Municipal waste water treatment systems are one of the major energy consumer systems. Treatment of waste water is
an energy intensive and costly process and also a huge source of Greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions whether directly or
indirectly. As per research and estimates, it is indicated that waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) consume about 1 to 3% of
the total electric energy output of a developed country and about 0.5 to 2% of the same for developing countries. In order to treat
fresh water crisis, it becomes imperative to treat and recycle waste water which requires huge amount of energy and capital
investments. Moreover, increase in energy prices and continuously deteriorating quality of environment as a result of generation
of energy forced the policy makers and other stakeholders to adopt suitable measures which can increase the energy efficiency of
WWTPs and simultaneously achieving the desired effluent quality. Treatment of waste water requires lot of energy during
various stages i.e. collectio
