Issuu

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42251

May 2022

Design and Fabrication of Solar Automatic Cow Dung Cleaner Ankush Dharmik1, Jitendra Nagpure2, Sahil Khanorkar3, Shubham Kshirsagar4, Vinay Lokhande5, Prof. M. S. Matey6 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 6

Student, Mechanical Engineering Department, Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur

Abstract: In today`s scenario farmers are having hard time in maintaining the cow shed to clean the cow dung they have to spend more time or they have to hire workers for more money. So in this paper we suggest a mechanism which is used to collect the cow dung and also used to clean the area. We use cow dung cleaning machine which runs under the power generated by solar. By using this process automatically human power will be saved. Keywords: Animal Cleaner, Solar, Motor, Power Transmission, Torque I. INTRODUCTION Cow dung has traditionally been used as a fertiliser, but it is now collected and used to make bio gas. Farmers are having a difficult time keeping their cow sheds in today's environment. They have spent more time cleaning cow poo. As a result, we recommend that this mechanism be used in conjunction with a solar-powered automatic cow dung collection and cleaning system. To gather cow manure, we employed a controller system in this system. Limit switches, DC motors, DC pumps, solenoid valves, and drag are among the mechanical and electrical components used in this project. Cleaning is a daily routine in every home, office, hotel, hospital, animal farm, and so on. Everyone wants easy and quick cleaning, which is why everyone is drawn to electromechanical cleaning systems II. LITERATURE SURVEY Cow dung has traditionally been used as a fertiliser, but it is now collected and used to make bio gas. Farmers are having a difficult time keeping their cow sheds in today’s environment. They have spent more time cleaning cow poo. As a result, we recommend that this mechanism be used in conjunction with a solar-powered automatic cow dung collection and cleaning system. Cleaning is a daily routine in every home, office, hotel, hospital, animal farm, and so on. Everyone wants easy and quick cleaning, so electromechanical equipment is attracting everyone’s attention, and trendy machines are emerging to meet the demand. The currently available machine is powered by electricity and does not lift rubbish. The machine in this project is specifically developed for cleaning livestock farms. The machine’s operation is based on the operator’s manual push. This machine uses a blade to lift the waste, which is then collected in the tub. The front blade for lifting garbage is manually actuated by a lifting mechanism. The machine is built in such a way that the waste collection tub can be removed for unloading. The machine’s structure is sturdy and robust to ensure the user’s comfort. III. LITERATURE SUMMERY We advised the mechanism “sun powered computerised cow dung cleansing gadget for cowshed” to aid farmers in reducing the difficulty of cleaning waste on the shed. These task patterns may be particularly onerous inside the dairy farming industry for quick and efficient cleaning of the farm’s surroundings, as well as the storage of water in addition to human labour or human power. Only an operator is required for operation control IV. NEED AND OBJECTIVES All One of the most important problems facing the world today is the energy problem. The growth in demand for electrical energy, along with the high cost of fuel, has resulted in this situation. The motive behind developing this equipment is to create mechanizations which will help to minimize effort of dairy farming. It is suitable at minimum costs for the farmers so that he can afford it, of the many products. To create a machine that makes cleaning simple and quick. To develop easy and cheap maintenance cost machine.

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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538 Volume 10 Issue V May 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com V. STATEMENT ABOUT THE PROBLEM During a visit to a dairy farm, it observed that the hesitation of labours in picking and collecting cow dung by hand. While interacting with the dairy farmer, it is come to know that there was always shortage of manpower due to the nature of work involved. It is observed that in many villages the problem of electricity is very major concern, there is no proper arrangement of electricity to run electric equipment’s. Design and CAD Model of the project

Fig. 1. Conceptual drawing of cow dung cleaner

Fig. 2. CAD Model

VI. MATERIAL PARTS The major components of solar powered automatic cow dung cleaning system for cowshed are written below: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Battery D.C motor Frame Microcontroller Limit switches Solar panel

VII. DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS OF PROJECT A. Design Specifications of D.C. Motor Rated torque - 5.9881 N-m (Newton meters) St all torque - 19.9983 N-m (Newton meters) Unload high speed - 50 rpm, 1.5 A Unload low speed - 35 rpm, 1.0 A Maximum wattage - 50 W/12 V DC Motor noise - <45 dB (decibel) Motor weight - 12.0102 N (Newton) Approx. size - 7.25"x4"x3.5"

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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538 Volume 10 Issue V May 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com B. Design Specifications of Battery Voltage -12 Volt Current - 7.5 AH (Ampere Hour) Rechargeable type Battery C. Design Specifications of Solar Panel Capacity - 24 Watt Voltage - 12 Volt Current - 2 AH (Ampere Hour) Material - Silicon D. Design Specifications of Bearing 6202 Ball Bearing Inside diameter - 15 mm Outside diameter - 35 mm Width - 11 mm E. Design Specifications of Waste Lifter Length - 580 mm Breath - 140 mm F. Design Specifications of Wheel Material Used - Nylon Radius - 37.5 mm Thickness - 25 mm G. Design Specifications of Frame Breath - 760 mm Length - 1270 mm Height - 1400 mm Material - Mild Steel H. Design Specifications of Chain Sprocket No. of Teeth- 20 I. Design Specifications of Spur Gear Material Used - Cast Iron Gear Ratio - 1:4 Pitch - 8 mm Radius - 52.5 mm Radius hole - 10 mm J. Design Specifications of Shaft Length - 910 mm Outer Diameter - 22 mm Length between shaft to shaft - 930 mm Power transmitted by the shaft - 108577.5105 Watt

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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538 Volume 10 Issue V May 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com K. Design Specifications of Collecting Bin Width of collecting bin - 300 mm Depth of collecting bin - 380 mm Length of collecting bin - 750 mm L. Design Specifications of Chain Size of Chain - 40 Pitch - 12.70 mm Maximum Roller Diameter - 7.92 mm Minimum Ultimate Tensile Strength - 13896.0230 N (Newton) Measuring Load - 137.2931 (Newton) Solar Charge Controller5 A (ampere) 12 V VIII.

DESIGN CALCULATION OF COMPONENT

A. Calculation of Motor Motor speed= N = 60 rpm Power = 15 Watts P = 2 π N T /60 T = P × 60 / 2 N T = 15 × 60 / 2 π × 60 T = 2.387 N-m Torque = 2.3875×1000 N-mm Force acting on the shaft of the motor Diameter of shaft “d” = 6 mm Torque developed T = F * r F = T / r = 2387.5 / 3 F = 795.8 N The material being used for the shaft is mild steel Yield stress σ y = 380 MPa for M S Material Shear stress f s = σy /2*FOS (FOS = factor of safety) Fs = 380 / 2 *2 Fs= 95 MPa Load acting on the motor shaft = 3kg = 3*9.81 =29.43 Newton Stress = Force/area σ =29.43/ π/4 × d2 d = 0.63mm Taking diameter of shaft as 6 mm for the motor Hence the design of the motor shaft is safe. σ s= Shear Strength Torque acting on the motor for load of 30N (for mild steel σ s = 95 MPa) T= (π/16)× σ s ×( d3 ) = (π/16) × 95 × ( 63 ) T= 4029 N-mm Torque = force * radius Force = T / r = 4029/3 Force = 1343 N The load acting on the motor shaft is 30 N, since it can take load up to 1343 N. Hence, design is safe.

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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538 Volume 10 Issue V May 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com B. Calculation of Motor Shaft Load acting on the shafts = 30 N Shear strength σ s = force/area 95=29.43/ π/4(d2) d=0.63 Taking 6mm Hence the design of the shaft is safe It can lift the load of the entire machine easily. Checking for crushing stress Stress = load / area 380/2*2 = 30 / (π × D × L) L=1.5 D 95 = 30 / (π × D × 1.5D) D = 0.26 mm Taking 6mm Hence the design for crushing is also safe C. Calculation of Shaft Material used = Mild steel Length = 670 mm. Length between two shaft = 700 mm Power transmitted by shaft = 25.31 W Speed N = 60 rpm Assuming Electric motor- line shaft Kl=Load Factor K1 = 1.75 (from fesign data for machine element book pg. no 112) P= 2 π N T / 60 * K1 25.31 = 2 * π * 60 * T / 60*1.75 T = 2.31 N-m T = 2.31* 103 N-mm. FS = sys / FOS sys = 183 Mpa FOS = 2 to 5 Assume = FOS = 3 FS = 183/3 FS = 61 Mpa Td = π / 16 * FS * ( d3 ) 30.241 * 103 = π /16 * 61 * d3 d = 5.77 mm Increasing the diameter of shaft by 15% considering the bending moment. d = 1.5 * 5.77 d = 8.655 mm Taking standard diameter from design data book. d = 22 mm. D. Design Calculation of Gear Power 15 Watts 14.5 degrees (FDI) Speed of pinion N1 = 60 rpm No. of teeth Z1 = 18 teeth No. of teeth Z2 = 18 teet

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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538 Volume 10 Issue V May 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com GR= Z2/Z1 GR= 18/18 GR= 1 1) Speed Of chain N1 = Speed of Chain N2 = N1/GR = 60/1 (from design data for machine element book pg. no. 164) Stress in pinion and gear Sd1 = 140 Mpa (pinion) Sd2 = 90 Mpa (gear) 2) Lewis Form Factor Y1 = 0.124 - (0.684 / Z1) (from design data for machine element book pg. no. 167) = 0.124 - (0.684 / 18) Y1= 0.086 Y2 = 0.124 - (0.684 / Z2) = 0.124 - (0.684 /18) Y2= 0.086 Lewis Form Factor=Y=0.086 3) Torque Developed T2 = ( 955 * 104 * Power * Cs) / N2 (from design data for machine element book pg. no.93) T2 = (955 * 104 * 0.015 * 1.25 ) /18 T2 = 9.947 * 103 N-mm Torque Developed=T2= 9.947 * 103 N-mm 4) Mean Velocity Vm = (3.142 * N1 * N2) / (60 * 1000) (from design data for machine element book pg. no.173) = (3.142 * m * 18 * 18) / (60*1000) Vm = (3.142 * m * 135 * 18) / (60 * 1000) Vm= 0.169m 5) Velocity Factor Kv = [ 3 / (3 + Vm)] (from design data for machine element book pg. no.173) Velocity factor=Kv=[ 3 / (3 + 0.169 m)] Kv=1 6) Module m3 = (2T2) / (π2 * β * Y2 * Z2 * Sd2 * Kv) = (2 * 9.974 * 1000) * (3+0.169m) / (π2 * 4 * 0.1189 * 18 * 90 * 1) = 2.61mm Module=1.37mm 7) Diameters Pitch diameter of pinionD1 = m * Z1 = 1.37*18 D1 =24.66 mm Pitch diameter of gearD2 = M * Z2 = 1.37 *18 D2= 24.66 mm 8) Mean Velocity Vm = 0.0169 m = 0.0169 * 1.37 Vm= 0.169 m / s

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Velocity Factor Kv = 0.994

10) Allowable Stress Sdall = Kv * Sd2 = 0.994 * 90 Allowable stress Sdall = 89.46 Mpa 11) Induced Stress m3 = (2T2) / [(π2 * β * Y2 * Z2 * Sdin * Kv] Sdin = (2 * 9.947 *1000) / [π4 * 4 * 0.1189 * 18 * 0.9943] Induced Stress Sdin = 23.5 Mpa Since Sdin is less than Sdall Therefore, the design is safe. E. Calculation of Battery Voltage - 12V Current - 8AH (Ampere Hour) The power of the battery is givenPower = Voltage * Current = 12 *8 Power = 96 Watt We have used this battery because it produces 96 Watt of power which is enough to run the motor of 15 Watts up to 6 hours. F. Calculation of Solar Panel Power= 24 Watt Voltage = 12 V Current = Power / Voltage = 24 / 12 Current = 2 AH (Ampere Hour) The choice of the rating of a solar panel depends on the rating of battery used. Generally, a 12V solar panel should be paired with a 12V battery. Here, the rating of battery is 8 AH (Ampere Hour) so we used 12V solar panel in which is enough to charge the 12V battery G. Charging Time of Battery T=Charging time of battery T = Battery rating in amp hours / Total current consume by solar panel T=8/2 T = 4 hours Actual Model

Fig. 3. Actual Working Model

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International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538 Volume 10 Issue V May 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com IX. CONCLUSION For the farmers of their cattle shed, the design provides comfort and ease of cleaning. This design has many more advantages than current designs since it aids in the lifting of cow manure. It is a quick procedure that takes little time And there is no consumption of fuel. This design is made by keeping view of cheaper cost for fabrication and maintenance and Environmental Friendly. An important requirement is to make cleaning easy and quick for the farmers. This cleaning machine is cost effective equipment. There is no cost for fuel usage because an electric motor is utilised to clean. Design and safety has been given utmost importance keeping view of the comfort of the user and also the use of the motor is ecofriendly. Each component was thoroughly tested in order to provide results for the best product possible at most reasonable price. REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]

Ibrahim R, Andreas A. Solar Position Algorithm for Solar Radiation Applications. Colorado. Technical Report NREL. 2008. Meeus J. Astronomical Algorithms. 2nd ed. Virginia: Willman-Bell; 1998. Anonymous, Solar Tracking Application, White Paper. Milwakee: Rockwell Automation; 2011. Pazul K. Controller Area Network (CAN) Basics. Application Note (AN713). USA: Microchip; 1999. Fulhage C.D., pfost D.L.1993. Basic requirements for flushing dairies. Water quality initiative publication WQ 314, university extension, university of Missouri- Columbia Houdoy D.1992. suivis d`etabves avec aire de courage sur sol en pante paille pour vaches laitierers,ITEB Manreet Kaur “Design And Development Of Floor Cleaner Robot” International Journal of Computer Applications (0975-8887), Volume 97-No.19, July 2014. M. Ranjith Kumar “Design And Analysis Of Manually Floor Cleaning Machine” International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), ISSN: 2278-0181, Vol 4, Issue 4, April 2015. Barbin M., Ferrari P.2006. Hygienic conditions of milking cows in loose housing system with different lying areas. Proceedings of the word congress CIGR, Eurageng. VDI , FAU, Agricultural engineering for a better world, Bonn ,03-07 september,549-550

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