RESEARCH
NG HUI SAN
TOOI KAI ROU
GENEVIEVE TAN
CHONG HUI TING
TAN HWA TONG
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INTRODUCTION
Historical costume periods show how people dressed in different eras. They reflect culture, social status, and lifestyle of the time. Each period has unique styles, fabrics, and designs that tell stories about history and human development. Today, these costume periods help us understand the past and inspire fashion, theatre, and art.
JAPANESE
THAILAND
MEXICAN
JAPAN
JAPAN
BACKGROUND OF JAPAN
Japan’s history is extensive though not quite as ancient as the official court records claim, it still spans many centuries It is traditionally divided into several major jidai (periods), each representing a distinct era in the nation’s development Art historians, however, often recognize a greater number of divisions than formal historical classifications, so you might not encounter labels such as “Later Fujiwara Period” in standard historical timelines.
YAYOI PERIOD (c. 900 BCE – AD 250)
JŌMON PERIOD
(c. 10,000 – 200 BC)
A Paleolithic culture so named for the patterns of rope and string they used on their pottery.
An elaborate agricultural and political society. Both the Jōmon and Yayoi periods pre-date written Japanese records Most of what is known about them is from archaeological findings There is a Chinese chronicle that gives an account of a Queen Himiko (or Pimiko), a Yayoi ruler
KŌ
F U N P E R I O D ( c . 2 5 0 – 5 5 2 )
Named after the tumuli, or mound tombs, of leaders of the period Most of our knowledge of what is alternately called the Yamato Period (300 – 710) comes from them. Buddhism came to Japan, prompting a few major wars of religion between Shintō adherents and supporters of the new religion. During this period, Japan lost her foothold in Korea, where she had had a small colony set up.
A S U K A P E R I O D ( 5 5 2 – 6 4 5 )
This period marked the transition from traditional Japan to a Japanese society patterned after that of Imperial China. The writing system of the Chinese, court hierarchies, art styles, even clothing of the Middle Kingdom completely supplanted the native pattern
N A R A P E R I O D ( 7 1 0 – 7 8 4 )
Named after the seat of the Imperial capital, the city of Nara. It was the first time that Japan had a really permanent capital, but interference of the rising Buddhist clergy with court politics led to its premature relocation to Heian.
H E I A N P E R I O D
( 7 8 4 – 1 1 8 3 )
The establishment of the capital in Heian-kyō (“Capital of Peace and Tranquility”; now called Kyōto) marked a sort of golden age for Japan. Some of the greatest men of letters flourished during the soft years of the Heian age, before civil war between rival Minamoto and Taira clans tore it apart.
Kamakura Period (1183–1333)
The Minamoto shoguns established Japan’s first military government in Kamakura Real power, however, was held by the Hōjō regents. After repelling two Mongol invasions (1274, 1281) and facing conflicts between the Imperial court and the shogunate, Japan fell into civil war, dividing the Imperial family into Northern and Southern Courts.
Muromachi Period (1338–1573)
Founded by Ashikaga Takauji in Kyoto’s Muromachi district, this era saw 15 Ashikaga shoguns rule Japan. The early Nanboku-chō period (1336–1392) featured rival Northern and Southern Courts Later, the Ōnin War (1467–1477) devastated Kyoto and greatly weakened the Ashikaga shogunate.
Momoyama Period (1573-1600)
Under Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Japan was unified after years of warfare. His failed invasion of Korea weakened his rule, and after his death, power struggles erupted. The Battle of Sekigahara (1600) ended with Tokugawa Ieyasu’s victory, paving the way for Tokugawa rule
EDO PERIOD (1603 – 1867)
Also called the Tokugawa period. The bakufu of the Tokugawa was established in Edo. The principle marks of the Tokugawa rule was a return to Confucian philosophies. Society became rigidly locked, reams of sumptuary laws were written, and Japan closed her borders. Everything Edo is by definition post-Period for the SCA; yet it is the most frequent era represented in historical Japanese film and TV. The usual caveat: double check everything to avoid the post-Period plague.
MEIJI RESTORATION (1868)
The end of the Tokugawa bakufu and the return to power of the Emperor. It was marked by violent uprisings and a brief, bloody civil war between adherents to the Old Ways and those wanting to open Japan to Europe and the United States and modernize. SCA note: It is from this period that the SCA’s titles of Japanese nobility date; they were in use from 1868 – 1945.
TIMELINE OF JAPANESE COSTUMES
MEIJI PERIOD
Early Meiji ( 1868 - 1879 )
Mid Meiji ( 1880 - 1889 )
Late Meiji ( 1890 - 1912 )