ACAH2018 Programme & Abstract Book

PROGRAMME & ABSTRACT BOOK ISSN: 2433-7544 (ONLINE) ISSN: 2433-7587 (PRINT)

ACAH2018 RECENTERING: ASIAN SPACES

CULTURES & IDEAS

IN THE 21ST CENTURY KOBE, JAPAN | MARCH 30 – APRIL 1, 2018

Organised by The International Academic Forum (IAFOR) in association with the IAFOR Research Centre at Osaka University and IAFOR’s Global University Partners

www.acah.iafor.org

IAFOR Global Partners www.iafor.org/about/partners

IAFOR has entered into a number of strategic partnerships with universities across the world to form the IAFOR Global Partnership Programme. These academic partnerships support and nurture IAFOR’s goals of educational cooperation without borders, connecting the organisation with institutions that have an international and internationalising profile, and a commitment to interdisciplinary research. The IAFOR Global Partnership Programme provides mutual recognition and scope for Global Partner institutions and organisations to showcase their research strengths, as well as engage in the development of projects and programmes with IAFOR. Programme Design by Thaddeus Pope, IAFOR Media

www.acah.iafor.org

The 9th Asian Conference on Media, Communication & Film

MEDIASIA2018 TOKYO, JAPAN www.mediasia.iafor.org/mediasia2018

ACAH2018 conference delegates receive a 10% registration discount

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MediAsia2018 Conference Theme

"Fearful Futures"

We have reached a moment in international history that is one of potential paradigm shift. It is a moment when a problematic, but at least blandly progressivist, pro-multiculturalist movement toward “cosmopolitanism� (as Kwame Anthony Appiah might use the term) is being threatened by a far more destructive and potentially genocidal ethno-nationalism, the ferocity of which is fuelled by economic disparity, religious intolerance and retrograde ideologies regarding gender, race and sexuality. The possible global futures we face are fearful, indeed, and in an era of information and disinformation, fake news, and hysterical polemic, are sometimes made out to be inevitable. In this context, the arts, humanities, media and cultural studies play an important role in tracing the genealogy of the present moment, documenting it, and charting different paths forward, inviting such questions as how does culture replicate itself (or critically engage itself) in the classroom, in literature, in social media, in film, in the visual and theatrical arts, in the family, and among peer groups? How do we rise to the challenge of articulating a notion of human rights that also respects cultural difference? How do cultural representations of the environment abet or challenge the forces driving climate change? What are the roles and responsibilities of the individual activist as teacher, writer, artist, social scientist and community member? What are the responsibilities of both traditional and non-traditional media? How do we make sense of the ideologies driving hatred and intolerance, and posit different models of social engagement and organisation? Looking to the past, what do we learn about the challenges of today? This international and interdisciplinary conference will bring together a range of academics, independent researchers, artists and activists to explore the challenges that we face in the twenty-first century. In the hackneyed While we have every right to fear the future, we also have agency in creating that future. Can we commit to a cosmopolitanism that celebrates difference and that challenges social inequity? On our ability to answer to that question affirmatively likely hangs our very survival. The organisers encourage submissions that approach the conference theme from a variety of perspectives. However, the submission of other topics for consideration is welcome and we also encourage sessions within and across a variety of interdisciplinary and theoretical perspectives. Join us in 2018 in Tokyo to consider how we as educators do not only survive, but also positively thrive, in these uncertain and changing times.

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ACAH2018

Organising Committee

Myles Chilton Nihon University, Japan

Steve Clark

University of Tokyo, Japan

Donald E. Hall Lehigh University, USA

Joseph Haldane

The International Academic Forum (IAFOR)

Yukari Yoshihara University of Tsukuba, Japan

The Organising Committee of The Asian Conference on the Arts & Humanities (ACAH) is composed of distinguished academics who are experts in their fields. Organising Committee members may also be members of IAFOR's International Academic Advisory Board. The Organising Committee is responsible for nominating and vetting Keynote and Featured Speakers; developing the conference programme, including special workshops, panels, targeted sessions, and so forth; event outreach and promotion; recommending and attracting future Organising Committee members; working with IAFOR to select PhD students and early career academics for IAFOR-funded grants and scholarships; and oversee the reviewing of abstracts submitted to the conference.

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Welcome to

ACAH2018 Dear Colleagues, Welcome to The Asian Conference on Arts & Humanities (ACAH2018), now in its ninth year, and to the beautiful city of Kobe. In 2018 Japan celebrates 150 years since the reopening of the country to the world in the Meiji Restoration of 1868, but in fact, Kobe’s doors were opened a year earlier. Since then, Kobe was one of the leading Asian ports for trade alongside Shanghai, marking its name in the early last century as the international face of a modernising Japan in the regional setting of Kansai – an area that is historical, innovative and outward-looking. The city has one of the oldest Chinese and Indian communities in Japan because of this history, and has been home to many European and Russian (Jewish) émigrés. The Kansai area, home to Kobe, Kyoto, Osaka and Sakai, has represented the inherent strength (sokojikara) of Japan as the vortex of Japan’s cultural, political and commercial activities for nearly 13 centuries. In the old days, Kyoto, and the older capital Nara, were the repository of religion, knowledge, technology and civilisation that reached Japan by way of the Silk Road. In more recent times, Sakai, one of the oldest port cities near Osaka and the birth place of Senno Rikyu, the grand tea master, traded with the Spanish and Portuguese. Sakai was the main manufacturer of guns in 16th-century Japan. Osaka has been the biggest commerce centre since Edo-Period Japan, pioneering in futures trade and giving birth to many large trading houses that would provide the social capital for rapid industrialisation in the Meiji Eera. Even though the capital has moved to Tokyo, Kansai continues to flourish, in this rich cultural heritage and tradition of innovative thinking, as a place where East mingles with the West over time and space in ways that Tokyo cannot match. The symbolism of Kobe and Kansai is important to Japanese identity, as it has faced its own postindustrial challenges since the economic slump. The key to Japan’s renovation and continued relevance to the world is to rediscover and reappraise our own history of modernisation with a view to opening up to and engaging with the world in a more dynamic way. This place and country, with its complex and fascinating history, is a wonderful context in which to consider and explore the conference theme of "Recentering: Asian Spaces, Cultures and Ideas in the 21st Century", as we welcome over 200 delegates from 35 nations to the conference, and seek to engage in conversations that challenge and inspire new research partnerships and personal friendships. I would like to thank the members of the ACAH2018 Organising Committee for helping to shape this remarkable conference program, namely Myles Chilton, Steve Clark, Yukari Yoshihara and Donald Hall. I would also like to extend my thanks to the plenary speakers, as well as to our institutional partner universities for their support, as well as a special thanks to Dr Yutaka Mino, Director of the Museum for kindly allowing us to use the facilities, and for his ongoing support of this event. I would like to acknowledge IAFOR Silk Road Initiative researchers, and events associated with the Initiative in this conference, and encourage you to find out more about this during the conference. Lastly, I would like to thank each and every delegate for making the journey to Kobe to attend this event, whether this is your first IAFOR conference, or you are now a regular attendee. I look forward to meeting you all,

Warm regards, Dr Joseph Haldane Chairman & CEO, IAFOR

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Conference Theme

"Recentering: Asian Spaces, Cultures and Ideas in the 21st Century" If globalisation is characterised by simultaneous networks of information, has the concept of centres become obsolete? Or do certain recent geopolitical developments – the fading of America’s “global leadership” being counterbalanced by the rise of China’s, the latter’s new Belt and Road Initiative promising to become a new Silk Road, Britain’s exit from the EU, and the newly proposed trade agreements between Japan and Europe – put the world on the verge of a radical recentering? Will the burgeoning mega-cities in Asia displace the traditional nation-state in the competition for capital, status and enhanced technologies? Scholars and students of the humanities have long questioned the extent to which shifts in formations of power – empires, countries, regions, cities – resonate through cultural practices that centre on literary and aesthetic meaning, expression and representation. This provokes further questions about how such centres can be identified, defined and represented; and about their relations of other types and modes of centering. Is cultural prestige dependent on political centrality? Or can it be achieved through the circulation of forms and aesthetics that operate in their own economy? For that matter, what is central to its meanings and valuations of culture? What of the humanities themselves? Fears of their marginalisation are based on the assumption that they were once central, and that the only way to restore their former authority is to argue against their subordination to scientific, technological or vocational forms of education. Can the humanities find new life in multi- or cross-disciplinary frameworks? How can they survive the dominant trend towards more marketable or “useful” forms of education? What is central to the humanities? Should older disciplines such as Literature and Aesthetics reinvent themselves as it be Cultural Studies? Or should they now concentrate on comprehending their own historical genealogies in relation to current scholarly practices? There is also the question of why, in the wake of postcolonial and transnational decenterings, do elite Anglo-American universities retain so much of their cultural capital? How might humanities redefine themselves if recentred in Asian institutions? Is it possible for the prevailing discourses of Western humanism to be combined with Asian values, goals and traditions? Could such a transformation help to rehabilitate the humanities’ current beleaguered status in America and Europe? Our present historical moment compels us to think through the implications of these and other modes of recentering. The Asian Conference on Arts and Humanities 2018 provides an opportunity for academics, artists, writers and students to explore the challenges of multi-faceted and interdisciplinary rethinkings of the ways we imagine, articulate and work with centres. 6 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

Conference Guide Directions & Access Conference at a Glance Floor Guide General Information Presentation Guide Lunch & Dinner Professor Stuart D. B. Picken (1942–2016) IAFOR Academic Grant & Scholarship Recipients IAFOR Journals

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Directions & Access

Venue 1: Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art IAFOR will be providing a free shuttle bus service from the Art Center Kobe to the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art on Friday, March 30. Delegates should meet in the Art Center Kobe Lobby (2F) from 11:45. The shuttle bus will depart at 12:20 and 12:50. Alternatively, if you would prefer to use public transport, please see the options below:

Option 1: From Kobe-Sannomiya Station Take the Hanshin Line bound for Hanshin-Umeda Get off at Iwaya (2nd stop) Walk down the hill to the museum (approx 600m)

Option 2: From JR Sannomiya Station Take the Tokaido-Sanyo Line bound for Takatsuki Get off at Nada Station (1st stop) Walk down the hill to the museum (approx 800m)

Address Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art 兵庫県立美術館 Wakinohama Kaigan-dori 1-1-1, Chuo-ku, Kobe City 神戸市中央区脇浜海岸通1-1-1 8 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

Directions & Access

Venue 2: Art Center Kobe From Kansai International Airport Board the Kobe-bound Airport Limousine Bus from bus stop number 6 on the first floor of Kansai International Airport. Get off at Sannomiya Station (see "From Sannomiya Station" below).

By Bullet Train (Shinkansen) The Art Center Kobe is a five-minute walk from the first-floor exit of Shin-Kobe Station. There are regular bullet train (Shinkansen) services from Osaka (15 minutes), Kyoto (30 minutes) Tokyo (2 hours 48 minutes) and Hiroshima (1 hour 13 minutes).

From Sannomiya Station (Kobe Downtown Area) The bustling downtown centre of Sannomiya, with a huge range of restaurants, bars, cafes and shops, is a 15-minute walk or a short direct subway ride away. The limited express train from Osaka Station to Sannomiya takes around 30 minutes. There are three options:

• • •

Take the subway to Shin-Kobe Station on the Seishin-Yamate Line (about two minutes) Take a taxi to the Art Center Kobe (about five minutes) Walk to the Art Center Kobe (about 15 minutes) #IAFOR | ACAH2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 9

Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art (main entrance)

Friday at a Glance

March 30, 2018 | Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art 11:15-12:45

Lunch | Mame-no-hatake

12:00-13:15

Conference Registration | Museum Auditorium (1F)

13:15-13:40

Announcements & Welcome Address | Museum Auditorium (1F) Kiyoshi Mana, IAFOR Joseph Haldane, IAFOR & Osaka University, Japan Myles Chilton, Nihon University, Japan Yukari Yoshihara, Tsukuba University, Japan Steve Clark, University of Tokyo, Japan

13:40-14:25

Keynote Presentation | Museum Auditorium (1F) “The Prospect … towards the East”: Reorienting EighteenthCentury British Literature Eun-Kyung Min, Seoul National University, South Korea

14:30-15:15

Keynote Presentation | Museum Auditorium (1F) British Romanticism in China: Received, Revised, and Resurrected Ou Li, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

15:15-15:45

Coffee Break | Museum Auditorium (1F)

15:45-16:05

IAFOR Vladimir Devidé Haiku Award 2018: Winners Announcement and Haiku Reading | Museum Auditorium (1F)

16:05-16:15

IAFOR Documentary Photography Award | Museum Auditorium (1F)

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Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art (waterfront entrance)

Friday at a Glance

March 30, 2018 | Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art 16:20-16:40

Featured Presentation | Museum Auditorium (1F) From DAMIN to the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Georges Depeyrot, French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), France IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Associated Presentation

16:45-17:30

Keynote Presentation | Museum Auditorium (1F) The Ceramic Road Yutaka Mino, The Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art, Kobe, Japan IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Associated Presentation

17:30-17:35

Recognition of IAFOR Scholarship Winners | Museum Auditorium (1F)

17:35-17:45

Announcements, Recap & Conference Photo

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Saturday at a Glance

March 31, 2018 | Art Center Kobe 08:30-09:00

Coffee, Tea and Pastries | Room 504 (5F)

09:00-11:00

Parallel Session I

11:00-11:15

Coffee Break | Room 504 (5F)

11:15-12:45 11:15-12:45

Parallel Session II IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Session I | Room 501 (5F)

12:45-13:45 12:45-13:30

Lunch Break | Mame no Hatake Japanese Calligraphy (Shodo) Workshop | Room 504 (5F)

13:45-15:45 13:45-15:45 15:30-16:30

Parallel Session III IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Session II | Room 501 (5F) IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Session III | Room 501 (5F)

15:45-16:00

Coffee Break | Room 504 (5F)

16:00-17:00

Workshop Session | Room 506 (5F)

16:00-17:45

Featured Symposium Presentation | Room 504 (5F) Geopolitics of Literature in Cold War Asia Hiromi Ochi, Hitotsubashi University, Japan Hajime Saito, University of Tsukuba, Japan Jiyoung Kim, Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea Yukari Yoshihara, University of Tsukuba, Japan

17:45-19:00

Conference Welcome Reception | Grand Salon (3F)

18:00-18:30

Ikebana Workshop | Grand Salon (3F) Shoso Shimbo, RMIT University, Australia

19:30-21:00

Official Conference Dinner (optional extra)

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Sunday at a Glance

April 1, 2018 | Art Center Kobe 08:30-09:00

Coffee, Tea and Pastries | Room 504 (5F)

09:00-10:00

Conference Poster Session | Room 504 (5F)

09:00-10:00

Workshop Session | Room 506 (5F)

10:00-12:00

Featured Symposium Presentation | Prokofiev Hall (2F) Recentering English and the Humanities in the Asian University in the 21st Century Steve Clark, University of Tokyo, Japan John W P Phillips, National University of Singapore, Singapore Michael O’Sullivan, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong L. Ashley Squires, New Economic School, Moscow, Russia Myles Chilton, Nihon University, Japan

12:00-13:00

Lunch Break | Mame no Hatake

13:00-14:30

Parallel Session I

14:30-14:45

Coffee Break | Room 504 (5F)

14:45-16:45

Parallel Session II

16:45-17:00

Closing Remarks | Room 504 (5F)

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Floor Guide

Venue 1: Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art

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Floor Guide

Venue 2: Art Center Kobe

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General Information Registration You will be able to pick up your registration pack and name card at the Conference Registration Desk. The Conference Registration Desk and Publications Desk will be situated in the following locations during the conference: Friday Saturday Sunday

12:00-17:30 08:30-17:30 08:30-17:00

Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art Art Center Kobe Art Center Kobe

Museum Auditorium (1F) Room 504 (5F) Room 504 (5F)

If you have any questions or concerns, IAFOR staff and volunteers will happily assist you in any way they can.

Name Badges When you check in, you will receive a registration pack, which includes your name badge. Wearing your badge is required for entrance to the sessions. You must wear your badge at all times during the conference. There are four colours of badges indicating the type of conference participant: Red: Presenters and Audience Yellow: Keynote and Featured Speakers Blue: Conference Exhibitors and Affiliates Black: IAFOR Staff

Internet Access There is no free Wi-Fi connection available in the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art. There is free Wi-Fi internet connection on the fifth floor of Art Center Kobe*. However, this can be unreliable and we would strongly suggest that you do not rely on a live connection for your presentation. Wi-Fi Connection Name: kobe-art Wi-Fi Password: art12345 *There is no Wi-Fi connection on the second floor of Art Center Kobe. 16 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

General Information Refreshment Breaks Complimentary coffee, tea and water will be available during scheduled coffee breaks in Room 504 (5F) of the Art Center Kobe on Saturday and Sunday. Pastries and fresh fruit will be provided in the morning and light snacks in the afternoon. Food and drink (excluding water) are not allowed in the Museum auditorium or in presentation rooms at the Art Center Kobe. Also, please refrain from consuming food and drink in and around the 2F entrance area of the Art Center Kobe.

Printing For your convenience, there will be an iMac computer (with Microsoft Office installed) and a printer at the conference Registration Desk. We are able to offer a complimentary printing service of up to ten A4 sheets should you need this. Please be advised that printing may not be available at peak times. The Crowne Plaza operates a business centre for copying, printing and scanning. This business centre is staffed and open between 09:00 and 17:00 daily.

Smoking Smoking is not permitted in either the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art or the Art Center Kobe. Please smoke outside of these building in the designated smoking areas.

What to Wear & Bring Attendees generally wear business casual attire. You may wish to bring a light jacket or sweater as meeting rooms are air-conditioned. Tour attendees are encouraged to wear comfortable shoes and bring an umbrella or waterproof in case of rain.

Photo/Recording Waiver During the course of a conference, attendees may have their voice, likeness and/or actions captured in photograph, video and/or audio recordings. By attending a conference, attendees agree to irrevocably grant IAFOR, its assigns, licensees and successors the right to video, photograph, publish, record, broadcast, exhibit, digitize, display, copyright, license, transfer, reproduce, translate, modify, edit or otherwise use perpetually throughout the world, in all media now and hereafter known or devised, in whole or in part, images, likeness, voice, name and actions in audio and video recordings, photographs and materials prepared by and/or disseminated by IAFOR. #IAFOR | ACAH2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 17

Presentation Guide Conference Abstracts All conference abstracts are available online. Please visit papers.iafor.org for a searchable database of abstracts.

Oral & Workshop Presentations Oral Presentation Sessions will run from 09:00 on Saturday and Sunday morning. They are generally organised into parallel sessions by streams. Oral Presentations are normally scheduled in sessions comprising three presentations, lasting 90 minutes in total. In sessions with two Oral Presentations, the session will last 60 minutes, and in the case of four Oral Presentations, an extended session lasting 120 minutes will be scheduled. The time in the sessions is to be divided equally between presentations. We recommend that an Oral Presentation should last 15–20 minutes to include time for question and answers, but should last no longer than 25 minutes. Any remaining session time may be used for additional discussion.

Equipment All rooms will be equipped with a MacBook computer pre-installed with PowerPoint and Keynote and connected to a LCD projector. If you wish, you may directly link your own PC laptop, although we advise you to use the computer provided by plugging in your USB flash drive. We recommend that you bring two copies of your presentation in case one fails, and suggest sending yourself the presentation by email as a third and final precaution.

Session Chairs Session Chairs are asked to introduce themselves and other speakers (briefly) using the provided printouts of speaker bios, hand out the provided presentation certificates at the end of the session, ensure that the session begins and ends on time, and that the time is divided fairly between the presentations. Each presenter should have no more than 25 minutes in which to present his or her paper and respond to any questions. The Session Chair is asked to assume this timekeeping role, and to this end yellow and red timekeeping cards are used as a visual cue for presenters, letting them know when they have five minutes remaining, and when they must stop. Please follow the order in the programme, and if for any reason a presenter fails to show up, please keep to the original time slots as delegates use the programme to plan their attendance. 18 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

Presentation Guide Conference Poster Session The Conference Poster Session is 60 minutes in length and takes place on Sunday in Room 504 (5F) in the Art Center Kobe from 09:00 to 10:00. The poster display boards are 1800 mm high x 900 mm wide. Tape will be provided for putting posters up. Please be aware that there are no on-site facilities for printing posters.

Presentation Certificates Poster Presenters can pick up a certificate of presentation from the Registration Desk. All other presenters will receive a certificate of presentation from their Session Chair or a member of staff at the end of their session.

Conference Proceedings The Conference Proceedings are published on the IAFOR website (papers.iafor.org), and can be freely accessed as part of IAFOR’s research archive. All authors may have their full paper published in the online Conference Proceedings. Full text submission is due by May 01, 2018 through the online system. The proceedings will be published on June 01, 2018. Authors will have PDF copies of their offprints emailed to them by July 01, 2018.

A Polite Request to All Participants Participants are requested to arrive in a timely fashion for all presentations, whether to their own or to those of other presenters. Presenters are reminded that the time slots should be divided fairly and equally between the number of presentations, and that presentations should not overrun. Participants should refrain from talking amongst themselves and ensure that mobile phones are switched off or set to silent mode during presentations.

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Lunch & Dinner Lunch Vouchers & Location Lunch on Friday, Saturday and Sunday is included in the conference registration fee. Your IAFOR lunch voucher can be exchanged for lunch at Mame no Hatake on those days. Located in the ANA Crowne Plaza, Mame no Hatake is a five-minute walk from the Art Center Kobe. This Japanese buffet-style restaurant has a great variety of Japanese dishes available, including vegetarian and vegan options. The restaurant specialises in tofu-based and traditional Japanese vegetable dishes. Lunch service includes an unlimited drinks bar, coffee station and dessert table. Please collect your lunch voucher from the IAFOR staff member situated outside the restaurants at the ANA Crowne Plaza during the lunch period. On Saturday and Sunday, please remember to bring your conference name badge as you will need to show this in order to claim your voucher. Please give your voucher to restaurant staff as you enter. See the map above for directions to Mame no Hatake. Restaurant name: Mame no Hatake (豆乃畑) Restaurant address: Shin-Kobe Oriental Avenue 2F (ANA Crowne Plaza), 1-1 Kitanocho Chuo-Ku, Kobe

Lunch Times Friday Saturday Sunday

11:15-12:45 12:15-13:45 12:00-13:30

Mame no Hatake Mame no Hatake Mame no Hatake

Conference Dinner The official Conference Dinner is a ticketed optional event (5,000 JPY). Please remember to bring your name tag to the Conference Dinner. Conference Dinner attendees should meet in the Art Center Kobe Lobby (2F) at 18:50 on Saturday, March 31, 2018. The group leaves for the restaurant at 19:00. It takes approximately 25 minutes to walk to the restaurant. Restaurant name: Ganko (がんこ トアロード店) Restaurant address: Kitanagasadori 3-1-17, Chuo-ku, Kobe (〒650-0012 兵庫県神戸市中央区北長狭通3-1-17 がんこ トアロード店)

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IAFOR Academic Grant & Scholarship Recipients Our warmest congratulations go to Pin-Pin Debbie Chan and Mahbubeh Moqadam, who have been selected by the conference Organising Committee to receive grants and scholarships to present their research at The Asian Conference on the Arts & Humanities 2018 (ACAH2018). IAFOR's grants and scholarships programme provides financial support to PhD students and early career academics, with the aim of helping them pursue research excellence and achieve their academic goals through interdisciplinary study and interaction. Awards are based on the appropriateness of the educational opportunity in relation to the applicant's field of study, financial need, and contributions to their community and to IAFOR's mission of interdisciplinarity. Scholarships are awarded based on availability of funds from IAFOR and vary with each conference. Find out more about IAFOR grants and scholarships: iafor.org/financial-support

Stuart D. B. Picken Grant & Scholarship Recipient Pin-Pin Debbie Chan, University of Western Australia, Australia

Debbie Chan is currently a PhD candidate in the department of Asian Studies at the University of Western Australia. Her thesis explores a new discourse of masculinity in the visual and literary culture of Japan during the 1920s and 1930s – the Modern Boy modan bōi , commonly shortened as the mobo. By interrogating the ideological tensions and socio-historical forces underpinning the mobo discourse, she looks at the way gender construction was linked in complex ways to Japan’s project of nation-building and international positioning in the early twentieth century.

The Modern Boy As a "Zero" Construct: Ambivalent Representations of Modern Masculinity in Early Twentieth-Century Japan This paper interrogates the Modern Boy (mobo) in the 1920s and 1930s Japan as a discourse of modern masculinity underpinned by transnational flows between differing cultures of reference. As a result of these transnational encounters, the mobo was often ambivalently constructed in visual and literary discourses of the time. On the one hand, the visibility of the “body” of the mobo in terms of his fashionable Western attire and engagement in new Western social practices made him a powerful sign of a desirable modern masculinity according to a Western culture of reference. The circulation of the mobo’s image as a beautiful commodified male in popular mass culture also points to a renegotiation of masculinity according to a new gender-blurring beauty aesthetic in early twentieth-century Japan. On the other hand, the mobo was often constructed as an undesirable form of masculinity – a “zero” type masculinity, as he was described by critics of the time. The parodic and emasculated “zero” mobo therefore functioned as a masculine “Other” to establish hegemonic masculine ideals. In the context of Japanese nation-building during the early twentieth century, such representations need to be interrogated as ideological strategies that constructed normative gender identity in Japanese society but also consolidated gendered national identity amidst great transnational cultural flows. As an ambivalent discourse of modern masculinity inflected by transnational flows, the mobo discourse contributes to an understanding of how gender construction was linked in complex ways to Japan’s project of nation-building and international positioning in the early twentieth-century. Continued on the following page.

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IAFOR Academic Grant & Scholarship Recipients IAFOR Scholarship Recipient

Mahbubeh Moqadam, Middle East Technical University, Turkey Mahbubeh Moqadam is currently a PhD candidate in Sociology at Middle East Technical University, Turkey and is a PhD candidate in Gender studies at Ankara University, Turkey. She was previously an assistant of Prof. Afsaneh Najmabadi at Harvard University, the US in a historical project about Iranian women. Born in Tehran, Iran, Mahbubeh Moqadam was educated at Tehran University, Iran and graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Sociology. Mahbubeh Moqadam attended Allameh Tabataba'i University, Iran gaining her Master degree in Women Studies and Family before embarking on various research studies related to gender issues both in Iran and Turkey. She is currently working on her PhD thesis which is about women's rights movements in Iran and Turkey.

The Possibility of Solidarity Listening to Young Women in Iran and Turkey It is a long time that women in the Middle East are struggling to create their own space in the “modern society”; however, up until now, the picture of them, almost always, has been reproducing the same portrait displaying their independent identity neither in an evolutionary style nor a revolutionary way. Especially during last decades, although feminist-activists’ efforts have changed a variety of situations for women, the mentioned stereotypical picture has been repeating in a large-scale by Media; an image showing the women usually under the veil in different shapes but all are the same in one characteristic: being passive. Studying sociology in Turkey as an international student from Iran, I have recognised that “we” as young female scholars do not know almost anything about each other. Coming across this reality beside my theoretical background, which is based on Postcolonial theories, motivated me to do this research. For doing this research, I have met young female scholars in two capitals: Ankara and Tehran and I have had deep conversations with them. Benefiting from discourse analysis and theories of Postcolonial Studies, I have tried to answer this question: why do we know each other?

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The Reverend Professor Stuart D. B. Picken (1942–2016) The late Reverend Professor Stuart D. B. Picken began his distinguished career in academia as a Rotary Scholar on a research trip to Japan. A native of Scotland who had dedicated himself to religious studies, he immediately became fascinated by Japanese culture and the practice of Shinto. He was particularly drawn to the parallels and differences he saw in Western pedagogy compared to that of the East and began a lifelong mission to bridge the communication and knowledge gap between the two worlds. Picken was appointed Professor of Philosophy at the International Christian University (ICU) in 1972. Here he turned his Western theological and philosophical training to comparative religious and cultural studies of Japan, at a time when the country was emerging from the shadows of the Second World War. His groundbreaking and controversial work on suicide in Japan made his name within the country, but it was his subsequent work on Shinto that influenced the rehabilitation of the religion at a time when it was dismissed in the West as pagan and primitive, or unjustly caricatured for its wartime associations. Whether in his research or teaching, Picken devoted much of his life to increasing understanding between his adopted country of Japan and the West, and in 2007 he was recognised with the Order of the Sacred Treasure, an imperial decoration for his pioneering research and outstanding contribution to the promotion of friendship and mutual understanding between Japan and the United Kingdom. He also served as the International Adviser to the High Priest of the Tsubaki Grand Shrine, one of Japan’s largest and oldest shrines. From 2009 he was the founding Chairman of The International Academic Forum (IAFOR), where he was highly active in helping nurture and mentor a new generation of academics, and facilitating better intercultural and international awareness and understanding. Stuart D. B. Picken was a cherished friend and an inspiration to IAFOR and its community of supporters. In honour of Professor Picken and his dedication to academia, the ideals of intercultural understanding and the principles of interdisciplinary study, IAFOR has created the Stuart D. B. Picken Grant and Scholarship, an award supported by the Stuart D. B. Picken Memorial Fund. Awards will be made to PhD students and early career academics who are in need of funding to complete their research, and whose work demonstrates excellence in the core values of academic rigour, intercultural sensitivity and interdisciplinarity.

#IAFOR | ACAH2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 23

IAFOR Journals www.iafor.org/journals

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IAFOR Journals www.iafor.org/journals

The International Academic Forum’s journals conform to the highest academic standards of international peer review, and are published in accordance with IAFOR’s commitment to make all of our published materials available online.

How are journal editors appointed? Journal editors are appointed by The International Academic Forum’s leadership, under the guidance of the International Advisory Board. The term of appointment is for one issue, to be renewed by mutual consent.

How do we ensure academic integrity? Once appointed, the journal editor is free to appoint his or her own editorial team and advisory members. All papers published in the journal have been subjected to the rigorous and accepted processes of academic peer review. Neither editors nor members of the editorial team are remunerated for their work. Authors will never be asked to contribute to publication costs.

How are papers selected? Journal editors may accept papers through an open call, and proposed articles may be sent directly to the respective editors. A small number of papers from the associated Conference Proceedings may also be selected by the journal editor(s) for reworking and revising, subject to normal processes of review. It is expected that between five and ten percent of papers included in any given Conference Proceedings will be selected for consideration and potential publication in the associated conference journal.

How are IAFOR journals related to IAFOR conferences? IAFOR’s journals reflect the interdisciplinary and international nature of our conferences and are organised thematically. Papers included in the associated Conference Proceedings may be considered for reworking by the editor(s), and are then subjected to the same processes of peer review as papers submitted by other means.

Journal Editors IAFOR Journal of Arts & Humanities Alfonso J. García Osuna, Hofstra University, USA

IAFOR Journal of Literature & Librarianship Dr Richard Donovan, Kansai University, Japan

IAFOR Journal of Asian Studies Dr Seiko Yasumoto, University of Sydney, Australia

IAFOR Journal of Media, Communication & Film Dr Celia Lam, University of Nottingham Ningbo, China

IAFOR Journal of Business & Management Dr Anshuman Khare, Athabasca University, Canada IAFOR Journal of Cultural Studies Professor Holger Briel, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China IAFOR Journal of Education Dr Yvonne Masters, University of New England, Australia IAFOR Journal of Ethics, Religion & Philosophy Professor Lystra Hagley-Dickinson, Plymouth Marjon University, UK

IAFOR Journal of Politics, Economics & Law Dr Craig Mark, Kyoritsu Women’s University, Japan IAFOR Journal of Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences Dr Shahrokh Shafaie, Southeast Missouri State University, USA Dr Deborah G. Wooldridge, Bowling Green State University, USA IAFOR Journal of the Social Sciences Dr Tingting Ying, Ningbo University of Technology, China

IAFOR Journal of Language Learning New Journal Editor will be announced shortly #IAFOR | ACAH2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 25

Submit your research to the

IAFOR Journal of Arts & Humanities The IAFOR Journal of Arts & Humanities is an internationally reviewed and editorially independent interdisciplinary journal associated with IAFOR’s international conferences on Arts and Humanities. Editor: Dr Alfonso J. García Osuna, Hofstra University, USA ISSN: 2187-0616 Contact: ijah@iafor.org / publications@iafor.org

Aims & Scope The IAFOR Journal of Arts & Humanities publishes original articles on all aspects of the arts and humanities; that is to say, we are interested in works that study and document the varied ways in which people methodise and endeavour to decipher the human experience. In seeking to direct the journal’s critical perspectives toward innovative and pioneering terrain, we welcome articles that take a diagnostic approach to the assumptions that have long predisposed the study of literature, philosophy, art, history, religion, music and language. The editorial team aim to bring meaningful, influential work to an international community of scholars as well as to a worldwide audience. As such, we only publish papers with substantial scholarly underpinnings that will appeal to specialists and non-specialists alike and will advance our understanding of the arts and humanities. Given the journal’s wide scope, the research submitted must rise above the limitations of narrow, confined case studies. Where such studies are submitted, they must offer insights into issues of general interest to scholars. The Journal Editor welcomes submissions related to the arts and humanities from academics, practitioners and professionals from within the field. Full papers submitted to the related IAFOR Conference Proceedings research repositories will also be considered if the version submitted to the journal is revised and differs from the previously published article by at least 30 percent. All papers are reviewed equally according to standard peer review processes, regardless of whether or not the authors have attended a related IAFOR conference. For more information please visit:

www.ijah.iafor.org 26 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

THE IAFOR SILK ROAD INITIATIVE ACAH2018 SILK ROAD SESSIONS "Recentering: Asian Spaces, Cultures and Ideas in the 21st Century" The 2018 ACAH Conference in Kobe, will host a series of IAFOR Silk Road Initiative associated presentations, including two plenary presentations, a round table and a symposium on March 30 and 31. The conference theme of "Recentering: Asian Spaces, Cultures and Ideas in the 21st Century" will serve as the lense through which researchers associated with the Initiative will discuss a range of topics, covering art and culture, as well as history, politics, and international relations. Everybody attending the conference is welcome to attend the program to find out more, and to get involved.

www.silkroad.iafor.org

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The IAFOR Silk Road Initiative

Nurturing interdisciplinary research in the global public interest As an organisation, IAFOR’s mission is to promote international exchange, facilitate intercultural awareness, encourage interdisciplinary discussion, and generate and share new knowledge. In 2018, we are excited to launch a major new and ambitious international, intercultural and interdisciplinary research initiative that uses the silk road trade routes as a lens through which to study some of the world’s largest historical and contemporary geopolitical trends, shifts and exchanges. IAFOR is headquartered in Japan, and the 2018 inauguration of this project aligns with the 150th anniversary of the Meiji Restoration of 1868, when Japan opened its doors to the trade and ideas that would precipitate its rapid modernisation and its emergence as a global power. At a time when global trends can seem unpredictable, and futures fearful, this Silk Road Initiative gives the opportunity to revisit the question of the impact of international relations from a long-term perspective. This ambitious initiative will encourage individuals and institutions working across the world to encourage research centring on the contact between countries and regions in Europe and Asia, from Gibraltar to Japan, and the maritime routes that went beyond into the South-East Continent and the Philippines, and later out into the Pacific Islands and the United States. The IAFOR Silk Road Initiative will concern all aspects of this contact, and will examine both material and intellectual traces, as well as consequences. A series of round tables on the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative were held in Japan, the UK and Spain in 2017, and the initiative will become a central aspect of a series of conferences, meetings, seminars and workshops from 2018 in Asia, Europe and North America.

Rationale The occidentalisation of history and the grand narrative of European and American progress has consigned the Silk Road instead to historical quaintness, exotic literary caricature in the adventures of Marco Polo, or the sort of esoteric academic investigations that receive little attention. This largely ignores its huge historical and present-day importance and relevance to the routes and paths that continue to connect humans through trade and exchange. In a world of rankings, algorithms, unedited “news”, and self-referential “centres of excellence”, it is facile to conclude that the centre and pinnacle of all knowledge is held by a few pockets of venture-capitalbacked open-plan offices in Silicon Valley, or schools and universities in which the cloistered architecture does not even offer the pretence of openness. Globalisation, and the technology that has enabled it, has allowed an immense flowering of possibilities in communication and access to knowledge, while at the same time increasing alienation from self and society, encouraging “virtual” worlds, creating and cementing fissures, and encouraging fear of the foreign. It is only through encounters with difference that we are able to shape ourselves and our ideas, and physical human interaction is and remains at the source of all value. The international, intercultural and interdisciplinary meetings that lie at the heart of IAFOR and this research initiative have never been more important in our globalised world.

Lead Institutions • • • • • • •

The International Academic Forum (IAFOR), Japan Osaka University, Japan The IAFOR Research Centre (IRC), Japan Belgrade University, Serbia École Normale Supérieure (ENS), France DAMIN, France MONETA, France

If you wish to be informed of the latest news and developments, please subscribe to the mailing list on the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative website: www.silkroad.iafor.org 28 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

Silk Road Presentations

Friday, March 30, 2018 | Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art 16:20-16:40

Featured Presentation (details on page 38) | Museum Auditorium (1F) From DAMIN to the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Georges Depeyrot, French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), France

16:45-17:30

Keynote Presentation (details on page 39) | Museum Auditorium (1F) The Ceramic Road Yutaka Mino, The Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art, Kobe, Japan

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Silk Road Presentations

Saturday, March 31, 2018 | Art Center Kobe 11:15-12:45

IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Session I (details on page 55) | Room 501 (5F) Roundtable Session & Presentation Session Chairs: Georges Depeyrot, ENS/CNRS, France & Joseph Haldane, IAFOR & Osaka University, Japan

11:15-11:45

“International Academic Cooperation in Uncertain Times” Moscow Roundtable Conference Report & Roundtable Discussion

11:45-12:15

"Recentering: Asian Spaces, Cultures and Ideas in the 21st Century” Roundtable Discussion

12:15-12:45

The Silk Road: Past, Present and Future Ljiljana Markovic, University of Belgrade, Serbia Biljana Djoric Francuski, University of Belgrade, Serbia

13:45-15:45

IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Session II (details on page 62) | Room 501 (5F) Symposium Presentation Session Chair: Kiyomitsu Yui

13:45-14:15

Cultures Embodied in Materiality in Cultural Exchange: A Contribution to Modern Silk Road Studies Kiyomitsu Yui, Kobe University, Japan Noriyuki Inoue, Kobe University, Japan Hiroko Matsumoto, Kobe University, Japan

14:15-14:45

The Treasure in Shosoin and Silk Road Culture Sakae Naito, Nara National Museum, Japan

14:45-15:15

State Formation and International Relations in Ancient Japan (3rd to 7th Centuries) Akira Furuichi, Kobe University, Japan

15:30-16:30

IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Session III (details on page 63) | Room 501 (5F) Roundtable Session The Silk Road Ahead: Planning for Future Initiative Sessions and Events Joseph Haldane, IAFOR & Osaka University, Japan Ljiljana Markovic, University of Belgrade, Serbia Elena Mishieva, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation Georges Depeyrot, ENS/CNRS, France

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2018 Moscow Roundtable Report IAFOR Silk Road Initiative

The first IAFOR Silk Road Initiative roundtable of 2018 was held in Moscow on February 21, and in partnership with Moscow State University. The event was hosted by the Moscow State University Institute of Asian and African Studies, and opened by the Director of the Institute, renowned scholar of politics and international relations, Professor Igor I. Abylgaziev. Attended by a group of invited scholars from both universities in Moscow and abroad, the Roundtable was organised with the kind support of the President of the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Area Studies, Professor Svetlana Ter Minasova, and Dr Elena Mishieva, Academic Secretary of the same faculty, and IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Project Coordinator in Moscow. The roundtable was co-chaired by Professor Georges Depeyrot of the École Normale Supérieure (ENS), Paris, and Board member of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dr Joseph Haldane, Chairman and CEO of IAFOR, and took as its subject, “International Academic Cooperation in Uncertain Times”. The topic was very timely, as this is a period of great global political uncertainty. Professor Svetlana Ter Minasova delivered the opening address, which set the scene by underlining that most senior academics had effectively lived in two separate countries in succession; The Soviet Union until 1991, and then Russia since that time. She described the Soviet times as the “Kingdom of Prohibitions”, where everything was governed by what could not be done, and by what was prohibited, and there existed an insularity and isolationism, making relations with countries outside the communist sphere difficult. With the fall of the erstwhile “enemy” of the USSR, the new Russia became suddenly very popular, as different Western companies, NGOs and universities, sought to quickly build relations with the country, and money started to pour in as people sought to gain market position and influence. Although that created funding pools that had until that point been non-existent, it also ushered in an era of inflation, and meant university lecturer wages were not enough to live on, and obliged many to engage in supplementary private tuition, with academics being underpaid and overworked. This has led to the familiar problem of a brain drain, and economic migration, as Russian academics sought higher paid opportunities abroad. Although there have been market reforms introduced, the state educations system remains slow and highly bureaucratic. A presentation by Dr Lubov Kulik of the Faculty of Economics at Moscow State University spoke of the economics of education in a presentation that considered education as both a public good and a commodity. [Report cont'd on the next page.] #IAFOR | ACAH2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 31

Recently, Russia has found itself more distanced from the west, as a result of, and resulting in, a context of increased authoritarianism and nationalism, and this has often made international research collaborations more difficult, and has seen cuts in funding from such programs as Erasmus +. For its part, the Russian funding bodies have continued to prioritise STEM subjects over the liberal arts, following a policy that mirrors most other countries. In the non-science areas of study, funding is more often directed towards internationally and internally sensitive issues that are often geared towards encouraging internal cohesion, nation building and so on, and in areas such as geopolitics, minority languages and religions; not surprising given that Russia is at once an old and a young country. The intellectual life of the country is heavily weighted in Moscow and St Petersburg, although there are attempts to ensure that other parts of the country are well funded, and there are wellrespected state universities elsewhere in the country, such as Novosibirsk and Vladivostok, as well as satellite campuses in the former Soviet republics, where Russia maintains considerable economic, cultural and linguistic influence. The country also enjoys relations with many of the countries it now borders, and although these are historically weighted both positively and negatively, reflect a continued strong regional and cultural influence, where there are also large minority ethnic Russian populations. China has enjoyed a continued intellectual relationship with Russia, and there are frequent exchanges of students and professors alike, and Russian enjoys continued popularity in China, while Chinese is becoming a more popular language option. Professor Tatiana Dobrosklonskaya of Moscow State University, and a Visiting Professor at Beijing International Studies University gave a presentation which looked at the relationship and an overview of educational and cultural exchange between the two countries. Professor Ljiljana Markovic, Dean of the Faculty of Philology at the University of Belgrade closed the symposium by speaking of the modernisation paradigms of education, and in a context of political instability, drawing attention to crises of identity, both individual and national. She underlined that we must seek ways to collaborate, to work together, and that this is both a philosophical and practical commitment. In all, the symposium was a great success, and we look forward to future IAFOR Silk Road Initiative events. Dr Joseph Haldane Chairman and CEO, IAFOR

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Friday March 30 Plenary Session Speakers will provide a variety of perspectives from different academic and professional backgrounds on the ACAH2018 conference theme "Recentering: Asian Spaces, Cultures and Ideas in the 21st Century". These presentations will be recorded so please ensure that mobile phones are switched off or set to silent mode.

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Friday Plenary Speakers March 30, 2018

Eun-Kyung Min

Seoul National University, South Korea

Georges Depeyrot

French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), France

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Ou Li

Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Yutaka Mino

The Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art, Kobe, Japan

Friday Plenary Session 09:30-17:00 | Art Center Kobe

11:15-12:45

Lunch | Mame-no-hatake

12:00-13:15

Conference Registration | Museum Auditorium (1F)

13:15-13:40

Announcements & Welcome Address | Museum Auditorium (1F) Kiyoshi Mana, IAFOR Joseph Haldane, IAFOR & Osaka University, Japan Myles Chilton, Nihon University, Japan Yukari Yoshihara, Tsukuba University, Japan Steve Clark, University of Tokyo, Japan

13:40-14:25

Keynote Presentation | Museum Auditorium (1F) “The Prospect … towards the East”: Reorienting EighteenthCentury British Literature Eun-Kyung Min, Seoul National University, South Korea

14:30-15:15

Keynote Presentation | Museum Auditorium (1F) British Romanticism in China: Received, Revised, and Resurrected Ou Li, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

15:15-15:45

Coffee Break | Museum Auditorium (1F)

15:45-16:05

IAFOR Vladimir Devidé Haiku Award 2018: Winners Announcement and Haiku Reading | Museum Auditorium (1F)

16:05-16:15

IAFOR Documentary Photography Award | Museum Auditorium (1F)

16:20-16:40

Featured Presentation | Museum Auditorium (1F) From DAMIN to the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Georges Depeyrot, French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), France IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Associated Presentation

16:45-17:30

Keynote Presentation | Museum Auditorium (1F) The Ceramic Road Yutaka Mino, The Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art, Kobe, Japan IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Associated Presentation

17:30-17:35

Recognition of IAFOR Scholarship Winners | Museum Auditorium (1F)

17:35-17:45

Announcements, Recap & Conference Photo #IAFOR | ACAH2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 35

Keynote Presentation: Eun Kyung Min Friday, March 30 | 13:40-14:25 | Museum Auditorium (1F)

“The Prospect … towards the East”: Reorienting Eighteenth-Century British Literature The title of this talk is taken from Jonathan Swift’s 1704 A Full and True Account of the Battle Fought last Friday, Between the Ancient and Modern Books in St. James’s Library. According to Swift’s boisterous account, the quarrel between the ancients and the moderns begins as a dispute over real estate on the hills of Parnassus and ends as a bookish but bloody skirmish between the two camps in St. James’s Library. In the Battle, the ancients, who occupy the highest summit, manage successfully to defend their property from the encroachments of the moderns who are jealous of the ancients’ better “Prospect ... towards the East.” In this talk, I will draw out the larger implications of this phrase by examining how eighteenth-century British writers looked at and toward East Asia in an effort to conceptualise modern British literature in comparative and global perspective. I will also offer a brief overview of significant critical studies that have recently emerged to retell the story of the cross-cultural encounter between East Asia and eighteenth-century British literature. Works to be discussed include William Temple’s Miscellanea essays (1690), Addison and Steele’s Spectator papers (1711–12), Daniel Defoe’s The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (1719), Oliver Goldsmith’s The Citizen of the World (serialised in The Public Ledger, 1760–61), and Thomas Percy’s Hau Kiou Choaan (1761). I will also discuss the critical work of Robert Markley, David Porter, Chi-ming Yang, and Eugenia Zuroski.

Biography Dr Eun Kyung Min is Professor of English at Seoul National University where she has taught since 1998. A specialist in eighteenth-century British literature, she received her PhD in Comparative Literature from Princeton University. Her research interests include Enlightenment ethics and aesthetics, the history of literary canon formation, and early modern cultural history; she is also interested in Asian literature in English, Asian American Literature, and Asian cultural production in general. Her book China and the Writing of English Literary Modernity, 1690–1770 is forthcoming from Cambridge University Press (April 2018). Dr Min has published articles on eighteenth-century British literature in such journals as The Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation, EighteenthCentury Studies, Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, Essays and Studies, and ELH (English Literary History). Her work on Adam Smith appears in The Adam Smith Review as well as a book collection entitled The Question of the Gift: Essays across Disciplines (Routledge 2002). She has also published essays on Korean and Korean American literature in the journal Social Text and two book collections, Other Sisterhoods: Literary Theory and U.S. Women of Color (University of Illinois Press 1998) and The Politics of English (John Benjamins 2013). 36 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

Keynote Presentation: Li Ou Friday, March 30 | 14:30-15:15 | Museum Auditorium (1F)

British Romanticism in China: Received, Revised, and Resurrected The reception history of British Romanticism in twentieth-century China unfolds a drama of vicissitude, corresponding to the tumultuous course of the Chinese national history and violently shifting literary politics. While all foreign literature, texts or trends, are reconfigured by its interaction with the national tradition, the afterlife of British Romanticism in China is distinguished by the radically divided and polarised responses it had received in the past century. This paper considers British Romanticism from several of its key aspects, namely, radicalism, self-expressiveness, and naturalism, and examines how each of them had been treated with drastically contradictory stances in China along with the conflicting ideologies taking turns dominating the Chinese centre stage. It also discusses the significance of the intermediary of Japanese, German, and Soviet sources in the Chinese reception of British Romanticism, and being twice removed from the original might have contributed to the predominant emphasis on what is without instead of what is within British Romantic poetry. Despite the consistently instrumentalist approach China had taken to British Romanticism, the paper concludes with the profound, though implicit, legacy British Romanticism had left in China. Almost all the leading modern Chinese poets who had participated in the formation of Chinese new (vernacular) poetry had been inspired in one way or another by their British fellow poets, who thereby inscribed their names on the Chinese poetic tradition. The remarkable tenacity of British Romanticism in surviving the trying circumstances in China derived, after all, from its power of poetry.

Biography Li Ou is Associate Professor at Department of English, the Chinese University of Hong Kong. She is the author of Keats and Negative Capability (London: Continuum, 2009), “Keats, Sextus Empiricus, and Medicine” (Romanticism 22:2 (2016), 167–76), and “Keats’s Afterlife in Twentieth-Century China” (English Romanticism in East Asia: A Romantic Circles PRAXIS Volume, Ed., Suh-Reen Han). Her research interests include Romantic poetry and cultural/literary relations between China and Britain.

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Featured Presentation: Georges Depeyrot Friday, March 30 | 16:20-16:40 | Museum Auditorium (1F)

From DAMIN to the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative In 2011, the DAMIN program was launched with the aim of trying to understand the processes behind monetary and economic unifications during the 19th century. This program was a wide continuation of many previous cooperative bior trilateral programs focused on the relation within the Roman Empire and involving several countries in Europe and in Western Asia. All this previous research insisted on the fact that monetary unification, whatever the currency used, was always accompanied by economic unification. The purpose of the DAMIN program was to link a large group of academics all around the world and to try to analyse and understand the evolution of the monetary system in the 19th century. At the beginning of the century, each country had its own monetary system and its own currency. But the general tendency was to unify the currency to facilitate the economic development and to facilitate trade, one of the necessities of the industrial revolution. Step by step, the main countries tried to develop multilateral treaties to facilitate means of payment, the most important of which was the Latin Monetary Union of December 1865 that made all the gold and silver coins issued by the signatory countries legal tender. The subsequent discovery of the silver mines in the USA disturbed the LMU treaty and the countries were obliged to end the bimetallic system and to shift to the monometallic gold standard. The DAMIN program analysed these phenomena, and to date has seen more than 50 volumes published, hours of video footage, and conferences held all over the world. DAMIN has proved the necessity of large cooperative programs to link academics, as the only way to create the synergies necessary to analyse international economic trends and economic relations. The DAMIN team is now to be included in the wider IAFOR Silk Road Initiative. The two programs are already very similar in that they both wish to understand the development of long distance trade and its consequences on all the aspects of human life. Trade is not only trade of artefacts but with the merchants, came languages, religions, arts, philosophies, and technology, and following trade came armies and invaders. With the Mongols going West, the Italians going East, and myriad other movements between, the Silk Road Initiative offers a fantastic field of analysis and reflection on the development of human societies, and the impact of contacts between populations, civilisations and cultures. This presentation will offer an overview of the DAMIN project so far, and going forward as part of the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative.

Biography Professor Georges Depeyrot is a monetary historian at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) in Paris. He began his scientific career in the 1970s studying coin finds and joined the CNRS in 1982. After some years he joined the Center for Historical Research in the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (EHESS) and is now a professor at the École Normale Supérieure. After his habilitation (1992), he specialised in international cooperative programs that aim to reconsider monetary history in a global approach. He has directed many cooperative programs linking several European countries, including those situated at the continent’s outer borders (Georgia, Armenia, Russia, and Morocco). Professor Depeyrot is the author or co-author of more than one hundred volumes, and is the founding director of the Moneta publishing house, the most important collection of books on the topic of money. Professor Depeyrot is a member of the board of trustees of the Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, and the Director of the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative.

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Keynote Presentation: Yutaka Mino Friday, March 30 | 16:45-17:30 | Museum Auditorium (1F)

The Ceramic Road Through ceramics a strong bond developed linking East and West in the Middle Ages, that was also a bridge to promote cultures between East and West. This presentation will discuss and investigate this “Ceramic Road” by using examples of Chinese and Japanese ceramics now in Asia, the Near East, Europe and the United States. The presentation will focus in particular on Fustat, the old Islamic city whose ruins now lie in the southern outskirts of Cairo, Egypt, and where an enormous number of fragments of Chinese ceramics were excavated. Dated from between the 10th to 18th centuries, it is fascinating to trace the many places through which the various vases and plates had passed, and to think about the thousands of miles they had traveled.

Biography Dr Yutaka Mino was born in Kanazawa, Japan, in 1941, and received his PhD in Art History at Harvard University in 1977. He was appointed as the associate curator in charge of Asiatic Department at Montreal Museum of Fine Arts in 1976, the curator of the Oriental Art Department at the Indianapolis Museum of Art in 1977, and the curator of the Asian Department at the Art Institute of Chicago in 1985. After Returning to Japan, he was appointed as the director of Osaka Municipal Museum of Art in 1996, and as the founding director of the 21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art, Kanazawa in 2004. In 2007, he assumed the Vice Chairman, Sotheby’s North America, the Chief Executive Director, the 21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art, Kanazawa and the Honorary Director, Osaka Municipal Museum of Art. In April 2010, he was appointed as the director of Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art, in 2012, the director of Yokoo Tadanori Museum of Contemporary Art, in 2013, the Honorary Director, Abeno Harukas Museum of Art. Yutaka Mino has organized many exhibitions, and also published individual books and catalogs such as Freedom of Clay and Brush Through Seven Centuries in Northern China: Tz’u-chou Type Wares, 960–1600 A.D. in 1980 and Hakuji (White Ware), vol. 5 in the Chugoku Togi (Chinese Ceramics) series in 1998.

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ShodĹ? Workshop (Japanese Calligraphy) Saturday, March 31 | 12:45-13:30 | Room 504 (5F) A continuing feature of IAFOR’s Kobe-based conferences is the showcasing of the arts and culture of Japan. As part of a workshop provided by the Japanese calligraphy group Wa, conference attendees have the opportunity to gain knowledge and practical experience of the Japanese art of calligraphy through an informative demonstration. After the demonstration, delegates will have the opportunity to try their hand at calligraphy, and write their own names in Japanese. 40 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

Saturday March 31 08:30-09:00

Coffee, Tea and Pastries | Room 504 (5F)

09:00-11:00

Parallel Session I

11:00-11:15

Coffee Break | Room 504 (5F)

11:15-12:45

Parallel Session II

11:15-12:45

IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Session I | Room 501 (5F)

12:45-13:45

Lunch Break | Mame no Hatake

12:45-13:30

Japanese Calligraphy (ShodĹ?) Workshop | Room 504 (5F)

13:45-15:45

Parallel Session III

13:45-15:45

IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Session II | Room 501 (5F)

15:30-16:30

IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Session III | Room 501 (5F)

15:45-16:00

Coffee Break | Room 504 (5F)

16:00-17:00

Workshop Session | Room 506 (5F)

16:00-17:45

Featured Symposium Presentation | Room 504 (5F) Geopolitics of Literature in Cold War Asia

17:45-19:00

Conference Welcome Reception | Grand Salon (3F)

18:00-18:30

Ikebana Workshop | Grand Salon (3F)

19:30-21:00

Official Conference Dinner (optional extra)

#IAFOR | ACAH2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 41

Saturday Session I 09:30-11:00 | Room 501 (5F) Arts Theory and Criticism Session Chair: Shoso Shimbo 40506

09:30-10:00 | Room 501 (5F)

Art History Redefined: Japanese Art as the New Center? An Analysis of Yamaguchi Akira's Strange Japanese Art History Gwyn Helverson, Osaka University, Japan

According to artist Yamaguchi Akira, a central aspect of Japan’s identity is its art canon. In his award-winning treatise on the history of Japanese art entitled Hen na Nihon Bijutsu Shi (Strange Japanese Art History), Yamaguchi seeks to re-evaluate Japan’s art in relation to the Western-centric art canon by which it had been “buried alive.” This presentation continues interdisciplinary research on visual arts, arts theory, and sociolinguistics by focusing upon chapter five, Yagatekanashiki Meiji gadan: bijutsushi kusokurare (loosely translated here as Sad Meiji Era Artistic Circles: Damn you, Art History). In this chapter, Yamaguchi argues that the artists Kawanabe Kyosai and Tsukioka Yoshitoshi proved their mastery of Western art concepts such as perspective and realism by not utilizing such concepts. However, Yamaguchi’s atypical usage and creation of gairaigo (loan words, in this case, from English) in his writing present conflicting realities about dealing with cultural colonization. In addition, the artist’s visual imagery, particularly his recent abstract compositions, could be seen as indicating an assimilation into the Westernized globalization he disdains. While Yamaguchi has noted that globalization may soon render nation-state identifications obsolete, in his book he nonetheless seeks to redefine the center of the art historical world as Japanese. This presentation argues that neo-nationalistic, revisionist aspects of Yamaguchi’s written work might be an attempt to bring Japan’s art in from the periphery, but, in fact, they also serve to illuminate the still-dominant center that is the Western art hegemony. 39650

10:00-10:30 | Room 501 (5F)

Authentication, Attribution and the Art Market: Understanding Issues of Attribution in Contemporary Indonesia Eliza O'Donnell, University of Melbourne, Australia Nicole Tse, University of Melbourne, Australia Robyn Sloggett, University of Melbourne, Australia

The widespread circulation of problematic paintings within the Indonesian art market is an increasingly prevalent issue that betrays trust, damages reputations and distorts collective cultural narratives, posing a threat to the long-term sustainability and credibility of the artists, their work and the international art market. Under the current Indonesian copyright laws, replicating a painting is not considered a crime of art forgery, rather a crime of autograph forgery, a loophole that has allowed the practice of forgery to thrive in the region with minimal legal repercussions. Despite widespread claims of paintings lacking a secure provenance appearing in cultural collections over recent years, there has been little scholarly research to map the scope of counterfeit painting circulation within the market, or an appropriate framework in place to examine paintings of questionable authenticity. Building on this research gap and the themes of the conference, this presentation will provide a current understanding of art fraud in Indonesia based on research undertaken for my doctoral thesis Authentication, Attribution and the Art Market in Indonesia. This research is interdisciplinary in its scope and is grounded in the art historical, socio-political and socio-economic context of cultural and artistic production in Indonesia, from the early twentieth century to the contemporary art world of today. By locating the study within a regionally relevant framework, this presentation aims to demonstrate how a conservation methodology for the authentication of paintings lacking a secure provenance will assist auction houses, collectors and institutions in the attribution process and work towards minimising counterfeit painting circulation within cultural collections in Indonesia and abroad. 39859

10:30-11:00 | Room 501 (5F)

Japanese Aesthetics and Environmental Art Shoso Shimbo, RMIT University, Australia

This practice-based research looks into how environmental art can be effective in communicating environmental and cultural issues in the context of contemporary public art in Australia. Through examining artworks produced for public sculpture exhibitions and art festival commissions, this paper has a focus on the development of an environmental aesthetic, with particular reference to premodern Japanese aesthetics. Since its initial formation in the 1960s, environmental art has been evaluated mainly for its extrinsic values. While the prevailing instrumentalism has been not only valuable but inevitable in response to the urgency of climate change and environmental degradation, this approach could limit the potential of environmental art. This research aims to explore a number of intrinsic values such as the affective poetics of environmental art beyond its actual ecological benefits or its contribution to environmental activism, in combination with public accessibility. This paper will also consider the possibility of slow cultural changes, in particular changes in attitude to nature through environmental art. The colonisation of nature, where nature is defined as matter to be exploited, is thought to have emerged from the Enlightenment principles of Cartesian dualism between human and nonhuman worlds. On the other hand, many indigenous cosmologies offer ecological wisdom which allows people to live in environmentally sensitive ways. Similarly, environmental aesthetics and cosmology in Japanese traditional art forms such as Ikebana may offer alternative perspectives in considering strategies for sustainability.

42 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

Saturday Session I 09:00-11:00 | Room 503 (5F) Perspectives on Hong Kong Session Chair: James Walter Ellis 39829

09:00-09:30 | Room 503 (5F)

Normalising Cultural Elements: Translating Commercial Texts of Chinese New Year Events Hon-Por Stanley Leung, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Cultural elements are always the focus of translation regardless of the texts. In early translation studies, attention was on the source text and the originator (Dolet, 1540/1997; Tytler 1791/1997). Even after the translation shift moved towards the target text and the reader, still cultural elements have always been an essential part (Nord, 2001; Newmark, 1988; Jin & Nida, 2006). Amongst existing theories, functional and text-type theories have been particularly popular in translation in the modern context (Vermeer, 1983; Reiss, 2004), such approach largely lays the translation focus on the reader, purpose and function. Despite the fact that commercial texts call upon the reader, functional theories will not advise ignoring cultural elements in the process of translation. However, it seems to be a norm for the Ocean Park, a major theme park in Hong Kong, to normalise cultural elements in its promotional texts. This paper will examine content of newsletter issued by the Ocean Park during the Chinese New Year, on the basis of functional translation theory how Chinese New Year elements were normalised in the English version will be discussed. The correlations between the source text (Chinese), the target text reader (non-Chinese locals and tourists who can read English) and the communicative purpose will be explored. 40413

09:30-10:00 | Room 503 (5F)

The Notion of Home as Re-Centering Tactic: Auto-Ethnographic Artworks of Law Yuk Mui and Tang Kwok Hin in Hong Kong Hoi Shan Anson Mak, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong

This article examines Law Yuk Mui and Tang Kwok Hin’s (the two important emerging artists in Hong Kong) practice-led research artworks regarding identity at issue through re-centering tactics geographically, historically and psychologically. The artworks do not only express personal emotions and reveal the vanishing community histories but also build new trajectories to connect others of different generations in Hong Kong. The analogy of shifting attention from the idea of “ONE country” to multiple selves and homes, geographically away from the Centre is the tactic of de-colonization in Law and Tang’s works. Law’s Solo exhibition in 2017, titled Victoria East shows a series of experimental ethnographic artworks from the search for the original coast line of Tseung Kwan O, at the east of Victory Harbour (centre of colonialized habitant and the financial centre at present in Hong Kong representing mainstream mentality of neo-liberalism). The exploration of the place via migration, community building invokes debates on Hong Kong identity and the need for Hong Kong’s own community history. Tang’s works focus on his identity as indigenous inhabitants of Yuen Long, north west of Hong Kong. His works mix moving image, performance, and collection of found objects to question the notion of home and community, express his strong emotions and struggles to history through the studies and representation of the everyday-life-ness of his family, death of his grandfather and collective village events of the indigenous cultural tradition. 39589

10:00-10:30 | Room 503 (5F)

Community Murals Serve As a Meeting Zone of Art Tourism in Hong Kong Kong Ho, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

As a teaching muralist for almost two decades, Prof. Kong Ho explores his community mural experience in Hong Kong in the perspective of art tourism and cultural reinvention. Ho intents to apply his recent conducted mural tour experience for the Whittier College in Hong Kong as a case study to offer a first-hand understanding of the impact of community murals in art tourism and cultural development in Hong Kong. The concept of community murals was a relatively new art form in Hong Kong during the late 90’s while Ho just founded the Hong Kong Mural Society in June 1997. Only a few community murals created in Hong Kong during that time. The public estate and school mural projects launched by HKMS from 1997 to 2001 exemplify community-based art practices in Hong Kong. The one-and-a-half day mural tour for Whittier College set an example of the value of art and culture, which serves as a meeting zone of art tourism in Hong Kong. The mural tour has visited 7 estate and school murals, completed from 1998 to 2007, in Hong Kong. This paper explores how these almost 20 year-old community murals reinvent their art and cultural values in term of current innovative art tourism in Hong Kong. Ho's insights into community art and the meaning of cultural and creative industry are unique because he presents them as academic research through his practical experience. The aim of this research is meant to highlight the value of community murals in the Asian society. 38368

10:30-11:00 | Room 503 (5F)

"You Can Live Like a King ...": A Postcolonial Tour of Colonial Hong Kong James Walter Ellis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Academy of Visual Arts, Hong Kong

For a long time Westerners were attracted to the Far East by a romantic vision of the Orient. This essay explores how written tourism texts, travel advertisements, and related ephemera, blended fantasy and reality to lure Western visitors to the remote, “exotic” British colony of Hong Kong. Hong Kong was a divided city, with a small British contingent overseeing a large Chinese society. Westerner writers, advertising illustrators, and the tourism industry generally, reflected colonialist perspectives and exploited a largely contrived East-West dichotomy between Hong Kong’s Chinese and British residents, reinforcing an Orientalist view of exoticism and colonial superiority. The essay treats tourism images as cultural relics and social statements, which transmitted disturbing messages about relationships of social power, through a compositional device called visual positional superiority. The essay takes the reader on a hypothetical Grand Tour of colonial Hong Kong, visiting racially segregated Western enclaves, the private world of international hotel “microcultures”, and “contact zones”, where people met in “asymmetrical relations of domination and subordination”. The essay concludes with musings on Hong Kong’s recent effort to change its global identity to “Asia’s World City”, after the British transfer of sovereignty to the People’s Republic of China in 1997. Even in the postcolonial era, efforts to encapsulate Hong Kong’s essence rely on troubling symbols carried over from the colonial past.

#IAFOR | ACAH2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 43

Saturday Session I 09:00-11:00 | Room 505 (5F) Culture & Identity Session Chair: Jason Eng Hun Lee 41057

09:00-09:30 | Room 505 (5F)

The Study of Indonesian Maritime History: Problems and Challenges in Theory and Methodology Perspective Maisarah, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

The writing of maritime history in Indonesia has become an interesting study for scholars. Maritime history can not be separated from the history of Indonesia, because the Indonesian territory developed from the maritime sectors. This paper examines the development of maritime historiography in Indonesia in the theory and methodology perspectives which are then linked up with issues that evolve in methodological aspects. Based on the results of literature studies show that the maritime historiography today in Indonesia is still far behind with other historical writings which are various in methodologies. There are several facts that are found, firstly, the lack of local historians who wrote maritime history after the great work of maritime historian Indonesia, A. B. Lapian in 1987. Secondly, the limited local sources and dominant colonial sources also influenced the interpretation results in the maritime history which tended to be colonial-centric so that override local sources. Lastly, that so far, the study of sociocultural contemporary aspects especially cultural (anthropology) approach in Indonesian maritime historiography is also rarely done, so that social aspects in maritime world tends to be opaque and more dominated by economic aspects, trades, politics, and so on. These problems are certainly a challenge for scholars to provide the development of maritime history in Indonesia, especially reconstructing historical facts, re-analyzing historical sources, and enriching the Indonesian maritime historiography among the other historical writings. 40146

09:30-10:00 | Room 505 (5F)

Beauty by Political Mandate: The Singapore Model of a "City in a Garden" Constance Kirker, Pennsylvania State University, USA

From “Clean and Green” in the 1970’s–1980’s, through “Singapore, a Garden City” in the 1990’s to the present campaigns into 2000’s, “Singapore, a City in a Garden” – Singaporean official tourism materials heavily promote the “beauty” of this city state, where gardening has become a national policy. Can a government ultimately require or legislate beauty? This illustrated presentation is an outgrowth of a pedagogical paper considering comparative aesthetics, in which the concept of “garden” as an art form was investigated as in indicator of specific qualities that help define a particular cultural (or national?) aesthetic and the activity of exploring that garden, a method of teaching and learning. Viewed as the ultimate aesthetic form of “environmental manipulation”, a garden might be defined as a threedimensional metaphor for the “world view” of a culture, representing a symbolic “perfect universe.” Basic principles of Asian culture are clearly evidenced in the art and function of the Asian garden, just a French garden is “French” or an English garden “English”. There is a long, documented history of garden design as a form of personal artistic expression held in high esteem in Asia, particularly in China and Japan. How does this idea of personal expression, in the form of individual garden design, fare in the tightly controlled and regulated environment of the multi-racial city-state of Singapore? Are there best practices that may be shared? 39580

10:00-10:30 | Room 505 (5F)

"Landings at Madras": Contemporary Re-Centring of Nineteenth-Century Colonial Visual Culture of India Divya Athmanathan, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India

My paper studies two lesser-known colonial illustrations of Madras, a South Indian coastal town colonized by the British East India Company in the nineteenth century, to explore the construction of identities and relationships of power within the visual “framing” of an Indian space from the perspective of contemporary theories of the urban and the visual. J. B. East’s drawing of “Madras. Landing” that was reproduced as a print by Charles Hunt and published by Ackermann in 1856 captures the minutiae of the landing of foreigners on the beach in Madras. Such an instance of the arrival of the British is also depicted grandly in an oil painting by William Daniell titled Landing on the Beach at Madras (1830s) inspired by William Daniell’s own landing at Madras with his uncle Thomas Daniell, both of whom were painter-travelers. These two images of landing at Madras, while they are informed and inflected by their historical contexts, are scenes from colonial and urban regions formed on the basis of “the dynamics of agglomeration/polarization, and the unfolding of an associated nexus of locations, land uses and human interactions” (J. Scott and Storper, 2015, p.1) . Using contemporary visual methodologies, Bernard Cohn’s ideas on colonial mapping, and twenty-first theories of the urban, I illuminate the discourses woven by these images of Madras in orchestrating narratives of domestication of the local as well as resistances to hegemonic dominance of the foreign city. 40686

10:30-11:00 | Room 505 (5F)

"The East is a Career": Writing the Neoliberal Asian Mega-City in 21st Century Global Anglophone Literature Jason Eng Hun Lee, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong

Asia and the Orient has long been a stomping ground for colonials and novelists in the Western imaginary, but recent 21st century Anglophone novelists have begun to portray the continent as a land of opportunity for other Asians. The phrase “The East is a Career”, uttered by Benjamin Disraeli as a call for young Englishmen to migrate East, can be aptly subverted for these neoliberal times, following the unprecedented migration of people and capital to these new Asian urban centers, which have begun to supersede their previously situated nation-bound imaginaries. While the Asian mega-city in Anglophone fiction has often been viewed as a site for futuristic projections, or as a backdrop for continuing East-West exchanges, I argue that recent literature has sought to recreate a more decentered narrative universe of global cultural and economic flows, albeit one that simultaneously marks the centrality and rise of the Asian mega-city. Drawing my examples from Aravind Adiga’s Last Man in Tower (2011), Tash Aw’s Five Star Billionaire (2013), and Rana Dasgupta’s Capital (2014), I consider how cities like Mumbai, Shanghai and Delhi are brought into the literary imagination by these emerging transnational Asian writers, and how they signal a distinct shift towards Asia as a repository for these transnational encounters.

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Saturday Session I 09:30-11:00 | Room 506 (5F) Ethnicity, Difference, Identity Session Chair: Hope Sabanpan-Yu 39000

09:30-10:00 | Room 506 (5F)

The Microcosm Within the Macrocosm: How the Literature of a Small Diaspora Fits Within a Global Literary Context Laima Vince Sruoginis, Vilnius University, Lithuania

The twentieth century was a century of global powers: the Soviet Union, the United States. Now China is on the rise. Where do these superpowers and major language groups leave small countries and their identities? Whether we are ready for it or not, humanity is shifting away from tribal identities towards a global identity that is yet to be defined. This process began with massive shifts of refugees during World War II and continues today with refugees internationally displaced by economic deprivation, environmental disasters, and war. As population shifts continue, humanity has no other option but to adapt. These processes are reflected in contemporary global literature. A life straddling two or more cultures and languages becomes second nature to those born into an ethnic diaspora. The children and grandchildren of refugees learn from a young age to hold two or three cultural perspectives and languages in balance. Writers who emerge from these diasporas have a unique perspective. Since the postwar era Lithuanian diasporas have existed in North America, South America, Australia, Europe, and now Asia. In American literature several generations of descendants of Lithuanian war refugees have emerged who write in English about their nation's experience. Most notable is Ruta Sepetys, whose novel, Between Shades of Gray, has been published in 41 countries and translated into 23 languages, including Japanese and Chinese. This paper will examine how the literature of one nation's diaspora fits within the context of global literature. How is the microcosm in the macrocosm? 40519

10:00-10:30 | Room 506 (5F)

The Recentering of the Geo-Political Misplaced Asian Identity in a Post-Colonial South Africa Through the Discourse of Inherited Photographs Pre-1994 Shameelah Khan, AFDA University, South Africa

On one hand, the paper is an analysis of the Asian communities that had settled in South Africa from the Colonial period into the Apartheid regime. On another, it is a personal exploration of the current Asian South African identity. As a product of an Asian ancestry line, I will include in the paper the narrative of my great grandparents and grandparents through memory forms and in particular – the visual narrative preserved through the historical Asian Other, mostly in the form of inherited photographs.The paper comments on the reconstruction of the Asian Identity which seems to be eroding with the new generational shift and decolonised space that the country finds itself in. I propose that the recentering of the post-apartheid inherited identity is one that rests in memory – largely through photographs, storytelling and various artistic forms. The sole focus of this paper is that of memory and identity preservation through collected photographs pre-1994 of the last authentic groups of Asian communities (my grandparents and those in the generation who had been born and lived through apartheid and racial segregation). It unpacks what the future of the recentred Asian identity will be in terms of the generation that has now been plagued by technological shifts and globalisation. It begs the following questions: is there an artistic space for the NEW Asian community in South Africa, myself included, which offers a method of identity shift and historical reclamation? What does it really mean to be an Asian Other in one’s own country, post-Apartheid? 40677

10:30-11:00 | Room 506 (5F)

Diasporic Identities: Contesting the Hegemonic in the Filipino Migrant Narratives of America Hope Sabanpan-Yu, University of San Carlos, The Philippines

This paper posits that migrant cultures are part of a continuous process that disrupt nationalist formation. Drawing from the narratives of Filipino-American writers such as Jessica Hagedorn, Han Ong and Mia Alvar, I argue that their writings can provide a deeper understanding of how categories of identity are managed in order to expose the continuous history of imperial dominance. These narratives offer an image of belonging that is neither static nor essential but always in flux. The narratives, in effect, become contact zones that establish hybrid spaces allowing some categories to be assimilated while leaving others unassimilable.

#IAFOR | ACAH2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 45

Saturday Session I

09:00-11:00 | Prokofiev Hall (2F) Language, Linguistics Session Chair: Wahyu Ayuningsih 40572

09:00-09:30 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

Spelling Variations of Standard Arabic Loanwords in Indonesian and Malay Ahmad Suyuti, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

Arabic is one of the most influential languages on the development of Indonesian and Malay. However, the Arabic language has linguistic characteristics which are much different from the Indonesian and Malay which require many adjustments. Pronunciation adjustments follow the rules of articulation, while the written forms require orthography adjustments in this case with regard to the language policy. This research focuses on spelling forms of standard Arabic loanwords in Indonesian and Malay associated with spelling system and articulation adjustments. The data are standard loanword entries in official dictionaries of Indonesian and Malay, KBBI V and KDBM IV with Ar or Isl labels which indicate Arabic loanwords. There are some loanwords which are not in accordance with the orthography guide adjustments so that spelling variations of standard Arabic loanwords appear. Some variations are connected to orthography guide adjustments including the development of the guides and the others are connected to the way of articulation. 40563

09:30-10:00 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

Gender-Biased Words Marked by Indonesian Suffixes Wan, Wati, and Man: A Socio-Morphological Study Rinta Alvionita, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

Bahasa Indonesia is not divided into sexist language, such as English, German, French, or Arabic. Some words, however, are viewed in non-neutral usage related to gender perspectives. It motivates the writer to conduct a study concerning gender-biased words found in Bahasa Indonesia. The current study aims to describe the forms of gender-biased words found in Bahasa Indonesia and the social aspects underlying such bias in society. It was analyzed using descriptive-qualitative method in triangulation among data, method, and technique. The data were obtained from Indonesian words containing suffixes –wan, –wati, and –man by using observational method from Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (Fifth Edition, 2016) and categorizing the words based on the three suffixes. Name and Process Model was used to analyze the data in words of morphological approach and elaborate them to get the social aspects in words of Sociolinguistics approach. The result confirmed that there are gender-biased words found in Bahasa Indonesia which can be classified into two categories: masculine and feminine words as shown by the three suffixes. The masculine words are commonly used by both women and men (neutral), while feminine words are only used by women (exclusive). It shows the tendency which places masculine words in superior position, while feminine words are placed in inferior position. Therefore, patriarchal cultures existing in Indonesian society from New Order to Reformation has generated the primary power of male in roles of Indonesian language structure. 40061

10:00-10:30 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

Infix -Um- of Ciacia Language

Nur Fajrhi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Ciacia language is a language spoken by about 79.000 speakers in some small islands in southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia. This language belongs to West Malayo Polynesian (WMP) of Austronesian in sub group of Muna Buton. As the part of Austronesian languages, this language has to reflex the features of the family. One of them in is the presence of infix –um- in the language. This article aims to describe how the infix –um- of Austronesian languages is reflected in Ciacia language and how it is compared to the infix –um¬- from the language family. The data was collected from some previous works of Ciacia language, especially the data of verbs from 200 basic vocabulary of Swadesh and other verb list from the work of Konisi & Hidayat (2001). The data later analyzed using introspection technique by entering the infix to the verb as the researcher is the speaker of the language and triangulation technique by asking other speakers and comparing to previous research. From data analysis, the research found that in Ciacia language infix –um- is realized into four allomorph, namely {–um-}.{ m-}, {m} (nasal substitution), dan {∅}. Those allomorphs are also found in other language in sub group like in Muna language and Wakatobi language even though in different numbers. Moreover, in the family of Austronesia, Ciacia language is more reflecting itself as the part of WMP group by showing the inchoative verb form rather than Philippines-types group that marks actor voice of the infix. 40528

10:30-11:00 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

The Language Variation of Pendalungan Jember Wahyu Ayuningsih, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

This research examines the language variation of Pendalungan Jember through describing the structure of language and regional accent which show characteristics of Pendalungan people. Data obtained from public places and social media (instagram) to be observated, interpreted, and classified according to the language variations. According to the data, Pendalungan language variations contain: a) lexical variations; b) systemic morphological interferences; c) code-mixing; and d) Madurese identical accent. A regional accent of Pendalungan is Madurese, but it uses Javanese words/language dominantly. It can be identified from intonations and lexicon uses. These findings show popular words which are used in daily conversation of Pendalungan people. It is because the data obtained from instagram which use natural utterance like everyday conversation. The regional accent of Pendalungan is necessary to be examined in depth, so that the next researchers can develop this research with a dialectology approach.

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Saturday Session I

09:00-11:00 | Schumann Hall (2F) Globalisation Session Chair: Min-Chia Young 40663

09:00-09:30 | Schumann Hall (2F)

The Role of Empowerment Through Arts in Security and Conflict Enabling Expression and Transformation Elida Maria Matsumoto, NPO Flaming Elephant, Japan

This presentation reports a master dissertation in Conflict and Security realized in Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre in Ghana/Africa, by a Japanese resident. It intended to emphasize the role of empowerment through arts enabling expression and transformation. Empowerment can be understood as a construct that links individual’s strength and competencies which also relate to the importance of images that generate new integrative behavioural patterns. The produced data, intended to challenge the full process of seeing affected by inner contents and transferred to many other contexts in metaphoric relations from imagined and memorized issues. The intention, as a catalyst for visual power, enhanced self-awareness in visualization enabling individuals’ possibilities to change patterns of self that influenced the harmony with others and community. Visualized contents carry subjective issues that may cause internal or external conflicts interfering with the individual living and consequently becomes subject to security. Different cultures and different beliefs need different approaches. There are significant differences between Westerners and Easterners in their way of living and thinking (Kim & Markus, 2002; Markus, Kitayama, & Heiman, 1996) having Self-expression different implications in both contexts. However, whatever the origin of information, unmediated/natural, or mediated/cultural, the visual processes for conducting the input of light are similar (Jamieson, 2007). Re-thinking educational models about the importance of visual literacy, visual language, and visual perception might increase the levels of experiences and it can help people to ground and protect themselves from visual vulnerabilities (Sousanis, 2015). 40613

09:30-10:00 | Schumann Hall (2F)

Indonesia-Japan Engagement: Revealing 60 Years of Political-Economic Ties Eko Saputro, Fiscal Policy Agency, Indonesia

This paper examines the Indonesia-Japan bilateral relations that have been constantly strong for the the past 60 years, especially on economic aspect. The paper derives largely from the discussions, debates and empirical findings on how both countries exercise their interests and policies to deal with such bilateral cooperation that mutually beneficial for both. It is found that Indonesia-Japan strong ties have been shaped by varying factors: bilateral interdependence, democratization and perception. In this regard, the trauma of political dispute during World War II has forced them to restrain from political issues. Indonesia has eased its perspective and position toward Japan. This political option is believed due to Japanese willingness to assist Indonesian development, and the absence of controversial issues such as borderline, human right, or property right dispute, that can trigger both countries to enhance diplomatic tension. Considering its national interests, Indonesia tends to behave pragmatically in terms of economic relations. While maintaining economic relations with many counterparts, Indonesian has made a “limited alliance” with Japan, meaning that it puts Japan at the top of priority for economic collaboration. 40373

10:00-10:30 | Schumann Hall (2F)

Up the River, Down the Road: Mobility, Logging and Cultural Change in Central Sarawak, Borneo Raine Melissa Riman, Swinburne University of Technology, Malaysia Bertha Chin, Swinburne University of Technology, Malaysia Sandra Gifford, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia Ngui Kwang Sing, Swinburne University of Technology, Malaysia

Roads are singularly one of the most vital infrastructure a community can have. In this Swinburne Social-Innovation Project, we explore this enthusiasm for roads by addressing them in terms of the capacity of the physical-socio (auto)mobility, rural development and telecommunication access focusing on remote indigenous communities in Central Sarawak. In the absence of rural public transport infrastructure and patchy telecommunication services, the team is looking into how remote community members coordinate the sharing of private transportation for their socioeconomic purposes and their reliance on the access that is provided by timber concessionaires for the past 22 years. Before the logging road, it would take days or even up to a month for the communities in a remote area to get to the nearest town by longboat. As not everyone can afford to own a pickup truck, the communities have developed their own transport sharing system. This “informal” sharing system plays an important role in reducing the gap of urban-rural interactions among these communities; the linkages across space reflected in the flows of people, goods, services, finance and information between bigger cities in Sarawak and the remote populations. This form of informal sharing system is not only unique to any communities in Sarawak, but is also predominantly available in other urban and remote populations of both developed and developing nations. 38946

10:30-11:00 | Schumann Hall (2F)

A Bridge Over Troubled Water: The Irrigation Canal Bridge of Meinong, Taiwan Min-Chia Young, Shu-Te University, Taiwan

A bridge, by definition, is a conduit from one side to the other. The sides could be a place, a time or a space having physical and/or temporal components to embark on a metaphorical journey telling stories about a nation, a people or a city. This article examines the changing roles of a Japanese built aqueduct over a river, which is vulnerable to floods in Meinong, Taiwan, from an irrigation structure to a nostalgic attachment. It focuses on the process of change and transformation whereby the bridge was first used as an irrigation ditch, then became a children’s playground, and then transformed to a space shuttle carrying the players from one side to the other, from agony to ecstasy, and from reality to the imagined. Through historical and political enquiry, the article aims to demonstrate that the euphoric assertion of the Meinong bridge was a process flourished within popular culture and human imagination, a process that has gone through for over a century.

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Saturday Session I

09:00-11:00 | Chopin Hall (2F) Interdisciplinary Topics in the Humanities Session Chair: Shu-Yin Yu 40344

09:00-09:30 | Chopin Hall (2F)

Understanding Filipino Migrant Communities in Cyberspace: A Proposed Framework Reggy Figer, Hokkaido University, Japan

Understanding the Filipino migration gives us the idea that leaving is part of our realities. We move from one place to another, from city to city, and from country to country to find greener pastures. We are a people who love our families very much that despite being away from loved ones we would persevere and endure just to give our families back home the economic gain and stability that they need. In the course of incorporation to the host society, Filipinos encounter internal and external conflicts. We find ways in order to combat these conflicts. And one way of doing so is our active engagement to online communities. These online communities have become the imaginary homeland of Filipinos abroad. In this paper, I will focus on the interface of these online communities and social capital, and how this phenomenon becomes one critical factors in Filipinos survival in the host society. I propose a framework in order to make sense the connections of migration, the Internet, and social capital. It is hoped that through this framework, a better understanding of the intersection of these concepts could be learnt and determined. 39839

09:30-10:00 | Chopin Hall (2F)

Domain Change: Gaming Addiction Amongst Humanities Undergraduates in Asian Universities Lauren Clark, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Khukrit Osathanunkul, Payap University, Thailand

Internet penetration rates have saturated Asia over the past decade. Thai and Chinese rates have risen to 53.2% and 83.5% respectively this year. It is thus unsurprising that internet and gaming addiction studies are mounting in these two both countries. That said there is a dearth of scholarship about the awareness that students in Asia from the field of humanities have about gaming addiction and its influence on their learning in the classroom and academic performance. This paper will examine how undergraduate students in Asia from the humanities compare with those from other disciplines in respect to their attitudes to and awareness of gaming addiction. A sample of between 30 and 50 students from international and private Asian universities will be surveyed using a series of questions related to gaming addiction. Their interactions with leading Internet games such as Overwatch, Dota II and League of Legends will be analysed. A Likert scale will be used alongside open-response questions and a mixed method to interpret these results. It is expected that humanities undergraduates will respond differently due to their distinct skill sets and their awareness about gaming addiction and its influence on their learning will be markedly different to students from other disciplines. This research will re-center the humanities in Asia as a space for generating new ideas about education in response to gaming addiction. 40509

10:00-10:30 | Chopin Hall (2F)

Communication Accommodation of Indonesian Teachers in Using Language as an Intercultural Adaptation in a Korean International School in Jakarta, Indonesia El Chris Natalia, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Indonesia

Intercultural communication can occur in many contexts, one of them is in the educational context. There is a Korean international school in Jakarta, Indonesia. Not only Korean people work in this school, but also Indonesians. This Korean international school employs Indonesian teachers to teach in English. That is why there are three languages in this school: Korean, English and Indonesian. But the official languages are only Korean and English. These language differences might bring barriers in interacting. This research is using a qualitative method with Communication Accommodation Theory. In collecting data, the researcher uses a literature review and indepth interview with three Indonesian teachers. The focus of this research is on the use of language by Indonesian teachers as their strategy to adapt in this school. The results of the research show that the informants more often diverge toward Korean while at school and sometimes they converge to simple Korean words in some special cases. Moreover, based on the data, there is a tendency of the informants to over-accommodate as generally, Koreans like to humiliate Indonesians because Koreans (especially Korean teachers) often speak Korean no matter the situation. 40584

10:30-11:00 | Chopin Hall (2F)

Privacy Concern and Perceived Risk Influence the Trust and Enjoyment on Social Networking Sites for Online Shopping Shu-Yin Yu, Ming Chuan University, Taiwan Tzu-Chin Rejoice Chou, Ming Chuan University, Taiwan Szu-Chi Lin, Ming Chuan University, Taiwan Li-Sin Wang, Ming Chuan University, Taiwan

The development of digital media and technology has become an important influence. Since the global increase in the use and popularity of social networking sites, many researches focus on the user attitude and adoption intention. As users rely more and more on social networks to become part of social life, concerns about the information privacy can create obstacles to the use of social networks. The objective of this study was to examine if privacy abuse concern and perceived risk prevent the trust and enjoyment of social networking sites to make online shopping. The participants are 276 college students aged between 18 to 24 years old form different majors. The PLS-SEM model was used to examine the causal model and IPMA matrix was used to analyze the total effect and performance of facets. The results show that privacy abuse concern affected both perceived risk and enjoyment when using social networking sites to get information or make decision to shopping, but the results does not support privacy abuse concern affected trust. Enjoyment is the key factor that motivation to affect online shopping. Trust is the least important factor in the research model for college students.

48 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

Saturday Session II

11:15-12:45 | Chopin Hall (2F) Sexuality, Gender, Families Session Chair: Shuo Lee 39714

11:15-11:45 | Chopin Hall (2F)

Decentering Bodies and Genders: Posthumanism as an Opportunity Begonya Enguix, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Spain

This proposal aims at analysing how Western – and global – systems of thought tend to understand bodies, affects, genders and sexualities. In broad terms, they are understood as a system (with a close connection among the terms) and in dichotomic and binary ways. Binarism favours hierarchies that rely on (and produce) centers (normative, heterosexual, standard genders and sexualities) and peripheries (non-normative nor hegemonic sex-gender configurations). Among some of the peripheral configurations we can find formulas such as living apart together, polyamorous configurations and emergent genders and sexualities (kink, asexual, pansexual, genderfluid, herbivorous men, etc). As part of a research project based on the possibilities of posthumanism for understanding contemporary genders and postgenders, this proposal wants to explore how we can better understand and unveil the dynamics of power and hierarchies between centers and peripheries if we use posthumanism. We propose to move the questions from what bodies, genders and affects are to the Deleuzian question on what bodies, genders and affects can do. This decentering elludes identity-based analysis (and escapes essentialist and naturalized positions) and can help us understand the possibilities of posthumanism for understanding the dynamic (and changing) hegemonies of bodies, genders and affects. A posthumanist gaze on new configurations of bodies, affects, genders and sexualities (Braidotti, Haraway, Ferrando) can help us analyse these issues from an organic and rhyzomatic view that implies a new perspective on centers and peripheries, and maybe points at the possibility of their disappearance. 40625

11:45-12:15 | Chopin Hall (2F)

The Ethnic Group That Has No Name: Hoklo Chauvinism and Castrated Taiwanese Men Fang-Chih Yang, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan

The year 2017 marked the success of language revival movements in Taiwan, with Hakka and Aborigines languages made into national languages. However, the largest ethnic/linguistic group which has no “name” still lacks access to political representations and is deprived of their rights to self-naming. Being imposed as “Hoklo” or “Minnan” as their reluctant ethnic identity, as opposed to their self-naming as “Taiwanlang” who speak “Taigi” since the 19th century, as a result of KMT’s settler colonial policies and the later commitment to multiculturalism after democratization, this ethnic group faced resentments from other ethnic groups as they struggle to pursue their language rights and self-naming. Such resentments are condensed in the image-concept of Hoklo Chauvinism as it is invoked and reiterated as the self-evident reason to justify ethnic/language inequality in political debates in Taiwan. However, this image is accompanied by another twin image, “castrated Taiwanese men,” in popular culture. Both images work together to create this ethnic group as simultaneously dominant, domineering, uncivil, vulgar, castrated, and dependent. As such, they become the placeholder for misdirected ethnic, gender, and class and national resentments. This paper traces the genealogies of these two images and explores how they support each other to create an ethnic Other. As the term Hoklo chauvinism emerged in the late 1980s, this paper will analyze major newspapers, magazines, and recent social media comments on its changes and proliferation till the present. Moreover, significant Tai-gi speaking actors (such as Chen Song-yong and Chen Bo-Zheng) and leading commercials will be analyzed. 39706

12:15-12:45 | Chopin Hall (2F)

De-Centered Subject? A Critique of Anti-Same-Sex Marriage Discourses in Taiwan Shuo Lee, Open University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan Li-An Kuo, National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan

While the Supreme Court of Taiwan just announced same-sex marriage as legal in May, 2017, gender-equity movements in Taiwan have faced tremendous challenges posed by various anti-gay rights camps. Groups and organizations that do not support same-sex marriage often apply religious codes to establish their discourse. For instance, the repetitive same theme is that same-sex relationship is not approved by God since same-sex couples do not procreate, and thus those who are engaged with same-sex relationships are not beneficial to the society as a whole. However, it should be noticed that, as most Taiwanese people practice Taoism and Buddhism, antigay rights discourses and movements in Taiwan are articulated according to the premises of Western religions, namely Christianity and Catholicism. This paper, situating itself at the juncture where Western religious ideologies and local perceptions meet, aims to make a critique of the idea of the Western Subject that does not only carry philosophical implications of the thinking I, but also constructs a postcolonial and post-imperial power relationship that constantly consolidates the West as rightful and legitimate. Towards the end of this paper, the authors will show how local intellectuals or activists may response to such power relation by applying the idea of the mad/queer subject which has been elaborated in Foucault's early writings.

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Saturday Session II 11:15-12:45 | Room 503 (5F)

Media Arts Practices Session Chair: Tetriana Ahmed Fauzi 40575

11:15-11:45 | Room 503 (5F)

Poetry in Geometry

Aloysius (Louis) Lagana, University of Malta, Malta Today some contemporary artists are trying to bring back the ancient images, because they feel that they were much closer to nature than the art of the industrial age. Certain Neolithic forms have been noticeable for a long time and they had great meaning for the ancient cultures. The centric circle, the spiral, the meander, the zigzag and many other shapes are still meaningful to us. Even if we cannot give the right interpretation of their symbolic significance, these forms have some kind of connection to human identity. Most of these geometric shapes have influenced many modern artists. Louis Casha is a Maltese painter who frequently uses geometric motifs and highly symbolic imagery. During the 1960’s, he was one of the first painters in Malta to make use of Maltese prehistoric imagery in his work. His interest to recreate something that had already been created by the prehistoric artist moves him so deeply whenever he paints. Malta’s prehistory is always in his mind. Casha finds a certain similarity between the prehistoric motifs and geometrical designs created in “Op art”. This concept is expressed in most of his works. 40689

11:45-12:15 | Room 503 (5F)

Recalling Episodic Memory: Images and Emotions of Loss in Hasanul Isyraf Idris's Artwork Tetriana Ahmed Fauzi, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Sarena Abdullah, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia

Hasanul Isyraf Idris is an artist based in Penang, Malaysia who works primarily with drawing and painting medium. Since 2010, after the death of his mother, Hasanul’s artwork mostly dealt with the subject of death, nostalgia, and memories. This paper looks into the artworks from Back From Planet Luvox, 2014 and Higher Order Love: The Fall, 2016 solo exhibitions, which was held at Richard Koh Fine Art Gallery Kuala Lumpur. The selection of artworks is based on investigations of how memory plays a crucial role in shaping and influencing the content and visual of the artworks. Episodic memories such as moments, events, and occurrence in the artist past relating to his mother, family, and childhood determine the artist choice of images, manipulation of subject, arrangement, style, composition, and reference. Recurring subjects in his artwork such as crab, skull, flower, and pattern are elaborated from his memory, becomes metaphor or symbol to his personal experience and emotion. Further investigations also explore how the fabricated memories evolve into intricate details of a new narrative in the artist’s imagination. The artist feels that the creative process of reminiscing the past, imbuing, altering and rearranging images into the visual story or alternative narrative in artwork acts as a catharsis for the loss he felt. 40383

12:15-12:45 | Room 503 (5F)

Visual Analysis of Bra Images in Advertising Hsiu-Ju Yang, Chinese Culture University, Taiwan Ching-Yi Cheng, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan

This study explores the development of the bra’s images in advertising. The bra became a necessity for women from the beginning of the 20th century. Most studies regarding the bra are limited to a description of history or a narrative on style discussion, while some focus on qualities of bra styles, which present a diversity of female images such as domination or meekness. In this study, we discuss the bra’s development by visual analysis. This study covers the period from the 1900s through the 2010s. We use the visual analysis to analyze the changes in the number of qualities on the bra images. Careful observation of qualities distribution statistics can yield valuable insights about women’s bra-wearing behaviors. The results of this study revealed that we could identify the several different periods by visual analysis on the development of the bra’s images and understand the further level of meaning such as woman’s fashion development. Furthermore, this analysis could carry through the prototype of the bra qualities’ mapping database, which could be useful for the female apparel design such as a reference of nostalgia clothes design or fashion forecasting.

50 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

Saturday Session II 11:15-12:45 | Room 505 (5F) Arts Theory and Criticism Session Chair: Cedric van Eenoo 40681

11:15-11:45 | Room 505 (5F)

Around the Table: A Multicultural, Experiential Art Project Peter Roux, Saga University, Kumamoto University, Japan Daphna Markman Zinemanas, Haifa University, Kibuzim College, Israel

When first meeting people from a different culture, we tend to base the interaction on a personally constructed “theory” regarding their “otherness”. Such personal “theories” include perceptions, ideas, emotions and experiences that have accumulated over years and are likely to include stereotypes or preconceived ideas. These factors often influence the engagement, shaping or complicating interaction. In contrast, and regardless of cultural divides however, is the fact that food and nourishment remain central themes in the psychological development of individuals, families and cultures. We present a collaborative art project that uniquely draws on the memories and stories of meaningful personal nourishment, and the multi-cultural diversity of participants to address the distance of “otherness” between them. Using guided imagination and drawings, participants share their experiences, memories and stories around receiving nourishment, thus blending the personal and the cultural. The activity enables participants to express their cultural background from a personal point of view, thus allowing them to connect with, and learn about other cultures in an experiential manner. Through this engaging and emotive process, the activity also provides personal benefit to participants, and further activates additional potential to lower cultural barriers, decrease stereotyping and improve intercultural relations. To demonstrate the application potential, we present preliminary observations, drawings and limited feedback from three interventions: 1) a multicultural group of adult volunteers, 2) Israeli student groups, and 3) a multicultural group of students at a Japanese university. Further ideas and ways to refine and/or enhance the technique are discussed. 40362

11:45-12:15 | Room 505 (5F)

The In-Between

Cedric van Eenoo, Independent Scholar, USA A painting, a musical piece, a text and a film have in common an arrangement of distinct elements, organized to produce the work, and to generate meaning. However, when the focus diverts from what is present in the composition to what is absent, a new dimension can emerge. By concentrating on what is missing, the mind has a different perception of the art. The message is not direct, but implied, allowing for freedom of interpretation. Utilizing omission rather than addition enables the viewer to recompose the piece and be involved through personal emotions. In this regard, the exploration of the void leans toward inwardness, emphasizing introspection and reflection. A closer look at psychology and its use in the visual arts with the Gestalt theory describes how the human brain tends to close gaps in shapes that are unfinished. This mechanism creates an immersive experience. Additionally, the Japanese concept of Ma, applied utilizes and manipulates the notion of in-between, shifting the center of attention, to enable an intensification of vision. The work can operate on a new level of awareness, where the attributes that are actually absent become quintessential. 39281

12:15-12:45 | Room 505 (5F)

3, 2, 1, Infinity! A Decentered Poiesis of Haiku, Code, and Photography Umut Burcu Yurtsever, Yildiz Technical University, Turkey

“3, 2, 1, Infinity!” is an art piece that brings together three genres of media and arts: (1) a “Japanese” poetry form of haiku that was written for a momentary experience of an earthly and unique presence, (2) a digital photograph that was shot at the moment of the experience, and (3) a piece of computer code poetry that was written for the same experience. It was a revelation of the earth during a sea journey, a Zen moment when the horizon line vanished from sight, and the sea and the sky became indistinguishable and one. The artwork attempts to narrate the poiesis of this triad of the sea, the horizon and the sky, in the form of another triad in which each piece is flawed, or incomplete, or “not themselves”, or, out-of-center. The haiku is written in Turkish, the photograph is “cropped” to frame the spatial experience as it is, and the code is written in a “made-up” computer language. This paper, with the intent to re-center the experience and drawing on academic and artistic literature, attempts to explore the issues of “time and space”, “use of language”, and “nature/technology dichotomy”, from the point of a Zen ontology. All the dichotomies that are present at the momentary experience, or the artwork, or the paper, are intended to be resolved through a form of triad for the sake of one, or zero, or infinity.

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Saturday Session II 11:15-12:45 | Room 506 (5F) Literature/Literary Studies Session Chair: Yi-Chin Shih 39022

11:15-11:45 | Room 506 (5F)

Life Migration: With Regard to the Feminine Narrative of Contractions by Zhang Ling and The Fire Sermon by Zhang Xiao-Dong Yung-Ling Hsu, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan

In the North American women writers group, two novels, which are Contractions by Zhang Ling and The Fire Sermon by Zhang XiaoDong, are both featuring the Cultural Revolution and three generations of women in the family as the background of the stories. From the observation based on the firsthand experience as a “survivor”, the stories tell various kinds of “pain”. For example, pains from losing the closet kin, giving birth, suffering from abusing, and the misery of being a refugee. Besides, these two stories also narrate how these memories impact their lives beyond. This paper discusses in detail the writing strategy and the development of the plot, and analyzes both stories which adopt the Cultural Revolution as their backgrounds. The result shows that the resolution processes of women in different classes, who are suffering from “injury” and “pain”, might be different. Consequently, the study demonstrates all kinds women’s attitudes and toughness under the background of the Cultural Revolution when combating fate in a retrospective way. 38601

11:45-12:15 | Room 506 (5F)

Re-Centering Domestic Dominance: Women Fighters in China Across Generations Chi Sum Garfield Lau, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Under conventional patriarchy, women and children within the domestic setting are seemingly protected from various external threats. Meanwhile, the hegemony of domestic lives makes women forever ignorant of patriarchal subordination. In China, such hegemony originates from Confucianism, which was also the principal doctrine that governed social conventions. My paper serves to investigate whether the Confucian values that restrict Chinese women to domesticity and patriarchal obedience are being re-centered due to the influx of imported values. Through exploring Chinese writings across generations, I aim to demonstrate how Chinese women strike back against the victimizing power of Confucianism in silencing them through authorized violence. The literary works selected for analysis were produced when Confucius’ teachings were threatened by imported ideologies. Kwan Han-hsin wrote his famous Chinese tragedy The Injustices Done to Tou Ngo when China was under the repressive Mongolian regime. In this play, Tou Ngo is depicted as the daughter of a Confucian scholar who resists against the corrupted nature of Confucian doctrines. Being affected by modern ideas from the West, Lu Xun illustrates the typical fate of Chinese women through the portrayal of an unusual Chinese woman in The New Year Sacrifice. As a Chinese-American writer in today’s interconnected world, Maxine Hong Kingston realizes the hindrance that conventional bounds have upon the lives of Chinese women. In The Woman Warrior, she expresses the need for Chinese women to rebel against the constraints of domestic life. This research paper is supported by the University Grants Committee of Hong Kong(IDS project UGC/IDS16/16). 39635

12:15-12:45 | Room 506 (5F)

The Illusions of Love in Alice Childress's Wine in the Wilderness Yi-Chin Shih, Tamkang University, Taiwan

As the first African American woman to win an Obie Award, Alice Childress (1916–1994) is an important playwright in the history of American theatre, and especially she is considered as the only black woman playwright in America whose plays have been popular for more than four decades in the 20th century. Childress is famous for portraying black people realistically to show how they survive with dignity in the racist society. Childress’s plays always center on black gender relations. Instead of focusing on black women only or black men only, Childress likes to review the relationship between black men and women to expose the inner conflicts within black communities. In Wine in the Wilderness (1969), Childress discusses the possibility of black love when most black people struggle to survive in the harsh reality in the 1960s. The play depicts a black male artist’s illusions of love based on his ignorance of African American culture and his sexist and classist attitude toward black working-class women. Through a careful text analysis and feminist insights, the paper argues that bad economic conditions and racism against black people at the time are not the only reasons that limit the possibility of love between blacks, but the false consciousness of class and gender within the black communities also prevent themselves from a harmonious and equal gender relations.

52 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

Saturday Session II

11:15-12:45 | Prokofiev Hall (2F) Political Science & Politics Session Chair: Michael W H Chan 38795

11:15-11:45 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

When a Concurrent Village Head Becomes New Boss of the Village Land Deity Temple: Village Voters' Perspective Kuo-Yan Wang, East China Jiao Tong University, China

Land Deity (aka. ‘Tudigong’ in Mandarin Chinese), according to Chinese folklore belief, is a spiritual chief of executive at the grass-roots level that protects every people in his locality, and almost enshrined every community or village in the island of Taiwan. On the other hand, a village head holds responsibility to accept complaints and suggestions, initiate and hold meetings, handout certificates of various sorts, encourage bill payments and assist filling out of government documents if required. This research proposes a common but difficult local administration paradox phenomenon: if the present village head has elected as a director of the village Land Deity Temple, the village residents, and village head election competitors’ attitude towards whether it harmed their faith purity and connotation of administration fairness under the circumstances of the concurrent village head seeks for a second term. For better understanding and ascertaining the respondents’ perceptions on such phenomena, we draw the implications through focus group discussion, descriptive statistics, and actual election results, Finally, this study finds a solution to balance the relationship between local administration and belief center. 40691

11:45-12:15 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

Community Based Land Use for Sustainable Tourism: The Case of Kutuh Village, Bali Alifa Prasasti Rahmaningrum, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

Bali as Indonesia’s first tourism destination has given a significant contribution to both local and national economy. However, Bali faces serious problems to achieve balances between economic development and a sustainable environment. Environmental damage is considered as unavoidable consequences from highly developed tourism infrastructures to accommodate the rising number of tourists coming to Bali each year. Environmental aspects require attention to pursue sustainable green tourism because Bali has gone through big economic development without integrated spatial planning of which has caused wrong land use. Tourism remains the number one backbone of the Bali economy in the near future. The local government has set new development strategy focusing in the South Bali area for a brand new tourism destination. This brings out future challenges on how to preserve natural environment along with the changes on the landscape as the effect of tourism and economic activities. There are thousands of customary village in Bali positioned as the support system to control the ongoing development in the region. Some villages have successfully run community-based management to keep the pure characteristic of Bali tourism. The aim of this research is to find out how community-based land use regulations can mitigate the upcoming consequences of changing environmental conditions from the tourism-based economy. The research is primarily based on the case of Kutuh customary village, in the light of its success in running new tourism community-based management. The research may give suggestions on the ways land use in Bali can be improved to serve new adaptation to new environmental conditions. 39736

12:15-12:45 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

Is "Hong Kong is Not China" A Sign of Independence? An Examination on Spaces and Identity Between HK and China Michael W H Chan, Hang Seng Management College, Hong Kong

Since 1997, “One country, two systems” has been adopted as the constitutional principle in Hong Kong governance. However, the Hong Kong Independence movement (as presented in the slogan: “Hong Kong is not China”) has been upraised during the rule of “Pro-Beijing” Chief Executive C. Y. Leung, enhanced after the Umbrella Movement in 2014 and in the current argument on Juxtaposed border controls in the HK-China High-Speed Railway project. In fact, the “Hong Kong is not China” movement is a demand of differentiating Hong Kong from China: Building up own identity, space, and democracy. Conversely, fear of marginalization and the practice of Overall Jurisdiction from China has changed the game setting in recent years. To what extent the balance between Hong Kong’s self-identity and unification to China can be maintained? This paper aims to examine the matter by asking following research questions: 1) To define the boundaries of “Security and Space” between Hong Kong and China; 2) The dynamic equilibrium of Hong Kong being “united but marginal” from China; and 3) The role of China and Hong Kong Political Leaders as the moderator for maintaining such dynamic equilibrium between two vertices. From this research, it is found that the lack of Mutual Respect, Trust, and Compromise between Hong Kong and China has damaged the originally well-established balance on “One Country Two System”. The moderating role of both Hong Kong and China’s political leaders should be enhanced, while matters of Hong Kong should be handled with kid gloves, not rude controls.

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Saturday Session II

11:15-12:45 | Schumann Hall (2F) Culture & Identity Session Chair: Yuniya Kawamura 40114

11:15-11:45 | Schumann Hall (2F)

A Semiotic Analysis of Solo Basahan as a Traditional Javanese Clothes Annisa Dewi Febryandini, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

In this century, globalization is the common phenomena that can open the chance to influence the tradition and culture in some areas. Culture and its products, like clothes, can easily be replaced by others more modern. It has already taken place with Javanese traditional clothing called Solo Basahan, clothing we associate with deep meanings. Related to the statement, this research aims to reveal the cultural meanings and values contained within Solo Basahan clothes. This qualitative research uses research methods divided into three steps: 1) Collecting the data by doing an interview as a primary data and the literature as a secondary data; 2) Classifying then analyzing the collected data with semiotic analysis; and 3) presenting the data. The result of this research is that Solo Basahan clothes and its parts have many cultural meanings that the married couple who use the clothes have to love and appreciate for each other, to prepare for a new life, and also to know their own responsibilities in married life. Moreover, the clothing contains other values such as religious, moral, and social values. This research can be used as a starting point of discussion about the cultural meaning and value in Javanese cultural traditions, and provide a reference for more research in the wider fields such as historical studies, philosophy, and even linguistics. 39791

11:45-12:15 | Schumann Hall (2F)

The Modern Boy as a "Zero" Construct: Ambivalent Representations of Modern Masculinity in Early TwentiethCentury Japan Pin-Pin Debbie Chan, University of Western Australia, Australia

This paper interrogates the Modern Boy (mobo) in 1920s and 1930s Japan as a discourse of modern masculinity underpinned by transnational flows between differing cultures of reference. As a result of these transnational encounters, the mobo was often ambivalently constructed in visual and literary discourses of the time. On the one hand, the visibility of the “body” of the mobo in terms of his fashionable Western attire and engagement in new Western social practices made him a powerful sign of a desirable modern masculinity according to a Western culture of reference. The circulation of the mobo’s image as a beautiful commodified male in popular mass culture also points to a renegotiation of masculinity according to a new gender-blurring beauty aesthetic in early twentieth-century Japan. On the other hand, the mobo was often constructed as an undesirable form of masculinity – a “zero” type masculinity, as he was described by critics of the time. The parodic and emasculated “zero” mobo therefore functioned as a masculine “Other” to establish hegemonic masculine ideals. In the context of Japanese nation-building during the early twentieth century, such representations need to be interrogated as ideological strategies that constructed normative gender identity in Japanese society but also consolidated gendered national identity amidst great transnational cultural flows. As an ambivalent discourse of modern masculinity inflected by transnational flows, the mobo discourse contributes to an understanding of how gender construction was linked in complex ways to Japan’s project of nation-building and international positioning in the early twentieth-century. 39644

12:15-12:45 | Schumann Hall (2F)

Asian Designers and Teen Consumers as Global Disseminators of Fashion Yuniya Kawamura, Fashion Institute of Technology & State University of New York, USA

A number of classical writers, such as Thorstein Veblen in The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899) and Georg Simmel in a journal article Fashion (1904) analyzed fashion as a concept and made an attempt to theorize it at the turn of the twentieth century. Although it was never explicitly stated, they were undoubtedly treating fashion as a Western idea which assumes that designers are white Europeans or Americans. Similarly, among the fashion scholars, there is an unspoken consensus that the study of fashion/dress constitutes Western fashion unless mentioned otherwise. However, since the 1980s with the emergence and the popularity of Japanese fashion designers in Paris, such as Yohji Yamamoto and Rei Kawakubo, Western fashion scholars have been suggesting that we need to redefine and revise the definition of fashion. The legitimation mechanism for fashion designers that used to be centralized in the West, such as Paris and New York, has transformed dramatically and diversified with the use of social media tools. Young consumers in the West are finding non-Western designers, Asian designers in particular, unique, creative, and different, and they are aware that the Asians are capable of producing "fashion" as they dominate the top echelon of the high fashion world, and at the same time, youth subcultural fashion that originated in Asia, especially Japan, is gaining global popularity. The idea of "fashion" may even become an Asian concept in the future.

54 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Session I 11:15-12:45 | Room 501 (5F)

Silk Road Roundtable Session & Presentation Session Chairs: Georges Depeyrot & Joseph Haldane 11:15-11:45 | Room 501 (5F)

“International Academic Cooperation in Uncertain Times” Moscow Roundtable Conference Report & Roundtable Discussion 11:45-12:15 | Room 501 (5F)

"Recentering: Asian Spaces, Cultures and Ideas in the 21st Century” Roundtable Discussion 40631

12:15-12:45 | Room 501 (5F)

The Silk Road: Past, Present and Future

Ljiljana Markovic, University of Belgrade, Serbia Biljana Djoric Francuski, University of Belgrade, Serbia The aim of this paper is to analyze the numerous and crucial cultural influences that connected the East and the West, diachronically. The importance of such a circulation of goods and ideas as has been going on along these well-trodden routes, meant that the known world had always been globalized. As the communications along the Silk Road routes, by land as well as by sea, at different levels of technological development and communication speeds, kept the world interconnected, they contributed significantly to the progress of arts and sciences and cultural and economic development of humanity. A particular emphasis is laid upon the circulation of ideas, art patterns, musical instruments, scientific knowledge and discoveries, the silk trade and the secret of silk production itself, spice routes, book routes, religious influences, ethical and philosophical tenets, linguistic influences, writing systems, agricultural production techniques, culinary influences and others. The Silk Road phenomenon and the identities of cultures that have been developing along the Silk Road since the second half of the 19th century when they caught the eye of an experienced geographer, von Richthofen, have been the focus of a fruitful and multidisciplinary approach of modern humanities and social sciences. Thus, they are in the center of interest of Oriental Studies, History, Politics, Cultural Studies, Economics, Philosophy, and other converging fields. This paper aims to position the Silk Road cultures within the framework of transitioning from a traditional to a modernized society.

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Saturday Session III 13:45-15:45 | Chopin Hall (2F) Language, Linguistics Session Chair: Christelle Davis 39942

13:45-14:15 | Chopin Hall (2F)

Multicultural English Picture Books: An Investigation Into College Low-Achievers' English Reading and Writing Self-Efficacy and Language Learning Strategies Pei-Ling Yang, Oriental Institute of Technology, Taiwan

The present study aims to investigate the relationship among EFL college learners’ language learning strategies, English self-efficacy, and English picture books. Many studies show that learning contexts have a positive effect on learners’ behaviors, personal factors, and performance. However, there is little research on applying English picture books in EFL contexts based on the model of Social Cognitive Theory and Sociocultural Theory. Therefore, in this study, from the perspectives of Social Cognitive Theory and Sociocultural Theory, three constructs, namely English picture books, language learning strategies, and English learning self-efficacy, will be investigated through a quasi-experiment. In this experiment, all the participants (roughly 104 EFL college learners) will be recruited. Randomly selected as an experimental and a control group, they will be asked to answer self-reported questionnaires (English self-efficacy and language learning strategies) and English proficiency tests. The 18-week English picture book instruction will be conducted in a more learner-centered and stress-free context. Speaking of the result analyses, besides the descriptive analysis of the learners’ background information and qualitative analysis of on-site observation and post-interview, a series of t-tests, ANCOVA and Pearson Correlation coefficient will be applied to demonstrate findings from the quantitative data. In sum, the findings of the study could possibly shed light on EFL learning and could be of help to those who are interested in the effect of English picture books on strategy building, self-efficacy enhancement, and learning involvement. Both EFL instructors and learners could be benefited in terms of a more learner-centered and learner-involved learning with the integration of English picture books. 39976

14:15-14:45 | Chopin Hall (2F)

Typical Writing Styles Among Genders: A Corpus Study in Asian L2 Learners' Academic Writing Sulistyaningrum, University of Queensland, Australia

Scholars have been attempting to distinguish the writing characteristics between male and female since the last several decades. Although it has been assumed that the gender-based characteristics more likely exists in literary works (Holmes, 1998; Koppel et al., 2002) and orally produced discourse (Mulac and Lundell, 1994) rather than in academic writing, a number of research studies found the distinctive language style in scientific articles, books, essays, business letters, web blogs, online messages, and emails (Argamon, et al., 2003; Baron, 2004; Colley and Todd, 2002; Jones and Myhill, 2007; Koppel et al., 2002; Sarawgi et al., 2011; Sterkel, 1988). Surprisingly, although the objects analysed by the earlier studies were diverse, all of them were written in the participants’ first languages. Considering the insufficient study on the different linguistics aspects among genders in second-language discourse, this study hence explores the learner corpus of The International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English (ICNALE) (Ishikawa, 2013), which provides the electronic collection of written essays produced by 2,800 EFL and ESL learners from ten different countries in Asia including Hong Kong, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Thailand, and Taiwan. Using the 3.3g version of compilation and annotation software UAMCorpustool (O’Donnell, 2008), the data is annotated based on the stylistic features on Rubin and Greene (1992), Koppel et al. (2002), and Mulac and Lundell (1994). This corpus study aimed to investigate the comparative gender-based writing styles in argumentative essays written by ESL learners with B2 CEFR proficiency level to those written by EFL learners with the same English proficiency level. 40378

14:45-15:15 | Chopin Hall (2F)

Enquiry Based Approaches to Teaching Grammar and Differentiation in the Senior Japanese Classroom Julie Devine, Star of the Sea College, Australia

This presentation will look at the approaches to teaching grammar taken over two years with students studying Japanese in the last two years of a high school in Australia. The students have been studying Japanese for four and five years and are preparing for an external examination. at the end of their final year which is set by the Victorian State government. The focus of the presentation is an enquiry based approach to grammar introduction and a three-tier system using videos and online support material to allow for differentiation and personalised learning in the classroom. The enquiry based approach requires students to be actively involved in the analysis of new grammar points and the construction of meaning in unfamiliar sentences, rather than passively receiving input from the teacher. The aim of the three-tier system is to create time in class for students who are motivated to access videos and online exercises at home to do some higher order activities using the target pattern to solve problems and create scenarios. Students who are less motivated to work at home have time in class to complete the basic exercises and students who are struggling with the new concepts have some time with the teacher in smaller groups. 40761

15:15-15:45 | Chopin Hall (2F)

The Convergence of Language Education and Popular Culture: What the ESL Classroom can Learn From Adaptation Studies Christelle Davis, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Teachers of English as a Second Language in Hong Kong universities are faced with two pedagogical issues to cope with students who have just emerged from 12 years of rigorous education: how to stimulate learning motivation and how to teach them to think critically and analytically. As a solution, adaptation is a word, along with ‘hybrid” and “flipped” that is thrown around Teaching English as a Second Language circles, usually in the context of teaching methods and classroom management styles. However, this presentation will discuss how adaptation theory and the study of how texts are influenced and revised can be used as a pedagogical tool. Specifically, we will explore how participatory and user-generated content such as memes, mash ups and viral videos have infiltrated the cultural landscape and are now ever present on our students’ screens and in their conversations. Stemming from the use of these artefacts of participatory culture as tools for language education, this presentation will argue for the integration of popular culture and digital media in language education to strengthen students’ multimodal critical literacies.

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Saturday Session III 13:45-15:45 | Room 503 (5F) Media, Film Studies, Theatre Session Chair: Barbara Gabriel 40422

13:45-14:15 | Room 503 (5F)

Recentering From Paper to Screen: Transmitting Chinese Literature Through Film Adaptation Qichen Liu, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

In the trend which images replace words as the essential way for people to obtain information, the media through which literature is communicated has been altered greatly, and a film adaptation is now one of the most frequent accesses to literature for the general public. By studying Yan Ge-ling’s works and their film adaptations, this paper examines the changes in themes and plots that are made in the process of adaptation in order to cater to the target audience, as well as how these films, in turn, influence the transmission of the original novel. Comparisons between the original novels and their film adaptations show that the themes of feminism and nationalism were often undermined or ignored due to the constraints of different forms of art, social values, and market needs, but the popularity of films also brought new audiences to the original novels, which did not attract as much attention before they were adapted into films. 39815

14:15-14:45 | Room 503 (5F)

Images and Narrative of the Core-Periphery Model: Questions of Cultural Identity in the "Oriental Fantasy" Subgenre Chinese-Language Films Yishui Chen, Beijing Normal University, China

As Hollywood’s fantasy films wow audience around the world in the context of globalization, “oriental fantasy” subgenre Chinese-language films came out and grew rapidly, making one and another box-office success. As a whole, in the film world centered on Hollywood films, “oriental fantasy” Chinese-language films always stay at the periphery. With “Core-Periphery” images and narrative, “oriental fantasy” subgenre films are characterized by “more fantastic, more peripheral” in story writing, and “more peripheral, more fantastic” in internal cultural identity. The “Central Land-Exotic Land” concentric circles meet the “Western Center-Oriental Community” intersecting circles, forming overlapping multiple cultural circles. Different from Hollywood fantasy films, “oriental fantasy” subgenre Chinese-language films are possible to embrace diverse cultures. However, the self-orientalism in story writing reveals problems contained such as cultural symptoms and cultural identity difficulty. 40672

14:45-15:15 | Room 503 (5F)

Martin Scorsese's Silence: His Interpretation on Shusaku Endo's Silence Chika Okuyama, Independent Scholar, Japan

In this paper, I will analyze and examine Martin Scorsese’s Silence (2016) from various perspectives, such as his interpretation and effort to portray Christianity in Japan through his cinematic approach as well as his motivation and ambition to create a film based on Shusaku Endo’s Silence which raises fundamental questions on one’s belief and faith. Shusaku Endo’s novel Silence (published on 1966) tells a story of a young missionary named Rodrigues, based on historical facts on Christian in Japan during early Edo period, and Endo leaves ethical questions to the readers (includes Martin Scorsese himself) on one’s belief and faith in Christianity through Rodrigues’ character. Scorsese spends over twenty years to come up with his own way to deliver Endo’s message in his 2016 Film Silence and his cinematic approach clearly shows his deep understanding and effort to achieve that goal. Silence is an extremely personal film for Scorsese since he has been holding on to the same question since he was a child in Little Italy (NY), where he witnessed constant battle between violence and religion. Thus, he projects his personal view in this film, which leads to a film Silence much more than just a film that serves as a translational tool from a novel to a motion picture. In summary, this paper is an effort to understand Martin Scorsese’s Silence through his interpretation and cinematic approach, which originated from Scorsese’s personal connections to Endo’s message from novel Silence. 40669

15:15-15:45 | Room 503 (5F)

Topographies of Memory and History: Japan in the Films of Chris Marker Barbara Gabriel, Carleton University, Canada

The sense of disorientation experienced by the memory crises of global technological modernity is often described in spatial language. The French term depaysement captures this commingling of categories of time and space literally: out of country-ness. This is the condition of vertigo actively constructed in the seminal films of Chris Marker, whose travelogues, or auto-ethnographies, employ a range of new technologies as well as montage strategies to recreate the linear as well as non-hierarchical information flows which characterize global modernity, intensified in the digital era. Four of his films reference Japan centrally: Le Mystere Koumiko ( 1965); Sans Soleil ( 1982); Le Depays (1982); and Level Five (1997). I want to read the ways in which Marker simultaneously stages both Japan’s commodified present and the traumatic memory-holes of its post-war history, leaning on the work of Walter Benjamin to suggest the films’ radical historiography of a Present Past. Yet, I also want to ask if this reading of Japan remains unwittingly complicit with the Occidental history of reading Japan under the signs of Mystery and the Feminine. Finally, I will trace in Sans Soleil a number of longer national traditions, hidden in the folds of the apparently rootless global metropolis. Exemplary is the Benjaminian dialectical image of the 14th century Japanese Noh Theatre of ghosts as condensed and distilled figure for a resolutely contemporary historiography of haunting in the film.

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Saturday Session III 13:45-15:45 | Room 505 (5F)

Performing Arts Practices: Theater, Dance, Music Session Chair: Shin-Yi Lee 39825

13:45-14:15 | Room 505 (5F)

Aesthetics Problems of Jakarta: Relation Between Yogyakarta's Theatre Performers and Jakarta's Audience Imam Aziz Muttaqin, Independent Scholar, Indonesia

This paper discusses the differences in aesthetic perspectives that arise due to the differences in language in art performance. The number of local languages that exist to be a unique identity of Indonesia as one nation. Unfortunately, this variety of local languages is merely a local element that is not brought into the global understanding as a greater identity. The language mindset will affect the cultural pattern of each region. When brought into the national language, it will also change the logic of locality thinking. Differences in space use and understanding of local languages become problem when interpreted in a show performance. The typical local script to be introduced to the national space will be compressed to the selection of words and meanings. As a result, often a typical scene in each region fail to be translated in staging. Departing from this issue, many art practitioners make language compromises as effort to translate to national understanding. I use observation methods on some performances performed by local artists of Yogyakarta in Jakarta. The observations then analyzed using a staging comparison in Yogyakarta with Jakarta. In many stages, misinterpretation of language can not be elaborated on the text message in its entirety. Using a pragmatic theory approach, I would like to point out that the use of local language understanding is reduced in national space. Therefore, an aesthetic approach is needed that not only focuses on word translation, it is necessary to care about local understanding in the national space. 39598

14:15-14:45 | Room 505 (5F)

Peace to the World: The Retold Story of Sadako Sasaki to the Stage Play in Thai Society Pannatat Po-dhivejakul, Silpakorn University, Thailand

In the past six years, a number of conflicts and violence between people and between countries in present society have arisen abruptly and easily. The conflicts, mostly, come to the violence that causes, without compromising, the worst result of the death of the opponent. In Asia, Sadako Sasaki, a Japanese girl who was one of the victims of the atomic bombing in World War II, represents yearning for peace in the world. For over sixty years, since her story was revealed, true peace has never happened. Every war or violence causes severe effect to everyone, every gender of all ages, and that is the undeniable truth. The story of Sadako is retold through a stage play of realism. The play has been adjusted and expanded to encourage audiences to realize the harmful effect of all conflicts and violence. Moreover, it also suggests the possible solutions. In the creation of the play, searching for the historical data is needed along with elaborating on the Sadako’s story to adjust to the current Thai society. After that, it comes to the process of script-writing, producing, and performing. Even though, the story is idealistic, it brings hopes to the production team and audiences that humans can live together peacefully. So far, this project exposes us the fact that we can avoid any kinds or forms of conflicts and violence happening in our society by ourselves with the heart of compassion and forgiving. 38642

14:45-15:15 | Room 505 (5F)

A Theatre Creative Research: A Midsummer Night's Dream Pawaris Mina, Silpakorn University, Thailand Pattra Toburin, Silpakorn University, Thailand Nattaporn Sathitwarathorn, Silpakorn University, Thailand

A Midsummer Night’s Dream is a theatre creative research which has been inspired by William Shakespeare’s play script and the translated play script Fun Na Kuen Klang Ruedoo Ron (A Midsummer Night’s Dream) by Dudsadee Mala. This theatre creative research was presented as a stage play using teaching method called “Project-Based Learning”. The process of this theatre creative research began with interpreting the play from both English and Thai versions of A Midsummer Night’s Dream. As both versions are written in the form of poetry, the play needed to be adapted into spoken language beforehand by the researchers. This theatrical production were managed and run by the students of Faculty of Management Science, Silpakorn University, Thailand. The results of the study showed that the students have gained solving problems skills, planning and time-management skills through working in different positions, such as costume design, scenery design, public relation, and so on. Moreover, they also had opportunity to learn collaboration, teamwork, and creative thinking skills, especially higher order thinking. At the end of the production, the students can make self-evaluation that lead to their improvement. 40514

15:15-15:45 | Room 505 (5F)

Social/Political Concerns in Today's Taiwanese Theatre: On Tainaner Ensemble's The Book of Fate Trilogy One: The Forgotten God Shin-Yi Lee, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan

The Book of Fate Trilogy One: The Forgotten God (2017) is Tainaner Ensemble’s latest production, aiming at presenting the social and political issues seldom discussed in Taiwanese theatre, such as refugees from North Korea. By doing so, Tainaner Ensemble could swift to a new theatre practice where social and political issues could be explored openly. This swift reflects some facts in Today’s Taiwanese theatre: one is limited theme options in theatrical works; the other is the setting is usually within a domestic environment. The development of modern drama in Taiwan could be traced back to the Japanese Occupation Era (1895–1945) when modern drama was a sign of modernization and a political propaganda. The themes were mostly domestic issues, such as a young couple’s love is strongly opposed by forceful parents. Because of strict censorship, criticism on the government or society was rarely seen in public. After the martial law was officially lifted in 1992, artists and producers could present various genres of drama in public, yet the setting has still been mostly the domestic environment. This paper will discuss the development of modern drama in Taiwan first and see how the early artists’ choices of themes influence later generations. Also, by discussing the theme choice of The Book of Fate Trilogy One: The Forgotten God, this paper will discuss the possibilities of exploring new issues in today’s Taiwanese theatre and present Taiwan as a member of the global village.

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Saturday Session III 13:45-15:45 | Room 506 (5F) Literature/Literary Studies Session Chair: Shoshannah Ganz 39748

13:45-14:15 | Room 506 (5F)

Transcendentalism Aspects in the Poem The Rhodora by Ralph Waldo Emerson (Genetic Structuralism Analysis) Siti Hardiyanti Amri, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM)/Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia

The aim of this research is to analyze the collective world view in Ralph Waldo Emerson’s poem The Rhodora. The theory of genetic structuralism by Lucien Goldmann is used to find out the relation between the structure of literary work and the structure of society as its background. The relation is identified through the world view or ideology expressed through the work since the author is the member of particular society. The whole meaning of the poem could be achieved by studying the structure of the poem and its genetic or socialhistorical context. The method of this research is dialectic method between the text of The Rhodora, the world view of Emerson and the whole social structure to gain the coherence. This research found that the poem The Rhodora represented a transcendentalism world view. Transcendentalism is the essential elements of Romantic Movement in America around 19th century which emphasizes the unity of God, man, and universe. This poem offers spirituality obtained through the bond of man and nature. Transcendentalism offers the idea that intuition is the guide to spiritual truth. 39615

14:15-14:45 | Room 506 (5F)

Literary Historicist Approach in Robert Frost's Fire and Ice Marijo Chua, Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, The Philippines

This paper attempts to analyze the literary historicism in Robert Frost’s Fire and Ice. Specifically, this paper aims to determine the modern significance of the destructive power of elemental force of fire with the emotion of desire and ice with hate. This paper was analyzed via literary historicist approach whose main goal is to understand intellectual history through literature, and literature through its cultural context. The poet and some authors discussed the concept of desire and hate as universal phenomenon that can destroy the world. Within this metaphorical view of the two elements, the “world” can be recognized as a metaphor for a relationship. Hence, a textual symbolism reveals this signification that too much fire and passion can quickly consume a relationship, while cold indifference and hate can also be equally destructive. 39822

14:45-15:15 | Room 506 (5F)

Suicide, Alienation, and Sexuality as Radical Actions in Haruki Murakami's Norwegian Wood: A Study of Slavoj Zizek's Subjectivity Sulistyaningtyas, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

As one of the most outstanding Japanese authors, Haruki Murakami always comes up with unique ideas of surrealistic story. Yet, his only realistic novel, Norwegian Wood (2000), is also a masterpiece. Translated from the original version entitled Noruwei no Mori (1987), this novel tells about a complicated story rooted from the death of the beloved one. This research aims to investigate the subjectivity of the main characters: Kizuki, Naoko, and Toru as they do certain radical actions to be out from their symbolic mechanism. Set in Tokyo during the late 1960s, the background shows the student movement which grew wider after the World War II to protest the government. Nevertheless, their ambition to be free from the structures that chained them do not always come true. Some of them left their symbolic mechanism to enter another one. In the end, the characters cannot be the Other; as long as they are still structured by a particular symbolic mechanism they would only be able to be the other. 38953

15:15-15:45 | Room 506 (5F)

The Centrality of Japanese Literature and Thought to Canadian Literature: The Tale of Genji and Burning Vision Shoshannah Ganz, Memorial University, Grenfell Campus, Canada

The study of literature and particularly English literature in universities has historically focused on the inherited and colonial canon of British-American literature. This paper will argue for the influence and centrality of The Tale of Genji and other works of Japanese literature and Japanese thought on Canadian literature and culture. While addressing the larger questions of Japanese literary and cultural influence on Canadian literature and culture, this paper will explore more particularly one aspect of intersection in Canadian and Japanese history and the Canadian literary expression of this history. The uranium mined and processed in northern Canada was used for the creation of the atom bombs that were detonated over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The mining took place on Dene land and resulted in sickness and death for the Dene people. This experience changed the indigenous way of life and relationship to nature, storytelling, and community. Marie Clements’ Burning Vision explores the intersection of Canadian and Japanese history in this shared experience of radiation sickness. This paper will argue that Clements’ work decentres the Christian Western values associated with a narrative of progress by employing Japanese motifs found in The Tale of Genji and a part of Japanese philosophy about nature and community. These values will be shown to have deep resonances with the Dene beliefs about nature, visions, and family. This paper thus works toward acknowledgement of the centrality of Japanese literature and thought to works of Canadian literature.

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Saturday Session III

13:45-15:45 | Prokofiev Hall (2F) Knowledge Session Chair: Amy Lee 39697

13:45-14:15 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

Noninstitutional Ecology of the Production and the Diffusion of Knowledge in Contemporary China Xiyin Zhou, Paris Diderot University, France

In the context of the globalisation of knowledge, we witness a thought-provoking phenomenon of knowledge diffusion in contemporary China. Suffering from the intervention of the state ideology on one side and the inner constraint of the more and more radical division and professionalisation of the institutional practice on the other side, Chinese institutional intellectuals don't contribute enough to the production and the diffusion of knowledge as we expect them to do. However, the non-institutional intellectuals, with the help of the new media and the new information technologies, put their talent and zeal creatively into good use to popularise the knowledge of almost all kinds outside the academic realm. Their endeavour and achievement can't be underestimated. But how to really comprehend this burgeoning dynamic knowledge movement in an asian and especially a Chinese context stays a hard nut to crack. In this presentation, we choose the very successful "Luojisiwei" (罗辑思维) as a case study to demonstrate some important elements of the infrastructure of the noninstitutional ecology of the production and the diffusion of knowledge in China. Apart from a general socioeconomic point of view, we would also like to adopt the perspective of the anthropology of knowledge and that of the Chinese history of ideas in order to give a multidimensional description and analysis. We will reflect on the identity of these noninstitutional intellectuals and their conception of knowledge in relation both to the asian intellectual tradition and to the western intellectual practice from a comparative point of view. 40546

14:15-14:45 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

The Future of the Humanities in Asia: The Challenges of Liberal Education in a Neoliberal World Ashley Harbers, Yonsei University, South Korea

If we agree that the human is what is central to the humanities, not only semantically but also philosophically, then there is no reason why the humanities cannot be recentered and recovered in Asia. Perhaps they should be, since here in Asia, the humanities may also serve as a site of resistance against utilitarianism in general and neoliberalism in particular. Furthermore, Asian universities can subvert the hegemony of the Anglo-American university by harnessing the global “eastward turn”; vibrant communities in newer democracies make fertile ground for literary production and study. Tracing the philosophical basis for liberal education from the classical tradition of ancient Greece, the humanist tradition of Erasmus and Thomas More in the Middle Ages, and the twentieth-century writings of John Henry Newman to contemporary discussions of the challenges facing the humanities today as articulated by Martha Nussbaum, Michael Roth, and Stefan Collini, as well as my own experience and philosophy as an American doctoral student in a Korean university, this paper will address the issues facing the global humanities in Asia, engaging not only the possibilities but also the challenges for humanities departments, their professors, and their students. One challenge, for example, is that the Western corporatization of the university has already taken deep root in Asia, at least in South Korea where I live and study, which forces this question out of the ivory tower and requires us to interrogate the very fabric of our global society. 39657

14:45-15:15 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

Elderly Care Practices and Cure Regimes: Multi-Sited Ethnography of Aging Keren Mazuz, Hadassah Academic College Jerusalem, Israel

Based on multi-sited ethnographic research regarding aging in Israel, this paper aims to describe care practices and cure regimes used to treat elderly patients and to manage the increased life-expectancy of the population. As the world is rapidly ageing, ageing is viewed as a life-long process based on scientific exploration and self-governing individual. Thus, care practices and cure regimes reveal a specific world of biomedical knowledge and cultural notions that exemplify successful aging and well-being. From an anthropological point of view, care and cure are terms of accountability embedded in medical, political and economic interventions as well as in dialogical moments and moral commitment of caregiver to the patient. Based on extensive fieldwork in three diverse sites: the homes of elderly patients cared-for by Filipina migrant caregivers; at a pain clinic in a hospital; and, within two major cities which promote the WHOs Age-Friendly City initiative, this paper highlight a range from intense care practices related to empathic aspects of relationships with patients to intense cure regimes that associated with medical provision to capture the various possibilities and forms of becoming aged. The gap between care and cure indexes the potentiality of aging, what is aging and what it should be. Each site offers different tempos of care and cure that rearrange the sociality of being-old. Aging becomes a central, contested and dynamic site of political, global and local neoliberal economics, medical and social interventions that shape bodily and emotional experiences, cultural morals, and hope in contemporary global aged societies. 39767

15:15-15:45 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

A Manual for Living: How to Live Properly Using the Humanities Amy Lee, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong

The Humanities seems to be constantly in a crisis for survival, as seen in the periodic needs of university departments and schools to justify their existence and explain their curriculum for their worth. Worth, in this age, tends to be measured by quantitative criteria such as percentage of graduates getting a job, the salary level achieved, income generated by scholars from research findings, and so on. The general acceptance of this kind of measurement can be seen during open days of universities, as this is the kind of data posted visibly everywhere to convince potential students and their parents where the right choice lies. Academics are also no stranger to the uneven distribution of research funding and other resources (such as time) among researchers of different disciplines. One of the themes of this conference is how the humanities can survive the dominant trend towards more marketable forms of education. This presentation contains some thoughts about this question, in the form of rethinking how what is considered as the traditional knowledge of the humanities can be re-presented as a “manual for survival” for anyone attempting to live a proper life in this globalized world. In particular, I will draw on the recent popularity of traditional knowledge such as Buddhist studies and Chinese medicine as an approach to create a “manual for survival” using the Humanities.

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Saturday Session III

13:45-15:45 | Schumann Hall (2F) Teaching and Learning Session Chair: Elena Mishieva 40003

13:45-14:15 | Schumann Hall (2F)

Unraveling Asian Consciousness, Developing Passionate Historians: Deepening the Historians' Craft Through the Knowledge Building Practice Melvin Chan, Teck Whye Secondary School, Ministry of Education, Singapore Yu Bin Soh, Teck Whye Secondary School, Ministry of Education, Singapore Chew Lee Teo, National Institute of Education, Singapore

With the increasing tilt towards STEM education, it is necessary for Humanities to reinstate her status and position, importance and value in the shaping of one’s tomorrow. This presentation seeks to describe Teck Whye Secondary School’s (TWSS) signature design methodology and productive processes in the cultivation and nurturing of the students’ passion and proficiency in Humanities, particularly in the field of History. Capitalizing on the changing nature of history education in tandem with the historiographical shifts towards a more inclusive, intersecting and integrative past, all students in TWSS undergo the “Industry-Based Investigative Experience”. This program is designed primarily to stretch and challenge their historical knowledge, interpretation and procedural practices within the context of a principle-based, collaborative-driven and disciplinarity-orientated Knowledge Building Learning Environment. Through the use of quantitative and qualitative analysis such as the Knowledge Forum analytical tools, students’ survey and reflection, the findings indicate that i) Asian centricity has increasingly become the new norm in students’ construct of the past – this ranges from recognition of Asian players to the incorporation of Asian sources, perspectives, values and contexts as references and conceptualization to historical events, ii) Notion of non-judgemental and non-hierarchical view of the past in relations to the different groups’ history and interactions are now highly evident, iii) Reflective thinking and Ideas-driven history formed the nucleus to a transformative understanding and henceforth appreciation of History as a relevant and meaningful discipline for personal pursuit. This study recommends professional collaboration and dialogue between learning sciences and humanities practitioners. 39654

14:15-14:45 | Schumann Hall (2F)

Know Your Audience: A Discussion of the Intersection of Positive Engagement Metrics in Performing Arts and Education I Jenise Boland, Simon Fraser University, Canada

While education systems have only begun to investigate participant engagement within the last quarter century, the performance arts have been keenly aware of the transactional relationship between agent and audience for thousands of years. Research on audience experience is a mixed methodology of qualitative and quantitative methods, as well as the less scientific but certainly effective “death by bad review”. From these inquiries, four components – knowledge, risk, authenticity and collective engagement – have emerged across performance arts disciplines as defining elements of positive audience engagement. Furthermore, the artist-as-agent holds the responsibility of positively engaging the audience. Given that both performance artists and educators strive for positive engagement within a transactional experience, it stands to reason engagement metrics might share similar indicators and outcomes. This is not the case. At present student engagement is defined mainly in terms of what agents- namely teachers, parents, and principals – determine as demonstrative positive engagement, including task completion, working quietly, and achieving high marks. Such indicators are out of touch with today’s dynamic, cooperative learning based classrooms. This model gauges only individual behaviours, and omits both the individual voice of the student and the collective experience. Furthermore, these metrics place responsibility for high engagement squarely on the student, rather than the agents of teaching. This paper posits that educators should reframe the measurement of student engagement to include the principles demonstrated by the performing arts, and to shift responsibility towards a shared model of positive engagement within a transactional experience. 39831

14:45-15:15 | Schumann Hall (2F)

Re-Exploring the Aesthetics: A Case-Study on Art Education in Senior High School Students in Taiwan Ying-Jung Li, Institute of Art Studies, Taiwan Chih-Hsiu Hu, Institute of Art Studies, Taiwan Chun-Hsun Liu, Institute of Art Studies, Taiwan Yu-Le Kang, Institute of Art Studies, China

Visual-art gifted special education in Taiwan has long been the base for cultivating future artists or professionals; therefore, anyone who is admitted to this visual-art gifted special education program would be regarded as the one who passes the “right” aesthetic standard to the crowds. Yet, under the impact of Taiwan's Enrollment system and every subject should be evaluated and scored, art teachers still have to teach students how to pass the entrance exam. Teachers have to follow “the ten principles of the aesthetics” and the handbook written by the Ministry of Education in Taiwan, Introduction to the Aesthetics (美感入門), to help students pass the exam, and the formulated painting skills and quantified scoring criteria are applied to help define beauty or art. Thus, students might lose their individual's independent and critical thinking ability. The authors used Richard Hamilton’s Just What is it That Makes Today's Homes So Different, So Appealing? to guide students to use different ways to observe life, and by improvisation, music performance, and collage to develop students' ability to think out of the standardized education, and not to provide any answers for students to follow. After two semesters of teaching and experiments, according to the students’ response, many of them mention they realize art does not exist in the textbooks, but in real life. This paper aims to reflect on the essence of Taiwan's art gifted education and its educational aims; hopefully, this experiment could be a mirror for today’s education system. 41048

15:15-15:45 | Schumann Hall (2F)

Towards The Dialogue of Cultures: Developing Cultural Identity in Russian Schoolchildren by means of ELT Elena Mishieva, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia

The concepts of cultural identity and promoting the dialogue of cultures are of great importance to Russian educators. Russians have never before been so exposed to international and intercultural communication, given near universal free Internet access. Mass international and intercultural communication reveals cultural differences, and quite often stereotypes and generalizations about foreign language society emerge, which might provoke conflicts and misunderstanding (Ter-Minasova, 2016). For the last two decades, the Russian educational paradigm has been promoting the dialogue of cultures, defined as a learner’s transition from cognition and reflection to action and behavior in the context of intercultural communication (Safonova, 1996) as one of the ultimate aims of foreign language learning. One of the stages on the way to the dialogue of cultures is developing cultural identity. It is defined as an individual’s self-attribution to a particular cultural group, their purposeful behavior directed at being accepted into that group, as well as certain characteristic features of the group that automatically assign an individual’s membership (Sysoyev, 2004). Cultural identity involves ethical, social, economic, gender, religious and age characteristics among others. Thus, it is highly important to consider a learner’s cultural background and integrate their native culture into ELT. This presentation reports on practices of developing learners’ cultural identity through an EL course for Russian high schools via: 1) texts in English about Russian culture; 2) projects based on learner’s personal experience and background knowledge of both their hometown and country; 3) texts about cultures of English-speaking countries.

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IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Session II 13:45-15:15 | Room 501 (5F) Silk Road Symposium Presentation Session Chair: Kiyomitsu Yui 40638

13:45-14:15 | Room 501 (5F)

Cultures Embodied in Materiality in Cultural Exchange: A Contribution to Modern Silk Road Studies Kiyomitsu Yui, Kobe University, Japan Noriyuki Inoue, Kobe University, Japan Hiroko Matsumoto, Kobe University, Japan

One of the recent developments in cultural sociology is that of towards “material turn” (M. Umemura, p. 68, 2017, KINJOGAKUIN DAIGAKU RONSHU, Vol. 14, No.1, September). Material turn in cultural sociology focuses on the materiality per se which embodies cultural contents. It is for certain that we usually can access to cultures only through things (materials) that embody cultures, but the focus is always on the content of culture not the things themselves. Things are in this context only the ‘vehicles’ of cultures. Meanwhile the “material turn” emphasizes that materiality per se which embodies culture matters, significance of materiality per se in cultural communication. In this sense, ‘material turn’ is opposed to logocentrism which also can have a strong connection with the “visual turn of sociology” (J. Alexander) which as well is opposed to logocentrism in the tradition of Western philosophy. But outside the scope of philosophy visual communication and the communication via materialized culture have been rather most vibrant, usual and intensified ways of communication among people. Ancient cultural exchange via precious materials that embody valuable civilization is the case of silk road exchange. From ancient silk road through pre-modern to even modern world, this sort of material-cultural exchange played a significant role in our cultural exchange experiences. The paper takes up recent trends of cultural production exporting/travelling into the world as the case study of materialized cultural exchange nowadays as a contribution to modern silk road studies suggesting its importance even in our age. 40690

14:15-14:45 | Room 501 (5F)

The Treasure in Shosoin and Silk Road Culture Sakae Naito, Nara National Museum, Japan

The Shosoin Repository is located within the grounds of the temple Todaiji in the city of Nara, and was built in the Nara period, eighth century AD. The Shosoin is often called ‘the terminal station of silk road.’ Though Japanese Archipelago is located in the Far East, in the Shosoin there are plenty of art works / crafts that have been brought through silk road and even in the case of Japanese production housed there heavily influenced by silk road culture. The works and crafts housed in the Shosoin that symbolize silk road culture are glassware made in Sassanid Persia. Among them, Ruri Hai (lazuli glass) was made in Sassanid Persia and brought to Paekchein in the Korean Peninsula, put silver leg on it there in Korea then came to Japan in 7th century. The work is extremely precious one in that we can trace its transit place among the items traveled in the silk road, and also so interesting when we can consider the way of acceptance of foreign cultures into Japan. In the presentation I will explore to consider the relationships between the treasure in Shosoin and silk road culture, centering the example of the Ruri Hai (lazuli glass). 40637

14:45-15:15 | Room 501 (5F)

State Formation and International Relations in Ancient Japan (3rd to 7th Centuries) Akira Furuichi, Kobe University, Japan

The Japanese Archipelago received not only the influence of the cultures from the Chinese continent or Korean Peninsula, but also that of elements like Buddhism, which originated in the remote India. The present presentation will focus on the development of the Japanese national state from the 3rd to the 7th centuries, with an emphasis on specific and imported elements. During the second half of the 3rd century, a specific kind of tomb, with a square frontal part and round rear one (named kofun) appeared in the Kansai area, spreading from the southern part of the Tohoku area to the south of Kyushu. Starting from the existence of the monumental kofun-type tombs, there are views that emphasize the despotic character of Yamato; however, the tombs and the shared funerary rites simply indicate the existence of political alliances. The relationships between the central ruling group and the power-holding factions from various territories were unstable, and the power of the emperor was not that of an authoritarian ruler. In the beginning of the 6th century, a new royal line, with a much wider support than the previous rulers, started to promote the unification of society in Yamato. However, the rights and interests in the Korean Peninsula were gradually lost. The creation of an authoritarian power of the ruler of Yamato, and the introduction of such a governing system were greatly influenced by the Korean states. Moreover, Buddhism was used as a tool to unify the political system in the Yamato society.

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IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Session III 15:30-16:30 | Room 501 (5F) Roundtable Session Session Chair: Georges Depeyrot 15:30-16:30 | Room 501 (5F)

The Silk Road Ahead: Planning for Future Initiative Sessions and Events Joseph Haldane, IAFOR & Osaka University, Japan Ljiljana Markovic, University of Belgrade, Serbia Elena Mishieva, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation Georges Depeyrot, French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), France

This session will look at proposed SRI events for 2018/2019 and discuss possibilities for collaborative research projects and joint events under the Initiative.

Saturday Workshop Session 16:00-17:00 | Room 506 (5F) Workshop Presentation 40682

Around the Table: A Multicultural, Experiential Art Workshop Daphna Markman Zinemanas, Haifa University, Kibuzim College, Israel Peter Roux, Saga University & Kumamoto University, Japan

When first meeting people from a culture obviously different to our own, we tend to base the interaction on a personally constructed ‘theory’ regarding their “otherness”. Such personal “theories” include perceptions, ideas, emotions and experiences that have accumulated over years and are likely to include stereotypes or preconceived ideas. These factors, in turn, influence the engagement and are likely to shape the patterns of our subsequent interaction. In contrast, and regardless of certain cultural divides however, is the fact that food and nourishment remain central themes in the psychological development of individuals, families and cultures. This workshop invites participants to join a collaborative art project that uniquely draws on both the memories and stories of meaningful personal nourishment and the multi-cultural diversity between the participants to address the distance of “otherness” between us. Using techniques of guided imagination and providing all the materials in a comfortable environment, we invite participants to draw and share their experiences, memories and stories around receiving nourishment. This is a unique opportunity that brings together personal, cultural and crosscultural themes that will enable participants to express their personal cultural background, allowing them to connect with, and learn about, other cultures in an experiential manner. Through this engaging and emotive process, the activity also provides personal benefit to participants, and further activates additional potential to lower cultural barriers, decrease stereotyping and improve intercultural relations. Artistic talent is not required and we welcome one and all.

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Saturday Featured Speakers March 31, 2018

Yukari Yoshihara University of Tsukuba, Japan

Hajime Saito

University of Tsukuba, Japan

Shoso Shimbo RMIT University, Australia

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Hiromi Ochi

Hitotsubashi University, Japan

Jiyoung Kim

Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea

Panel Presentation: Yukari Yoshihara (Session Chair) Saturday, March 31 | 16:00-17:45 | Room 504 (5F)

Geopolitics of Literature in Cold War Asia Literary studies, Asian studies and Area Studies in Asia as we understand now were invented and created in ruins after the World War II and in Japan’s accelerated reindustrialization after the Korean War, when Japan was a vanguard of the Communist versus Capitalist cultural Cold War front line. There are substantial examinations in the ways how creative writing, institutionalized academic study in literature and literary / creative writing education in the United States, were heavily under the influence of Cold War politics. There are some noteworthy works on American cultural diplomacy with Asia during the Cold War (such as Matsuda, Soft Power and Its Perils), yet, as of now, literature and related fields have not received the due attention they deserve. To list, there were seven Japanese novelists and three Japanese critics that were invited to the USA on the Rockefeller Foundation fund between 1953 and 62, with the purpose of making them understand the “American way of life” and democratic values. Wallace Stegner, Stanford, initiated the Asian-American Literary Exchange (1949–54), and one of its achievements was an English translation of Yasunari Kawabata’s Snow Country, which won the Nobel Prize in 1967. Such cases indicate that it is vitally important to examine the geopolitical functions that literary creation, literary studies and translation had in the transpacific Cultural Cold War.

Presentations Seminar in the Ruins: The Salzburg Seminar and Its Significance in Cold War Cultural Diplomacy Hiromi Ochi, Hitotsubashi University, Japan Stephen Spender and Japanese Genbaku (Atomic) Poems in 1950s Hajime Saito, University of Tsukuba, Japan Hino Ashihei’s Amerika Tankenki and the U.S. Cultural Diplomacy during the Cold War Period Jiyoung Kim, Sungkyun Institute for Japanese Studies, Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea The First American Studies Seminars in Japan and George H. Kerr's Transpacific Career Yukari Yoshihara, University of Tsukuba, Japan

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Panel Presentation: Hiromi Ochi Saturday, March 31 | 16:00-17:45 | Room 504 (5F)

Seminar in the Ruins: The Salzburg Seminar and Its Significance in Cold War Cultural Diplomacy In 1947 the School for American Studies in Salzburg, Austria, was held. It later acquired ample funding from the Rockefeller Foundation to be continued for many years. Originally planned by Harvard University students who were concerned about the intellectual life of European people, the goal of the seminar was to promote “a free communication in ideas between Americans and Europeans,” which catered to the policy of Cold War cultural diplomacy that aimed to promote understanding between the United States and other countries. Prominent scholars from the United States, including F. O. Matthiessen, Alfred Kazin, Henry Nash Smith, Margaret Mead, and Talcott Parsons, taught and introduced “American Studies” to young scholars from the war-torn countries. The two Harvard scholars who participated in the first year, F. O. Matthiessen and Alfred Kazin, published their experiences the following year, with Kazin writing an article, “Seminar in the Ruins,” in an anti-Stalinist Commentary magazine, and Matthiessen, a book, From the Heart of Europe, echoing the policy of American cultural diplomacy. The Seminar, which attracted students from various European countries, functioned as a model vehicle for the dissemination of American Studies, and generated similar seminars and lectures by prominent American scholars, such as the Stanford-Tokyo American Studies Seminar. This paper explores how these seminars functioned in the “ruined” countries, how they in turn contributed to developing American Studies and determining what should be taught, and how they were instrumental in nurturing a certain state of mind, through an analysis of reports by the attendants and essays by the “teachers” including Kazin and Matthiessen.

Biography Hiromi Ochi is a professor in the Department of Commerce and Management at Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan. She is interested in the literature of the American South and Cold War cultural diplomacy. Her publications include: Modernism no Nanbuteki Shunkan: America Nanbu Shijin to Reisen (Southern Moment of Modernism: Southern Poets and the Cold War) (Kenkyusha, 2012) [in Japanese]; and “Democratic Bookshelf: American Libraries in Occupied Japan” in Pressing the Fight: Print, Propaganda, and the Cold War. Eds. Greg Barnhisel and Catherine Turner (University of Massachusetts Press, 2010) :89–11.

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Panel Presentation: Hajime Saito Saturday, March 31 | 16:00-17:45 | Room 504 (5F)

Stephen Spender and Japanese Genbaku (Atomic) Poems in 1950s An English poet, critic and editor of the “liberal” magazine Encounter, Stephen Spender was involved in the debate over Poems of Deadly Ashes (Shi No Hai Shishu). This was a 1954 anthology of Japanese poems written after the Lucky Dragon incident (1954) in which many Japanese fishermen were exposed to radiation due to the USA’s Castle Bravo (H-Bomb) operation in Bikini Atoll and one of them subsequently died. Interestingly, one of Spender’s Japanese friends told about the publication of the anthology, and he wrote an article entitled “War, Peace and Poetry” in which he expressed his sympathy for the Japanese contributors who created poems in response to the victim of the incident but asked them to control their desire to speak publicly about the incident. As Akio Nosaka (2017) points out, Spender’s essay was quickly translated into Japanese and the translation was published in several Japanese poetry magazines to be read widely among Japanese readers who were interested in the debate over Poems of Deadly Ashes. Nosaka’s article is indispensable in order to understand the relationships between Spender and those who welcomed his essay among Japanese society in 1950’s, but it is not sufficient particularly in terms of what Spender did think and write about poetry and politics in his longer essays and books. My presentation mainly focuses on his important post-war literary criticism The Creative Element (1953), translated into Japanese in 1956 and 1957, so as to clarify his ideas about (Japanese genbaku) poems and politics in the atomic age.

Biography Hajime Saito is an associate professor in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. He has been reading Joseph Conrad novels and also studying why many Japanese readers loved reading English literature when Japan was an empire. Now he focuses on the politics of English and American literary studies in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. His publications include: Teikoku Nihon no Eibungaku (English Literary Studies in Imperial Japan) (Jimbun Shoin, 2006) [in Japanese]; and "Embracing Hiroshima", Journal of East-West Thought, September 2016: 91–101.

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Panel Presentation: Jiyoung Kim Saturday, March 31 | 16:00-17:45 | Room 504 (5F)

Hino Ashihei’s Amerika Tankenki and the U.S. Cultural Diplomacy during the Cold War Period Hino Ashihei (1907–1960), one of the most popular Japanese writers during wartime, is well-known for a series of “soldier novels”. After receiving the Akutagawa Prize in 1937, he was relocated to the information corps to accompany Japanese army’s battle fronts in China and South Asia where he portrayed soldiers on the battlefield. His best-selling book, Mugi to Heitai (1938) sold over a million copies and was translated into several languages. Hino’s reputation, however, dramatically reversed when the war ended with Japan’s defeat. During the Allied Occupation period, Hino was accused of collaborating with Japan’s war efforts and was purged by the GHQ. Despite the lack of attention Hino’s postwar writings has received, his literary career in the 1950s is quite intriguing. He had traveled to India and China as a representative of Japanese literary circle to participate in the international interchanges among writers. Additionally, in 1958, he traveled across the United States for two months. What he did and saw in America is well described in his travel essay Amerika Tankenki (1959). Strikingly, in this essay, Hino clarifies that this visit was by invitation from the U.S. Department of State. What does this imply and what did it bring about in Hino’s literature? In the 1950s, the United States government, in cooperation with private foundations, was promoting cultural interchanges between the United States and Japan to counter the Communist influence. My presentation analyzes Hino’s visit to the USA together with Amerika Tankenki in the context of American cultural diplomacy during the Cold War period.

Biography Jiyoung Kim is a researcher in Sungkyun Institute for Japanese Studies at Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea. She has been working extensively on “America” in post-war Japanese literature. Her current research involves the study of the USA / Japan cultural Interchange in the Cold War period. Her publications include: "Post-Kowaki no Nichibei Bunka Koryu to Bungaku Kukan: Rockefeller Zaidan no Sosaku Fellowship o Shiza ni" (The U.S.–Japan cultural Interchange Program and Japanese Literary Scene in the Post-Peace Treaty Period: A Study of the Rockefeller Foundation's Creative Fellowship), America Taiheiyo Kenkyu, 2015 (in Japanese); “Agawa Hiroyuki ni okeru Genbaku no Shudai to America” (America in Agawa Hiroyuki's Writings about Hiroshima), Hikaku Bungaku Kenkyu, 2013 (in Japanese).

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Panel Presentation: Yukari Yoshihara Saturday, March 31 | 16:00-17:45 | Room 504 (5F)

The First American Studies Seminars in Japan and George H. Kerr's Transpacific Career George H. Kerr (1911–1992) is well known for his works on history of Taiwan under Japanese and then KMT domination (Formosa: Licensed Revolution and Home Rule Movement and Formosa Betrayed) and of Okinawa (Okinawa, the History of an Island People). However, the vital roles he performed in establishing Stanford-Tokyo University American Studies Seminars 81950–56) – the very first institutionalized American Studies as an area study in Japan, financially supported by the Rockefeller Foundation, are almost totally forgotten. American Studies as established in Cold War Japan was part of Cultural Cold War. Looking back on his student days in Japan in the late 1930s, Kerr recalls “the universities in pre-war Japan had virtually ignored the study of American history, institutions and traditional values, and that failure to understand the nature and structure of American society had had much to do with the events precipitating war.” Significantly, Kerr conceives of Stanford-Tokyo American Studies Seminars as a preventive means against expected anti-American movement after the end of American occupation: “in time the military Occupation and the hardships of economic rehabilitation would probably generate a strong reaction and a bitter anti-American movement should not be unexpected.” Institutionalizing American Studies in Cold War Japan was heavily political. This presentation aims at situating Kerr’s involvement in Stanford-Tokyo University American Studies Seminar in the context of Japan – United States cultural diplomacy in the 1930s–1960s.

Biography Yukari Yoshihara is an associate professor at the University of Tsukuba, Japan. Her publications include “Toward Reciprocal Legitimation between Shakespeare’s Works and Manga” (2016), “Tacky Shakespeares in Japan” (2013), “The First Japanese Adaptation of Othello” (1903) and “Japanese Colonialism” (2012), and the “Introduction” to English Studies in Asia (2007). Her current project is on Anglophone literature in Cold War Asia.

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Featured Presentation: Shoso Shimbo Saturday, March 31 | 18:00-18:30 | Grand Salon (3F)

Ikebana Workshop The ongoing destruction of our environment by man-made pollution continues to push the world toward catastrophic consequences. The roots of some of these problems are often traced to the rise of Western modernity as well as the Western attitude to nature, where nature is objectified and exploited as a resource. In response, we are seeing the emergence of an eco-centric perspective in contemporary art. Environmental artists have been using various approaches from focusing on raising awareness to searching for solutions or setting out a plan for social transformation. Some of them have noted that certain non-Western cultures could inform a valuable shift in aesthetic experience. In many Indigenous cultures, nature often centres the members of a group by providing boundaries of behaviour, as well as access to sacred realms of enlightenment. While the idealisation of Indigenous cultures has been condemned, embracing them in art practice has generated not only fasciation (e.g. Hayao Miyazaki & Haruki Murakami) but also effective preservation of nature. Can ikebana, as an art form with its origin in ancient Japan, provide any insights for contemporary environmental artists in their efforts to transform values and aesthetic sensibility? In the 16th century, ikebana was defined as the symbolic representation of nature. It developed into an art form encompassing spiritual training in the pursuit of the harmonious coexistence of human beings and nature, regarding humans as part of nature. However, the ikebana reform movement in 1930’s under the influence of the Western modernism declared ikebana to be only a form of art. Contemporary ikebana is still under the influence of that reformation, but a re-examination of the traditional values of ikebana might bring it into line with the aims of environmental art.

Biography Dr Shoso Shimbo is a certified teacher of Ikebana and has 30 years experience in Ikebana. Shoso was selected by Belle magazine as one of six “Australia’s top floral designers” and has won multiple awards including the Gold Award at the Melbourne International Flower & Garden Show. His works were selected for the prestigious publication, International Floral Art (Stichting Kunstboek) in the 2014/2015 & 2016/2017 editions. His sculptural works have been featured in some of the nation’s major contemporary art exhibitions. His recent commissions includes a public work of art for the Archibald Award Exhibition 2015 at the Art Gallery of Ballarat and the Wye River project as a part of the Lorne Sculpture 2016. Shoso has an MA in Japanese Studies, a Master of Fine Art and PhD in Education. He is also qualified as a garden designer. He is a director of International Society of Ikebana Studies and he teaches “Japanese Aesthetics: From Ikebana to Contemporary Art” at RMIT University Short Courses. 70 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

Conference Welcome Reception Saturday, March 31 | 17:45-19:00 | Grand Salon (3F) Join fellow delegates for a drink or two at the Conference Welcome Reception. This event provides a great opportunity for delegates to network and get to know each other. All registered presenters and audience members are welcome to attend. Admission is included in the conference registration fee.

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THINK.IAFOR.ORG THE ACADEMIC PLATFORM THINK.IAFOR.ORG is IAFOR’s online magazine, launched in early 2016. THINK is an ambitious project conceived by academics, for academics, with the following objectives: To provide an international, far-reaching platform for the best research presented at IAFOR conferences; To make original, high-quality, thought-provoking multimedia content freely accessible to a wide readership; To facilitate the opportunity for academics to step outside of the traditional research publishing status quo – to get creative, explore different disciplines and to have their ideas heard, shared and discussed by a diverse, global academic audience. Content published on THINK spans a wide variety of disciplines and the format is varied, encompassing full research papers, long-form journalism, opinion pieces, creative writing, interviews, podcasts, video, photography, artwork and more. Current contributing authors include leading academics such as Professor Svetlana Ter-Minasova, Professor A. Robert Lee, Professor Bill Ashcroft and Professor J. A. A. Stockwin. Get involved by visiting the website, following us on Facebook and Twitter and signing up to our e-newsletter. facebook.com/ThinkIAFOR twitter.com/ThinkIAFOR

SUBMIT TO THINK We are currently accepting submissions for publication in 2018. We welcome photographs to accompany articles, as well as topical photo-essays. Submissions should be between 500 and 2,500 words and sent to publications@iafor.org. Please include “THINK submission” in the subject line.

Sunday April 1 08:30-09:00

Coffee, Tea and Pastries | Room 504 (5F)

09:00-10:00

Conference Poster Session | Room 504 (5F)

09:00-10:00

Workshop Session | Room 506 (5F)

10:00-12:00

Featured Symposium Presentation | Prokofiev Hall (2F) Recentering English and the Humanities in the Asian University in the 21st Century

12:00-13:00

Lunch Break | Mame no Hatake

13:00-14:30

Parallel Session I

14:30-14:45

Coffee Break | Room 504 (5F)

14:45-16:45

Parallel Session II

16:45-17:00

Closing Remarks | Room 504 (5F)

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Sunday Poster Session 09:00-10:00 | Room 504 (5F)

38481 | Room 504 (5F)

Using Augmented Reality Enriching Aesthetic Education on Montue Yu-Wei Yu, National Taipei University of Education, Taiwan Chun-Di Chen, National Taipei University of Education, Taiwan

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of an emerging technology called augmented reality (AR) to teach aesthetics and to enrich the aesthetic education. This study applied two core values of visual perception (texture and proportion) into two exhibits which are displayed in MoNTUE (Museum of the National Taipei University of Education). Research materials include four texture AR 3D models (plaster, bronze, rattan, and mosaic) and four head-body ratio AR 3D models (1:3, 1:5, 1:7, and 1:9). Subjects were 16 art class students in high school. Before interviewing, the subjects were asked to fill out a questionnaire which elicited information concerning their experiences about using AR materials. To address this issue, the interview transcriptions were analyzed and classified regarding six themes of aesthetic learning experience suggested by Uhrmacher (2009). Findings revealed that students engaged in the aesthetic topic and built up their own experiences by using AR materials. It provided the sensory experiences and the emotional and intellectual connections to aesthetics topic. By comparing different texture and proportion of AR 3D models, students expressed their feelings and shared their opinions with others. AR can stimulate viewer’s thinking, broaden one’s horizons, and enrich aesthetic education as an aesthetic learning platform. 38979 | Room 504 (5F)

The Relations and Exchanges Between the Chinese Communist Party and Japanese Leftists in the Early Phase of the Cultural Revolution Wei-Li Wu, Taipei University of Marine Technology, Taiwan

After the war, there were no formal diplomatic relations between China and Japan, but economic and other exchanges still continued in the form of “people’s diplomacy.” Despite the interruption in the period of Nobusuke Kishi, their relations were soon resumed. With the beginning of the Cultural Revolution in 1966, most normal exchanges came to a halt in face of the upsurge of the ideology of “revolutionary diplomacy,” and China only retained its exchanges with the pro-China leftists in Japan. As Japan came under the influence of the thought tide of the Cultural Revolution, internal dissension arose among the leftists in Japan, and the new left that emerged by taking advantage of the situation then spawned social turmoil. Although extreme leftist thought tide gradually subsided after the establishment of SinoJapanese diplomatic relations in 1972, the above history remains obscure or blank as a result of the “Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party” after the Cultural Revolution. Thus, it is the intention of this paper to study and fill the gap in the history of this period. This study employs the “historical method” and “document analysis”, with a view to reconstructing the history of the relations between the Chinese Communist Party and Japanese leftists in the early phase of the Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1971, from which lessons could be drawn for future Sino-Japanese relations. 39133 | Room 504 (5F)

Product Types and Consumers' Culture: An Empirical Examination in Taiwan Yen Hsu, Tatung University, Taiwan

Firms must understand consumer culture to design and develop products that meet consumer expectations. When provided with various innovative consumer electronics, consumers make purchase or replacement decisions by referring to their experiences with an existing product, the effects of mental accounting induced by such products, the features of new products, and the marginal benefits from purchasing a new product in the Taiwan market. Survey and statistical analyses of a sample of consumer electronics products (i.e., smartphones and notebooks) produced the following results: First, when faced with multiple new product choices, consumers make different replacement and purchase (RP) decisions. Consumers are more likely to choose products with general enhancements than products with focused enhancements when provided with both options. However, when consumers decide whether to purchase products with alignable enhancements or those with non-alignable enhancements, their choice depends on the product type. Second, regardless of the type of new products that enterprises release, consumers perceive a larger difference in expected future enjoyment (DEFE) between existing and new products, higher mental book value (MBV) and higher RP intentions when enterprises withdraw old-generation products while launching new-generation products. 39138 | Room 504 (5F)

Consumer Purchase Behaviors in Relation to Distinct Cultural Factors and Product Enhancement Type Yen Hsu, Tatung University, Taiwan Yih-Ching Guo, Tatung University, Taiwan

In world market competition, modern enterprises must cater for Eastern and Western consumers with distinct cultures. Cultural factors influence customers’ purchase decision behaviors. From a consumer perspective, the most significant trait of a new product relative to its older counterpart is the difference between the two. From a business perspective, the innovation of products to meet consumer preferences is a crucial topic. This study surveyed 400 respondents and analyzed the impacts of cultural factor variables such as “selfconstrual,” “regulatory focus,” and “product enhancement type” (PET) on consumers’ “replacement and purchase” (RP) behaviors. The mediating variables were “difference in enjoyment” and “mental book value”. The following findings were obtained: An analysis of the self-construal type of respondents with distinct cultural characteristics under differing PETs revealed that respondents with independent self-construal were prone to RP behavior. PET analysis showed that the RP decisions of respondents with distinct cultural characteristics were inclined toward general enhancement (GE). When the type of PET was GE, regardless of the self-construal type, respondents with the regulatory focus trait were more prone RP behavior. In addition to compensating for the lack of studies on applying self-construal and self-regulatory focus theories to Asian markets, the findings of this study can serve as a reference for businesses in enabling them to properly plan product launching and market strategies in accordance with East Asian consumer preferences and cultural factors, thereby enhancing the quality of product development and design.

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Sunday Poster Session 09:00-10:00 | Room 504 (5F)

39449 | Room 504 (5F)

Recentring: Is the Hybridisation of Culture Detrimental?

Lauren Quinn, Queensland Department of Education and Training, Australia The globalisation and transnationalism permeating modern society has resulted in the removal of discrete national boundaries. Asian nations’ cultures are not immune; hybridisation of Western and Asian culture is a consequence of globalisation. In some Asian countries, the prevailing discourses of Western humanism have effectively combined with Asian values, goals and traditions, creating a uniquely hybridised culture; others find this assimilation challenging. The large disparity between these two outcomes has driven this research project. My research findings indicate that academics and everyday citizens agree that interactions between Western and Asian cultures have inherent negative connotations and consequences, as the chosen case studies of Japan and China are grappling with similar challenges as Western societies. Further, my research reflects that Japan’s infatuation with Western popular culture stems primarily from the Meiji Restoration, while the ongoing marketisation of China’s economy led to a Western popular culture invasion. By researching the relationship between the influx of Western culture in Japan and China and how this creates cultural hybridisation, it becomes evident that some major Asian cultures thrive on this fusion, while others view it as detrimental to their indigenous culture’s survival. Western cultural elements have saturated Japanese and Chinese culture at varying degrees and rates, dependent upon how receptive these nations are to this phenomenon. My research reflects that Japan has positively adapted to the cultural hybrids created by active engagement in a globalised world, while China considers this phenomenon as socially, politically and ideologically damaging to its socialist traditions. 39597 | Room 504 (5F)

A Heuristic Approach to the Bike Repositioning Problem Peng-Sheng You, National Chiayi University, Taiwan Ta-Cheng Chen, Asia University, Taiwan

Bike rental system usually provide customers the service of picking up bikes from one bike station and returning them at a different one. This service is convenient for customers. However, it may result in bike imbalance when there is gap between rentals and returns. That is, rental system may run the risk of lost sales at stations with relatively high demand and idle bikes at stations with relatively low demand. This paper proposed a constrained mathematical programming model to deal with this problem. The purpose is to minimize the total costs of unmet rentals and returns over a planning horizon by determining bike repositions and the vehicle routing schedule for bike transports. Since the proposed model belongs to the NP-hard problem, this paper developed a heuristic approach to solve the model. The proposed model and solution were applied to investigate a real case in Taiwan. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to investigate the effects of various system parameter values. 39686 | Room 504 (5F)

Design of Guiding Lines for a Tactile Map for a Campus in Taiwan Hsu-Ting Wei, Tatung University, Taiwan Yung-Hsiang Tu, Tatung University, Taiwan

This pilot study aimed at the evaluation of three different designs of guiding lines, ruler-lines, dot-lines, and tangent-lines, for a tactile floor map for possible use in the campus of Tatung University. There were 14 visually impaired persons (VIPs), 11 males and 3 females, with mean age of 39.6 years touched these three tactile floor maps with different guiding line on it. The experiment task was to reach a specific room from a start point by the use of their dominant index finger. An ANOVA reveals that the completion time among those three designs show no significant difference. It hints that three designs are all strike enough for those participants. Our research team is currently designing other possible designs in order to get the faster and more favorite design for VIPs. 39761 | Room 504 (5F)

A Contrast Emotion Design Model on Synchronic Product Use Yung-Chin Tsao, Tatung University, Taiwan Jia-De Cheng, Tatung University, Taiwan Qian Huang, Tatung University, Taiwan

The moment when consumers are using the product, it usually generates multiple and complicated emotions. If it is contract emotion that is generated, consumers usually feel novel and original, give a deep impression and further like to use it. The research tries to explore the possibility to apply the contract emotion generated during the process of using “synchronic” to design to products. At first, we investigate the cases involving with synchronic contract emotions. Then we sum up the conceptual structure of synchronic contract emotion through cluster analysis. In the end, we use the design for lightening as an example to unfold design transition focusing on the sub-concepts for 4 kinds of contract emotions “still not satisfied”, “accidents happen”, “being betrayed” and “beyond the expectation”. There are 12 items that are with contract emotions designed. 39816 | Room 504 (5F)

A Study of the Implementation of the Guidance Policy for New Immigrants of Southeast Asia Before Entering Taiwan Yu-Ju Chang, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan

At present, there are nearly one million immigrants in Taiwan. From January 1987 to the end of May 2016, there were 523,997 spouses of both foreign and mainland Hong Kong and Macao regions. Feeling the demand of new and new residents, in order to create a multicultural society, the Ministry of Interior, Taiwan (2003) sets the "Guidance Measures for Spouses of Foreign Countries and Mainland China" which renamed as “New Immigrants Care Service Measures” in 2016. In order to strengthen overseas care for new immigrants, the Ministry of the Interior has established a strategic alliance with Embassy in Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam from December 2005. Foreign spouses who have passed the marriage interviews must accept guidance measures including group seminars, individual consultations to explain national conditions, cultural customs, immigration laws & regulations and relevant rights and obligations information to shorten the adaptation period for foreign spouses to come to Taiwan. This study analyzed guidance measures hel in five embassies and gave some suggestions.

#IAFOR | ACAH2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 75

Sunday Poster Session 09:00-10:00 | Room 504 (5F)

39890 | Room 504 (5F)

The Development of Actuality and Future of English Literature Studies in China Tianyuan Zhu, Yonsei University, South Korea

This paper introduces the contemporary English literature studies in China from 1980s to the present, and forecasts its trend in the future decades. English literature studies in China are featured over time because the development of literature is influenced by social culture. In recent years, classical English literature studies are as steady as before in China, whereas modern English literature studies increase greatly. The theories can be proved by the number of related works in different times. From the year 1980 to the following decade, the types of English literature studies in China are mostly literary criticism about classical English novels. Representative works includes Zhu Hong’s A Treaties on English Literature (1984) and Shi Xianrong’s West Wind and Rank Grass: English Literature Studies (1986). Since China opens up more gates to western culture in the beginning of the 21st century, people pay more attention to the contemporary western literature and overseas students in western countries. It’s undeniable that the studies related to these fields increased since then. However, studies on classical works are still steady; the representative works include Cheng Aimin’s Studies in 20th English Literature (2002), and Research on Fielding. In addition, modern and multicultural representative works include Ding Yun’s A New Vision of English Literature Studies (2005), and Lin Jing’s The Death Philosopher of English Literary Masters. It is thus clear that the research direction of English literature studies in China would be multicultural in the future and modern English literature studies will lead deeper discussions. 39961 | Room 504 (5F)

A Life Story of a Senior High School Teacher in Taiwan Chousung Yang, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan

Through narrative analysis approach, this research aims at giving an account of the life stories of a senior physics teacher. The purposes of this research include: 1) Understanding the life stories of teacher M and make a descriptive record of the important events in his odyssey; 2) Interpreting identification, self-realization, and transcendence of teacher M’s life experiences through comprehending these stories; and 3) One’s education work can be guided and supported by means of teacher M’s sharing of his education experience. The data resource of the research is mainly from open-ended interviews, and the life stories that have important meaning to the research object are extensively collected. Through the narration of the research object, on top of the researcher’s observation during interview and field research, as well as relevant document analysis, the researcher can comprehend and interpret the life story of the research object. The result of the research is illustrated as the following: 1) Teacher M’s pursuit and achievement in education career is result from the compensation and transcendence of his inferior feelings; 2) The identity pursued by teacher Mu is highly based on the connection with important others in his life, including female characters such as mother, mother-in-law and wife; male characters as brothers, relatives and the elders and a model character, namely teacher M’s second older brother; and 3) The education work that teacher Mu has been done for more than forty years is also a field for conveying the meaning of his life. 40510 | Room 504 (5F)

Exploration and Sustainability: Environmental Science in Life Ying Ying Yang, Taichung Municipal Hui-Wen High School, Taiwan Chien Fang Chen, Taichung Municipal Hui-Wen High School, Taiwan Hui Hsiang Lin, Taichung Municipal Hui-Wen High School, Taiwan Wei Fan Chen, Taichung Municipal Hui-Wen High School, Taiwan Chih Nan Chen, Taichung Municipal Hui-Wen High School, Taiwan

For the purpose of increasing students’ interest in learning and cultivating an attitude of inquiring science, we adopt a collaborative learning approach – Team Teaching in our curriculum, which means the course is designed by different professional fields, including Mathematics, Astronomy, Information system and Biology, and so on. In class, the students will first learn the detection and analysis of environmental factors by using webduino and various kinds of environmental sensors. After that, they will combine the experiments which are designed by the apparatus with some environmental issues in Earth Science and Biology to acquire the data of environmental factors. The final step is to analyze and summarize those data by using statistics analysis. Through the course, students can realize the reason of environmental change after collecting the data, and can learn to find out the factors which are affecting the environment as well. Our curriculum goal is to educate the spirit of scientific research. We not only teach our students present their discovery from the experiments in each group but more importantly, enable them learning by doing. 40541 | Room 504 (5F)

Revealing Psychological Condition by Drawing Mandala Monty P Satiadarma, Tarumanagara University, Indonesia Untung Subroto Darmawan, Tarumanagara University, Indonesia

Mandala has been used by Tibetan monks for meditative art expression containing the philosophy of the circle of nature. In recent years, mandala also being used in art therapy for assessment and therapeutic device. Mandala basically means a circle. In art therapy, when a person creates mandala, whether by drawing or painting as well as sculpting, he or she is expressing the self into a projective materials such as pencils on papers or paintings on canvases. More than a hundred students of psychology participated in mandala drawings to explore their psychological conditions over a period of a month. The result indicates there are constant form of expression revealing the characteristics of their personalities and there are various forms revealing their psychological conditions at present. This paper discusses about the mandala expressions that reveal psychological conditions of the students.

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Sunday Poster Session 09:00-10:00 | Room 504 (5F)

40624 | Room 504 (5F)

Analysis of Rodong Sinmun Articles on the Issue of Food Shortage and International Society's Aid to North Korea Hyerang Park, Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea Sujin Hwang, Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea Hyunchul Kim, Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea

According to a United Nations agency report, North Korea is suffering its worst drought raising fears of worsening food shortages after the mid 1990s. Although there have been many studies on the necessity and effect of food aid to North Korea, no research has been conducted on the North Korean media coverage about the food shortages and food aid to the North Korea. The purpose of this study is to analyze Rodong Sinmun (an official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of North Korea), and investigate perceptions of North Korean people about its food problems and information distribution of international food supports in the period from 1980 to 2000. The results of this study showed that food problems were most frequently reported in the early 1980s and late 1990s. In the early 1980s, North Korea's aid for food shortages caused by flood damage in South Korea was dominantly reported. In the late 1990s, many articles were published encouraging the cultivation of potatoes as solutions to their own food problems. And there was very little coverage of international food supports. 40695 | Room 504 (5F)

Traditional Taiwan Perspectives on Facial Aesthetics and Beauty Li-Ying Lin, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Taiwan Shang-Chia Chiou, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan

This paper explores traditional Taiwan perspectives on facial aesthetics and beauty. This research explored the aesthetic culture of “white as beauty,” by investigating the custom of facial threading. A literature review and a field study were conducted to analyze the concept and symbolism of “white as beauty.” The study’s three main findings were 1) that white facial skin represents feminine beauty, because red and white cheeks in contrast with a light and dark complexion trigger a tactile as well as a visual sensation; 2) that the practice of facial threading transformed traditional knowledge, values, and emotions into realistic action; and 3) that the inter-generational practice of facial threading elevated the aesthetic value inherent in white skin into a symbol of feminine purity and life-long harmony. This research analyzed the aesthetic nature of a beautiful visage, and provided a cultural context for the aesthetic values of traditional females in Taiwan.

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Sunday Workshop Session 09:00-10:00 | Room 506 (5F) Workshop Presentation 40722

09:00-10:00 | Room 506 (5F)

Decentering Poetic Form and Imagination: How Not to Write Sijo Loren Goodman, Yonsei University, South Korea

As haiku proponents currently advocate for the inclusion of their poetic art form as a part of UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage, there is no question that haiku enjoys immense (and well-deserved) popularity worldwide, having transcended any “Japanese monopoly,” capturing and pervasively influencing the Western literary imagination through figures such as R.H. Blyth, Ezra Pound, and the Beat Poets. Conversely, the sijo (pronounced “shijo”) – a similar poetic form with an even longer history – remains largely unrecognized outside Korea. Central to this workshop is the concept of play. Perhaps even the strictest of formal poetic structures should not be viewed as obstacles, but as essential elements of the playing field (hence Frost’s injunction about free verse as “tennis without a net”). By the same token, rather than aim for the center in satisfying the poem’s formal requirements, we might explore the periphery with an openness to compromise, failure and fortuitous mistakes – all of which could result in the production of valuable poetic content – and even new forms. The workshop will open with a brief introduction to the historical, cultural and structural features of sijo, along with some comparison and contrast with haiku. This will be followed by presentation of a variety of strategies for composing sijo in English (other languages also welcome), along with (1) consideration of their successes and shortcomings; and (2) reconsideration (de-centering/de-ranging) of the concept of poetic form itself. Participants will then compose and recite their own original sijo. This workshop is intended for all audiences.

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Sunday Featured Speakers April 1, 2018

Steve Clark

John W P Phillips

University of Tokyo, Japan

National University of Singapore, Singapore

Michael O’Sullivan

L. Ashley Squires

The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

New Economic School, Russia

Myles Chilton Nihon University, Japan

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Panel Presentation: Steve Clark (Session Chair) Sunday, April 1 | 10:00-12:00 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

Recentering English and the Humanities in the Asian University in the 21st Century Professor Yoshihara’s panel sought to situate the practice of English-learning, and by extension the institutional model of Asian university, in the broader context of Cold War politics. We hope to continue this discussion by examining how in the post-Cold War period (1990– ), English has increasingly established itself as a global (and therefore Asian) language, and considering ways in which the humanities may be regarded not as an obsolete importation from the Western academy but as a continually relevant site of disciplinary contestation and opportunity.

Biography Dr Steve Clark is a professor in the Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, and in the Department of English Language and Literature, University of Tokyo, Japan. He received both a BA and PhD from the University of Cambridge, then was a British Academy postdoc and fellow of the School of Advanced Studies at the University of London, UK. He taught at Osaka and Nara before moving to the University of Tokyo. His many publications include Paul Ricoeur (Routledge, 1990), Travel-Writing and Empire (ZED, 1999), Reception of Blake in the Orient (Continuum, 2006), and Asian Crossings: Travel-Writing on China, Japan and South-East Asia (Hong Kong University Press, 2008). His most recent book, co-edited with Tristanne Connolly, is British Romanticism in a European Perspective (Palgrave 2015). He has also written a number of articles in peer-reviewed journals, as well as reviews for such publications as the Times Literary Supplement. He has either organised or co-organised conferences in both Japan and the United Kingdom, including the recent Romantic Connections and Pacific Gateways conferences, both at the University of Tokyo.

Presentations Literature in the Age of Technological Disruption John W P Phillips, National University of Singapore, Singapore Identifying and Re-defining Conceptual Frames in the Intercultural Humanities Michael O’Sullivan, Chinese University of Hong Kong The Canon Zoomed Out: Big Data and the Worlding of American Literature L. Ashley Squires, New Economic School, Moscow Global English’s Centers of Consecration Myles Chilton, Nihon University, Japan 80 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

Panel Presentation: John W P Phillips Sunday, April 1 | 10:00-12:00 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

Literature in the Age of Technological Disruption A recent calculation suggests that it will take no more than three years to train workers, including professionals, managers, executives, and technicians (PMETs) in preparation for vertiginous career shifts, when their skills are displaced by the demands of the future, as forecasters assure us will happen. One new field, indeed, involves compiling and computing data on company investments, to predict the jobs that these investments will create. Various departments of future skills and training have begun to work with universities in creating modules designed to prepare workers for this critically uncertain future job market. At the same time, independent agencies are employed by the universities to provide modules that prepare students for future readiness, and which supplement the turn, already underway in the arts and humanities, towards applied learning, skills based education, and the instrumental and vocational training that ministries of education prefer in face of the challenge of the future. While available funding for humanities doctoral programmes shrinks a little more each year, funds are awarded instead to innovative projects that rethink the classical MA programme in future ready mode, or that explore existing pedagogic resources on the internet for the possibilities of fruitful parasitism within a department programme. One might think that under these changing conditions the disciplines of the arts and humanities are once again under fire, in danger of dissolution, the humanities in Asia mutating beyond sustainable development. But the theme of lifelong learning, the introduction all over Asia (certainly in Singapore and China) of liberal arts based programmes, the continuing progress and growth of performance studies, fine art, and literature, offer a different picture. Literary theory, whose pyrrhic victory in the global university rendered it almost worthless as a critical force for many years, is currently revealed as a powerful analytic vehicle for dealing with the current situation. I will begin by identifying two connected trends: defensive strategies against the threat of future technical disruption; and relocation of funding within the humanities. Beyond the so called digital humanities, a critical media theory marked by its historical understanding of languages and algorithms, and with roots in classical critical theory, can take up the challenge typically assigned to the university, especially when called upon to recenter itself in an Asian context to an age uniquely dominated by disruptive technologies and unsettling economic exigencies.

Biography Dr John W P Phillips teaches in the Department of English Language and Literature at the National University of Singapore. He has published on aesthetics, critical theory, deconstruction, linguistics, literature, military technology, philosophy, postcolonialism, psychoanalysis, and urbanism. He is author of Contested Knowledge: A Guide to Critical Theory, co-author of Modernist Avant-Garde Aesthetics and Contemporary Military Technology: Technicities of Perception. He is co-editor of several volumes, including: Postcolonial Urbanism: Southeast Asian Cities and Global Processes; Beyond Description: Space, Historicity, Singapore; and The New Encyclopaedia Project, Volume I, Problematizing Global Knowledge (2006), and Volume II, Megacities (2011). Among recent activities, he is editor of Derrida Now (Edinburgh University Press, 2015). #IAFOR | ACAH2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 81

Panel Presentation: Michael O’Sullivan Sunday, April 1 | 10:00-12:00 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

Identifying and Re-defining Conceptual Frames in the Intercultural Humanities How are we to understand the humanities – a field that more than any other must be mindful of differences – within global university strategies and systems of evaluation that rank universities according to criteria that lead to ever greater homogeneity? The process requires an openness to the difference of Asian humanities, a field that for Leo Ou-Fan Lee must have “Asian humanistic scholars” and “all humanistic scholars interested in Asia” re-examining and redefining Western philosophical theory (2010). Jana S. Rosker (2016) argues that intercultural research that includes Chinese philosophy must involve the “intercultural relativisation of the contents based on specific requirements of research in the Chinese philosophical tradition.” With these arguments in mind, this paper explores how forty years after Said’s Orientalism, recentering English and the humanities can only take place through a glass darkly, or through an Asian-centered prism where a degree of “westernism” is par for the course where scholars must begin to more readily reach for their Dao over their Derrida and their Fung Yu-Lan over their Foucault. Any re-centering if such a move is ever still imaginable can explore new conceptual frames of the intercultural humanities such notions as weakness, individualism and loneliness. One might also argue that the recognised increased economic and political power of China has not been matched by redefinition of Asian academic discourses, schools and practices in terms of intellectual and pedagogic traditions of the historically dominant culture of these regions.

Biography Michael O’Sullivan is an associate professor in the Department of English at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He has worked in universities in Ireland, the UK, America, Japan and Hong Kong. He has published widely in the humanities and in the fields of literature, philosophy and education studies. His publications include The Humanities and the Irish University: Anomalies and Opportunities (Manchester UP, 2014); The Humanities in Contemporary Chinese Contexts (Springer, 2016; with Evelyn Chan); The Future of English in Asia (Routledge 2014; with Carmen Lee and David Huddart); Academic Barbarism, Universities and Inequality (Palgrave, 2016); Irish Expatriatism, Language and Literature: The Problem of English (Palgrave, 2018).

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Panel Presentation: L. Ashley Squires Sunday, April 1 | 10:00-12:00 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

The Canon Zoomed Out: Big Data and the Worlding of American Literature Reconfiguring our understanding of a literary canon around patterns and histories of reception rather than production, runs almost immediately into immense problems of scale and specificity. Scholars around the world may possess a keen understanding of how the canon is understood and taught in their particular locale, but scholarly gestures toward a shared global canon have always been necessarily speculative and provisional. I would suggest that big data analytics can help with this problem under the aegis of a reception-oriented turn by offering a view of his literature travels. This presentation will feature my analysis of Google Trends data – a tool that allows us to compare patterns of search engine enquiries across regions and languages – on texts and authors represented in the Norton Anthology of American Literature. The main scholarly project of the field of American literature for much of the twenty-first century has, after all been to transcend national boundaries and situate itself more squarely in world literature, but these efforts have been mostly production focused and have rarely acknowledged that American literature as it is taught in the academy in the United States may not be what is recognised as the core of the American canon elsewhere. This data-driven approach allows me to examine what this looks like from elsewhere, to find localized canons of American literature outside of the United States that have been shaped by local and regional concerns about aesthetics, culture and politics. Some American texts are truly “worldly” in that they are popular across a broad span of the globe, and texts that are truly migratory but they are not the ones that we might expect or wish. Furthermore, some American texts are essentially migratory in that the center of interest in that text or its author has genuinely moved beyond the national borders of the United States.

Biography Dr Ashley Squires is an Assistant Professor of Humanities at the New Economic School in Moscow, Russian Federation. Her prior research covers the intersections of American literary and religious history and the medical humanities, with a particular focus on the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Her current work brings the digital humanities to bear on the reception of American literature outside of the United States and on the reception of naturalist authors in the former Soviet Union. She is the author of Healing the Nation: Literature, Progress, and Christian Science, published by Indiana University Press in 2017, and articles appearing in Book History, Studies in the Novel, and American Literary Realism. #IAFOR | ACAH2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 83

Panel Presentation: Myles Chilton Sunday, April 1 | 10:00-12:00 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

Global English’s Centers of Consecration If you studied English in the Anglophone center, you probably learned the following: That postcolonial studies gave the first sustained arguments for seeing English literary studies against the legacies of Anglo-American canonical, critical, theoretical and ideological. They revealed how English literary studies produced a cultural formation detached from material reality and other modes of determination, while also seeking to overcome a Manichean view of the inheritance of empire through understanding the specific contexts where colonial economies and power relations shaped a middle class that sought an education in English as part of its autonomous self-definition. You might also have learned how world literature then took up the challenge, imagining a multi-centered discipline circulating in a web of collusion, collision and comparative aesthetics. Global English responded to this polycentrism by further complicating the colonial-postcolonial dynamic and challenging the assumption of Anglophone dominance over the whole diverse world of English-speakers. But out here beyond the center, learning how to recenter the discipline means learning anew the political dimensions of aesthetic response. Anglo-American identities cloak both “native” faculty and the discipline itself, rendering calls for political consciousness, agency and responsibility – even those contained in the oblique, supposedly neutral act of textual criticism – calls for a radical re-thinking of the priorities of the humanities in an Asian context.

Biography Dr Myles Chilton (BA University of Toronto; MA and PhD University of Chicago) is a Professor in the Department of English Language and Literature at Nihon University. Originally from Toronto, Canada, Chilton has been in Japan for over twenty years, writing about relationships between contemporary world literature and global cities in Literary Cartographies: Spatiality, Representation, and Narrative (Palgrave Macmillan 2014), and in such journals as Comparative Critical Studies, The Journal of Narrative Theory, and Studies in the Literary Imagination. He also focuses on global English and literary studies in the monograph English Studies Beyond the ‘Center’: Teaching Literature and the Future of Global English (Routledge 2016); and in chapters in the books The Future of English in Asia: Perspectives on Language and Literature (Routledge 2015), Deterritorializing Practices in Literary Studies (Contornos 2014), and World Literature and the Politics of the Minority (Rawat 2013). Chilton has also presented papers on these and other topics at universities around the world. He is also on the editorial board of the IAFOR Journal of Literature and Librarianship.

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Sunday Session I

13:00-14:30 | Room 501 (5F) Teaching and Learning Session Chair: Mei-Hui Chang 39461

13:00-13:30 | Room 501 (5F)

Enhancing Network Safety Knowledge and Skills Among School Teachers in Taiwan Wen Yen Chiu, National Chiayi University, Taiwan Hsuan-Fu Ho, National Chiayi University, Taiwan

Driven by information technological progress in the past decades, network has been widely used by school members in the campus to integrate teaching, learning, entertainment, and management together. Although network has become one of the most important infrastructures for schools, many serious security problems have been identified: unlawful intrusions, hacker break-ins and so on. In order to address the network security vulnerability problems, it is crucial to enhance the network safety knowledge and skills among teachers. This research is thus aimed to identify the major network safety knowledge and skills that have to be acquired by school teachers, to examine current level of network safety knowledge and skills possessed by school teachers, and to investigate the variation on network safety knowledge and skill levels among school teachers with different demographic backgrounds. A selfdeveloped questionnaire was administered to 100 elementary school teachers, and based on the research findings, some practical recommendations are made to improve the school network safety. 39496

13:30-14:00 | Room 501 (5F)

The Relationship Between Emotional Labor and Work Stress Perceived by School Administrators in Taiwan Ying-Lun Tseng, National Chiayi University, Taiwan Shan-Hua Chen, National Chiayi University, Taiwan

Emotional labor is the process of managing feelings so as to develop visible expressions to conform to the expectations of a certain career. Teaching profession requests high emotional labors to successfully teach students, communicate with parents, interact with colleagues, and show respect to school leaders, and so on, accordingly, it is widely perceived that teachers not only have to possess outstanding professional knowledge but also sound emotional management abilities. This research is thus aimed to identify the major strategies of developing emotional labor in schools, to determine the current degree of emotional labor possessed by school administrators, and to investigate the relationships between school administrators’ emotional labor and their work stress. A selfdeveloped questionnaire was adopted as the major instrument for data collection, and the questionnaire was delivered to 100 school administrators in junior high schools in Taiwan. Based on the research findings, some practical suggestions were provided for school administrators to further improve their emotional labor. 39530

14:00-14:30 | Room 501 (5F)

Addressing High Teacher Turnover for Schools Located in Remote Areas in Taiwan Mei-Hui Chang, National Chiayi University, Taiwan Hsuan-Fu Ho, National Chiayi University, Taiwan

High teacher turnover rate and difficulties in recruiting new teachers has long been a crucial problem faced by schools in remote areas in Taiwan. Most scholars lamented that the high teacher turnover rate in remote areas not only forces students to spend a lot of time to get familiar with their new teachers almost every year, it also forces schools to allocate a great deal of resources in training their new teachers. Moreover, since most new teachers are not plan to stay beyond a minimum period, it is difficult to engage them in long-term school development activities. This research is thus aimed to identify the major reasons of the high teacher turnover rate in remote areas in Taiwan, to compare the perception differences among teachers with different demographic backgrounds, and to evaluate the policy alternatives for resolving the aforementioned problems. A self-developed questionnaire was administered to teachers from schools located in remote areas in Taiwan. Finally, based on the research findings, some practical suggestions were given for school and government administrators to revamp their teacher recruitment and retention strategies.

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Sunday Session I

13:00-14:30 | Room 503 (5F) Teaching and Learning Session Chair: Ru-Jer Wang 39457

13:00-13:30 | Room 503 (5F)

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Mobile Learning Perceived by Junior High School Teachers in Taiwan Yu-Chi Su, National Chiayi University, Taiwan Hsuan-Fu Ho, National Chiayi University, Taiwan

The recent advancing of telecommunication has accelerated the use of mobile technology in education worldwide. Mobile learning not only allows learners to access abundant information from internet almost at any place in any time, but also enables learners for immediate information analyses and data calculation. However, some shortcomings has restricted mobile learning from being a fully accepted educational method such as: it might requires much time to teach students with some mobile learning programs, and some students might not be able to afford some necessary devices and internet connections, and so on. Since mobile learning has been widely adopted by junior high schools in Taiwan recently, this research is therefore aimed to determine the major advantages and disadvantages of mobile learning, as well as to identify the current administrative problems that hinder schools from fully promoting the mobile learning programs. A self-developed questionnaire was administered to 100 teachers from 10 junior high schools in Taiwan. Finally, practical recommendations based on our research results were given for teachers and school administrators to further improve their mobile learning programs. 39665

13:30-14:00 | Room 503 (5F)

A Comparison of School Principals Among Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea Mainly Based on the 2013 Talis Survey Jen-Hung Luo, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Chia-Ling Chien, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Yueh-Chun Huang, National Chiayi University, Taiwan

Background: Due to the fact that effective teaching and teachers are key to producing high-performing students, the OECD has begun to conduct the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) for the details of effective teaching and teachers concerned across countries since 2013. According the TALIS, school leadership is one of the 6 areas of the TALIS survey. Thus, it is feasible to make a comparison of school principals’ among Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea based on the 2013 TALIS Survey and the relevant documents from the above three countries. Purpose: the purpose of this study is to compare school principals among Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea mainly based on data from the 2013 TALIS Survey. Aspects of school principal for comparing the above three countries are made of gender and age of principals, principals' job satisfaction, work experience of principals, access to and participation in induction programs, etc. Method: for the above purpose, methods employed include secondary data analysis and documentary analysis. The former is to examine the relevant data from the 2013 TALIS Survey, and the latter is to look at the relevant documents released by Ministries of Education in Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea. Conclusion and Suggestion: Conclusions are derived from the findings, and suggestions are made for Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea respectively. 39670

14:00-14:30 | Room 503 (5F)

The Development of Professional Standards for School Principal in Taiwan: A Fuzzy Delphi Approach Ru-Jer Wang, Department of Education, Taiwan

Background and Purpose: Due to lack of professional standards for school principals in Taiwan, it is essential to develop a set of standards for them so as to enhance their professionalization. The purpose of this study is to examine the existing professional standards of school principals in a number of selected countries such as the USA, UK, Canada, Australia, and so on, and to design a set of professional standards for school principal in Taiwan. Research Method and Instrument: The method of Fuzzy Delphi was adopted as the method for this study. Based on the results of reviewing the existing professional standards of school principals across countries and taking local conditions and contexts in Taiwan into account, an initial set of principal standards for Taiwan was developed. The initial principal standards for Taiwan are modified by the use of a Fuzzy Delphi approach survey. A panel of 20 experts was invited to help the revision of principal standards. The initial standards are made of four first-level standards and 24 secondlevel sub-standards. The four first-level standards are made of professional knowledge, professional skill, professional attitude, and professional performance. Research Findings and Concluding Remarks: Based on the findings of the survey of Fuzzy Delphi, the professional standards for school principals was revised and confirmed on the consensus of the panel, and the relevant suggestions for the application of professional standards are made in the final part of this paper.

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Sunday Session I

13:00-14:30 | Room 505 (5F) Teaching and Learning Session Chair: Minsan Liao 39470

13:00-13:30 | Room 505 (5F)

A Research on Non-Profit Preschool Policy and Practice in Taiwan Yi-Hua Huang, National Chiayi University, Taiwan Cheng-Cheng Yang, National Chiayi University, Taiwan

It is a burden for young people to raise children along the context of social transformation. Thus how to offer high quality and affordable preschool service becomes an important issue for governments in the world. Taiwan also has to face the problem of low birth rate and high cost of raising children. Now, the most common preschool service model is for-profit private preschool. The latest policy of Taiwan government in the level of preschool education is “non-profit private preschool”. The definition of “non-profit private school” is government asks non-profit organization to help establish non-profit private preschools for helping parents to work without concerning their children and also to help children grow up happily. This research aims at understanding the practices, impacts, obstacles, and benefits of this policy implementing in Taiwan. There are three main research purposes of this research. First of all, this research will collect relating policies, laws, and regulations of non-profit preschool and to analyze the potential impacts, obstacles, and benefits of this policy. Second, this research collects relating statistics of non-profit preschools in Taiwan. Third, this research will administer questionnaires to teachers in non-profit preschools in Taiwan to know their perspectives of practices, impacts, obstacles, and benefits of this policy. Recommendations for policy and future researches will be discussed in the last section of this research. 39476

13:30-14:00 | Room 505 (5F)

A Research on Support of Inclusive Education Perceived by Preschool Educators in Taiwan Chen-Ni Wang, National Chiayi University, Taiwan Cheng-Cheng Yang, National Chiayi University, Taiwan

With the schooling of disabled children in preschools, the current trend is inclusive education. Inclusive education refers to disabled children to be in the same classroom and courses with normal children. So that disabled children can be in a normalized environment and to interact with normal children. Thus normal children can also benefit from the implementation of inclusive education. In the context of inclusive education, preschool educators play an important role and their understanding and support of inclusive education will also influence the outcomes of inclusive education. This research designed a questionnaire based on literature review and this questionnaire was revised based on the discussions with university professors and experts. This research plans to administer questionnaires to preschool educators in Tainan city and to their work stress, teaching obstacles, and teaching practices in the sites of inclusive education in preschools of Tainan city of Taiwan. The instruments of this research can also help the researcher to know preschool educators’ support for inclusive education. Preschool educators’ perceptions of inclusive education and the differences of perceptions amongst their background variables will also be analyzed. Descriptive Analysis, T-test, and ANOVA will be applied as statistical methods to examine the hypotheses of this research. Policy and practical implications from this study will be discussed in the last section of this paper. 39467

14:00-14:30 | Room 505 (5F)

The Benefits and Obstacles for University Students to Present Articles in International Conferences Abroad Minsan Liao, National Chiayi University, Taiwan Hsuan-Fu Ho, National Chiayi University, Taiwan

The globalization triggered by recent advances of technology has dramatically changed the world in terms of economy, culture, and society, and so on. In response to the new global market challenges, governments around the world put a particular emphasis on nurturing high-knowledge labor force, which in turn accelerated the internationalization of education. Presenting articles in the international conferences has been recognized as one of the most important methods of internationalization of education with significant benefits such as sharing experiences with scholars from different countries and cultures, receiving valuable feedbacks, inspiring new ideas, building senses of global interactions, and developing important connections with international scholars with similar research interests, and so forth. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to identify the major benefits and obstacles for students who present articles in international conferences. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was adopted as the major methodology for calculating the relative importance of each benefit and obstacle. A self-developed questionnaire was administered to 30 university students (or alumni) who had experiences in presenting their articles in international conferences abroad. Based on the research findings, suggestions are made for university students, faculty, and administers to further expand the benefits of students’ international conferences participation.

#IAFOR | ACAH2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 87

Sunday Session I

13:00-14:30 | Room 506 (5F) Literature/Literary Studies Session Chair: Anne-Kathrin Wielgosz 38819

13:00-13:30 | Room 506 (5F)

Theme of Alienation in Modern Literature: The Advent of Existentialism, With Life as Seen Through Indian English Fiction Writers Reena Mittal, MJPRU, India

Edmund Fuller remarks that in our age “man suffers not only from war, persecution, famine and ruin, but from inner problems . . . a conviction of isolation, randomness, meaninglessness in his way of existence ". The paper will discuss and analyse theme of alienation in modern literature in general and Indo-English literature from different angles. It will be contextualized by referring profusely the works of renowned Indian writers. Alienation forms the subject of many psychological, sociological, literary and philosophical studies. It is a major theme of human condition in the contemporary society. It focuses on acting on ones’ conviction to arrive at personal truth. Existentialism deals with the problems of the meaning and purpose of life on earth, finding the world as hostile in nature. Indian writing in English fiction has been acclaimed around the world for its innovative and radical novel approaches to storytelling which is one of the oldest tradition in India. The multitude of such writing explores India in its various aspects. Apart from the continued literary output by older generation of Indian English writers, we also have newer generation too who explores the contemporary alienation and existentialism felt by the “middle class liberal humanist”. Analysis and portrayal of human relationship has been of perennial interests for all who have contributed towards the growth and development of different genres of literature. It has become very essential to explore the essence of “India” in Indian English fiction and its role in uplifting and understanding society within or outside. 39336

13:30-14:00 | Room 506 (5F)

Marguerite Yourcenar: Japan, and the Cult of the Aging Body Alessandro Giardino, Saint Lawrence University, USA

Marguerite Yourcenar’s reputation was built on philologically founded novels on heroes of the Western thought, such as the emperor Hadrian in Mémories d’Hadrien and the partly invented figure of Zénon Ligre in L’oeuvre au noir. Less known was her interest in Japanese culture, one that far from being limited to her late travels, Yourcenar cultivated from an early age through readings of all genres of Japanese literature. However, not only are her “Japanese writings” understudied, but they are normally slighted by scholars as just another example of Yourcenar’s universalism. Indeed, when perusing the existing scholarship on Yourcenar, short stories such as Le dernier amour du Prince Genghi, in Nouvelles Orientales, as well as Basho sur la route, in Le tour de la prison, are often read as validation of her literary inclination to the philosophical aloofness of the old age. Contrary to this interpretation, I will argue that Yourcenar’s passion for Japanese culture was propelled by her desire to expand her epistemological schemes beyond European boundaries. In other words, Yourcenar was not only describing cultural differences but she was also incorporating Eastern ideas on beauty and death. I will therefore demonstrate that Yourcenar drew from Japanese literature a vision of the body that would be antagonistic to the one prevailing in France. More specifically, by rejecting a representation of aging as the moment of transition from a sensorial to a more intellectual understanding of life, Yourcenar saw old age as the ultimate celebration of the body. 38853

14:00-14:30 | Room 506 (5F)

"We Ought to Take...Our Bearings:" The Topographies of Georges Perec Anne-Kathrin Wielgosz, Walsh University, USA

Contemporary French writer Georges Perec compiled Species of Spaces in the study of his flat at 18, Rue de l’Assomption, in Paris. Spatial concepts are integral to Perec’s work, which centers on the construction of topographies: as a pedestrian, that of the city in A Tentative Depiction of Parisian Places, a memory project using an itinerary that required him to return and repeat their descriptions at regular intervals for a later experience; as an architect, that of the fictional apartment building at 11, Rue Simon-Crubellier in Life, A User’s Manual, a construction project that reverberates with the interrelated life stories of the building’s past and present inhabitants using a literary constraint that regulates the reappearance of characters and recurrence of their flats’ descriptions; and, finally, as sorter and organizer that of an accountancy project in “Think/Classify” and “The Infra-Ordinary” using an inventory to order objects of his private living space to retreat to and reiterate so that in his description they are arranged and returned to their proper place. These are the coordinates at the center of Perec’s topographies of the habitual, the ordinary, the unassuming, and he favors the unpretentious list to gather objects or thoughts, stack them up, and tap down their affinities and alliances in the process. How fitting, then, that until he received the literary Prix Médicis, Georges Perec worked as an archivist and safeguarded, in its rightful place, the present for the future.

88 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

Sunday Session I

13:00-14:30 | Prokofiev Hall (2F) Sexuality, Gender, Families Session Chair: Sri Herminingrum 39762

13:00-13:30 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

Binary Opposition, Binary Pair, and the Aftermath Sri Herminingrum, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia

This paper uncovers the presence of gender system exerted in Indonesian folk dance: Reog Ponorogo. Based on historical notes, it is believed that this traditional dance-drama art, has been performed since the 12th century. However, along with the changing era, Reog performance experiences ups and downs, even dying. However, it got reinvigorated after Indonesian independence. Subsequently, Reog gets widely known as the icon of Ponorogo, its originating small town in East Java province. Because Reog dance mainly relies on physical strength, it is perceived as a masculine artwork. As a result, over decades, the binary opposition concept manifested in this folk dance nullified the presence of women. The women’s journey from absence to presence; which was studied based on the dimensions of form, space, and time; depicts two phases of change. First, the change of cultural values which regards male-female dichotomy as equal binary opposition places woman dancers as man’s partners. This considers that harmony is the most important element in the creativity process. Second, today, the self-determination concept which is used as the embodiment of self-actualization can be traced through a specific Reog dance performance, whose dancers are all women. 39655

13:30-14:00 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

The Possibility of Solidarity Listening to Young Women in Iran and Turkey Mahbubeh Moqadam, Middle East Technical University, Turkey

It has been a long time that women in the Middle East have been struggling to create their own space in “modern society”, however, up until now, the picture of them, almost always, has been reproducing the same portrait displaying their independent identity neither in an evolutionary style nor a revolutionary way. Especially over the last decades, although feminist-activists’ efforts have changed a variety of situations for women, the mentioned stereotypical picture has been recurrently repeating by the Media; an image showing women, usually under the veil in different shapes, all sharing one characteristic: that of being passive. Studying sociology in Turkey as an international student from Iran, I have recognized that “we” as young female scholars do not know almost anything about each other. Coming across this reality beside my theoretical background, which is based on Postcolonial theories, motivated me to do this research. In doing this research, I have met young female scholars in two capitals: Ankara and Tehran and I have had deep conversations with them. Benefiting from discourse analysis and theories of Postcolonial Studies, I have tried to answer this question: why do we not know each other? 38956

14:00-14:30 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

When a Woman Walks the Streets: The Female Challenge to Public Space in Nawal El Saadawi's Woman at Point Zero Kenneth DiMaggio, Capital Community College, USA

Nawal El Saadawi's novel Woman at Point Zero examines a character named Firdaus, a peasant girl who tries to negotiate a role of independence for herself in mid-to-late 20th century Cairo. Briefly forced into a bad marriage, and unable to get a university education along with any sustaining employment, Firdaus resorts to earning her wages as a prostitute, an occupation she ironically comes to admire for the power it gives her over men. Yet her job as a prostitute along with her ongoing attempts to remain independent in a male-dominated world have another unexpected effect. She is forced to renegotiate and challenge a male-defined public space. Along with being a compelling portrait of a woman trying to maintain her independence, Woman at Point Zero is also a text that delineates and maps how gender comes in conflict with public space and how gender negotiates and challenges it.

#IAFOR | ACAH2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 89

Sunday Session I

13:00-14:30 | Schumann Hall (2F) Philosophy, Ethics, Consciousness Session Chair: Michael T. Michael 40316

13:00-13:30 | Schumann Hall (2F)

The Socio-Economic Status of Dock Workers at Malabon City, Philippines Lorna R. Dimatatac, Technological Institute of the Philippines, The Philippines Engr. Marcelo M. Yarte, Technological Institute of the Philippines, The Philippines Ray Byron R. Dimatatac, Technological Institute of the Philippines, The Philippines

The objective of this study was to determine the dock workers’ social status, their problems encountered, difficulties in the workplace, their working conditions, and benefits received from their employers. The respondents of this study were 50 dock workers consisting of males and females at Malabon City, Philippines. All of them are regular workers with a salary range of Php 11,000.00 – Php 15,000.00 per month. The results revealed that 46% of the dock workers are aged 26 to 30 years old. Ninety-eight percent are male. All of them are on the poverty line but manage to finance their needs. Based on the data gathered 30% out of 50 respondents experienced machinery hazard, 26% of them experienced fire and explosion dangers, 14% lacked knowledge in their work, and 16% experienced unnecessary diseases. In addition, the respondents received benefits such as: sick leave, paid holidays, compensation benefits, disability pension, 13th month pay and Christmas bonus. All the respondents said that bad weather is one of the difficulties encountered in their workplace, 60% of them experienced a tough work environment, and 58% reported no teamwork with co-workers. 39824

13:30-14:00 | Schumann Hall (2F)

Un-Abject the Local Genius: A Philosophical Research on Local Art Sustainability in Indonesian Contemporary Era Ikhaputri Widiantini, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia

This presentation follows research bridging art creation and philosophy by Dr Embun Kenyowati (Universitas Indonesia) from 2017. In this research, I will focus on how local geniuses sustain their particularity in the dynamic wave of contemporary art, mostly in the context of urban popular culture in Indonesia. Art is often treated art as an instant fashion item, driven by short-term popularity, which although draws from the local, adds little value. The relationship between the local cultural context and production will be discussed, drawing on examples from galleries in Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and Bandung. Through aesthetics and abject theories approach, this presentation will spotlight the need to acknowledge and appreciate local genius. 40591

14:00-14:30 | Schumann Hall (2F)

From Psychoanalysis to Taoism: A Construal Account of Self-Insight Michael T. Michael, Yonsei University, South Korea

Insight is a form of self-knowledge that plays a fundamental role in psychoanalysis, being the means through which psychotherapeutic change occurs. There is a problem, though, in suitably distinguishing insight from mere self-knowledge, something that does not have the same transformative power. In this paper, I provide an account of a specific kind of insight, which I call self-insight, that addresses this problem. On my account, self-insight is becoming conscious of a construal that was previously unconscious; or in other words, becoming reflectively aware of one’s previously unconscious way of looking at the world. Self-insight, so defined, arises directly out of first-person experience and encompasses a lived perspective. Crucial to this account is the notion of construal, a psychological state that is constitutive of emotion and plays an important role in motivation. By defining self-insight in terms of construal, we can suitably distinguish it from mere self-knowledge or belief, since construal and belief are essentially different states. It is therefore ideally suited to explicating the notion of psychoanalytic insight. But applications of the concepts of construal and self-insight extend beyond commonsense psychology and psychoanalysis, offering potential illumination also into aspects of Buddhist and Taoist thought.

90 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

Sunday Session I

13:00-14:30 | Chopin Hall (2F) Media, Film Studies, Theatre, Communication Session Chair: Thapthep Paprach 39239

13:00-13:30 | Chopin Hall (2F)

Space and Narrative in Cinematic Arts Paninya Paksa, Bangkok University, Thailand

This study aims to examine space as key component in storytelling by drawing on theories of psychoanalysis, narrative, and formalism. In so doing, the study has chosen two films which were produced in the past five years with an interesting use of space: 1) Train to Busan (2016), a Korean film; and 2) Snap (2016), a Thai film. Results reveal that space is natural and thus vital for presenting the world of cinematic arts, whether filmmakers plan to use it or not. It can impact the audience’s perception, including how they make a sense and build understanding of a film. Importantly, space can persuade viewers to sympathize with films as intended by the filmmakers. Moreover, space functions as a body of knowledge that greatly contributes to cinematic arts. It is one of the features of storytelling on film with the ability to create something new, and also a vehicle to explore the boundaries of narrative. 39578

13:30-14:00 | Chopin Hall (2F)

Killing the Kaijuu: Mimetic Violence and the Myth of the Scapegoat in Contemporary Monster Filmography Umberto Merone, Doshisha University, Japan

The dropping of the first atomic bomb over a civilian population, once it had occurred, introduced a notion of the impossible into reality. For the first time, humanity was now capable of destroying itself: “Now that apocalypse has been inscribed in our future as fate, the best we can do is to indefinitely postpone the final moment.” Throughout the Cold War period, it was as though the bomb protected us from the bomb. The existence of nuclear weapons has prevented the world from disappearing in a nuclear holocaust. In this conference presentation, I present a series of interconnected ethical, philosophical, and geopolitical considerations as part of a work-in-progress that will feed into my graduate studies. Among the most pertinent questions are why an atomic war not taken place since 1945. When will it take place in the future? If we follow Rene Girard’s mimetic theories related to violence, the sacred is produced by a mechanism of self-externalization that, in transforming violence into ritual practices and systems of rules, prohibitions, and obligations, allows violence to contain itself. But in a world where cyberspace is increasingly important, where every action and every social aspect is developed in the virtual sphere, where do those Girardian rituals, bleaching violence and create the Sacred, take place? Where do we have to search those rituals, if our mythology is now based on movies, animation, and video-games? 39776

14:00-14:30 | Chopin Hall (2F)

A Study of Historical Overview and the Current Situation of Thailand Film Tourism Thapthep Paprach, Silpakorn University, Thailand Rohani Hashim, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia

This research aims to investigate the historical overview and current situation of Thailand film tourism, based on research on texts and documents. Research offers the categorization by original stakeholder’s productions, these consists of Western film production, Bollywood production, Chinese film production and local Thai film production. The tourism discipline primarily focused on the numbers of people visiting the places featured in movies and Hollywood has played an important role. With the nail-shaped island popularized by The Man With The Golden Gun, classic films such as The Deer Hunter, The Killing Fields, box office hit The Hangover Part II and The Beach, Thailand has proven itself as a favorite location for international filmmakers. In recent years, Indian filmmakers have introduced Thailand’s destinations to their audiences, and Bangkok, Phuket and Pattaya emerged as hubs for filming Bollywood movies. And the last evidence is Lost in Thailand, which caused an influx of Chinese that want to experience Thailand more, especially Chiang Mai. Meanwhile, Thai local cinemas could meet with success in the international market, for example, Ong Bark, Shutter, Pee Mak and the latest hit in China, Bad Genius. All play a role in promoting the filming location. But these films also act in the form of cultural tourism and become the source of information on certain aspects of the country such as nature, culture and people which result in the construction of the attitudes towards the country, contributing factor to making a decision to actually visit the country rather than to follow filming locations.

#IAFOR | ACAH2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 91

Sunday Session II

14:45-16:45 | Room 501 (5F) Teaching and Learning Session Chair: Cheng-Cheng Yang 39666

14:45-15:15 | Room 501 (5F)

A Study on Lifelong Learning Policies, Educators, and Cities in South Korea

Young Mi Cho, Wenzao Ursuline University of Languages, Taiwan Yueh-Chun Huang, National Chiayi University, Graduate Institute of Educational Administration and Policy Development, Taiwan The Lifelong Learning Act was enacted in 2000 as a guideline for implementing the concept of lifelong learning. Based on this act, the National Institute for Lifelong Learning in South Korea was established as a government agency. Afterwards, the policies of lifelong learning cities in Korea have been implemented since 2001. Because lifelong learning cities were and still are the most important workplaces for the lifelong learning educators, it is inevitable to examine the relationships between lifelong learning cities and lifelong learning educators. There are four major purposes for this study: 1) to analyze the contents of lifelong learning policies, the current state of lifelong learning, and the developments of lifelong learning in South Korea; 2) to examine the tasks and responsibilities of lifelong learning educators regarding the field of lifelong learning; 3) to study the relationships between lifelong learning educators and their workplaces which are called “learning cities”;4) to provide suggestions on how lifelong learning educators could interact more effectively with the citizens in the future. Research methods for this study will include documentary analysis. Relevant portions of the chosen documents will be extracted, analyzed, then reviewed - statements and facts from the documents will be used to validate the objectives of this research. After these procedures, conclusions will be drawn based on all the analyses of lifelong policies, educators, and learning cities. At the end of the study, suggestions regarding the issue of implementing lifelong learning policies will be made to support the future developments of lifelong learning. 39460

15:15-15:45 | Room 501 (5F)

Cram School Marketing Under the Trend of Fewer Children in Taiwan Yen-Chiu Chen, National Chiayi University, Taiwan Yueh-Chun Huang, National Chiayi University, Taiwan

Taiwan’s fertility rate has dropped to the record low of 0.9 in 2010, and this number was the lowest in the world. This low birth rate is by no means a sudden phenomenon in Taiwan, but it is a long-term trend which impact schools a great deal in recruiting enough students. Although cram schools have been prosperous for decades before 2000 in Taiwan, they have become major victims of the trend of fewer children. Nowadays, many cram schools have serious difficulties in recruiting enough students to cover their costs, and they now have to compete for each student if the aim is to survive today’s fiercely competitive market. This research is thus aimed to identify the strategies that might be used by cram schools to enhance their student recruitment result. A self-developed questionnaire was administered to 100 parents of elementary school students in Chiayi City, Taiwan, and based on the research findings, practical suggestions are provided for cram schools to revamp their student recruiting strategies in the future. 39571

15:45-16:15 | Room 501 (5F)

Educational Policy Responses to Low Birth Rate and Declining Local Students: A Comparative Study of Taiwan and South Korea Yueh-Chun Huang, National Chiayi University, Taiwan Ching-Tung Wang, National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan

South Korea and Taiwan are two countries in East Asia that are facing the challenges of very low average birth rates with their schools and universities facing the problems of a declining number of domestic students. The declining birth rates and fewer newborn babies and fewer domestic students will impact on economic growth, domestic consumption, and the remaining domestic students. Thus, the two countries have made adequate policies to respond to this trend. In South Korea, a national level committee called “Aging and Future Society Committee” was established in 2004. This committee proposed three periods of national development policy to transform the low-birth and aging society in South Korea. In the higher education sector, the South Korea government initiated a “Structural Reform Plan of University in Korea” to respond to the low birth rate. This plan linked university evaluation with the total enrollment number of universities and internal transformation of lowattraction departments of universities. Compared to South Korea, Taiwan applied a softer way of policy design to respond to the low birth rate in the education sector. Taiwan proposed the internationalization of the higher education sector and aimed to attract international students. Taiwan also encouraged public universities to merge together. This paper collected policy documents and statistical data from governmental websites of South Korea and Taiwan to compare the current trends of low birth rate, declining local students, and potential impacts of this phenomenon. Educational policies applied to respond to low birth rate will be compared and discussed in the last section of this paper. 39559

16:15-16:45 | Room 501 (5F)

Policy Responses to Low Fertility Rate and Declining Local Students in the Level of Preschool Education: Trends in East Asia Cheng-Cheng Yang, National Chiayi University, Taiwan

Based on OECD statistics, the phenomenon of low fertility rate and declining local population is an important issue in some countries of East Asia and Europe. Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Japan faced the problems of low fertility rates in the last decades. Its impact on their economic growth and school education is also a concern. Germany and Sweden also faced the same phenomenon. This research plans to collect policy documents and statistical data from their governmental websites and the OECD statistical dataset to describe the current situation in these countries. In fact, most of the countries mentioned above made policies to respond to this phenomenon in the level of preschool education. Germany offered funds to support public care system and to strengthen the quality of kindergartens. Germany also established lots of preschool care centers for children less than three years old. Hong Kong applied the same strategy to build child care center for emergent low birth rate regions. The Sweden government linked the use of public children care center with employment status of parents to balance the social benefits and the use of public resources. Taiwan is trying to cope with the educational issues of low birth rate by building non-profit kindergartens. Thus this paper compares policies responses to low fertility in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, Germany, and Sweden and to discuss the implications for policies in the context of East Asian societies.

92 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

Sunday Session II

14:45-16:45 | Room 503 (5F) Teaching and Learning Session Chair: Sung-Po Lin 39469

14:45-15:15 | Room 503 (5F)

A Research on Contents and Impacts of the Preschool Integration Policy Perceived by Teachers of Preschool in Tainan City Szu-Hsuan Ho, National Chiayi University, Taiwan Cheng-Cheng Yang, National Chiayi University, Taiwan

The definition of “preschool integration policy” is the integration of kindergarten and nursery school. Kindergarten is the educational institution that teach children from four years old till they enter primary school. While nursery school is the institute that help taking care of babies and children. Current, Taiwan is experiencing the social phenomenon of low birth rate and the aging population and decreasing population of Taiwan. Thus to integrate kindergarten and nurse school and baby care center is one potential policy trial and one potential preschool policy development direction of Taiwan. However, the practices, obstacles, benefits, and potential problems of preschool integration policy in Taiwan is still unknown and should to fully studied before fully implementation. Thus, this research has two main research purposes. First of all, this research collects relating policies documents and statistics about preschool integration policy to know the current practices of this new trend. Second, this research will interview preschool teachers and experts about their views on obstacles, benefits, and potential problems of preschool integration policy in Taiwan. Thus we can know the actual problems and perspectives from the educational practitioners’ voices. Policy implications and recommendations for future studies will be discussed in the last section of this research. 39466

15:15-15:45 | Room 503 (5F)

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Adopting Solar Energy on a School Campus in Taiwan Ying-Hsuan Lu, National Chiayi University, Taiwan Hsuan-Fu Ho, National Chiayi University, Taiwan

With the general agreement that renewable energy is the trend of the future, solar energy not only recently gained mainstream acceptance, but has become the fastest growing energy sector in the world. Solar energy has several advantages against all the other power sources, and the most important one is that it has minimal environmental impact. The latest solar power technology produces almost no carbon, methane or particulate emissions, and it demands no large-scale mining operations. As solar energy becomes an important component of Taiwan’s energy mix, this research is thus aimed to identify the advantages and disadvantages of adopting solar energy in organization or institutions, with a particular aspect on the school campus. A self-developed questionnaire was delivered to 100 school principals at elementary and junior high school levels in Southern Taiwan. Based on the research findings, several practical suggestions are made to school principals and governments for making policies on constructing solar energy platforms in school campuses. 39447

15:45-16:15 | Room 503 (5F)

School Fundraising in Taiwan: Donor Motivations and Barriers Hsuan-Fu Ho, National Chiayi University, Taiwan

Government funding for public schools in Taiwan has been drastically cut as a result of recent economic recession, and public schools have in turn tried a variety of programs to acquire alternative money for school activities. Attracting donations has been widely employed by public schools in the past decade, but the results are almost always modest. Principals often lament that they do not have access to the information and knowledge required for magnifying the results of their fundraising campaigns. This research is thus endeavoring to identify the major motivations in donors, to uncover the barriers that discourage donors from giving, and to determine the differences in motivation and barriers among a variety of donor groups. Focus group interviews were adopted as the major qualitative research approach, and thereafter, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used for calculating the relative importance of each motivation and barriers. Finally, the research findings are served as implementation guides that provide practical information to enrich principals’ fundraising skills and add to their fundraising knowledge base. 39727

16:15-16:45 | Room 503 (5F)

Financial Management Performance of Private Senior High Schools in Taiwan Sung-Po Lin, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan Sheng-Ting Wang, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan

Because of Taiwan’s declining birthrate, the private schools have faced reduced demand for student places in recent years, which has led in some instances to large funding cuts. The importance of prudent financial management is therefore highlighted, and how school quality can be upheld using effective financial management methods has become a primary concern. Private schools rely on tuition fees as main source of income. Fewer students results in reduced tuition income, forming a challenge in the financial management. Multiple performance evaluation methods have been proposed and employed. Employing such evaluation improves business management and enhances efficiency. The evaluation typically involves comparing the actual output with the target output. Although schools do not have concrete products or aim to make a profit, performance can still serve for assessing school efficacy. This study employs data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the performance. DEA is used by nonprofits to determine the relative production efficiency of various input and output decision-making units (DMUs). The main assessment models employed are the CCR and BCC models. Financial statements published by private schools 2013-2016 are collected. Multiple financial indices are employed to analyze the inputs and outputs of various schools and identify the DMU with optimal performance. A comparison is conducted between this best-performing DMU and others to develop referencing benchmarks with which other DMUs can improve their performance. The variation trends of DMUs in each year are examined and presented as visualized interactive statistical diagrams, which can be analyzed to increase school financial management efficacy.

#IAFOR | ACAH2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 93

Sunday Session II

14:45-16:45 | Room 505 (5F) Teaching and Learning Session Chair: Chun-wen Lin 39696

14:45-15:15 | Room 505 (5F)

What Influences Teachers' Participation in Lesson Study? An Examination of Individual Characteristics, Organizational Context and Teacher Leadership Wen-Yan Chen, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan Li-li Huang, National Taiwan University, Taiwan

Japanese lesson study is a promising way of sustainable teacher professional learning. However, as a new educational initiative in other countries, teachers’ willingness is influenced by personal and contextual factors. The study proposed a comprehensive framework to investigate the influence of individual characteristics, organizational context, and teacher leadership on teachers’ participation in lesson study. Using stratified cluster sampling, a total of 2,070 questionnaires were issued to junior high school teachers in Taiwan, and the valid samples from 68 schools were 1,356. The questionnaire was developed based on the results of a literature review with good reliability Cronbach’s of four main variables range from . to . . The items were rated on a -point Likert-type scale. Besides descriptive statistics, correlational matrix and ANOVA, a three-tier hierarchical regression was used for analysis. Based on the survey results, the main research findings include: 1) Teachers displayed a high intermediate to high level of teacher leadership in its four dimensions, but the scores varied significantly among these dimensions. 2) The scores of teachers’ participation in lesson study reached a high intermediate level. 3) Teachers of different posts and from schools in different locations and sizes participated in lesson study with significantly different levels. 4) Teaching efficacy, school size, school academic press, and teachers’ leading curricular and instructional improvement were the most influential factors of teachers’ participation in lesson study. According to the findings, suggestions were brought out for teachers, schools, and further studies. 39458

15:15-15:45 | Room 505 (5F)

A Case Study of Multicultural Education Implementation in the Classroom Juei-Hsin Wang, National Chiayi University, Taiwan Yen-Ting Chen, National Taichung University of Education, Taiwan

Multicultural education is a progressive approach for transforming education based on educational equality and social justice. Multicultural education requires a staff that is not only diverse, but also culturally competent. Educators must be aware, responsive and embracing of the diverse beliefs, perspectives and experiences. Multicultural education is implemented by a wide variety of educators and all kinds school levels. Teachers teach students in different ways that support multicultural ideas, in order to truly experience a multicultural education. Schools or our society may supply an environment to let students access and understand multiculturalism. Multicultural education can be implemented on the macro-level with the implementation of programs and culture at the school-wide and also at the micro-level by specific teachers within their individual classrooms. In this research, the researcher would get some points from literature review firstly. Educators should look for ways to emphasize the differences between students in a positive light. Then, the researcher interviewed two PhD students from Taiwan and United State. From their learning “multicultural education” experience, the researcher has developed a taxonomy by which to define the term, examine how it is used, and criticize various approaches. Finally, the researcher supplies some conclusions for multicultural education implementation. Multicultural education is important and suggests some ways it can be better accomplished. 40635

15:45-16:15 | Room 505 (5F)

An Analysis on the Usage of Art Material Packages at Taiwan's Public Primary Schools Ching-Chuan Shen, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan

Art materials packages are semi-finished products made by the supplier, which are designed as supplementary to the textbook. In Fucheng (福誠) Primary School where the author works, the supplier seems to provide the same material selections for the same grade. Visual arts classes at public primary schools in Taiwan are often taught by instructors who may not have sufficient art training because of limited prescribed number of personnel. Therefore, teachers may not take into account of children's cognitive development, and poor selection of mediums and teaching mode affect the teaching effectiveness and make students lack of basic ability in art. In this paper, the 5 and 6th grade students in Fucheng Primary School are the research object as well as the supplier and related teachers. The author will interview them and analyze their ideas about the art material packages. The paper will be divided into three parts. First of all, the background for using materials packages and arts and humanities guidelines will be discussed. Second, I will analyze the planning and content of manufacturers' design on material packages. Third, I will interview teachers and students who use the material packages, and learn the reason for art material packages to be indispensable at the site of teaching. In addition, schools should organize visual arts teams to design courses and collaborate with suppliers. It is hoped that this research can give advice to elementary visual arts teachers, primary school administration and material package suppliers recommendations for improvement. 39699

16:15-16:45 | Room 505 (5F)

The Relationship Between Parents' ICT Acceptance, Deliberative Belief, Empowerment, School Climate, E-Participation Among Parents Chun-wen Lin, National Pingtung University of Science & Technology, Taiwan

This research was aimed to investigate the relationship between ICT acceptance and e participation motivation for parents, mediated by deliberative belief, empowerment and school climate. Using a data set of 949 elementary schools and kindergarten parents from 30 schools, a model was obtained that revealed the relationships among ICT acceptance, deliberative belief, empowerment, school climate and e participation of parents which was randomly selected in Taiwan.Using structural equation modeling analysis,the model of fit is acceptable and index showed x2/df=3.89. GFI=.96, AGFI=.94, NFI=.97, CFI=.98, NFI=.97, TLI=.97, IFI=.97, RMSEA=.05, SRMR=.03. PNFI=0.76, PCFI=0.76. The path coefficients results revealed the direct effect of ICT acceptance on deliberative belief is significant r= 0.46. The direct effect of deliberative belief on parent empowerment is significant r= 0.58. The direct effect of parent empowerment on school climate is significant r= 0.69. The direct effect of school climate on motivation for e participation is significant r= 0.19. The direct effect of ICT acceptance on motivation for e participation is significant r= 0.61.The study concluded that deliberative belief, empowerment, school climate was an important determinant of motivation for e participation in schooling. It was important to reveal empirically that the effect of motivation for e-participation increased with significant parent IT acceptance and also deliberative environment could cultivate parent’s sense of empowerment. Parent empowerment could cultivate school climate was also noticed.

94 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

Sunday Session II

14:45-16:45 | Room 506 (5F) Media, Film Studies, Theatre, Communication Session Chair: Yu-Wen Chou 39837

14:45-15:15 | Room 506 (5F)

Could CCTV Become Global by Recentering Itself?

Dan Hiu-Tan Ip, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong In the past decades, the China Central Television (CCTV) and the regional TV stations provided only free audio and visual entertainment to the populace exclusively. As the internet becomes popular, the free audio and visual viewings are no longer limited to TV. How could TV attract the people in China while people can watch the free content from their mobiles on wherever and whenever bases? In 2008 the opening ceremony of Olympic Games made more multimedia to involve in the populace’s daily lives. The demand of the multimedia also leads to the growth of content created by the Chinese local enterprises. In 2010, the government of China encouraged the development of “Triple play”. More and more free audio and visual entertainment could be found on the internet although China has a “great wall”. What did the CCTV and the regional TV stations react while they were involved in a competition with the local enterprises and the global content providers? This research includes the official interview with the staff member from the technology development department of CCTV. We have realized the latest technology developed by CCTV itself which may provide more interesting and attractive audio and visual contents, with CCTV recentering itself, we could ask a question: “Could CCTV become Global?” 39130

15:15-15:45 | Room 506 (5F)

Re-Centering Through Translation: The Reception of Cantonese Opera in the Western Context Kar-Yue Chan, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Cantonese opera, usually regarded as a traditional treasure especially in Southern China and Hong Kong, is a regional cultural product embedded with rich classical Chinese legacy. Vigorously developed in the twentieth century, Cantonese opera experienced a craze from the public first (from the 1940s to the 1980s) and hence even to the academia. With some operatic elements inspired by Kun opera 崑劇 and Peking opera 京劇, Cantonese opera has preserved part of the refined skills of each, including singing [chang 唱], dialogues / monologues [nian 唸], gestures [zuo 做] and action [da 打]. Apart from performing on the stage, the sophisticatedly written opera scripts were also put to research and translation, with a wish to expand the reception to the English world. An act of recentering from the indigenous origin of the Chinese to the Western context is thus witnessed, which has resulted in a logical spread of some popular Cantonese opera lyrics and scripts being translated into English. In the 21st century, some on-stage performances of the Cantonese opera titles have been equipped with both Chinese and English surtitles, serving as a feasible way to promote the traditional art. However the receptive degree seemed to fall on the low side in the past, often due to mediocre translation quality and the inattentiveness to the unique musical features of opera. Underdeveloped still, translation of Cantonese opera has to be improved by some specific ways which will be discussed in this paper. 39809

15:45-16:15 | Room 506 (5F)

A Discussion on the Genres of Chinese Cinema in the 1920s Through Three Rediscovered Lost Films Yu-Wen Chou, Free University of Berlin, Germany

Before the trend of left-wing cinema in the 1930s in China began, there was another landscape in Chinese cinema, which was neither explicitly political nor commercial. As the result of the large parts of missing films in the early Chinese cinema, some lacking parts and gaps exist in the Chinese Film History. Beside costume films and the martial-arts, what kind of other visages of Chinese films were there in the 1920s? In the past eleven years, three film copies from this time period were rediscovered overseas. Their appearance became very significant material for the study of early Chinese film history. They are: The Stormy Night (1926) at the National Film Archive in Tokyo in 2006, A Poet From The Sea (1927) at the Film Archive Bologna in 2010 and The Silver Cave (1927) at the National Library of Norway in Oslo in 2011. The three rediscovered films display three different genres and dimensions of the Chinese film. For instance, The Stormy Night outlines the female life in the metropolitan, A Poet From The Sea uses the poetic and natural elements to suggest the escapist and free way of a poet in the face of political chaos, The Silver Cave represents the Chinese classics. Meanwhile, Journey To The West has become, through magical spectacles of motion pictures and erotic baring bodies, from today’s point of view, a film classic. This paper is going to examine the three rediscovered films of 1920s and through their existence as films to reconstruct a lost time. 39757

16:15-16:45 | Room 506 (5F)

The Adaptation of French Lettrism to Cinematic and Media Art in Chinese Context Yue-Jin Ho, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

This paper explores several cinematic and media art works from the late 1970s to early 21 century which tried to apply the methods and ideas of French Lettrism into works created in a Chinese context. The French Lettrism is an avant-garde movement established by Romanian/French poet Isidore Isou in the 1940s. Influenced by preceding art movements such as Dada and surrealism, Lettrists aims to reduce language to its smallest particles and liberate it from linguistic signification. For Isou, “words” limited our expression and thought to the bourgeoisie ideology. Thus, to break the words for art creation is also a revolution itself. Isou’s legacy mainly succeeds by the more well-known Situationist International (SI) movement in the 60s which inherited Lettrism’s political thought but largely abandoned its letter-based methods. However, by studying several cinematic and media art works which created in Chinese related contexts, this paper will examine how the idea of Lettrism survived and evolved in a very different language and culture. For example, Lettrism’s original methods only considered the alphabetical languages (i.e. French). Its adaptation to character-based Chinese shows that it could draft away from the originally idea of restoring non-semantic meaning in letters, and creates unique aesthetic results and political meanings differ from their counterparts originated in French.

#IAFOR | ACAH2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 95

Sunday Session II

14:45-16:45 | Prokofiev Hall (2F) Literature/Literary Studies Session Chair: Vicky Lee 40683

14:45-15:15 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

Authoring Independence: Feminism in the Selected Fiction of Austregelina Espina-Moore Hope Sabanpan-Yu, University of San Carlos, The Philippines

This paper centers its readings of the novels Mila’s Mother, Where a Fire Tree Grows, and Lani! Lani! through the women protagonists’ voices, a radical critical shift. By considering the progressive attempts of Teresa, Estrella, and Lani, regardless of their ultimate level of success, reifies their autonomy as individuals capable and worthy of development themselves. Examining their use of language and actions reasserts their voices as creators of their own narratives, recentering the narratives as important explorations of modern women and their conceptualizing of self in the Philippines. The significant work of conceptualizing the self as other, outside the normative behaviors and conditions expected of Filipinas of the time, is figured in these novels as rebellious; sexually active; engaged in extramarital affairs; and financially independent. By courageously giving voice to their own sense of selves in a world which values submission in its women, their attempts at creation are inspiring nonetheless. 39833

15:15-15:45 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

The Body of Women as Property in "Uang Panai" Movie Aryana Nurul Qarimah, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

Every place, especially in Indonesia, has their own rituals in order to propose the marriage to the woman. As one of the most famous phenomena in Indonesia, Uang Panai as a Bugis-Makassar tradition is referring to the money which provided by the man who will marry the woman in South Sulawesi. Further, this phenomenon is always being talked not only by the society of South Sulawesi but also out of South Sulawesi. On the other hand, the phenomenon of Uang Panai is always related to the position of men, then it is stereotyped as a burdensome thing for men to propose bugis women. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the role and the position of women through the script movie of Uang Panai (2016) by using the Patriarchy theory of Sylvia Walby. Movie is a visualisation and representation of society, as showed in Uang Panai movie which tells that Bugis women can be married based on the nominal of Uang Panai that provided by men. Thus women no longer have rights over themselves, and ultimately their bodies are considered to be property by men because of the ownership of men to women. Then it breaks the essence of Uang Panai as a form of an appreciation and proof of the prospective groom to brides because it is shifted into the standardization of social class proof. 39835

15:45-16:15 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

Women’s Position in Efek Jera Fiction: A Study of Gender, Class, and Race Intersection Isna Maylani, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia

This study shows the paradoxicality of women's position in the social structure in Efek Jera by an Indonesian female author, Linda Christanty. This fiction narrates the diversity of women's positions influenced by gender, social class, and race that places male and female relationships in a different form of relation. By using intersection theory, it can be deeply seen that the practice of gender relation in this fiction has a complexity comparing with the gender relation discourse that has been developed in the West. This study found that the Western women who have higher morals than Eastern man can dominate in the gender relation. However, although certain women can achieve a higher position than men in the public sphere, it is shown that the subordination of women still occurs in a private or domestic sphere. It also demonstrates that the social status and superior race possessed by women can still be defeated by men with social status and the underlying race in sexual relations. 39087

16:15-16:45 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

Recentering the Self and Nation Through Memory – Mixing History, Romance and Memoirs in the Autobiographical Writings of Han Suyin Vicky Lee, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong

Han Suyin had once described herself as “a fragmentation of the total self” where “each piece recreating from its own sum of facts a person . . .” This principle seemed to be operating in a number of her memoirs, in particular, Birdless Summer (1980) where she completely reconfigured her wartime experience in Destination Chungking (1942). The two memoirs recalled the same geopolitical journey into Chungking. But what was recalled in Birdless Summer had dramatically changed what was written in 1942. Her young self as the dauntless Chinese patriot who left England to serve war-torn China was recalled as a battered Eurasian wife cowered by her racist and xenophobic husband, who was depicted earlier in 1942 as a romantic KMT officer embracing the spirit of China at war. The great leader of China during this period was no longer Generalissimo Chiang Kai Shek but Chairman Mao. Could Destination Chungking be read as a memoir? What was its relationship to the extra-textual reality? Had the autobiographical pact and memoir ethics somewhat compromised? Was Destination Chungking a memoir or romantic fiction? What about Birdless Summer? History? Was Han witnessing a new self being invented with new perceptions? A form of recentering of the self as well as the nation by the writer?

96 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

Sunday Session II

14:45-16:45 | Schumann Hall (2F) Religion & Spirituality Session Chair: Martie Geiger-Ho 39844

14:45-15:15 | Schumann Hall (2F)

Philosophy and Several Kinds of Tumpeng Maria Ulfa, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia

Tumpeng is a cone-shaped rice dish with meat and vegetable side dishes surrounding it. It is a kind of traditional celebratory dish that is usually served during special events or celebrations in Indonesia. Nowadays, the philosophy of tumpeng has been forgotten by the millennial generation in the 21st century. Thus, the researcher wants to find out and describe the symbolic meaning behind the tumpeng and classifies the kinds of tumpeng. This study used the theory of semiotic from Charles Sanders Peirce (2007) focusing on three-dimensional or triadic and trichotomy system. This research used qualitative approach with the methods of observation, interview, and document analysis. The result of the study showed that tumpeng has abbreviation as tumindak lempeng that means we should be through this life on the straight path, the path of those upon whom God has bestowed favor. The peak of cone-shaped rice represents the only one God, while the side dishes surrounding the base of the cone represents the creatures of God like a human being, animals, plants, etc. Therefore, we should worship to the Almighty so that we can be protected from all sorts of calamity and misfortune that can happen on this earth by serving tumpeng as form of supplication to God. Then, the researcher will reveal 30 names of tumpeng that spread on Java island in Indonesia; each name of tumpeng has their own meanings, functions and characteristics. 40685

15:15-15:45 | Schumann Hall (2F)

Communication Strategies for Healing: A Case of Sathira Dhammasathan; Dhamma Learning Community in Thailand Passawalee Nitikasetsoontorn, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Thailand

Good communication is an important part of the healing process. This paper explores the meaning of “healing” as a process associated with themes of wholeness and spirituality found in religious activities of Sathira Dhammasathan (SDS); a Buddhist learning for peace and harmony in Bangkok. SDS was founded by Mae Chee Sansanee Sthirasuta, a Buddhist nun who believes that Dhamma is holy, when it can be applied in the normal way of living. Thus, every human being has the potential to live a life that is free from suffering. SDS is defined itself as a community of all ages: infant, teenager, young adult (Generation Alpha), as well as parents and the elderly. A learning community where older generations pass their knowledge and experience on to the young, the new generation of the digital communication era. So, the tools used for the “healing process” are varied. The paper goes further to deeply look at media employed and the message designed by SDS. The most effective communication strategies Mae Chee Sansanee Sthirasuta used to convey Buddhist teaching for healing include (1) sender credibility (2) clear and simple message (3) accessible media to all groups of people, and (4) people’s participation. 40619

15:45-16:15 | Schumann Hall (2F)

The Role of Lego-Lego Dance as a Local Tradition to Build the Interfaith Tolerance Mumtazah Kamilah, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia

The aim of this research is to know, describe, and analyze the interfaith tolerance values in Lego-Lego Dance performance from Alor, Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT), Indonesia. Alor is the one of beautiful places in the east of Indonesia that has two dominant religions, Islam and Christianity. In spite of this fact, Alor has rarely seen religious conflict because of the high tolerance levels. They build their tolerance through several aspects. One of them is through a local tradition, Lego-Lego dance. The research used qualitative method focused on the interfaith tolerance values in Lego-Lego dance performance. The data are collected by using an interview technique supported by the literature studies and analyzed by using descriptive analyses. The result of the research showed that the interfaith tolerance values in Lego-Lego dance can be seen in visual and non visual aspects. The visual aspect is that the dance can be played by all people without considering their religion. No matter Moslem or Christian, they move together in unity. They try to unify the bell ringing from their feet while holding hands with each other. A non-visual aspect of the dance is that Lego-Lego has a meaning of “unity”. This dance is played to build unity among the people who have a different religions or social status so as to live together in peace. 39510

16:15-16:45 | Schumann Hall (2F)

A Surau of One's Own: University of Brunei Darussalam Student Designed Islamic Home Prayer Spaces Martie Geiger-Ho, University of Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam

The stunning community mosques that grace the small Sultanate of Brunei Darussalam are emblematic of the revered position that Islam holds throughout the country. However, less studied are the private suraus, or small convenient prayer buildings, or designated gender-specific rooms that are often set aside in public buildings and homes for performing ablution (cleansing) and prayers. Islamic geometrically patterned designs for religiously sanctioned ornaments and necessities, such as prayer screens, rugs and lighting, plus other surau features, were developed by 10 out of 196, University of Brunei Darussalam’s, Art and Creative Technology students, who elected to physically create their own surau rooms for their capstone exhibition. To date, there have been five annual “Spectacle” capstone exhibitions, with the first one taking place in April 2013. This paper will present how these surau installations and related other capstone Islamic artworks consisting of calligraphy and patterned designs can be seen as expressing the country’s unifying social policy of Malay Islamic Brunei (MIB). Also, the reasons as to why these students chose to create spiritual art instead of producing work about other Bruneian social concerns, or other topics such as environmentalism, philosophy, or even art for art's sake, will be discussed.

#IAFOR | ACAH2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 97

Sunday Session II

14:45-16:45 | Chopin Hall (2F) Culture & Identity Session Chair: Romit Dasgupta 40314

14:45-15:15 | Chopin Hall (2F)

The Analysis of Centralized Layout on Traditional Batik Tulis Workshop in Central Java Rachmi Kumala Widyasari, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia Andar Bagus Sriwarno, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia G. Prasetyo Adhitama, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia

Batik is a color crossing technique, using canting and hot wax originating from Indonesia and defined by UNESCO became an intangible cultural heritage in 2009. Canting is a tool for transferring hot wax on fabric so it can form line or dot. The use of hot wax becomes an essential tool in the process of batik. The placement of the hot wax stove which surrounded by batik workers growing into a significant point in batik activities. This phenomenon appears in various traditional batik tulis workshops, especially on batik Oey Soe Tjoen in Kedungwuni, Go Tik Swan in Surakarta and Sekar Kencana in Lasem. However, along with the development of advanced technology and information, modification of tools and differences in the characteristic of space in each workshop, produce a separate study on the workshop layout, especially in the placement of the stove. The research purpose is to support the preservation of batik process and the values of Javanese people contained therein. Therefore, this research used ethnographic method through observation, documentation and in-depth interviews in several batik workshops spread over Central Java within a specified period. Based on the anthropometric, ergonomic and behavior review, this research describes the layout analysis of the space and placement of hot wax stove as a center, and the application of centralized layout in various traditional batik tulis workshop nowadays. So it can be concluded through centralized layout, the values of traditional society, sharing and cooperating, maintained in the process of batik. 39682

15:15-15:45 | Chopin Hall (2F)

Confection of a Catalogue of Urban Legends in Taiwan Fernando Darío González Grueso, Tamkang University, Taiwan

The first folklorists of Urban Legends started to collect and analyse these stories in 1940s and 1950s; although it seems that the first academic to acknowledge the term Urban Legend was Jean-Bruno Renard, in 1886. A relevant progress was the Encyclopedia of Urban Legends, created by Jan Harold Brunvand, in 2001, and re-edited in 2012, which introduces a type index of Urban Legends based on the The types of International Folktales, by Uther-Aarne-Thompson. This second edition, and the special characteristics of the Taiwanese idiosyncrasy concerning the popular acceptance and wide propagation of superstitions and Urban Legends are the inspiration to creating a Catalogue of Urban Legends in Taiwan. The first catalogue of its kind in Taiwan, and one of the few studies regarding this matter in R.O.C. The present paper will offer the firsts results of the findings that are currently taking place. The dissertation will start with a brief theoretical introduction to Contemporary Legends, and an exposition of some behavioral factors – as described by Bernard Guerin – which allow us to collect Urban Legends in Taiwan in a near ideal social environment. Afterwards, the paper shall continue with the methodology of collecting legends, and the analysis of a few selected samples, such as The Girl in Red Raincoat, The Red Envelope Found, and The Haunted City of Sanzhi. 39956

15:45-16:15 | Chopin Hall (2F)

Locating and Relocating Cultural Engagements in a Transnational Age David Bell, University of Otago, New Zealand

How do the visual phenomena of Japan live in transnational communities today? How can they embrace international tropes, while retaining the distinctly local sensibilities of Yamato-e, kana calligraphies, or ukiyo-e? This paper examines the apparent paradox of these questions through the divergent projects of Katsushika Hokusai, Kusama Yayoi, and Masami Teraoka. It examines the ways each has developed their own synthesis of conventions of local and international cultural currencies. It finds, within the transnational relocations of visual arts of Japan, the retention of distinct (and distinctly independent) sensibilities of Yamato pasts. 35577

16:15-16:45 | Chopin Hall (2F)

Japan, Turkey and Re-Considering "Asia" as Physical and Conceptual Space Romit Dasgupta, University of Western Australia, Australia

This paper reflects on the notion of “Asia” as a physical, temporal, conceptual and ideological space with reference to two countries located at opposite extremities of the continent, specifically Japan and Turkey. On the surface, the juxtaposing of Turkey and Japan may seem an odd choice of topic, given the geographic distance between the two countries, as well as their (apparently) very different socio-economic and cultural conditions. However, there are in fact areas of historical and socio-economic intersection and commonality between Japan and Turkey, including the ways in which the project of modernity unfolded in both countries, and how both have defined their modern national identities in relation to the “West” and the “non-West” (specifically, “Asia”), both physically and ideologically. Accordingly, this paper traces the intertwinings between the two countries from when both embarked on their respective projects of modernity in the second half of the nineteenth century (during the late-Ottoman period in Turkey, and the Meiji period in Japan) through the pre- and post-World War Two decades in the twentieth-century, through to the post-Cold War era. The paper draws attention to the ways in which the two countries have imagined and referenced one another, especially with reference to notions of “Asia” and the “West” as conceptual and ideological “spaces”. This will then let us reflect and re-think on not just imaginings of “Asia” but also on the disciplinary parameters of “Asian Studies”.

98 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

Virtual Presentations Virtual presentations afford authors the opportunity to present their research to IAFOR’s far-reaching and international online audience, without time restrictions, distractions or the need to travel. Presenters are invited to create a video of their presentation, which is then uploaded to the official IAFOR Vimeo channel and remains online indefinitely. This is a valuable and impactful way of presenting in its own right, but also an alternative means for those delegates who may be unable to travel to the conference due to financial or political restrictions.

www.vimeo.com/iafor

#IAFOR | ACAH2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 99

Virtual Presentations www.vimeo.com/iafor

38502

21st-Century Dystopia and Utopia, and a Re-Centering of Humanism Roberto Bertoni, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland

Classic dystopia (Swift, Wells) identifies the plagues of society. However, even in 21st-century works that partly do so, committed purposes are at times defeated by individualism, superficiality and mere entertainment. Commercialized dystopian science fiction, accompanied by an ideology of cynicism and an aesthetics of spectacular and violent exaggeration, seems indeed to be one of the current prevalent strategies of literary and cinematic representation of the imminent future (e.g. The Hunger Games and Terminator). Alternative to spectacular dystopia are a realistic, yet imaginative belief that the future can be modified to the benefit of sentient beings, and, on the level of aesthetics, a reflective and un-spectacularized poetics addressed to the mind and including humane emotions. Positive examples in recent science fiction are Arrival film and story and the film Advantageous. Arrival is a fictional utopia, but there are social prefigurations which are not necessarily separate from daily life (e.g. Wright’s Envisioning Real Utopias). And if a total type of utopia (as in texts by More, Campanella and Fourier) might be unsuitable for the present, a useful concept is Calvino’s “dust like utopia”, a minimalist yet effective approach to social responsibility. Finally, anti-Machiavellian humanism should be encouraged, based on the important values of equality, solidarity, compassion and ethical behaviour. Whenever such concerns have fallen to the margins, they deserve to be re-centered. References in this field are essays by Pikketty, Stiglitz and Harvey. 38634

Imprisoned Souls in Ghassan Kanafani's Men in the Sun and Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea Lutfi Hamadi, Lebanese University, Lebanon

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the theme of imprisonment, both physical and spiritual, in two novels, Men in the Sun (1963) by the Palestinian Ghassan Kanafani and Wide Sargasso Sea (1966) by the Dominican Jean Rhys. The paper will explore how both writers depict the suffering of their characters, who are stuck in in an unwelcoming environment and uprooted from their own land and homes, ending up in literally physical imprisonment. This leads them to inevitable death as in Men in the Sun or to sheer insanity as in Wide Sargasso Sea. Regardless of totally different geography and culture, the paper attempts at showing the universality of the predicament of alienation and the unsurmountable hurdles individuals like the protagonists in both novels experience in their relentless pursuit of their basic human rights: identity, recognition, and an opportunity in a world where they are crushed by social, economic, cultural, and political powers. By tracing the inner and outer conflicts of these characters, the paper will demonstrate that the personal and the political are inextricably linked regardless of ethnicity or nationality. For this purpose, the methodology that the paper will follow includes an historical overview, exploring the political incidents that led to radical changes in Palestine and Jamaica, comparing and contrasting the different conditions and anguish the characters in both novels have to undergo, illustrating by examples from the novels, and supporting views by referring to literary critics and thinkers. 38740

The South Asian Wanderer: A Literary Evolution of the Orient Saira Salman, Information Technology University of the Punjab, Pakistan

Recent times have witnessed the re-emergence of the popular notion of the oriental, though now dyed in a singular Arabesque hue due to the sociopolitical and theological nature of the present “East’ and ‘West”. This paper however, aims to revisit Edward Said’s interpretation of the notion and to highlight the oriental as a South Asian wanderer by exploring the literary evolution of the archetype through a series of Pakistani literature written in English; though most notably through Taufiq Rafat’s play, Foothold. As one of the newfound pioneers of the Pakistani idiom, Rafat’s works will be used as the focal point of the persona that becomes the basis of the character often found between the pages of Pakistani literary works of today. This paper will also take into account Rafat’s contemporaries and how their work influenced the development of the archetype post-partition and where it potentially stands now. Following an interdisciplinary approach, I shall discuss the eternal adventurer that travels from narrative to narrative, one that is auspicious to modifications under the “proper” conditions that is elucidated through contemporary Pakistani literature written in English. This shall be done through a study of the oriental as proposed by Edward Said and later elucidated by Lisa Lau in her book Re-Orientalism and South Asian Identity Politics: The oriental Other within. Moreover, the study of the archetype and its due evolutionary aspect through the ages and through different literary mediums will also be considered through Albert I Tauber’s idea of the “immune self”. 38960

Self as a Knowledge-Generative Agent: Researching/Sensing Home Through the House-Building Process Pinqing Wu, Tallinn University, Estonia

In this research project, I, as a Chinese immigrant and a researcher, explore the home-making process in Estonia’s rural area. The exploration into this particular process would shed light on the (inter)dependency, continuity, and (dis)location (Mallett, 2004) within individual’s livelihood. I aspire to answer inquiries such as: How does individual agency manifest itself during the process of homemaking? During the process of this research project, I apply anthropological methods including auto-ethnography and practice-based methods: I am building a house myself. Here, I introduce a methodological model of Material Potentiality Complex to implement the practice-based research approach. It aims at encompassing the elaborated competencies/qualities of materials when being processed and utilized as construction materials in a vernacular house – the kind of competencies/qualities that are not inherently possessed by materials, but rather unearthed by the builder/dweller’s creativity and against his/her unique physical contacts. I argue that this model allows an observation of more participatory actors in the formation of a holistic dwelling/building experiences and evaluates the implications more of quotidian physical contacts than of individual agency, therefore facilitates discoveries on translations of physical, contact-rooted, location-specific researcher’s living experience to ethnographic knowledge.

100 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

Virtual Presentations www.vimeo.com/iafor

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Communication and Perception of Visual Language in Cartoon Magazines Chayanoot Veerasarn, Mahasarakham University, Thailand

HM King Bhumibol Adulyadej passed away on October 13th 2016. The cartoon magazines Khai Hua Roh and Maha Sanook, published special editions presented in visual language, to mourn the King under the themes “Smile of the King” and “When the Prince became King”. The researcher aims to study the intent of the illustrators and the readers’ perception using this form of visual language and messaging. The research found that there were three types of cartoon characters: realistic, semi-realistic and symbolic. The meaning derived from this form of visual language comes from the accompanying text. Without text, the researcher interpreted the images from the context and situation presented, including comparing them to actual photos. For visual language recognition, it was found that all of the readers had media exposure bias related to King Rama IX but differences in perceptions. Age, education, occupation and residence did not influence their perceptions, whereas personal interests, recognition, emotions towards persons or events, attitude, upbringing, knowledge base and individual experiences did affect their perception. 39619

Beyond Anthropocentrism: Wu Ming-Yi's Apocalyptic Imagination in The Man with the Compound Eyes Kai-su Wu, Tamkang University, Taiwan

Wu Ming-yi, also known as an editor and a critic of nature writing, is now one of the most popular Taiwanese writers well recognized overseas. His 2011 The Man with the Compound Eyes explores the varied human-caused environmental crises that might ultimately lead to mankind’s catastrophe. In this novel, the mysterious figure with compound eyes stands as Nature itself. Wu, instead of being trapped by human-centered logic of anthropomorphizing life forms other than humankind, intends to provide a feasible communicative platform for both sides of human beings and Nature by way of strategically personifying the latter, and this gesture implies mankind’s difficulty in adopting the stance of Leopoldian “thinking like a mountain”. In this paper, I will discuss the novelist’s critical engagements with his three concerns that are interwoven with this task of creating a dialogic space: the problematic governmental policies of public construction, the poor states of the welfare of aborigines (with both Taiwanese aboriginal peoples and the fictional people of Wayo Wayo coming within the scope), and the trash vortex in the Pacific Ocean that threatens to hit the island of Taiwan. Both regionally and globally, these pivotal concerns are played up by Wu’s apocalyptic imagination of the fate of the Wayo Wayo Island, which forebodes those of other Pacific islands. Following Wu’s narrative trajectories, we can feel the warmth of the islanders’ mutual support, yet their shared vulnerability in contrast to the overwhelming durability of the drifting trash that stays with the sea never submerges. When it comes to environmental justice, every human being is just one participatory entity in this world. 40036

Mind-Recentering in Globalization Context: Mindful Zen Tray Garden Workshop Through Performing Artistic Perspective Chollada Thongtawee, Silpakorn University, Thailand

Amid our contemporary materialistic context of globalization, the complexity at our subconscious level has also increased. We have found ourselves looking more for the process which could recentering us from within, in order to be able to cope with and to find the way out of our increasing inner problems: meditation practice or artistic practice. The mindful zen tray garden practice was introduced in this research as an experimental workshop. It was designed to help participants become more centered within from being mindful of their present state of mind, which would lead to self-acceptance and inner peace. Certain performing artistic techniques were also applied in the workshop. This research aims to study the application of these performing artistic techniques in the mindful zen tray garden workshop. The qualitative research methods were used in data collecting and data analysis. The research result has shown that the performing artistic techniques, especially simulation technique through the use of miniature dolls in the tray garden arrangement, together with the mindful zen practice, could bring about inner recentering, self-awareness, self-acceptance, and inner peace to workshop participants. 40668

Ephemeral Centralities After Disasters in Mexico City

Milton Montejano-Castillo, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Arquitectura Unidad Tecamachalco del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico Mildred Moreno-Villanueva, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Arquitectura Unidad Tecamachalco del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico For a long time, the identification and dynamics of central places in Mexico City has been a topic of great interest to improve mobility or make land use more rational. However, as a city located in a seismic zone, some disasters in the recent history of the city have shown the emergence of other centralities that have played an essential role in the post-disaster recovery phase. We refer to public spaces and open spaces that have offered the inhabitants of this city a fundamental resource for recovery. Given the need to identify priority public spaces for intervention and preparation for future disasters, we wonder if the quality of centrality of these spaces plays an important role: Do post-disaster ephemeral centralities coincide with the functional and "traditional" centers of the city? Would centrality be important in the design of new public spaces or would the population produce its own central places? An analysis of the public spaces used after the 1985 and 2017 earthquakes in Mexico City shows us that certain public spaces continue to be the protagonists of the city immediately after a catastrophe has occurred. It is no coincidence that these public spaces, despite having been built in various historical stages, from the beginning were thought of as central places and guiding axes of the urban project. So the centrality in the public space is a quality of great importance and validity, however one at risk of disappearing.

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Virtual Presentations www.vimeo.com/iafor

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Creative Advertising - Narrative in Marketing Communications Wei Zhao, The University of Huddersfield, UK Minhua Ma, The University of Staffordshire, UK Zhifen Di, The University of Ningbo, China Marcus Yap Chin Choi, Global Tech Sourcing UK Ltd, UK

In the 21st century, amidst China’s rapid economic development in a new era of digital information; “advertising” should not be a neglected term. In modern society, people suffer from information overload. A lack of advertising thinking often gives rise to key pieces of information being overlooked and designs losing their original meaning and value. Imitations of foreign advertising with a large number of references, celebrity endorsements, copied images and the aesthetic slogan have become the major problems in the domestic advertising market in China. Advertisements which blindly focus on the moment at which design is purposed for consumers to purchase the product ignore the broader possibilities inherent in shaping a unique form of advertising through narration techniques. Chinese advertising designers need to become aware of this shortfall and try to improve on it. At the same time, in the creative advertising market outside China, the use of creative design methods is not uncommon. Many advertisements utilize creative narrative techniques. This type of advertising, highlighting creative fun in sharing brand personality, is more effective in attracting target audiences than just simply displaying the product. The research proposal is based on “Creative Advertising – Narrative in Marketing Communications”: to investigate the use of “the story” in creative advertising in the West and analyze its possible application in China. Accordingly, the background of the subject and discusses the importance of creative advertising and its necessity in marketing communication by analyzing the current situation in both China and the West. 39838

Government Policies and Individual Initiatives: An Urban History of Baguio City, Philippines (1929-1946) Jose Mathew Luga, University of the Philippines, The Philippines

Western colonizers upon arriving in Asia have often complained about the region’s tropical heat, attributing it to their semi-invalidism. In response, most have built hill stations in areas with cooler climates. As for the Philippines, this American enclave has been Baguio city. Chartered in 1909, the American colonial government has heavily advertised this summer resort to both foreign and local inhabitants. Unfortunately, only the wealthy members of these groups have been able to purchase lands in the area. Even a decade after, the urban growth of the city was stagnant, recorded to only have a population of 5,464 in 1918. Early settlers have even described the city as a “small, quiet . . . backwater post.” This count however improved in 1939 with Baguio’s population increasing to 24,117, becoming on par with the population density of other contemporary cities of the time. What has led to this urbanization? An important turning point in the city’s history was the Great Depression of the late 20s to the 30s. Demand for gold suddenly increased, and nearby mining companies boomed in size resulting to further job opportunities. Indirectly, it has also led to the creation of other job opportunities needed to cater the other needs of this thriving industry (e.g., food, housing, entertainment) all of which was housed in Baguio, providing the impetus for its urbanization. This paper therefore argues that the urban growth of cities is a product of both government policies and individual initiatives. Without which, their development will remain stagnant and delayed. 39836

Reconstructing Diasporic Discourse in Contemporary Culture: A Comparative Study of Mohsin Hamid's Exit West and Nadeem Aslam's Map for Lost Lovers Shahmir Abbasi, Shifa College of Medicine, Pakistan

This study will explore how the turn of the century resulted in a burgeoning rise in Pakistani literature, as writers had access to new source material. Touching upon themes such as identity, rootlessness and clinging societal ideals, they talk about a home away from home. The purpose of this qualitative study is to empirically analyse these themes from a cultural materialistic perspective. Utilizing an etic behavioral model of production and reproduction, Aslam's Maps For Lost Lovers and Hamid's Exit West themes were categorized into: infrastructure, structure and superstructure, in accordance to William's model. Aslam's work speaks upon the isolation a society experiences despite having each other while Exit West elaborates the plight of two survivors in a similar western setting, under the backdrop of a unifying Muslim banner. The crux of both novels is the theme of migration, as it seems to the naked eye. However, the tone adopted by the Pakistani writers are not parallels of each other. This model allowed us to remove the distractions which William's associates to superstructure and structure (religion and societal construct amongst the few) and analyse the cynicism depicted in Maps For Lost Lovers against the more neutral Exit West. This perspective paved a passage for a historical as well as a contemporary critique that closely commented on the status quo. 38938

Extraterritorial Art

Maayan Amir, Haifa University, Israel Sela Ruti, Haifa University, Israel Exterritory is an art project devoted to theoretical and practical investigations of extraterritoriality in an interdisciplinary context. It was initiated in 2009 when we decided to screen a video compilation of works by Middle-Eastern artists onto the sails of boats sailing in the extraterritorial waters of the Mediterranean as a response to the enduring Israeli-Palestinian conflict. We wished to create a neutral space to exhibit art that would be unrestricted by any single set of national constraints. Extraterritorial waters seemed to us a space that could offer the suspension of the neighboring states’ regimes. We commenced the project wishing to bring together artists and thinkers from conflict areas where such meetings are normally forbidden. We decided to initiate a meeting in the extraterritorial waters of the Mediterranean, openly inviting people from diverse disciplines to project their artworks onto the sails of the participating boats. We sought to produce an image that would transgress the usual territorial conventions of art exhibitions, where national politics and market interests intersect. Under such conditions, works of art are exploited to promote national agendas and profits, and are, as such, often seemingly depoliticized. During 2010, the project expanded into a long term collaborative art initiative that strives to provide a platform for producing and sharing knowledge, critical thinking, and various forms of artistic and cultural production. This presentation would discuss the possibility of an extraterritorial art making through the presentation of art works and research produced in the frame of the project.

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Conference Highlights: The Past 12 Months Since 2009, IAFOR has welcomed university presidents, faculty deans, journalists, national politicians, government ministers, diplomats, charity leaders, think tank directors, company presidents, documentary photographers, movie directors, members of the armed forces, actors, lawyers, doctors, jurists, artists, poets, writers, clergy, scientists, philosophers... Here are some highlights from the past twelve months, from our events in six cities, in five countries, and over three continents.

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Submit your research to the

IAFOR Journal of Media, Communication & Film The IAFOR Journal of Media, Communication & Film is an internationally reviewed and editorially independent interdisciplinary journal associated with IAFOR’s international conferences on Media, Communication & Film. Editor: Dr Celia Lam, University of Nottingham Ningbo, China ISSN: 2187-0667 Contact: ijmcf@iafor.org / publications@iafor.org

Aims & Scope The IAFOR Journal of Media, Communication & Film publishes scholarship exploring the relationship between society, film and media including new and digital media. IJMCF publishes articles adapted from presentations given at The Asian Conference on Media & Mass Communication (MediAsia), but articles from other sources will also be considered. IJMCF is published online and made freely available. IJMCF publishes articles based on findings from original research and/or theoretical concerns, interviews (with academics and filmmakers), and book and film reviews relating to media, mass communication, film and documentary and pertaining to one or more of the following specialisations: new and digital media; Asian media and globalisation; trends in Asian media and film; media’s social responsibility; communication ethics; social media usage; issues related to gender and ethnicity; politics and aesthetics; media, society and religion. The journal’s focus is on Asia and Asian cultures’ interaction and interrelation with the wider world. While some journal issues will privilege scholarship particular to specific countries, cultures, ethnicities or demographics, other editions will be organised according to themes designated by the editors and will not necessarily relate to any particular national situation. The journal will endeavour, in particular, to give a voice to scholars considering hitherto unexamined aspects of contemporary media and visual culture, with the aim of providing new perspectives and keeping abreast of socio-political changes. For more information please visit:

www.ijmcf.iafor.org

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Dubai’s Festival City again hosted The IAFOR International Conferences on Education and Language Learning (IICEDubai and IICLLDubai), and attracted delegates from across the region as well as further afield as research and presentations focussed on the conference theme of Surviving and Thriving: Education in Times of Change. Both research focussed and more practical presentations and workshops were organised over the three days of the conference, and included presentations by representatives of the UAE Ministry of Education. Above left: Dr Christine Coombe of Dubai Men's College, UAE, responds to questions following her Keynote Address entitled Classroom Management: Empirical and Practical Perspectives. Dr Coombe is a widely published academic, a past president of TESOL International and sits on the IAFOR International Academic Advisory Board. Above right: Dr Deena Boraie delivers a Keynote Address, “Exploring English Language Education in the MENA Region Now and in the Future”, in which she drew on her experiences in Egypt. Dr Boraie is dean and professor of practice at the School of Continuing Education at The American University in Cairo. Below left: Dr Martin Spraggon of the Mohammed Bin Rashid School of Government expands on the local context, giving an overview of educational policy, in his Featured Presentation on “Key Trends, Challenges and Opportunities in the Field of Higher Education in the UAE”.Below right: Dr Sufian Abu-Rmaileh of the UAE University listens to delegates giving feedback after his engaging presentation entitled “Using Critical Thinking Techniques in the Classroom”. Dr Abu-Rmaileh is a past president of TESOL Arabia. Bottom left: Professor Mustafa Hashim Taha of the American University of Sharjah, UAE, examined entertainment education with an emphasis on the role of theatre in promoting political reconciliation in post-apartheid South Africa in his thought-provoking and wide ranging Keynote Presentation. Bottom right: Dr Virginia Bodolica of the American University of Sharjah, UAE delivers a Featured Presentation that addressed the wider conference theme of Surviving and Thriving in Times of Change with her featured address on “In the Era of Disruptive Transformations: Embracing the Imperative of Dynamic Adaptation to the Evolving World of Work”.

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Some 250 scholars and educators from more than 40 countries came together for the IAFOR International Conferences on Education (IICEHawaii2018), and Sustainability, Energy and the Environment (IICSEEHawaii2018) at the Hawaii International Convention Center in Honolulu, Hawaii for an event held in partnership with the University of Hawaii at Manoa, and with the support of the East West Center, Brigham Young University, and the World Bank. Above left: Dr Joseph Haldane, Chairman and CEO of IAFOR chaired a plenary panel entitled “Educational Policy: Does the Democratisation of Education in Educational Systems Fuel Economic and Social Inequality?”. Above right: Professor Xu Di and David P. Ericson, both renowned educational philosophers based at the University of Hawai’i at Manoa, delivered addresses first, giving both the local context and then drawing on examples from other countries, before Dr Haldane then opened the floor to questions and then a more general discussion of the topic. Below left: Dr Xiaoyan Liang is a Lead Education Specialist in the World Bank, with a focus on educational development in Africa and East Asia. Her wide ranging keynote, “Education in a Changing World: New Partnership and Changing Paradigm for Education Development”, was sponsored by the World Bank. Below right: Dr Andy Curtis of Anaheim University, USA, a language educator with an international reputation, and past president of TESOL International, delivered a funny but stinging keynote entitled “‘Ignorance is Bliss’: The New Anti-Education Movement”, that looked at educators navigating a world in which political leaders often boast of their ignorance, rather than education.

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Above left: Dr Failautusi ‘Tusi’ Avegalio is the director of the Pacific Business Center Program and the executive director of the Honolulu Minority Business Enterprise Center at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa’s Shidler College of Business. Descended from a long line of Samoan chiefs, Dr Tusi was raised in the coastal village of Leone in American Samoa before receiving university education in the United States, and becoming a professor. Here he delivers a keynote address that looks at the importance of respecting indigenous knowledge and wisdom in the context of modern educational systems. Above centre: Dr Sela V. Panapasa of the University of Michigan, USA, addresses the “Surviving and Thriving in Times of Change” theme of the conference in her excellent keynote address entitled, “Anticipating Educational Needs That Ensure a Diverse, Equitable, and Inclusive Workforce for a Changing U.S. Population”. Dr Panapasa is a sociologist who was born in Fiji, and who has worked extensively throughout the Pacific Islands. Above right: Dr Sheri-Ann Daniels is the executive director of Papa Ola Lōkahi, the Native Hawaiian health board, and chair of Nā Limahana o Lonopūhā, the Native Hawaiian Health Consortium. Here she delivers a keynote presentation entitled “Native Hawaiian Health: Opportunities to Develop A Healthy Leadership and Workforce”. Below left: Dr Richard R. Vuylsteke is President of the East-West Center, a renowned and unique institution that promotes better relations and understanding among the people and nations of the United States, Asia, and the Pacific through cooperative study, research, and dialogue. His wide ranging keynote address introduced some particular East-West Center approaches to education, including “place utility,” “cross-cubed” programs, and social media umbrellas, and he asked delegates of the ways in which they might be able to implement such approaches in their home institutions. Below right: Dr Hiagi M. Wesley, responds to questions following his keynote entitled “Pacific Indigenous Perspectives vs Global Ways of Learning”, which dovetailed perfectly with Dr Avegalio’s address, and looked at the value of indigenous ways of learning. A Rotuman by birth, Dr Wesley is Director of the Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Island Studies and Associate Dean in the College of Arts and Humanities at Brigham Young University, Hawaii.

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The Asian Conference on Media, Communication and Film (MediAsia) 2017 was held in Kobe, Japan, with the conference theme of “History, Story and Narrative”. Above left: Multi-Emmy Award winning filmmaker, and former NBC television producer, Gary Swanson, opens the MediAsia 2017 conference with a hard-hitting keynote on “Fake News and the Attack on America’s Freedom of the Press”, in which he outlined the hostility of Donald Trump and his administration toward the press, arguing that “the press is the enemy; nothing it says should be believed; and there is no role or need for the press in American democracy”. Above right: Professor Virgil Hawkins of Osaka University’s School of International Public Policy (OSIPP) describes the Global News View (GNV) research centre, dedicated to working towards the realisation of an information environment in which people can comprehensively and objectively view the world and the issues it faces, in the context of little or no information about certain issues or geographic areas of the world, leading to a lack of care and attention about events in these places. Below left: Professor Yoneo Ota of Osaka University of Arts, and founding director of Kyoto’s Toy Film Museum talks about the project to collect and restore privately held toy films to reconstitute a historical record and archive, and reappraisal of their value in documenting Japanese society. Below right: William Lyndesay OBE is a renowned geographer, author and film-maker, celebrate inside and outside China for his long and steady commitment to the study and preservation of the Great Wall(s) of China, despite his earliest efforts falling repeatedly foul of the Chinese authorities. His keynote showed how diverse, personal, unconventional and “foreign” approaches have made significant contributions to the surprisingly narrow, Sino-centric and limited corpus of Great Wall knowledge, as well as popular understanding.

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Above left: Professor Richard Roth of Northwestern’s Medill School of Journalism delivered a very personal keynote address on the year of his retirement, looking at how he has tried throughout his career as a journalist and educator to mentor and nurture young talent in an industry where it is said that there is no apprenticeship. His presentation talked about his own experience as a rookie reporter coming of age in a foreboding American prison called Attica, one part of an American system that holds more than 2 million people captive, more than in any other nation. Roth was one of two newspaper reporters inside the prison yard at Attica during the September 9-13 riots in 1971, serving on the Select Observers Committee, and his subsequent writing about Attica earned him a 1972 nomination for the Pulitzer Prize. Above right: Dr Yutaka Mino, Director of the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art (the conference venue), is one of Japan’s most sought after museum directors, and among the country’s most prominent supporters of the public and educational role of art. In this keynote address he describes how an art museum can strategically write (or paint) itself into the history, story and narrative of a city, or else consign itself to irrelevance. Below: The Asian Conference on Media, Communication and Film (MediAsia) 2017 was held at the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art and attracted 125 delegates from 25 countries. Here delegates pose outside the Tadao Ando designed building, and in front of Kenji Yanobe’s Sun Sister. For more information about The Asian Conference on Media, Communication and Film (MediAsia) please visit www.mediasia.iafor.org.

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The Asian Conference on Education 2017 (ACE2017) saw more than 250 scholars from 38 countries come together in Kobe, Japan to look at the theme of “Educating for Change” from a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives, cultural backgrounds, and national contexts. Above left: Dr Charles Allen Brown of Hokkaido University, Japan, in a lighter moment following his featured presentation at ACE2017, which looked at, and questioned the hitherto unassailable position of the native speaker in language learning. Above right: Dr Paul Lai of Nagoya University’s academic writing center delivers a featured address on how his pioneering center has helped research students and faculty develop clear and convincing ideas in their research writing, thus improving publication chances and impact. Below left: Dr Connie Guberman of the The University of Toronto, listens to questions following her featured address on an initiative using oral history as a means of educating for change by challenging traditional institutional structures of knowledge creation. Below middle: Dr Jack Frawley of the University of Sydney’s National Centre for Cultural Competence delivers a plenary address on leadership and intercultural studies. Below right: Dr Tzu-Bin Lin of the National Taiwan Normal University explains how professional development and leadership programs are developing on Taiwan to raise standards in secondary schools.

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Opposite Bottom: After an amazing taiko drum performance and interactive music workshop, delegates from around the world mix with local students from AIE International High School's drum club. Above left: Dr Joseph McClanahan of Creighton University (USA), and co-convenor of the Asian Undergraduate Research Symposium (AURS) delivered a wide ranging featured address on how mentoring undergraduate students provides tools for student success after graduation, and concentrating on the importance that educators continue to adapt and develop new approaches that create equal opportunities for productive educational experiences for all students. Above right: Dr Yvonne Masters of Newcastle University, Australia, and AURS co-convenor, asks the conference to consider two simple but fundamental questions when we talk about change in Education, “By Whom?” and “For Whom?”. Below: A group shot of delegates, taken in the Kobe Art Center venue, reflecting the diversity of attendees at The Asian Conference on Education. The next ACE event will be held in Tokyo, Japan, from Saturday, October 13, 2018 ​to Monday, October 15, 2018. For more information please visit www.ace.iafor.org.

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Above left: Dr Simon Sleight, Senior Lecturer in Australian History at King's College London delivers a Keynote Speech at The IAFOR International Conference on the City 2017 (City2017) in Barcelona, addressing delegates on the topic of memory and the modern city. Dr Sleight’s work explores the history of urban place-making, the evolution of youth cultures and the Australian presence in Britain. Above right: Internationally renowned constitutional lawyer and jurist Professor Adrien Katherine Wing gives a Keynote Presentation at The IAFOR International Conference on Global Studies 2017 (Global2017) on the legal status of women of colour around the world under national and international law. Professor Wing is the Associate Dean of International & Comparative Law Programs at the University of Iowa College of Law, USA, and was involved in the drafting of the South Africa and Kosovo constitutions. Below left: Multiple Academy Award winning documentary filmmaker, Mark Jonathan Harris, director of Breaking Point: The War for Democracy in Ukraine, an Official Selection of the IAFOR Documentary Film Award 2016, responds to questions following his Featured Presentation entitled “Breaking Point – Ukraine in the Era of Trump” at Global2017. Professor Harris is Distinguished Professor in the School of Cinematic Arts at the University of Southern California, USA , where he heads the documentary program. Below right: Mark Jonathan Harris's award-winning documentary, Breaking Point: The War for Democracy in Ukraine, was screened at City/Global2017 and was followed by a Q&A with the Director.

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Above left: In a City2017 Featured Presentation, Gloria Montero, celebrated Spanish novelist, playwright and poet, offers her own insights into the city of Barcelona, where she has made her home and where City2017 was held. Above center: Professor Georges Depeyrot, monetary historian at the ENS (Paris) and Member of the Board of Trustees of the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), France, introduces the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative in an information session at Global2017. Above right: In a Keynote Presentation entitled “Refuge: Refugee: Moonlight and Precarious Love” at Global2017, Professor Baden Offord of the Centre for Human Rights Education, Curtin University, Australia, discusses the human condition in relation to people’s suffering around their sexuality with reference to the Academy Award winning film, Moonlight. Below: An image from the series Single Mothers of Afghanistan by Canadian/Iranian photojournalist Kiana Hayeri, Grand Prize Winner of the 2017 IAFOR Documentary Photography Award. Winners were announced at The European Conference on Media, Communication & Film 2017 (EuroMedia2017) in Brighton, UK. As an organisation, IAFOR’s mission is to promote international exchange, facilitate intercultural awareness, encourage interdisciplinary discussion, and generate and share new knowledge. In keeping with this mission, in appreciation of the great value of photography as a medium that can be shared across borders of language, culture and nation, and to influence and inform our academic work and programmes, the IAFOR Documentary Photography Award was launched as a competition that would help underline the importance of the organisation’s aims, and would promote and recognise best practice and excellence. In support of up-and-coming talent, the IAFOR Documentary Photography Award is free to enter. For more information about the award, please visit: www.iaforphotoaward.org.

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Above left: Dr Paul Lowe, Founding Judge of the IAFOR Documentary Photography Award, gives a Keynote Presentation on “Testimonies of light: Photography, Witnessing and History” at The European Conference on Media, Communication & Film 2017 (EuroMedia2017). Dr Lowe is an award-winning photojournalist who has covered breaking news around the world, including the fall of the Berlin Wall, Nelson Mandela’s release, famine in Africa, the conflict in the former Yugoslavia and the destruction of Grozny. Above right: In a Featured Panel Presentation at The European Conference on Arts & Humanities 2017 (ECAH2017) Professor Donald Hall, Dr Linda Schwarz and Professor Amanda Bright discuss the challenges of doing research and creative activity in the arts and humanities today. Donald E. Hall is a Vice-President of IAFOR and Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Lehigh University; USA. Linda Schwarz is Dean of the Faculty of Arts & Science and Professor of Interdisciplinary Studies at Ambrose University, Canada, and. Amanda Bright has been Head of the School of Art at the University of Brighton, UK. Below left: At EuroMedia2017, Dr Rodney Hill of the Lawrence Herbert School of Communication at Hofstra University, USA, and Francis Ford Coppola Archivist presents on the topic of “Mythologizing One’s Own History Through Narrative” by referencing Coppola’s Tetro”. Below right: Dr Alfonso García Osuna, Editor of the IAFOR Journal of Arts & Humanities, delivered a Spotlight Presentation entitled “ReCreating the Past: Fascist Comics and the Rehabilitation of History”, at ECAH2017. Dr Osuna has taught at Hofstra University in New York, USA, for over thirty years. Bottom: The Conference Welcome Reception provides a great opportunity for delegates to network and get to know each other.

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Above left: Keynote Speaker at The European Conference on the Social Sciences 2017 (ECSS2017) Dr Anke Schwittay discusses inclusive innovation in international development. Dr Schwittay is Head of International Development at the University of Sussex in the UK, and Senior Lecturer in Anthropology and International Development at the School of Global Studies. Above right: Dr Georgios Tsakos, Reader in the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health at University College London, UK, gives a Keynote Presentation on the topic of “Links Between Oral and General Health: Putting the Mouth Back in the Body” at ECSS2017. Below: In a Plenary Panel Presentation on sustaining the city at The European Conference on Sustainability, Energy & the Environment 2017 (ECSEE2017), Professor Anne Boddington, Duncan Baker-Brown and Cat Fletcher examine the rationale behind The Brighton Waste House – Europe's first permanent public building made almost entirely from material thrown away or not wanted (shown bottom left). Anne Boddington is Professor of Design Innovation and Dean of the College of Arts and Humanities, University of Brighton, UK, Duncan Baker-Brown is an expert in contemporary methods of ecology-friendly building design, an architect and an academic, and Cat Fletcher is Founding Member, Elected National Representative and Head of Media for Freegle UK. Bottom right: ECSS2017 Featured Speaker Professor Grant Black of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan, addresses conference delegates on the subject of “East Meets West: Innovation and Discovery in Education Reform at an Elite Japanese University”. Professor Black is Vice-President (at large) of IAFOR.

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Above left: At The European Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences 2017 (ECP2017), Professor Geoff Beattie of Edge Hill University, UK, delivers a Keynote Presentation entitled “Hidden Thoughts: Do Your Hand Gestures Reveal More About You Than You Think?” Professor Beattie is a world renowned expert on non-verbal communication and a noted author, broadcaster and public intellectual, who was the resident on-screen psychologist for Big Brother for eleven series on Channel 4. Above right: Dr Katie Woodward discusses public attitudes towards counter-terrorism in a Featured Presentation at ECP2017. Dr Woodward is currently a Principal Psychologist working in the Human and Social Sciences Group at the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory in Hampshire, UK. Below left: Dr Stephen E. Gregg, Senior Lecturer in Religious Studies at the University of Wolverhampton and Keynote Speaker at The European Conference on Ethics, Religion & Philosophy 2017 (ECERP2017), enjoying a lighter moment, after a wide-ranging address examining the topic of complicating religious identity in the twenty-first century. Below right: Professor Thomas Brian Mooney gives a Featured Presentation entitled “The Virtue of Politeness As a Part of the Virtue of Justice” at ECERP2017. Thomas Brian Mooney is a philosopher with an international reputation and Head of the School of Creative Arts and Humanities, Charles Darwin University, Australia. Bottom left & right: IAFOR’s European Conference Series is held in Brighton, UK, and features an optional tour of Bateman’s, the Jacobean home of The Jungle Book author Rudyard Kipling, and the spectacular Hever Castle and gardens, once home to Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII’s second wife.

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Above left: At The European Conference on Education 2017 (ECE2017), Professor Kwame Akyeampong of the Centre for International Education (CIE), University of Sussex, UK, gives a Keynote Presentation on transforming the educational experience of African children through emancipatory research. Professor Akyeampong has been a senior policy analyst at UNESCO, and also consulted for the Ghanaian Ministry of Education. Above right: ECE2017 Keynote Speaker Matthew Taylor, Chief Executive of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, UK, delivers an address entitled “Think Like a System, Act Like an Entrepreneur” as part of the conference Plenary Panel. Prior to becoming Chief Executive of the RSA, Matthew Taylor was Chief Adviser to Prime Minister Tony Blair, as head of the Number 10 Policy Unit, and is the author of the 2017 Taylor Review of Modern Working Practices, commissioned by the incumbent UK government. Below left: Professor Svetlana Ter-Minasova engages the audience at The European Conference on Language Learning 2017 (ECLL2017) with a Keynote Presentation on how to shatter the linguistic, cultural and psychological barriers to international communication. Professor Ter-Minasova is founding President of the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Area Studies at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia and a public intellectual in Russia. Below right: Professor Anne Boddington, Professor of Design Innovation and Dean of the College of Arts and Humanities, University of Brighton, UK, moderates the Plenary Panel “Think Like a System, Act Like an Entrepreneur” at ECE2017. Bottom left: ECE2017 Featured Speaker Professor David Hicks of Virginia Tech, USA, addresses delegates on the topic of “Teaching Difficult Histories Through Film: Examples and Perspectives from the Field”, highlighting the pedagogical challenges that emerge when film is used to teach about the complex business of the representations of “the other”. Bottom right: Professor Brian Hudson, Professor of Education and Head of the School of Education and Social Work at the University of Sussex, UK, moderates a Plenary Panel entitled “Education for Change: Addressing the Challenges of UN Sustainable Development Goal 4” at ECE2017.

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The Asian Conference on Social Sciences 2017 (ACSS2017), The Asian Conference on Sustainability, Energy & the Environment 2017 (ACSEE2017) and The Asian Conference on Aging & Gerontology (AGen2017), were held in Kobe, Japan, June 8–11, 2017. Above left: His Excellency Dr Toshiya Hoshino gives an incisive Keynote Presentation as part of an ACSS2017 Plenary Panel entitled “East Meets West”, giving a historical overview of recent trends in International Relations. Dr Hoshino is now Japanese Ambassador to the United Nations in New York, having been seconded from Osaka University, where he is Professor at the Osaka School of International Public Policy (OSIPP). A former Vice-President of the university, he is also a member of IAFOR’s Board of Directors. Above center: Professor Haruko Satoh of Osaka School of International Public Policy (OSIPP), Osaka University, Japan, addresses delegates as part of the same ACSS2017 Plenary Panel. Professor Haruko Satoh is a member of IAFOR’s Academic Governing Board. Above right: Political Philosopher, Professor Michael Anthony C. Vasco, Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Letters at the University of Santo Tomas in the Philippines, sits on the same Plenary Panel at ACSS2017. Below left: Director of the NACDA Program on Aging and Vice-President of IAFOR Dr James W. McNally gives a Featured Presentation on methodologies for the collection of comparative community-level public health data at AGen2017. Below right: Dr Hiroshi Ishida, Professor of Sociology at the Institute of Social Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan, sits on an AGen2017 Plenary Panel entitled “Easts Meets West – Healthy, Active and Beautiful Aging in Asia”. Bottom left: ACSS2017 Featured Speaker Dr Philip Sugai of Doshisha Business School, Japan, examines the concept of value in marketing. Bottom right: ACSEE2017 Spotlight Speaker Dr Maxime Jaffré, Assistant Professor in Sociology of Culture at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales and a member of IAFOR’s International Academic Advisory Board, questions whether data science can do without the field survey.

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The Asian Conference on Cultural Studies 2017 (ACCS2017), The Asian Conference on Asian Studies 2017 (ACAS2017) and The International Conference on Japan & Japan Studies (IICJ2017), held June 1–4, 2017, brought together delegates from all over the world to explore the theme of "Global Realities: Precarious Survival and Belonging". Above left: Professor Gaurav Desai of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA, examines the figure of the migrant in recent Anglophone fiction from Africa and South Asia in his ACCS2017 Keynote Presentation entitled “Precarious Futures, Precarious Pasts: Migritude and Planetarity”. Above right: In a Featured Panel Presentation at ACCS2017, Professor Donald E. Hall, Professor Emerita Sue Ballyn and Professor Emeritus Yasue Arimitsu discuss the challenges of doing Cultural Studies today, exploring the emerging geo-political constraints on their work, as well as their respective national and institutional contexts, and interact with the audience on the topic of strategies for individual and collective response to the challenges that we face. Below left: The University of Barcelona’s Professor Emerita Sue Ballyn gives a Spotlight Presentation at ACCS2017 on the subject of surgeons on eighteenth-and-nineteenth-century female convict transports, often the unsung heroes of hazardous passages to the Antipodes, discussing the importance of their power at sea and on land, their care of their charges and how medical improvisation very often saved a patient’s life. Below right: In his ACAS2017 Featured Presentation entitled “Buddhist Terrorism?”, Dr Brian Victoria of the Oxford Center for Buddhist Studies examines the long history of those calling themselves Buddhists who engaged in warfare, despite Buddhism’s long-standing reputation in the West as a religion of peace.

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Above: To ensure that delegates have an especially memorable experience, IAFOR conferences include tours to places of historic and cultural interest, led by experienced tour guides. Fushimi Inari Grand Shrine in Kyoto, Japan, features an iconic pathway lined with orange torii, each donated by a Japanese business, that creates a 4 km tunnel leading up a mountain behind the shrine. Below left: Professor Ted O’Neill of Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Vice-President (at large) of IAFOR, gives a Keynote Presentation entitled “Change in Japanese Tertiary Education: Implementing Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in Japan” at The Asian Conference on Language Learning 2017 (ACLL2017). Below center: Featured Speaker Professor Mark Pegrum presents on moving beyond web 2.0 when designing authentic mobile learning for everyday contexts in Asia at The Asian Conference on Technology in the Classroom 2017 (ACTC2017). Mark Pegrum is an associate professor in the Graduate School of Education at The University of Western Australia, where he specialises in mobile learning and, more broadly, e-learning. Below right: Professor Barbara Lockee, Associate Director of the School of Education and Associate Director of Educational Research and Outreach at Virginia Tech, USA, explores the changing landscape for instructional design professionals in educational contexts and their potential to serve as change agents in the adoption of learning innovations at ACTC2017. Dr Lockee is Vice-President of IAFOR’s Education Division.

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Above left: During the annual haiku workshop at The Asian Conference on Literature 2017 (LibrAsia2017), Hana Fujimoto of the Haiku International Association, Japan, gives a background and history to haiku and invites participants to write their own poems. Above right: Also at the LibrAsia2017 haiku workshop, Emiko Miyashita, a prominent haiku poet who is also a councillor for the Haiku International Association, and a board member of the JAL Foundation, reads world-famous haiku before inviting audience members to compose haiku of their own. In addition to the yearly haiku workshop, LibrAsia2017 features the IAFOR Vladimir Devidé Haiku Award Ceremony, at which all award-winning entries are read out. The IAFOR Vladimir Devidé Haiku Award is an open competition for previously unpublished haiku written in the English language. The award is for haiku regardless of whether in the traditional or modern style; it transcends haiku divisions and is based only on literary merit. Below left: Celebrated international pianist and former Fulbright scholar Marusya Nainggolan of the University of Indonesia, Indonesia, gives a resounding performance at The Asian Conference on Arts & Humanities 2017 (ACAH2017). Marusya Nainggolan performs music nationally and internationally, as well as teaching European Studies at the University of Indonesia and serving as a music counsellor for studies on music and health in the Indonesian National Health Department. Below right: At The Asian Conference on Arts & Humanities 2017 (ACAH2017) Dr Yutaka Mino, Director of the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art and the Yokoo Tadanori Museum of Contemporary Art, and Honorary Director of the Abeno Harukas Museum of Art, Japan, speaks on “Art and Narrative in the Public Sphere”, examining art as a medium for telling stories and creating narrative, and how curation can be used to contextualise and situate works of art. Bottom left: Professor Georges Depeyrot is a monetary historian at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) in Paris. As part of a Featured Panel Presentation on “Constructing History” at The Asian Conference on Literature 2017 (LibrAsia2017), he discusses the importance of the construction of national history in the creation of personal and national identity. Bottom right: In the same Featured Panel Presentation at The Asian Conference on Literature 2017 (LibrAsia2017), Professor Myles Chilton, a member of the Department of English Language and Literature at Japan’s Nihon University, explores how history shapes our political decisions today, and how we go about building, revising and deconstructing history.

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The IAFOR Documentary Photography Award 2017 Join us as we celebrate the winners of the IAFOR Documentary Photography Award 2017 – an international photography award that seeks to promote and assist in the professional development of emerging documentary photographers and photojournalists.

www.iaforphotoaward.org

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Award Judges

Paul Lowe Founding Judge

Dr Paul Lowe is the Course Director of the Masters Programme in Photojournalism and Documentary Photography at the London College of Communication, University of the Arts London. He was responsible for the development and launch of a new part-time version of the course delivered entirely online using web conferencing, blogs and the VLE, launched in 2008. He is an award-winning photographer whose work is represented by Panos Pictures, and who has been published in Time, Newsweek, Life, The Sunday Times Magazine, The Observer and The Independent, among others. He has covered breaking news around the world, including the fall of the Berlin Wall, Nelson Mandela’s release, famine in Africa, the conflict in the former Yugoslavia and the destruction of Grozny.

He is a consultant to the World Press Photo Foundation in Amsterdam, an independent, non-profit organisation that is a major force in developing and promoting visual journalism worldwide. His book, Bosnians, documenting 10 years of the war and post-war situation in Bosnia, was published in April 2005 by Saqi Books. He regularly contributes to international and national conferences in photography, media and education, and has published chapters in edited books on these themes as well.

Monica Allende Guest Judge

Monica Allende is a photo editor, curator, cultural producer and educator. She is GetxoPhoto Festival Artistic Director from 2017 to 2019, and is the Director of FORMAT17 International Photography. She is currently producing several multidisciplinary projects with artists worldwide, has collaborated with screen projects, and is co-founder of Offspring Photo Meet, London. Previously she was Photo Editor at The Sunday Times Magazine, where she launched the award-winning photography section “Spectrum”. She is a visiting lecturer at the London College of Communication and lectures and teaches workshops in photography at, among others, ScreenLab, London; EFTI, Madrid; Tashkeil, Saudi Arabia; Mentorship Business Programme DEVELOP at the University of Sunderland; Festival di Internazionale a Ferrara; WPP workshop Angola; Magnum Professional Practice Workshops.

She nominates photographers for Deutsche Börse Photography Prize, Prix Pictet and The Joop Swart Masterclass/ World Press Photo, and has served on juries worldwide including World Press Photo, Visa Pour L’image and the National Portrait Gallery’s Taylor Wessing photographic Portrait Prize. She produced and curated Darfur: Images Against Impunity, an exhibition and a book by Stanley Greene, Lynsey Addario and Alvaro Ybarra Zavala. She is the recipient of the Amnesty International Media Photojournalism Award, the Picture Editor’s Award, the Online Press Award and Magazine Design Award for Best Use of Photography. She also writes and consults on photography. Jocelyn Bain Hogg began his career as a unit photographer on movie sets after studying Documentary Photography at Newport Art College. He shot publicity for the BBC, photographed fashion and now works on documentary projects and commercial and editorial assignments. His editorial work features in Vanity Fair, The Sunday Times, The New Yorker, Style.com, Vogue, Elle, Harper’s Bazaar, Lui, Marie Claire, Stern, GQ, Esquire, Le Monde, Cahiers du Cinéma, L’Espresso and La Repubblica amongst others. In 2016 he co-instigated Sea Change as photo director, where as well as photographing British youth for the project he commissioned 12 other photographers to document the issues affecting young people in 12 countries across Europe. A continuing initiative, Sea Change has so far realised a book, an ongoing touring exhibition and workshop programme. Guest Judge In addition to this work, he is the author of six photographic books to date and his first, The Firm, presented an astonishingly intimate view of London’s organised crime world, and won international acclaim, garnering the prestigious Lead Award for portraiture. His latest project, Public House, published in 2016, documented the denizens of a local pub, forced to close due to the lamentable issue of social cleansing in London.

Jocelyn Bain Hogg

In February 2013, he was invited onto the jury of the World Press and was a juror for the Sony World Photography Awards in 2015. He is currently the head of the BA photojournalism and documentary photography course at the UAL LCC in London and is a member of the VII Photo Agency. 124 | IAFOR.ORG | ACAH2018 | #IAFOR

IAFOR Documentary Photography Award 2017 Friday, March 30 | 16:05-16:15 | Museum Auditorium (1F)

Award Winners Screening The IAFOR Documentary Photography Award was launched by The International Academic Forum (IAFOR) in 2015 as an international photography award that seeks to promote and assist in the professional development of emerging documentary photographers and photojournalists. The award has benefitted since the outset from the expertise of an outstanding panel of internationally renowned photographers, including Dr Paul Lowe as the Founding Judge, and Ed Kashi, Monica Allende, Simon Roberts, Jocelyn Bain Hogg, Simon Norfolk and Emma Bowkett as Guest Judges. Now in its third year, the award has already been widely recognised by those in the industry and has been supported by World Press Photo, Metro Imaging, MediaStorm, Think Tank Photo, University of the Arts London, RMIT University, British Journal of Photography, The Centre for Documentary Practice, and the Medill School of Journalism. As an organisation, IAFOR’s mission is to promote international exchange, facilitate intercultural awareness, encourage interdisciplinary discussion, and generate and share new knowledge. In keeping with this mission, in appreciation of the great value of photography as a medium that can be shared across borders of language, culture and nation, and to influence and inform our academic work and programmes, the IAFOR Documentary Photography Award was launched as a competition that would help underline the importance of the organisation’s aims, and would promote and recognise best practice and excellence. Winners of the IAFOR Documentary Photography Award 2017 were announced at The European Conference on Media, Communication & Film 2017 (EuroMedia2017) in Brighton, UK. The award follows the theme of the EuroMedia conference, with 2017’s theme being “History, Story, Narrative”. In support of up-and-coming talent, the IAFOR Documentary Photography Award is free to enter. Image | From the project Single Mothers of Afghanistan by IAFOR Documentary Photography Award 2017 Grand Prize Winner, Kiana Hayeri.

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Supporters The IAFOR Documentary Photography Award is supported by a number of leading institutions, organisations and publications around the world in its aim to promote and recognise best practice and excellence in documentary photography and photojournalism. These partnerships are a testament to the high regard in which the award is held within the photography industry. The IAFOR Documentary Photography Award would like to thank the following organisations for their support:

Sponsorship Opportunities Through social media, product integration, logo placement, potential press coverage, promotion at the Award Ceremony and subsequent exhibitions in Japan, Spain, UAE, USA and UK, you have the opportunity to help bring attention to the work of highly talented photographers. For information on sponsorship opportunities or becoming a supporter of the IAFOR Documentary Photography Award, please contact Thaddeus Pope (tpope@iafor.org).

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Reviewers & Presenters IAFOR depends on the assistance of a large number of international academics and practitioners who contribute in a variety of ways to our shared mission of promoting international exchange, facilitating intercultural awareness, encouraging interdisciplinary discussion and generating and sharing new knowledge. Our academic events would not be what they are without a commitment to ensuring that international norms of peer review are observed for our presentation abstracts. With thousands of abstracts submitted each year for presentation at our conferences, IAFOR relies on academics around the world to ensure a fair and timely peer review process in keeping with established international norms of double-blind peer review. We are grateful for the time, effort and expertise donated by all our contributors.

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Review Committee ACAH2018

Dr Anne-Kathrin Wielgosz Walsh University, USA Dr Divine Ngwa Fuhnwi Protestant University of Central Africa (PUCA), Cameroon Dr Firas Al-Jubouri American University of Sharjah, UAE Professor Jie/Selina Gao Murray State University, USA Professor Joseph Sorensen University of California at Davis, USA Professor Kong Ho Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China Professor Loren Goodman Yonsei University, Republic of Korea

Dr Reena Mittal Dak Degree College, India Dr Rosalina Rara Sarabosing Holy Name University, The Philippines Professor Steve Clark University of Tokyo, Japan Dr Suranti Trisnawati Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia Dr Yi-Chin Shih Tamkang University, Taiwan Dr Yukari Yoshihara University of Tsukuba, Japan

Senior Reviewers ACAH2018

Dr Amy Lee Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Dr Anne-Kathrin Wielgosz Walsh University, USA Dr Barbara Gabriel Carleton University, Canada Dr Cedric Van Eenoo Independent Scholar, USA Dr Divya Athmanathan Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India Dr Fernando Darío González Grueso Tamkang University, Taiwan Professor Hope Yu University of San Carlos, The Philippines Dr James Ellis Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Dr Kar Yue Chan The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Dr Keren Mazuz Hadassah Academic College Jerusalem, Israel Dr Kuo-Yan Wang East China Jiao Tong University, China Dr Lemuel Ekedegwa Odeh Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, Nigeria Dr Li-Ying Lin Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Taiwan Dr Lorna Dimatatac Technological Institute of the Philippines, The Philippines Dr Lutfi Hamadi Lebanese University Branch 5, Lebanon

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Dr Martie Geiger-Ho University of Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam Dr Min-Chia Young Shu-Te University, Taiwan Dr Nguyễn Đức Sơn Dongnai College of Decorative Arts, Vietnam Dr Passawalee Nitikasetsoontorn Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Thailand Dr Paulo Duarte Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium Professor Peng-Sheng You National Chiayi University, Taiwan Dr Reena Mittal Dak Degree College, India Dr Rica Ancheta San Beda College-Alabang, The Philippines Dr Sri Herminingrum Brawijaya University, Indonesia Dr Ting-Fai Yu French Centre for Research on Contemporary China, Hong Kong Dr Umut Burcu Yurtsever Yildiz Technical University, Turkey Dr Vicky Lee Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Dr Xiyin Zhou Paris Diderot University (Paris 7), France Dr Yen Hsu Tatung University, Taiwan

Reviewers ACAH2018

Dr Aloysius Lagana University of Malta, Malta Dr Chi Sum Garfield Lau The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Dr Chollada Thongtawee Silpakorn University, Thailand Professor Chousung Yang National Chi Nan University, Taiwan Dr Christelle Davis The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Dr David Bell University of Otago, New Zealand Professor Fang-Chih Yang National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Dr Hajime Saito University of Tsukuba, Japan Dr I-Chia Chou Wenzao Ursuline University of Languages, Taiwan Professor Jean-Francois Caron Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan Professor Juei-Hsin Wang Graduate Institute of Educational Administration and Policy Development, Taiwan Dr Kai-Su Wu College of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Taiwan

Dr Milton Montejano-Castillo Instituto PolitĂŠcnico Nacional, Mexico Professor Ou Li Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Dr Panida Jongsuksomsakul Naresuan University, Thailand Dr Roselyn Bustos Cebu Technological University, The Philippines Dr Shin-Yi Lee National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Dr Shoshannah Ganz Memorial University, Grenfell Campus, Canada Dr Shu-Yin Yu Ming-Chuan University, Taiwan Dr Sorabud Rungrojsuwan Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand Dr Yen-Ju Hou Shu Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Taiwan Professor Young Mi Cho Wenzao Ursurline University of Languages, Taiwan Ms Yu-Wen Chou Free University of Berlin, Germany

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A-Z Index of Presenters Abbasi, Muhammad Shahmir Shifa College of Medicine, Pakistan Ahmed Fauzi, Tetriana Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Alvionita, Rinta Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Amir, Maayan Haifa University, Israel Amri, Siti Hardiyanti Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Athmanathan, Divya Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India Ayuningsih, Wahyu Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Bell, David University of Otago, New Zealand Bertoni, Roberto Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Boland, Jenise Simon Fraser University, Canada Chan, Debbie University of Western Australia, Australia Chan, Kar Yue The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Chan, Melvin Teck Whye Secondary School, Ministry of Education, Singapore Chan, Michael Hang Seng Management College, Hong Kong Chang, Mei-Hui National Chiayi University, Taiwan Chang, Yu-Ju National Chi Nan University, Taiwan Chen, Wei-Fan Taichung Municipal Hui-Wen High School, Taiwan Chen, Wen-Yan National Chi Nan University, Taiwan Chen, Yen-Chiu National Chiayi University, Taiwan Chen, Yishui Beijing Normal University, China Ching-Chuan, Shen National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Chiu, Wen-Yen National Chiayi University, Taiwan Cho, Young Mi Wenzao Ursurline University of Languages, Taiwan Chou, Yu-Wen Free University of Berlin, Germany Chua, Marijo Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, The Philippines Clark, Lauren Chinese University of Hong Kong in Shenzhen, China Davis, Christelle The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Devine, Julie Star of the Sea College, Australia Dimaggio, Kenneth Capital Community College, USA Dimatatac, Lorna Technological Institute of the Philippines, The Philippines Djoric Francuski, Biljana University of Belgrade, Serbia Ellis, James Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong

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Enguix, Begonya Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Spain Fajrhi, Nur Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Febryandini, Annisa Dewi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Figer, Reggy Hokkaido University, Japan Furuichi, Akira Kobe University, Japan Gabriel, Barbara Carleton University, Canada Ganz, Shoshannah Memorial University, Grenfell Campus, Canada Geiger-Ho, Martie University of Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam Giardino, Alessandro Saint Lawrence University, Italy GonzĂĄlez Grueso, Fernando DarĂ­o Tamkang University, Taiwan Goodman, Loren Yonsei University, Republic of Korea Guo, Yih-Ching Tatung University, Taiwan Hamadi, Lutfi Lebanese University Branch 5, Lebanon Harbers, Ashley Yonsei University, Republic of Korea Helverson, Gwyn Osaka University, Japan Herminingrum, Sri Brawijaya University, Indonesia Ho, Hsuan-Fu National Chiayi University, Taiwan Ho, Kong Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China Ho, Szu-Hsuan National Chiayi University, Taiwan Ho, Yue-Jin The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Hsu, Yen Tatung University, Taiwan Hsu, Yung-Ling National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Hu, Chih-Hsiu National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Huang, Li-Li National Taiwan University, Taiwan Huang, Yi-Hua National Chiayi University, Taiwan Huang, Yueh-Chun National Chiayi University, Taiwan Hyerang, Park Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea Ip, Dan Hiu-Tan The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Kamilah, Mumtazah Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia Kawamura, Yuniya Fashion Institute of Technology & State University of New York, USA Khan, Shameelah AFDA University, South Africa Kim, Jiyoung Sungkyun Institure of Japanese Studies at Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea Kirker, Constance Pennsylvania State University, USA Kuo, Li-An National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan

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A-Z Index of Presenters Lagana', Aloysius (Louis) University of Malta, Malta Lau, Chi Sum Garfield The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Lee, Amy Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Lee, Jason Eng Hun Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Lee, Shin-Yi National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Lee, Shuo Open University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan Lee, Vicky Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Leung, Stanley The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Li, Ou Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Li, Ying-Jung National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Liao, Min-San National Chiayi University, Taiwan Lin, Chun-Wen National Pingtung University of Science & Technology, Taiwan Lin, Li-Ying Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Taiwan Lin, Sung-Po National Chi Nan University, Taiwan Liu, Chun-Hsun National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Liu, Qichen The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Lu, Ying Hsuan National Chiayi University, Taiwan Luga, Jose Mathew University of the Philippines Baguio, The Philippines Luo, Jen-Hung National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Maisarah Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Mak, Hoi Shan Anson Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Markman Zinemanas, Daphna Haifa University, Israel Markovic, Ljiljana University of Belgrade, Serbia Matsumoto, Elida Maria NPO Flaming Elephant, Japan Maylani, Isna Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia Mazuz, Keren Hadassah Academic College Jerusalem, Israel Merone, Umberto Doshisha University, Japan Michael, Michael Yonsei University, Republic of Korea Mina, Pawaris Silpakorn University, Thailand Mishieva, Elena Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation Mittal, Reena Dak Degree College, India Montejano-Castillo, Milton Instituto PolitĂŠcnico Nacional, Mexico Moqadam, Mahbubeh Middle East Technical University, Turkey Muttaqin, Imam Aziz Independent Scholar, Indonesia

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Naito, Sakae Kobe University, Japan Natalia, El Chris Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Indonesia Nitikasetsoontorn, Passawalee Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Thailand O'Donnell, Eliza University of Melbourne, Australia Ochi, Hiromi Hitotsubashi University, Japan Okuyama, Chika Independent Scholar, Japan Paksa, Paninya Bangkok University, Thailand Paprach, Thapthep Silpakorn University, Thailand Po-Dhivejakul, Pannatat Silpakorn University, Thailand Qarimah, Aryana Nurul Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Quinn, Lauren Education Queensland, Australia Rahmaningrum, Alifa Prasasti Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Riman, Raine Melissa Swinburne University of Technology, Malaysia Roux, Peter Saga University, Japan Saito, Hajime University of Tsukuba, Japan Salman, Saira Information Technology University of the Punjab, Pakistan Saputro, Eko Ministry of Finance, Indonesia Satiadarma, Monty Tarumanagara University, Indonesia Sela, Rut Shifra Haifa University, Israel Shih, Yi-Chin Tamkang University, Taiwan Shimbo, Shoso RMIT University, Australia Squires, Ashley New Economic School, Russian Federation Sruoginis, Laima Vilnius University, Lithuania Su, Yu-Chi National Chiayi University, Taiwan Sulistyaningrum The University of Queensland, Australia Sulistyaningtyas Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Suyuti, Ahmad Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Thongtawee, Chollada Silpakorn University, Thailand Tsao, Yung-Chin Tatung University, Taiwan Tseng, Ying-Lun National Chiayi University, Taiwan Tu, Yung-Hsiang Tatung University, Taiwan Ulfa, Maria Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia Van Eenoo, Cedric Independent Scholar, USA Veerasarn, Chayanoot Mahasarakham University, Thailand

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A-Z Index of Presenters Wang, Chen-Ni National Chiayi University, Taiwan Wang, Juei-Hsin Graduate Institute of Educational Administration and Policy Development, Taiwan Wang, Kuo-Yan East China Jiao Tong University, China Wang, Ru-Jer National Taichung University of Education, Taiwan Widiantini, Ikhaputri Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia Widyasari, Rachmi Kumala Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia Wielgosz, Anne-Kathrin Walsh University, USA Wu, Kai-Su Tamkang University, Taiwan Wu, Pinqing Tallinn University, Estonia Wu, Wei-Li Taipei University of Marine Technology, Taiwan Yang, Cheng-Cheng National Chiayi University, Taiwan Yang, Chousung National Chi Nan University, Taiwan Yang, Fang-Chih National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan

p. 87 p. 94 p. 53 p. 86 p. 90 p. 98 p. 88 p. 101 p. 100 p. 74 p. 92 p. 76 p. 49

Yang, Hsiu-Ju Chinese Culture University, Taiwan Yang, Pei-Ling Oriental Institute of Technology, Taiwan Yoshihara, Yukari University of Tsukuba, Japan You, Peng-Sheng National Chiayi University, Taiwan Young, Min-Chia Shu-Te University, Taiwan Yu, Hope University of San Carlos, The Philippines Yu, Shu-Yin Ming-Chuan University, Taiwan Yu, Yu-Wei National Taipei University of Education, Taiwan Yui, Kiyomitsu Kobe University, Japan Yurtsever, Umut Burcu Yildiz Technical University, Turkey Zhao, Wei The University of Huddersfield, UK Zhou, Xiyin Paris Diderot University (Paris 7), France Zhu, Tianyuan Yonsei University, Republic of Korea

p. 50 p. 56 p. 69 p. 75 p. 47 pp. 45, 96 p. 48 p. 74 p. 62 p. 51 p. 102 p. 60 p. 76

Thank You To show our appreciation for your participation, IAFOR would like to offer you a 10% discount off your next IAFOR conference registration. This offer covers any IAFOR conference that you may choose to attend. For more information, please visit www.iafor.org/conferences.

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The European Conference on Arts & Humanities 2018

ECAH2018 BRIGHTON, UK www.ecah.iafor.org

ACAH2018 conference delegates receive a 10% registration discount

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ECAH2018 Conference Theme

"Fearful Futures" Venue & Location: The Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront, Brighton, UK Dates: Monday, July 09, 2018 to Tuesday, July 10, 2018 Final Abstract Submission Deadline: April 20, 2018 Advance Registration Deadline for Presenters: April 23, 2018 Final Registration Deadline for Presenters: May 23, 2018 For the fifth consecutive year, The European Conference on Arts & Humanities (ECAH) will be held alongside The European Conference on Media, Communication & Film (EuroMedia) bringing together delegates from many different national, cultural and linguistic backgrounds to Brighton, UK, to present new research and exchange ideas. This exceptional platform welcomes speakers and delegates for challenging debate and stimulating discussions around the latest concepts and approaches in the Arts, Humanities, Media, Communication and Film. These two events are scheduled simultaneously to maximise opportunities for interdisciplinary discussion and interaction. Registration for either conference allows participants to attend sessions in the other. In conjunction with our Global Partners, including the University of Sussex (UK) and Birkbeck, University of London (UK), we look forward to extending you a warm welcome in 2018. For more information and to submit an abstract visit:

www.ecah.iafor.org or www.euromedia.iafor.org Image | Snow Storm: Steam-Boat off a Harbour's Mouth by J. M. W. Turner (1842)

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Upcoming Events

www.iafor.org/conferences

Kobe, Japan, 2018

Brighton, UK, 2018

April 27–29

June 29 – July 1

The Asian Conference on Language Learning (acll.iafor.org)

The European Conference on Education (ece.iafor.org)

June 1–3

The European Conference on Language Learning (ecll.iafor.org)

The Asian Conference on Cultural Studies (accs.iafor.org) The Asian Conference on Asian Studies (acas.iafor.org)

June 8–10

July 3–4 The European Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences (ecp.iafor.org)

The Asian Conference on the Social Sciences (acss.iafor.org)

The European Conference on Ethics, Religion & Philosophy (ecerp.iafor.org)

The Asian Conference on Sustainability, Energy & the Environment (acsee.iafor.org)

July 6–7

The Asian Conference on Aging & Gerontology (agen.iafor.org)

Tokyo, Japan, 2018

The European Conference on the Social Sciences (ecss.iafor.org) The European Conference on Sustainability, Energy & the Environment (ecsee.iafor.org)

October 5–7

July 9–10

The IAFOR Global Innovation & Value Summit (givs-tokyo.iafor.org)

The European Conference on Arts & Humanities (ecah.iafor.org)

October 9–11

The European Conference on Media, Communication & Film (euromedia.iafor.org)

The Asian Conference on Media, Communication & Film (mediasia.iafor.org)

October 13–15 The Asian Conference on Education (ace.iafor.org) The Asian Undergraduate Research Symposium (AURS) (aurs.iafor.org)

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Upcoming Events

www.iafor.org/conferences

Brighton, UK, 2018

New York, USA, 2018

June 29 – July 1

November 7–9

The European Conference on Education (ece.iafor.org)

The IAFOR Conference on Heritage & the City – New York (hcny.iafor.org)

The European Conference on Language Learning (ecll.iafor.org)

Hong Kong, 2018

July 3–4

December 5-7

The European Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences (ecp.iafor.org)

The IAFOR Conference on Heritage – Hong Kong (heritage-hongkong.iafor.org)

The European Conference on Ethics, Religion & Philosophy (ecerp.iafor.org)

July 6–7 The European Conference on the Social Sciences (ecss.iafor.org) The European Conference on Sustainability, Energy & the Environment (ecsee.iafor.org)

July 9–10 The European Conference on Arts & Humanities (ecah.iafor.org) The European Conference on Media, Communication & Film (euromedia.iafor.org)

Barcelona, Spain, 2018 July 13–15 The IAFOR International Conference on the City (city.iafor.org) The IAFOR International Conference on Global Studies (global.iafor.org)

Honolulu, USA, 2019 January 3–5 The IAFOR International Conference on Education – Hawaii (iicehawaii.iafor.org) The IAFOR International Conference on Sustainability, Energy & the Environment – Hawaii (iicseehawaii.iafor.org)

Learn more about the IAFOR Research Centre at Osaka University

iafor

THE IAFOR RESEARCH CENTRE OSAKA SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC POLICY OSAKA UNIVERSITY

大阪大学大学院国際公共政策研究科OSIPP IAFOR研究センター

The IAFOR Research Centre (IRC) is a politically independent international interdisciplinary think tank based at Osaka School of International Public Policy (OSIPP), at Japan’s Osaka University, that conducts and facilitates international and interdisciplinary research projects. The main focus is to encourage mutual international and intercultural understanding and cooperation in line with IAFOR’s mission of encouraging interdisciplinary discussion, facilitating heightened intercultural awareness, promoting international exchange, and generating and sharing new knowledge. The IRC helps to nurture and capacity build by encouraging students to take part in international conferences and research projects, in line with the Osaka University’s Global 30 commitments from Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). For more information about the IAFOR Research Centre visit: www.osipp.osaka-u.ac.jp/iaforresearchcentre/