Earthquakes are the indication for transformation of earth internal surface. The Indian subcontinent has suffered
some of the greatest earthquakes in the world. Many research studies have been focusing on decreasing the impact of seismic
waves on structures. For this initially there were many passive techniques introduced to reduce the damage caused due to
earthquakes which are based on decreasing the lateral loads on structures. But since the late twentieth century the focus has
shifted to introduce active earthquake techniques which are meant to absorb the seismic waves or do not let the waves propagate
through the building. Though it is not possible to prevent an earthquake, the least that can be achieved in reducing the damage
is to make the buildings earthquake resistant with the advancements in earthquake resistant techniques.
