society began selling its gas associated with the contiguous industries in 1970's.with the discovery. Oil and Gas in Mumbai the high supply of gasoline begins with the industrial customer around Mumbai, TATA and RCF. Pipeline networks have been deposited and owned by the CGSB or customers. With gas detection in the southern basin of Mumbai Shores, the first cross-border pipeline in India was designed with Hazira as the point of activity in Gujarat. The Gaseous Authority of India (Gail) was created in 1984 to act as nodal agency for natural gas in India. Gail builds and exploited this pipeline, which ran from Hazira to Jagdishpur via Bijaipur. This pipeline has provided gas with fertilizer and the food sector. After purchasing existing CGSB assets and the development of new networks were transferred to Gail.

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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429 Volume 9 Issue VIII Aug 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com II. PROBLEM STATEMENT In Nasik, all users currently use the LPG cylinder for the purpose of cooking, as well as for commercial uses, so that fuel needs very high, but this fuel is too expensive right now and it becomes difficult quarter day. The process of obtaining the cylinder at our site is to take a lot of time and the fact that this user has experienced a lot of problem at the time of booking and at the time of reception of the cylinder, because the customer must check the cylinder leaks, particular cylinder weight that received for the supplier all the time. We anticipate a natural gas line of conduct as a solution to this problem. The government is also considering building pipelines in many places. We will use the GIS technique to ensure proper natural pipeline planning in less time . III. SCOPE OF PROJECT In recent years, the natural gas market in India has increased expressively due to its higher development of transmission and distribution infrastructure. India should have 32,727 km of natural gas pipeline with a design capacity of 815 mmscmd (millions of standard metric cubic meters per day) in place 2030. The planned demand, demand and capacity of anticipated pipeline at the source the projection period has been provided. Fig 1 and 2

Figure no. 1

Figure no. 2 IV. OBJECTIVES A. Provide clean and green fuels for domestic, commercial, industrial and automotive sectors. B. Provide each user very simply and security in manipulation and also economical. C. Design and maintain different gas pressure levels to meet the demand for various gas user segments.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

V. DESIGN METHODOLOGY Step 1: - Problem definition. Step 2: - Study of literature research and collection of research papers related to this topic. Step 3: -Data collection from the study area. And finalized the collected data from the guidelines Step 4: - Survey on route selection Step 5: - Design of the pipeline and calculation (pressure, pipe diameter, flow, type of flow and speed and viscosity) Step 6: - Material selection according to IS. Step 7: -. Data analysis. Step 8: - Design for the natural gas distribution via pipelines in the study area.

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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429 Volume 9 Issue VIII Aug 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com VI. ADVANTAGES A. Ecological. B. Safer and easier to use. C. Compare less expensive to another source of fossil combustible energy

VII. DESIGN CALCULATION OF NATURAL GAS PIPELINE The residential area of Panchvati is 99, 02798 sq. ft. and 800 family stay in that area. Frist calculating the consumption of cylinder in this area then calculate the PNG consumption.

A. LPG 1) Price of 1 cylinder = 815RS 2) Weight of 1 cylinder = 14.2kg 3) Year consumption of cylinder for each family 7 (approx. 5 member in each family) 4) (7*14.2) = 99.4 kg/ consumption in 1 year 5) Monthly consumption of LPG [99.4/12] = 8.2 kg 6) Cost of 1 cylinder =815rs [815/14.2] = 57.34rs/kg 7) 1 month cost of LPG use (57.34*8.2) =470.633rs/month 8) Area wise gas consumption (800family) (8.2kg*800) =6560kg/ month for 800 family. 9) cost (6560*57.34)=376150 RS. B. PNG Family has 5 members, then the average consumption per month is approx. 10 units (per unit cost is Rs 25). 1) For 800 family Use of PNG of 1 family/month is (1/x=1.164/10) = 8.59 Kg Where X=uses of PNG 10= uses of PNG SCM. 2) 1unit = 1.164 scm = 1 kg 3) Coast calculation 1 unit =25rs 1kg =21.477 Rs.

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4) PNG use per month = (8.59*21.477) =184.4rs for 1 family 5) For 800 family = (184.4*800) = 14752 Rs. C. 6) 7) 8) 9)

Natural Gas Properties specific volume of a gas = vgas = 1/gas = 1.53 specific weight of a gas = gas = (gas)(g) = 15.009 g is the acceleration due to gravity (32.17 ft / sec2 or 9.81 m / s2) Specific Gravity: gas = (Ggas)(air) Density of air is 0.0764 gas = (0.65)(0.0764) = 0.050 ibm/ft3

10) Molecular Weight: MWgas = (Ggas)*(MWair) MWgas = (0.65)*(28.97) = 18.8 D. Average Pipeline Pressure Pave = (2/3)[(P13 - P23)/(P12 - P22)] Pave = (2/3)[(9003 - 3103)/(9002 - 3102)] = 653.7 psig E. Compressibility Factor Z = 1/{1 +[(653)(344400)(10)1.785*0.65)/(528)3.825]} Compressibility factor (Z) = 1 F. Viscosity √=/ g = 1*10-4 * KV EXP {XV [g/62.4]v } g =0.01163 cp G. Flow Rate Q = ṁRTZ/144p Q = 62.9 CFM H. Panhandle Equation Q= 435E( Tb / Pb )1.0788 (P12-e5 P22)0.5394 D2.618 D = 26 inch d = 25 inch I.

Flow of Pipe Re = DV/ , Re = (26*33.07*0.050)/2.42*10-7 Re= 1.77 *10-7 The Reynolds number is >4000 so flow is turbulent

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The Darcy Weisbach Equation hL = f(L/D)(V2/2g) hL = 194.8 ft.

K. Frictional Pressure Drop Can Be Calculated ΔPF = ghL = (0.050*37.17*194.8) =313 psf = 2.17 psi Pressure drop is always less than 10% The compressibility Darcy equation is appropriate

Figure: - Natural Gas Distribution Map VIII. CONCLUSION After providing and distributing the natural gas pipeline in the study area, it help reduce the problem of users and consumers. Natural is the lowest carbon, hydrocarbon, odors, colorless and non-toxic. Its heat of cooking and heating. The natural gas of the pipe is cheaper than other combustibles and it is also economical.

REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

Moody, L, F., "Friction Factors for Pipe Flows", ASME Transactions, November 1944. Lee, Lee, (1966), "The Viscosity of Natural Gases", SPE Paper 1340, Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol.18, pp. 997-1000. Crane Co., (1988), “Flow of Liquids through Valves, Fittings, and Pipes, Item 401. GPSA (Association of Gas Transformer Suppliers), (1988), Engineering Data Book, 11th Ed Bekkering J, Broekhuis, AA, Van Gemert, WJT Optimization of a green gas supply chain - AREVIEW. Bioresour technol 2010; 101: 450-6. Abdi, B., 2018. PNGRB to act as a market regulator of the natural gas trading hub. The Economic world Times Energie, April 16, 2018. Last consulted on February 6, 2019. [7] Prasanta Kumar Dey, Mario T Tabuchanon, "Planning for Oil Pipeline Construction: A Conceptual Framework." Industrial System Engineering Program, Institute of Asian Technology, Volume 14, Issue 1996. [8] Boqiang Lin, Zhensheng Li, "Natural Gas Request Analysis and Grant at China's Collaborative Innovation Center for Economics and Energy Policy, Volume 202, Number 2020. [9] Jolanta Szoplik, Paulina Stelmasinska, "Analysis of the gas network storage capacity for alternative fuels in Poland". Western Pomeranian Technology University, Volume 172, Number 2019. [10] Liang Cheng, Shuang Li, "targeting the urban natural gas gas pipeline. Provincial Senior Jiangsu Laboratory of Geographical Information Science and Technology, Volume 75 Number 2015.

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