The building stock consumes approximately 40% of the energy and emits one-third of greenhouse gas emissions
(GHG). Improving the energy efficiency in buildings is essential to address climate change, reduce energy efficiency, and build a
net-zero energy building. In the current scenario, improving energy performance in existing buildings has been receiving
significant attention, which will reduce energy demand for building operations without affecting its occupants' health and
comfort. This approach requires strategies which is not only a technical approach but as well as in the operation and
management level. However, there is limited published literature that has comprehensively addressed these issues. This
dissertation aims to critically review existing body-of-the-knowledge on improving the energy efficiency of operating institutional
buildings. Peer-reviewed journal articles published in reputed journals were reviewed.
