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Workshop Manual
Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ ,
Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1998 ➤ ,
Golf 2004 ➤ , Golf Cabrio 1994 ➤ ,
Golf Cabrio 1998 ➤ , Golf GTI 2005 ➤ ,
Golf Plus 2005 ➤ , Golf Variant 1992 ➤ ,
Golf Variant 1998 ➤ ,
Golf Variant 2007 ➤ , Jetta 2005 ➤ ,
Lupo 1999 ➤ , Lupo 3L 1999 ➤ ,
New Beetle 1999 ➤ ,
New Beetle Cabrio 2003 ➤ ,
New Beetle RSI 2001 ➤ , Passat 1994 ➤ ,
Passat 1997 ➤ , Passat 2006 ➤ ,
Passat Variant 2006 ➤ , Polo 1995 ➤ ,
Polo 2002 ➤ , Polo Classic 1996 ➤ ,
Polo Variant 1998 ➤ , Sharan 1996 ➤ ,
Touareg 2003 ➤ , Vento 1992 ➤
Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive
Edition 05.2014
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List of Workshop Manual Repair Groups
Repair Group
44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry
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Technical information should always be available to the foremen and mechanics, because their carefulandconstantadherencetotheinstructionsisessentialtoensurevehicleroad-worthinessand safety. In addition, the normal basic safety precautions for working on motor vehicles must, as a matter of course, be observed.
16.2 Wheel allocation for Fox, type 5Z model year 2005 to model year 2012
17 Polo model year 1995 to model year 2001
17.1
17.2
Polo, type 6N up to and including 07.95
Wheel allocation for Polo, type 6N up to and including 07.95
17.3 Polo, type 6N from 08.95 up to and including model year 1996
17.4
type 6N from model year 1997 to model year 1999
17.5 Wheel allocation for Polo, type 6N from 08.95 to model year 1999
17.6 Polo, type 6N from model year 2000 to model year 2001
17.7
Wheel allocation for Polo, type 6N from model year 2000 to model year 2001
18 Polo Classic model year 1996 to model year 2002
Classic, type 6KV model year 1996 to model year 2002
19 Polo Variant model year 1998 to model year 2002
19.1 Polo Variant type 6KV model year 1998 to model year 2002
19.2 Wheel allocation for Polo Variant type 6KV model year 1998 to model year 2002
20 Polo from model
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28.2
28.3
28.5
28.7
R32, type 1J model year 2003 to model year 2005
28.8 Conditions for fitting 17" and 18" wheels and tyres of Golf Anniversary GTI
29 Golf model year 2004 to model year 2009
29.1 Golf, Golf 4Motion, type 1K model year 2004 to model year 2006
29.2 Golf, Golf 4Motion, type 1K model year 2007 to model year 2009
29.3 Wheel allocation for Golf, Golf 4Motion, type 1K model year 2004 to model year 2009
30
BlueMotion model year 2008 to model year 2009
30.1 Golf BlueMotion, type 1K model year 2008 to model year 2009
30.2 Wheel allocation for Golf BlueMotion, type 1K model year 2008 to model year 2009
31 Golf GTI model year 2005 to model year 2009
31.1 Golf GTI, type 1K model year 2005 to model year 2008
31.2 Golf GTI, type 1K model year 2009
31.3 Wheel allocation for Golf GTI, type 1K model year 2005 to model year 2009
32 Pirelli Golf model year 2008 to model year 2009
32.1
Golf, type 1K model year 2008 to model year 2009
32.2 Wheel allocation for Pirelli Golf, type 1K model year 2008 to model year 2009
34.1 CrossGolf, type 1KP model year 2007 to model year 2009
34.2
for CrossGolf, type 1KP model year 2007 to model year
Plus, type 1KP model year 2005 to model year 2006
35.2 Golf Plus, type 1KP model year 2007 to model year 2009
35.3 Wheel allocation for Golf Plus, type 1KP model year 2005 to model year 2009
36.1 Golf Plus BlueMotion, type 1KP model year 2008 to model year 2009
36.2 Wheel allocation for Golf Plus BlueMotion, type 1KP model year 2008 to model year 2009
37 Golf Variant model year 1994 to model year 1998
37.1 Golf Variant type 1HX0, Golf Variant Syncro type 1HX1, Golf Variant type 1H
37.2 Wheel allocation for Golf Variant type 1HX0, Golf Variant Syncro type 1HX1, Golf Variant type 1H
38 Golf Variant model year 1999 to model year 2006, Bora Variant model year 1999 to model year 2005
38.1 Golf Variant, Golf Variant 4Motion, Bora Variant, Bora Variant 4Motion, type 1J 317
38.2 Wheel allocation for Golf Variant, Golf Variant 4Motion, Bora Variant, Bora Variant 4Motion, type 1J 320
38.3 Conditions for fitting 17" wheels and tyres
39 Golf Variant model year 2007 to model year 2010
39.1 Golf Variant, Golf Variant 4Motion; type 1KM model year 2007 to model year 2008
39.2 Golf Variant, Golf Variant 4Motion; type 1KM model year 2009 to model year 2010
39.3 Wheel allocation for Golf Variant, Golf Variant 4Motion; type 1KM model year 2007 to model year 2010
40 Golf Variant BlueMotion model year 2008 to model year 2010
40.1 Golf Variant BlueMotion, type 1KM model year 2008 to model year 2010
40.2 Wheel allocation for Golf Variant BlueMotion, type 1KM model year 2008 to model year
Jetta, type 1KM model year 2007 to model year 2008
44
44.1
cabriolet model year 1998 to model year 2002
cabriolet; type 1E from model year 1998 to model year 2002
44.2 Wheel allocation for Golf cabriolet; type 1E from model year 1998 to model year
45 Vento from model year 1992 to model year 1998
45.1 Vento; type 1HX0, 1H
45.2 Wheel allocation for Vento; type 1HX0, 1H
allocation
51.7 Passat Protect, type 3BL model year 2002 to model year 2005
51.8 Wheel allocation for Passat Protect, type 3BL model year 2002 to model year 2005
52 Passat saloon from model year 2006
52.1
saloon, type 3C model year 2007 to model year 2008
52.3 Passat saloon, type 3C model year 2009
52.4 Passat saloon, type 3C model year 2010 to model year 2011
52.5 Wheel allocation for Passat saloon, type 3C
53.2
saloon BlueMotion, type 3C model year 2010 to model year 2011
53.3 Wheel allocation for Passat saloon BlueMotion, type 3C model year 2008 to model year 2011
54 Passat Variant from model year 2006
54.1 Passat Variant, type 3C model year 2006
54.2 Passat Variant, type 3C model year 2007 to model year 2008
54.3
Variant, type 3C model year 2009
54.4 Passat Variant, type 3C model year 2010 to model year 2011
54.5 Wheel allocation for Passat Variant, type 3C model year 2006 to model year 2011
55 Passat Variant BlueMotion from model year 2008
55.1 Passat Variant BlueMotion, type 3C model year 2008 to model year 2009 572
55.2 Passat Variant BlueMotion, type 3C model year 2010 to model year 2011 . . . . . .
55.3 Wheel allocation for Passat Variant BlueMotion, type 3C model year 2008 to model year 2011 575
56 Passat R36 from model year 2008 584
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56.1 Passat R36, type 3C model year 2008 to model year 2009 584
56.2 Passat R36, type 3C model year 2010 to model year 2011 586
56.3 Wheel allocation for Passat R36, type 3C model year 2008 to model year 2011 .
587
57 Sharan from model year 1996 593
57.1 Sharan, Sharan Syncro, type 7M model year 1996 to model year 2000 593
57.2 Wheel allocation for Sharan, Sharan Syncro. Type 7M model year 1996 to model year 2000 596
57.3 Sharan, Sharan 4Motion, type 7M model year 2001 598
57.4 Wheel allocation for Sharan, Sharan 4Motion, type 7M model year 2001
57.5 Sharan, Sharan 4Motion, type 7M model year 2002 to model year 2010
57.6 Wheel allocation for Sharan, Sharan 4Motion, type 7M model year 2002 to model year 2010
58 Sharan BlueMotion from model year 2009
58.1 Sharan BlueMotion, type 7M model year 2009 to model year 2010
58.2
63.27 Summer tyres for Golf Plus BlueMotion from model year 2008
63.28 Summer tyres for Bora, Bora 4Motion model year 1999 to model year 2005
63.29 Summer tyres for Golf Variant, Golf Variant 4Motion model year 1999 to model year 2006, Bora Variant, Bora Variant 4Motion model year 1999 to model year 2005
63.30 Summer tyres for Golf R32
63.31 Summer tyres for Golf Anniversary GTI
63.32 Summer tyres for Golf Variant model year
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65.1
65.2
65.3
65.4
tyres Lupo 3L model year 1999 to model year 2005
tyres Lupo FSI model year 1999 to model year 2005
tyres Lupo GTI model year 1999 to model year 2005
tyres for Polo from model year 2002
65.8 Winter tyres for Polo Fun model year 2004 to model year 2006
for CrossPolo from model year 2006
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65.16
65.21
65.22
Polo Variant model year 1998 to model year 2002
model year 1994 to model year 1998
tyres for Golf BlueMotion model year 2004 to model year 2009
for Golf GTI model year 2005 to model year 2009
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65.29 Winter tyres Golf Variant, Golf Variant 4Motion model year 1999 to model year 2006, Bora Variant, Bora Variant 4Motion model year 1999 to model year 2005
tyres for Golf 32
65.34
Jetta Model Year 2006 to Model Year 2011
65.35 Winter tyres Jetta BlueMotion Model Year 2008
Beetle RSi
65.40 Winter tyres Passat model year 1994 to model year 1997
65.41 Winter tyres Passat model year 1997 to model year 2005
65.43 Winter tyres for Passat Protect
65.44 Winter tyres for Passat saloon from model year 2006
65.45 Winter tyres for Passat saloon BlueMotion from model year 2008
65.46 Winter tyres for Passat Variant from model year 2006
65.47 Winter tyres for Passat Variant BlueMotion from model year 2008
65.48 Winter tyres for Passat R36 from model year 2008
65.49 Winter tyres for Sharan from model year 1996
65.50 Winter tyres for Sharan BlueMotion from model year 2009
65.51 Winter tyres for Touareg model year 2003 to model year 2010
65.52
tyres for Touareg R50 model year 2008 to model year 2010
686
44 –Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry
1General notes on wheels and tyres (passenger cars)
In this chapter you will learn more about tyres and wheels/rims. Tyres are high-tech products that are especially adapted to the requirements of modern vehicles.
As with all highly developed technical products, tyres require propercare,maintenanceandservice.Thisisessentialtoensure safety, performance and comfort for the entire service life of the tyre.
Tyres are constantly being further developed. Quality tyres are the result of modern design methods and production processes, as well as continuous quality checks. All tyres that are recom‐mended by VW have been tested by the technical development department and have been designed specifically for each model in collaboration with the tyre manufacturers.
We therefore recommend fitting only the recommended tyre makes when renewing tyres.
Vehicle safety is the top priority. With regard to the various oper‐ating conditions such as
• differing speed ranges,
• winter and summer use and
• wet and dry roads, the optimal compromise for vehicle safety must be found.
Every tyre is subjected to a wide range of different driving condi‐tions over its entire service life. It is therefore important that the basic requirements for ensuring optimal tyre performance are met.
Proper adjustment of the axle geometry during wheel alignment isanimportantprerequisiteforensuringthemaximumservicelife of the tyre. The wheel alignment must always be within the speci‐fied tolerance range.
Information for wheel alignment ⇒ Running gear, axles, steering; Rep. gr. 44 .
Note
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Normalwearandtearonatyrewillalteritscharacteristics.Rolling noisesorroughrunningcanbetheresultofsuchwear.Theseare simply the symptoms of normal wear and tear and do not consti‐tutedamageinthesenseofthetyrebeingdefective.Youcantake measures to eliminate the symptoms at least to some degree. However, in some cases it may not be possible to eliminate tyre noise completely.
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Special models
Special models are only partly represented in the tables in Ap‐pendix 2 for parts certificate. Modification of these vehicles de‐pends on the engine capacity of the basic model.
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2Legislative and technical conditions for converting wheel and tyre combi‐nations
2.1Legislative conditions for converting wheel and tyre combinations
The manufacturer is issued with a general operating permit (GTA inaccordancewith§20StVZO(Germanroadtrafficandlicensing regulations) and EU operating permit) for the overall vehicle with all parts for specific conversions.
Conversions of wheels and tyres can only be carried out under certain conditions. When doing this, the following points must be observed:
♦ Ifthesizeofwheelandtyre,withanindicationoftheloadindex and the speed symbol, is included in the vehicle GTA and EU operating permit/type approval ⇒ page 7 , this wheel and tyrecombinationcanbefittedonthevehiclewithoutanyprob‐lem.
It is not necessary for the wheel and tyre combination specified in the registration certificate part I (certificate of registration) to be fitted. All combinations approved in the vehicle GTA or EU oper‐ating permit/type approval ⇒ page 7 may be fitted to the vehicle.
♦ For the conversions recommended by VOLKSWAGEN AG (see appendix to parts certificate) there are no general oper‐ating permits in accordance with § 22 StVZO (German road traffic and licensing regulations).
♦ Unless the wheels and/or tyres are included in the relevant vehicleGTAorEUoperatingpermit/typeapproval,thevehicle will no longer meet the requirements of the road traffic regu‐lations if converted.
TheseversionsarebasedontheconditionsvalidintheEuropean Union and no guarantee can be provided for their completeness. Insomecasestherearedifferentlegislativerequirementsoutside the European Union.
The table included in the appendix for parts certificate shows the VOLKSWAGEN AG recommended and TÜV NORD Mobilität GmbH & Co. KG tested wheel and tyre combinations on VW ve‐hicles and also the conditions to be observed for fitting. The use of genuine disc-type wheels on a vehicle to which they have not been allocated is not permissible.
Thelistofpossibleconversionsdealswithcombinationsthatmeet the requirements of VOLKSWAGEN AG with regards to road handlingandroadsafety.Theyaretheresultofpracticaltrialsand are therefore recommended by VOLKSWAGEN AG.
Refer also to the new vehicle registration documents that were issued from 01.10.2005 ⇒ page 6
2.2Technical conditions for converting wheel and tyre combinations
• Thewheelandtyrecombinationsandconversionslistedinthe tables of the individual vehicles refer exclusively to Volkswa‐gen genuine disc-type wheels.
• Approval of wheel and tyre combinations or a change to wheels from the accessories trade is not possible with the parts certificate attached here.
• Tubeless radial tyres may only be fitted to rims with a safety hump feature on the shoulder.
• Tyres with run-flat properties (reinforced side walls) may only be used on disc-type wheels with an extended hump and on vehicles with a tyre pressure monitoring system ⇒ page 56
• If the wheel and tyre combinations listed are used, the asso‐ciated tyre inflation pressures must be adhered to. The tyre inflationpressuresforsummertyrescanbefoundonthestick‐erontheinsideofthetankflaporinthetablesoftheindividual vehicles.
• Sufficient clearance to the wheels and tyres at parts of the wheel housing, suspension and braking system is assured if thenotesandspecificationsestablishedinthepartscertificate are observed in all operating conditions.
• Unlessotherwisestated,snowchainsmayonlybefittedtothe drive wheels. On all-wheel drive vehicles, however, only the front wheels may be fitted with snow chains.
2.3Additional wheel housing extensions (flaps)
For technical reasons some vehicles require wheel housing ex‐tensions (flaps) on the wing or bumper -arrows- when using certain wheel and tyre combinations.
Please check if there is a requirement to remove the flaps.
The information is located in the overview table for the respective vehicle.
2.4“Series 80” tyres
Tyres of the “80” series (e.g. 145/80 R 13 74 S) will replace the “82” series (e.g. 145/82 R 13 74 S). Lawmakers have stipulated that“82”seriestyresmaybereplacedby“80”seriestyreswithout having been entered in the vehicle documents.
The condition for this is that the “80” series tyres have the same width, be of the same type – cross-ply or radial belted – and have the same or higher load index.
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Ifonly“80”seriestyresareenteredinthevehicledocuments,“82” series tyres may only be used if an entry has been made in the vehicle documents.
2.5Vehicles with Plus running gear
The Plus running gear differs from the basic running gear in the following components:
♦ Suspension link
♦ Swivel joint
♦ Wheel bearing housing
♦ Anti-roll bar with coupling rod (not on Passat)
♦ Drive shaft
♦ Wheel hub
♦ Brake disc
♦ Brake caliper
♦ Wheel rim
One of the identifying features of the Plus running gear is the connection between the swivel joint and the wheel bearing hous‐ing.
A - Connection between swivel joint and wheel bearing housing on basic running gear
B - Connection between swivel joint and wheel bearing housing on Plus running gear
The 5 wheel bolts on each wheel are the most visible identifying feature. The Passat VR6 to 09.93 is an exception. From 06.91, this vehicle was produced with 5 wheel bolts, but was gradually equipped with the Plus running gear from 02.92.
Overview - vehicles with Plus running gear
Golf GTI From 1992
Golf GTI 16V From 1993
Golf VR6 From 1992
Golf VR6 Syncro From 1994
Vento GT From 1992
Vento VR6 From 1992
Passat 16V From 1994
Passat VR6 From 1994
Passat VR6 Syncro From 1994
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3Documents and codes/designations
3.1New vehicle registration documents since 01.10.2005
The implementation of EU Directive 1999/37/EU "Registration Documents for Vehicles" in national law and legal requirements for data protection have necessitated the introduction of new, fal‐sification-proof registration documents.
Since 01.10.2005, only the new documents are issued by the registration authorities in the event of new registrations, change of ownership, registration of technical modifications and all other matters.
The new registration documents are comprised of:
♦ Registration certificate part I, which replaces the certificate of registration and
♦ Registration certificate part II, which replaces the vehicle log book.
Registration certificate part I (certificate of registration)
♦ Contains all vehicle technical data which must be available to registeravehicleinEurope;however,onlyonewheelandtyre combination approved as standard is specified
♦ Contains the EU-wide, standardised, alphanumerical codes assignedtothetechnicaldata,sothattheGermanregistration certificate can be converted without problems into the regis‐tration document prescribed in non-member European coun‐tries for registration there
♦ Contains a field for documenting temporary or final immobili‐sation of the vehicle, and is therefore no longer withdrawn in the event of temporary or final immobilisation
Registration certificate part II (vehicle log book)
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♦ Contains the note that the holder of the registration certificate is not identified as the owner
♦ Contains only the current and, if applicable, the last vehicle owner; the actual number of previous owners is shown nu‐merically
♦ Contains only a small percentage of the technical vehicle data
♦ No longer serves to document temporary vehicle deregistra‐tion. The vehicle and body type specified under number 1 in theoldvehicledocumentswillnotexistinthefuture.Inthenew documents, this will be replaced by standardised EU vehicle classes with body type
Introduction of the new registration documents will lead to barely any changes for the vehicle operator.
Like the old certificate of registration, the registration certificate part I (certificate of registration) must be kept in the vehicle and submitted to responsible persons on request.
It is not necessary for the wheel and tyre combination specified in the registration certificate part I (certificate of registration) to be fitted.Allcombinationsapprovedaccordingtothegeneralvehicle type approval or EU type approval ⇒ page 7 may be fitted.
The validity of a wheel and tyre combination which deviates from the general vehicle type approval or EU type approval must still be verified via an entry in the registration certificate part I (certif‐icate of registration), an installation certificate based on a part Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
certificate or general type approval for the wheel and tyre combi‐nation.
3.2 COCdocument(EECCertificateofCon‐formity)
Manufactures of motorized vehicles must apply for an EU oper‐ating permit for all class M1 passenger carrying vehicles.
Acertificateisproducedonthebasisofthisoperatingpermit-the COC (Certificate of Conformity).
This document certifies that the vehicle complies with the EU op‐erating permit (EU type approval) and can be registered in every EU country without an individual type approval.
The document will be issued for all vehicles that comply with the EU operating permit.
These vehicles have an EU type plate (black sticker) in the area of the driver's door, or in the case of older vehicles, in the engine compartment.
The COC document has the same value as the registration docu‐ment and therefore the original should not be carried on the vehicle.
The COC document contains the EU general type approval num‐ber and detailed technical information on the vehicle such as emissionsclassificationandallthepermittedwheelandtyrecom‐binations.
3.3Official type designations
AGdoesnotguaranteeoracceptanyliabilitywi
PassengercarslicensedforroaduseinGermanyneedageneral type approval for the issue of a vehicle title document.
The type approval is issued by the Federal Ministry for Transport in Flensburg following type inspection. This procedure was per‐mitteduntil31.12.1997and,inexceptionalcases,evenafterthat.
Other member states of the European Union (EU) have different procedures for issuing a document similar to the German title document. Until 31.12.1997, each member state was entitled to issue its own national type approvals according to its own proce‐dures.
Since 1.1.1998, all passenger cars licensed within the European UnionmusthaveatypeapprovalcorrespondingtoEUguidelines. Vehicles licensed for road use with single-vehicle approval ac‐cording to § 21 StVZO in Germany are excepted.
This means the same guidelines apply to all vehicle manufactur‐ers. This makes it easier to trade across national borders within the EU.
Official type approval, sales or trade designation
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Inthefollowingtable,allVWvehicleswhichalreadyhaveEUtype approval are listed in the column "EU type".
All VW vehicles which were granted type approval according to the procedure valid up to 31.12.97 are listed in the column "Gen‐eral type approval (GTA)"
If entries appear in both columns "General type approval (GTA)" and "EU type", there exist vehicles of this model which are ap‐provedaccordingtoboththeStVZOandtheEUguidelines.Inthis case, one must first establish what sort of vehicle one has. There are two possibilities:
Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
type approval number of the EU type approval number is entered here, assuming it is the original vehicle title document. This is the caseonlyifthevehiclewasnotderegisteredinthepastforlonger than 12 months.
2. possibility
Check whether the general type approval number or the EU type approval number is entered on the vehicle identification plate.
Official type designation for vehicles with Sales or trade designation GTA type EU type
- 6E
- 6ES
- 6X
6N 6N
- 6KV
- 9N
1HX0 1H
1HX0 1H
Lupo 3L, Lupo FSI
Lupo GTI
Lupo 1999 >
Polo 1995 > (A03)
Polo Classic 1996 > (A13); Polo Variant 1998 > (A23)
Polo 2002 >; Polo Fun 2004 >; Cross Polo 2006 > (A04)
Since 1.1.1998, all passenger cars licensed within the European UnionmusthaveatypeapprovalcorrespondingtoEUguidelines. Vehicles licensed for road use with single-vehicle approval ac‐cording to § 21 StVZO in Germany are excepted.
This means the same guidelines apply to all vehicle manufactur‐ers. This makes it easier to trade across national borders within the EU.
The COC document contains the EU general type approval num‐ber and detailed technical information on the vehicle such as emissionsclassificationandallthepermittedwheelandtyrecom‐binations ⇒ page 7
EU general type approval model code (type approval model code)
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4Useful information regarding tyres
4.1Identification markings on the tyre sidewall
Example: Continental ContiPremiumContact 2
1 - Size code
❑e.g. 205/55 R 16 ⇒ page 11
2 - Position of TWIs (Tread Wear Indicators)
3 - Manufacturer (trade name)
4 - Construction
❑Radial - radial cord di‐rection in carcass
❑Tubeless - code for tubeless tyres
5-Loadcapacityindex/speed rating
❑e.g. 91 ⇒ page 12
❑e.g. H ⇒ page 11
6 - Specified direction of rota‐tion/installation for tyre
7 - Maximum permissible load
❑Data for North America
8 - Maximum permissible tyre pressure
❑Data for North America
9 - Number of plies in the cen‐tre of the tread and in the side‐walls as well as information about the material
10-Enumber=Approvalnum‐ber
❑Tyre fulfils European guidelines
11 - Manufacturer code / date of manufacture
❑Identification number for manufacturer's plant, tyre size and tyre model
❑Tyre ageing / date of manufacture ⇒ page 14
12 - DOT - Department of Transportation
❑Tyre fulfils standards of the Department of Transportation of the United States of America
13 - Marking for Brazil
14 - Marking for China
15 - Country of origin
❑e.g. manufactured in Germany (Made in Germany)
16 - Safety notes for use or fitting of tyre
17 - Relative expected service life - abrasion resistance
❑based on a US standard test
18 - Rating of wet-braking traction, A, B or C
❑According to a US test
19 - Rating of temperature resistance, A, B or C
❑According to a US test
20 - Identifying tyres with run-flat properties
❑e.g. self-supporting run-flat
❑Identifying tyres with run-flat properties ⇒ page 56
21 - Tread pattern
❑e.g. ContiPremiumContact
4.2Explanation of tyre markings
Explanation of tyre dimensions
1 -Tyre width
2 -Aspect ratio in %
3 -Code for tyre construction “R” indicates radial
4 -Rim diameter designation
5 -Load rating code/load index (LI)
6 -Speed rating code
7 -Winter tyre/code for all-season tyre
Speed rating / maximum speed
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Load rating code / load index (LI)
Theloadratingcanbefoundonthesidewallofthetyre.Itprovides information about the maximum load that the tyre can bear.
The load rating is included in the size designation of the tyre (e.g. 195/65 R 15 91T). It is indicated on the tyre as a code according to ETRTO. The following table shows the load rating codes used at VW with the corresponding load capacity of the tyres.
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4.3Speed ratings for tyres
The speed rating (e.g. “T”) following the size of the tyre (e.g. 185/65 R 14 86T)) indicates the maximum permitted speed (vmax) of the tyre.
The tyres for the vehicle must be selected so that their maximum permitted speed is greater than the maximum speed that the ve‐hicle (“based on model”) can attain.
Vehicles with national type approval
If the vehicle has a national type approval, the maximum speed for the vehicle is calculated as follows:
Formula for vehicles with vmax up to 150 km/h
vmax = 1.03 x v + 3.5 km/h ⇒ page 13
Example: Specified maximum speed v = 145 km/h
vmax = 1.03 x 145 km/h + 3.5 km/h = 152.85 km/h
In this example, a tyre with the speed rating “Q” or higher must be used.
Formula for vehicles with vmax above 151 km/h
vmax = 1.01 x v + 6.5 km/h ⇒ page 13
Example: Specified maximum speed v = 163 km/h
vmax = 1.01 x 163 km/h + 6.5 km/h = 171.13 km/h
In this example, a tyre with the speed rating “S” or higher must be used.
Vehicles with EC type approval
If your vehicle has an EC type approval, the maximum speed for all vehicles is calculated as follows:
vmax = 1.05 x v ⇒ page 13
Example: Specified maximum speed v = 172 km/h
vmax = 1.05 x 172 km/h 180.60 km/h
In this example, a tyre with the speed rating “T” or higher must be used.
Note
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It is permitted to use tyres with a higher speed rating. The same applies to tyres with a higher load index.
Radial depressions are slight concavities in the tyre sidewall. They run from the bead towards the shoulder of the tyre. These parts appear in the figure ⇒ page 42
The cause is the accumulation of material at the joints of the tyre components.
Undulations have no effect on:
♦ Safety,
♦ Service life,
♦ Handling or
♦ Other characteristics of the tyre.
Undulations are visible to varying extents. It is not necessary to inspect the tyre or remove it from the rim.
What causes undulations?
Modern steel belted tyres are constructed with single-ply side walls to save weight.
The sidewall components consist of long strips before they are joined together to form a tyre. They must overlap at the joints. Consequently, slight irregularities or waves are created in the areaoftheoverlappingparts.Theoverlapsareeasiertoseefrom the outside due to the single-ply construction.
Of course, tyre damage occurs only if the tyre is in contact with the chemical for a relatively long time. If a few drops of fuel land on a tyre during a fill up, this is of no concern.
Storing the tyres
Complete wheels
Tyres mounted on wheels can be stored flat, stacked one upon the other. In this case, it is important to ensure that the tyres are clean and dry. The inflation pressure should be increased to a maximum of 3 bar.
Tyres without wheels
Tyres without wheels are best stored standing vertically. If tyres arestackedforalongperiodoftime,theywillbepressedtogether quite considerably. The tyres will then be more difficult to fit, as they do not sit on the rim shoulders. If tyres are stored standing vertically, it is recommended to turn them every 14 days to avoid flat spots.
4.6Tyre ageing
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Tyres age as a result of physical and chemical processes, which can impair the function of the tyres. Tyres which are stored for longerperiodsoftimehardenandbecomebrittlefasterthantyres whichareconstantlyinuseonavehicle.Oldertyresmaydevelop hairline cracks as a result of ageing. When tyres are in regular use, the constant flexing activates softeners in the rubber, pre‐venting hardening and the development of cracks.
It is therefore important to take into account not only the tread depth,butalsotheageofsparetyres,storedtyresandtyreswhich are not permanently in use. The tyre age can be determined from Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
intheDOTdesignation,whichincludestheproductiondateofthe tyre.
Example of a DOT number to 31.12.1999
DOT 5 0 9 <
Stands for 199_
Last digit is production year
Week
In this example, the production date is the 50th week of 1999.
Example of a DOT number from 01.01.2000
DO T . 0 1 0 0
Last 2 digits is production year
Week
In this example, the production date is the 1st week of 2000.
Recommendation
♦ It is recommended not to use summer and winter tyres which are older than 6 years anymore. The original properties dete‐riorate due to the aging process. Winter tyres especially lose their adhesion properties.
♦ When new tyres are fitted, the spare tyre may also be used if it is in flawless condition and is not more than 6 years old. The age of the tyre has a great influence on the high-speed capa‐bility of the tyre. It is possible to combine a spare tyre which is several years old with new tyres; however, this can have an adverse influence on car handling.
♦ Tyres are constantly being further developed, which can lead, for example, to slight changes in the rubber compound, even if the tyres are of the same make, size and tread pattern.
♦ All VW vehicles are factory-fitted with four identical tyres and wheels.
Front-wheel drive vehicles:
♦ For reasons of safety, tyres of the same make and with the same tread pattern should be mounted on one axle.
Four-wheel drive vehicles:
♦ Vehicles with four-wheel drive must always be equipped with four wheels with tyres of the same size, construction, tread pattern and make.
Renewing tyres
Tyres must always be renewed when:
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• the legal minimum tread depth of 1.6 mm is reached,
• there is visible mechanical damage
4.7Winter tyres
Use of winter tyres
Asof01.05.2006,achangetotheGermanroadtrafficregulations (StVO) came into force which caused the following supplement to be made: "The equipment in motor vehicles has to be adapted totheweatherconditions.Inparticular,thisincludessuitabletyres and antifreeze in the windscreen washing system."
Please point out to customers that, since May 1st 2006, they are legally obliged to adapt their vehicle's equipment, particularly the tyres, to winter weather conditions.
Fordrivinginwinter,werecommendthatthevehiclebeequipped with winter tyres in the sizes recommended in table 2 of the parts certificates.
As a basic rule:
All tyre sizes listed in the vehicle documents can also be used as winter tyres.
The handling characteristics may be affected by the use of winter tyresandthepossiblechangeinthedimensionsofthewheeland tyre. Therefore, when using winter tyres, you must adapt your speed to the changed handling characteristics and to the road conditions.
To achieve the best possible handling, winter tyres must be fitted on all wheels.
If the vehicle is equipped with rims other than the factory-fitted rims, you must take the following into consideration when you fit winter tyres:
♦ Wheels and wheel bolts are matched.
♦ Wheneverthewheelsarechanged,correspondingwheelbolts of the correct length and with the correctly shaped tapered seats are used 1). The secure fit of the wheels and the func‐tioning of the brakes depends this.
♦ The suitability of winter tyres with less than 4…5 mm tread depth for winter operation is limited.
♦ Some countries require winter tyres to have a tread depth of at least 4 mm.
♦ We recommend that winter tyres be replaced after no more than six years. The special “winter properties” of these tyres decline with age, regardless of how much they are used.
Vehicles
with tyre pressure control
On vehicles with tyre pressure control, the tyre inflation pressure hastoberesavedormatchedwhenchangingoverbetweensum‐mer and winter tyres ⇒ Workshop manual - Running gear - for relevant model .
1) A spherical cap is the curved surface of a section of a sphere cut by a plane. The tapered seats on the wheel bolt and in the wheel (rim) in the wheel bolt holes are spherical caps.
4.8Winter tyres with speed symbol “V”
The tyre industry now supplies winter tyres with speed symbol "V".Butonlyundercertainconditionsmaythesetyresbeusedup to the maximum permitted speed vmax = 240 km/h.
Vehicles with V tyres
Vehicles requiring V tyres according to the vehicle's title docu‐mentcanusewintertyreswithspeedsymbolVwithoutrestriction at speeds up to vmax =240 km/h.
Vehicles with W, Y or ZR tyres:
Under certain circumstances, vehicles requiring W, Y or ZR tyres according to the vehicle's title document may not be driven at speeds of vmax = 240 km/h.
Why?
V summer tyres and V winter tyres without special identification ⇒ page 17 have 100 % of their maximum load capacity (as Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
specified by their load index “LI”) ⇒ page 17 only up to speeds of 210 km/h.
Travelling at over 210 km/h is possible with V winter tyres only if themaximumloadofthetyresisnotexceeded.Theloadcapacity of the tyres decreases as the speed increases.
The maximum permitted axle load and the maximum achievable speed of some VW vehicles are so high that the load capacity of the V tyres is not sufficient for speeds of up to 240 km/h.
example: Tyre 205/55 R 16 91V
The load index (LI) 91 certifies that this tyre has a load capacity of 615 kg per tyre at up to 210 km/h.
At a speed of 240 km/h, this tyre can carry a load of only 560 kg, i.e. the axle load may not exceed 1120 kg.
The Passat Variant V6 4Motion has a permitted axle load of 1150 kg and an achievable maximum speed of 232 km/h. This vehicle may only travel at speeds of up to 230 km/h with V winter tyres.
This applies to all V winter tyres without special markings.
4.9Extra Load (XL) V winter tyres
V winter tyres marked XL have a higher load capacity than V win‐ter tyres without this code.
XL V winter tyres allow a higher speed, but this does not mean that the top speed of a V tyre is 240 km/h for every VW car.
The same conditions apply to these tyres as to V winter tyres without a special code!
Tyre pressure for Extra Load V tyres
The following table ⇒ page 17 shows how fast VW cars may drive with V winter tyres, depending on their respective axle load.
4.10Maximum speeds for V and Extra Load (XL) winter tyres
kW VR6
kW VR6
1994 >
kW VR6
kW TDI
kW V6
kW V6
kW V6
2001 > 2.8l/142 kW V6
Passat 2001 > 2.8l/142 kW V6
kW V6
Passat W8
Passat W8
Passat W8
Passat Protect
kW V6
kW W8
Sharan 2001 > 2.8l/150 kW VR6
Sharan 2001 > 2.8l/150 kW VR6
Registration regulations in the Federal Republic of Germany
Onlywhenwintertyresareinusemaythetopspeedthatavehicle canachievebegreaterthanthemaximumspeedspecifiedbythe speed symbol of the tyre.
In this case, a label stating the following must be attached: Important! Winter tyres! Maximum speed … km/h
Note
Thislabelmustbeclearlyvisibletothedriver!
Winter tyre inflation pressures
Tyrepressureinformationislocatedonthetyrepressureplateon the inside of the tank flap or on the driver side B-pillar.
4.11Reinforced and Extra Load (XL) tyres
Some tyre manufacturers have for some time replaced the des‐ignation “Reinforced” with the designation “Extra Load”. This designation has long been standard in non-European countries. Technically, there is no difference between them.
Some tyre manufacturers also use the designation “XL” for Extra Load tyres.
Tyres with the designation “Reinforced” or “Extra Load (XL)” are of equal quality.
4.12Snow chains
Snow chains must be fitted to driven wheels only.
On all-wheel drive vehicles, however, only the front wheels may be fitted with snow chains.
It is not possible to use snow chains with all wheel and tyre com‐binations. Notes on this can be found in the vehicle tables of the parts certificate.
If no particular type of snow chain is specified, then small-link chainsmaybeused.These,includingthechainfastener,maynot Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
Onsomemodels,onlyspecial,small-linkchainsarepossiblewith certain wheel and tyre combinations. Notes on this can be found in the vehicle tables of the parts certificate.
The maximum speed permitted by law when driving with snow chains is 50 km/h.
Snow chains should be removed when there is no snow on the road. There is no point in having them on the wheels, as they adversely affect the vehicle's handling. It causes unnecessary stress on the tyres and above average wear on the chains.
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5 Tyrewear/mileageforpassengercar tyres
5.1General
A tyre has to meet numerous requirements ⇒ page 20 .
Different types of tyres meet these requirements to varying de‐grees.
Depending on the conditions in which the tyres are used and on the type of vehicle, some requirements will be more important than others.
H, V, and Z tyres for “high-performance vehicles” are expected to have good grip on wet and flooded roads. However, mileage per‐formance cannot be as good for tyres of this type as it is, for example, in the case of S or T tyres.
5.2Requirements to be met by tyres
A - Wet braking properties
B - Driving comfort
C - Steering accuracy
D - Driving stability
E - Tyre weight
F - Life expectancy
G - Rolling resistance
H - Aquaplaning
The pie chart illustrates to what extent the tyre meets the various requirements. The tyre in this example (with its specific structure and rubber composition) would meet the requirements listed above (A to H) to the extent indicated by the size of the segments of the pie.
Improvingoneofthecharacteristicswillhaveanegativeeffecton one of the others.
Example:
Animprovementinwetbrakingproperties-A-leadstoareduction in driving comfort -B-, rolling resistance -G- and life expectancy -F-.
The life expectancy of passenger vehicle tyres does not just de‐pend on the rubber composition and design of a tyre. The condi‐tions for use, the vehicle-specific circumstances and driving style have a heavy influence on the service life of a tyre.
Modern vehicles enable comfortable and economic driving, but also a more "sporty" driving style. A tyre life of 5,000 to 40,000 km or more is possible.
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5.3Wear behaviour of high-speed tyres
Thesetyresaredesignedforveryhighspeeds.Whendeveloping these tyres, good grip in wet conditions is the main objective. The tread compositions do not have the same wear resistance as T and H tyres for lower speeds.
The life expectancy of high-speed tyres is therefore considerably lower in comparable conditions of use.
5.4Factors
influencing the service life of a tyre
The following factors influence a tyre's service life to varying de‐grees.
Driving style:
♦ Speed ⇒ page 21
♦ Braking ⇒ page 21
♦ Acceleration ⇒ page 22
♦ Cornering ⇒ page 22
For more information about driving style: ⇒ page 21
Maintenance:
♦ Tyre pressure ⇒ page 22
For more information about maintenance: ⇒ page 22
Environment:
♦ Road surface
♦ Ambient temperature and climate
Vehicle:
♦ Weight
♦ Dynamic toe and camber settings
Tyre use:
♦ Speed range
♦ Wet or dry
Tyre type: Winter or summer
5.5Driving
style
I. Steady driving without deceleration or acceleration
Example:
II. Braking (driving style)
Most wear is caused during braking.
Example: Braking from a speed of 50 km/h
2) g = Freefall acceleration: 9.81 m/s2
3) A deceleration of 0.4 x g corresponds to heavy braking.
III. Acceleration (driving style)
Slip caused when driving off gently is approximately the same as that caused when driving at a constant speed of 100 km/h.
Example:
IV. Driving through curves (driving style)
A »sporty« driving style and driving at higher speeds also cause greater wear when driving through corners.
In practice, this means that wear is increased 16-fold when the cornering speed is doubled. This is the price that has to be paid for going faster.
Example: Driving through a curve with a radius of 150 m
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4) g = gravitational acceleration: 9.81 m/s2
5.6Tyre maintenance
Tyre pressure
The weight of the vehicle causes the tyre contact area to flatten. This in turn causes the running surface and the entire ply of the tyre to be continually deformed when a tyre is rolling. If the tyre is underinflated, the amount of flex is higher, resulting in a greater increase in heat and increased rolling resistance. This then leads to increased wear and poses a greater safety risk.
Example: Specified standard tyre pressure with cold tyres, ac‐cording to vehicle load
If tyre pressure is too high, this will result in poor rolling comfort and increased wear across the centre of the tread. We recom‐mend always to maintain the tyre pressure specified by the man‐ufacturer.
Treaddepthovertyreservicelifeforvehicleswithfour-wheeldrive and V-rated tyres
P - Tread depth
S - Mileage covered
1 - Front axle
2 - Rear axle
Diagrams 1 and 2 show that the tread on a new tyre wears faster than that on a heavily used tyre. As the wear curve is not linear, it is not possible to estimate the tyre service life on the basis of wear after the first 5,000 km.
On front-wheel drive vehicles, the front tyres not only have to transmit the steering and driving forces, but also the greater part of the lateral and braking forces. This causes the front tyres on front-wheeldrivevehiclestowearmuchfasterthanthereartyres. Even tyre wear can be achieved by rotating (interchanging) the front and rear tyres on a regular basis. Rotating wheels
⇒ page 68
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5.7Evenly worn tyres
The requirements to be met by tyres are increasing continuously. This is caused by the following factors:
♦ greater vehicle weight
♦ high speeds
♦ high level of vehicle safety
Greater loads on the tyre will, of course, lead to an increase in tyre wear.
Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
Driving style has a critical effect on tyre wear. For this reason, customerclaimsregardingtyrewearonevenlyworntyresarenot covered by the warranty.
The effective service life of a tyre can be determined only when the remaining tread depth has reached 2 mm (see diagrams ⇒ page 23 ).
5.8Measuring
tread depth
Note
♦ Thetreaddepthismeasuredinthemaintreadchannels.
♦ DonotmeasureattheTWIs(TreadWearIndicators).
Measure the tread depth in the main tread channel, at the points where the tyre is worn most heavily. The position of the TWIs can be seen at various points on the shoulder of the tyre
⇒ Item 2 (page 10)
A “Δ” or the manufacturer's “logo” may appear in the place of “TWI”.
ThebarsoftheTWIhaveaheightof1.6mm.Thisistheminimum tread depth required by German law.
Different values may apply in other countries.
TheTWIsmustnotbeincludedinthemeasurement.Treaddepth should always be measured at the deepest point of the tread channel.
A - TWIs in the main tread channels
B - Main tread channels with TWIs -arrows-
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5.9One-sided wear
This is often caused by driving style, but can be the result of in‐correct wheel alignment.
Increased one-sided wear
One-sided wear, usually in conjunction with signs of scuffing on the ribs of the tread and in the fine grooves, always occurs when thetyreshavebeenallowedtorollwithanextremetyreslipangle, causing them to »rub« on the road surface.
Driving fast on a stretch of road with lots of curves will cause in‐creased wear, in particular on the outer shoulder.
A rounded outer shoulder on the tyre in conjunction with a partic‐ularly high degree of wear on the outer tread blocks indicates fast cornering. This wear pattern is influenced by driving style.
Tooptimisehandling,thesuspensionissettospecifiedtoe-inand camber values. Increased one-sided wear can be expected if tyres are allowed to roll under conditions which differ from those specified.
One-sidedwearisespeciallylikelyifthetoeandcamberhavenot been set correctly. Moreover, there is a greater risk of diagonal washout.
Toe-out or negative toe-in
Distance between front of wheels -A- is greater than distance be‐tween rear of wheels -B- (-C- = direction of travel).
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Toe-in or positive toe
Distance between front of wheels -A- is less than distance be‐tween rear of wheels -B- (-C- = direction of travel).
Topreventone-sidedwear,caremustbetakentoensurethatthe wheel is set within the tolerance specified by the vehicle manu‐facturer. The most frequent deviation of the wheel alignment is caused by external influences, for example hard contact with the kerbstone when parking.
By measuring the axle geometry, you can check whether the wheel alignment is within the specified tolerances or whether it has to be corrected.
Running gear modifications
Using “suspension-lowering kits” and/or alloy wheels that have not been recommended by VW may result in altered wheel posi‐tions which deviate from the specified alignment.
Even if the axle geometry is correct with the vehicle stationary during wheel alignment, the changed vehicle height and wheel positions can cause the wheel suspension to move differently during operation.
Uneven wear is then unavoidable.
Unsuitable use of self-levelling adjustments on pneumatic sus‐pension system
The use of the offroad level is recommended only for driving off‐road. Permanent use of the offroad level during normal road operation can lead to increased tyre wear as the height of the wheel position is different to the road level.
The way to prevent one-sided tyre wear is to ensure the wheel alignment is correct on one hand and on the other hand to make sure the vehicle is used only for its intended purpose:
Regular servicing of the vehicle and tyres helps to prevent tyre wear. The following should be noted in particular with regards to this:
♦ The prescribed minimum tyre inflation pressures must be ad‐hered to.
♦ Different wear on the front and rear axle depending on the driving style is unavoidable. This condition can be compensa‐ted for by rotating the wheels from front to rear. The ideal opportunity to do this, for example, is during the seasonal change between winter and summer tyres. This change also has a positive side effect in that the tyres can wear down equally, meaning that a completely new set of tyres can be fitted. This prevents differences between the tread depths of the tyres on each axle, which can have negative effects on road holding.
♦ Sawtoothformationisanormalwearpattern,particularlyifthe driving style is very careful ⇒ page 30 . This can lead to in‐creased rolling noise, which generally becomes better as the tread depth decreases. In the event of light saw tooth forma‐tion or if saw tooth formation is just starting, exchanging the wheels between axles is normally sufficient. If saw tooth for‐mation is very pronounced, the wheels have to be changed in accordance with ⇒ page 30 so their direction of rotation is reversed.
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♦ Some tread patterns may create an impression of premature wear: if winter tyre sipes or channels in the tread are worn down, only compact profile blocks without patterns remain, thus giving the impression of a worn tyre. In this case, the re‐maining tread depth must be measured in each groove. If this is at or below the minimum tread depth, the tyre can continue to be used without restrictions. (In Germany, the minimum is 1.6 mm; it is recommended, and in Austria, required, that win‐tertyresthatareworndownto4mmbeusedonlyinsummer)
5.10Outer shoulder wear
Unsuitable use of self-levelling adjustments on pneumatic sus‐pension system
The use of the offroad level is recommended only for driving off‐road. Permanent use of the offroad level during normal road operation can lead to increased tyre wear as the height of the wheel position is different to the road level.
The way to prevent one-sided tyre wear is to ensure the wheel alignment is correct on one hand and on the other hand to make sure the vehicle is used only for its intended purpose:
Regular servicing of the vehicle and tyres helps to prevent tyre wear. The following should be noted in particular with regards to this:
♦ The prescribed minimum tyre inflation pressures must be ad‐hered to.
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♦ Different wear on the front and rear axle depending on the driving style is unavoidable. This condition can be compensa‐ted for by rotating the wheels from front to rear. The ideal opportunity to do this, for example, is during the seasonal change between winter and summer tyres. This change also has a positive side effect in that the tyres can wear down equally, meaning that a completely new set of tyres can be fitted. This prevents differences between the tread depths of the tyres on each axle, which can have negative effects on road holding.
♦ Sawtoothformationisanormalwearpattern,particularlyifthe driving style is very careful ⇒ page 30 . This can lead to in‐creased rolling noise, which generally becomes better as the tread depth decreases. In the event of light saw tooth forma‐tion or if saw tooth formation is just starting, exchanging the wheels between axles is normally sufficient. If saw tooth for‐mation is very pronounced, the wheels have to be changed in accordance with ⇒ page 30 so their direction of rotation is reversed.
♦ Some tread patterns may create an impression of premature wear: if winter tyre sipes or channels in the tread are worn down, only compact profile blocks without patterns remain, thus giving the impression of a worn tyre. In this case, the re‐maining tread depth must be measured in each groove. If this is at or below the minimum tread depth, the tyre can continue to be used without restrictions. (In Germany, the minimum is 1.6 mm; it is recommended, and in Austria, required, that win‐tertyresthatareworndownto4mmbeusedonlyinsummer
5.11Wear in middle of tyre
This wear pattern is found on the driven wheels of high-perform‐ance vehicles that are frequently driven long distances at high speeds.
At high speeds, centrifugal forces cause the tyre diameter to in‐creasemoreinthemiddleofthetreadthanitdoesattheshoulder. Thiscausesdriveforcestobetransferredtotheroadsurfacefrom
the centre section of the tread. This is reflected in the wear pat‐tern.
Effects of this kind can be especially pronounced on wide tyres. It is not possible to counter this wear pattern by reducing the tyre pressure.
A more or less even tread wear pattern can be achieved by in‐terchangingthetyresonthedrivenwheelsandnon-drivenwheels in good time.
Increased tread wear
The typical tread wear pattern of tyres run on the driven wheels of a high-performance vehicle.
The increased wear in the centre section of the tread results from theextraloadingassociatedwithcentrifugalforceswithinthetyre and the transmission of drive forces.
5.12Diagonal washout
Diagonal washout on a tyre
Diagonal washout runs at an angle of approx. 45° to the direction of rotation.
It usually occurs at one point only, but can also occur at several points around the circumference of the tyre.
Washoutoccursalmostexclusivelyonthetyresonthenon-driven wheels, in particular at the rear left. Washout occurs very often onsomemodels,whileitposesnoproblematallonothermodels. Theeffectisintensifiedbyhightoe-invalues.Toe-invaluesinthe region of the lower tolerance limits of the specified alignment val‐ues improve the wear pattern.
Themostpronounceddiagonalwashoutisoftenfoundinthearea where the tyre components are joined.
Wheels with positive toe-in roll with a slip angle even straight ahead. This leads to a diagonal stress in the contact patch or footprint on the tyre/road surface.
This wear pattern is intensified when tyre pressure is too low. To avoid such tread wear patterns, the toe-in values of the two rear wheels should be identical and the specified tyre pressures ob‐served.
Ifyoudetectwashout,youshouldfitthewheelsonthedrivenaxle, assuming the washout is identified at an early stage. Deeper washout cannot be repaired.
Faulty adjustment
If a customer complains of “diagonal wear spots”, the toe adjust‐ment must be examined. If toe-in is correct, the cause of the diagonal washout is very probably the tyre itself.
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Tyres with diagonal washout caused by incorrectly set axle ge‐ometry at the wheels are not covered by warranty.
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6Tyre noise
6.1General notes on tyre noise
Tyre noise that can be heard by the human ear is caused by vi‐brations which are transmitted by the air from the source of the sound to our ears.
Of interest here are the noises caused by certain characteristics and effects while the tyres are rolling (source of the sound).
The cause of the noise is largely dependent on the combination of the road surface and tyres.
The structure and material of the road surface will greatly affect tyre noise. For example, the noise level on a wet road is much higher than on a dry road.
The pattern of the tyre tread also has a significant influence on tyre noise. Tyres with transverse grooves at an angle of 90° gen‐erate more noise than tyres with grooves running diagonally.
Small tread blocks are unstable. Their highly pronounced defor‐mation agitates the air as the tyres roll. This creates the air vibrations that cause tyre noise.
Wider tyres are louder. They need more tread channels to dis‐placewater.Whentheyarerolling,thesetreadchannelsdisplace the air, also creating air vibrations.
Further effects that also influence tyre noise:
♦ “Tyrevibration”istheprincipalcauseoftyrenoise.Itiscaused by the columns of air in the tread channels being agitated.
♦ “Air pumping” is the compression and expansion of the air caused by the deformation of the tread blocks as the tyre con‐tact patch moves along the road surface.
Useful information regarding tyre noise
Tyre noise is determined primarily by the tyres and the road sur‐face.
The roughness, structure and material of the road surface influ‐ence tyre noise.
The widths of the tyre and the rim, among other things, influence tyre noise. Due to their larger contact area, wider tyres will cause moretyrenoisethannarrowtyres,asmoreairhastobedisplaced and more “mass” is agitated to create vibrations.
A wider wheel rim will also cause a tyre to have a wider contact patch.Theeffectontyrenoiseisthusverysimilartothatofawider tyre. Moreover, the damping characteristics of the tyre may also be adversely affected by the wider wheel rim.
On vehicles with a front-mounted engine, tyre noise is more per‐ceptible at the rear of the vehicle, as wind and engine noises are not as loud there.
6.2Saw-tooth
wear
Saw-tooth wear is a stepped wear pattern on the individual tread blocks ⇒ page 31 that can cause increased tyre noise. The saw tooth is caused by uneven deformation of the tread blocks in the tyre'scontactpatch.Saw-toothwearismorepronouncedonnondriven wheels than on driven wheels.
Newtyresaremoresusceptibletosaw-toothwearbecauseofthe greater elasticity of the high tread blocks. As the tread depth de‐creases, the tread blocks become more rigid and the tendency to wear in a saw-tooth pattern decreases.
Appearance of saw tooth
A - Tread block of a new tyre; seen in direction of motion -arrow 1-, tread blocks are equally high in front and back.
B - Development of saw teeth; seen in the direction of rotation -arrow 1-, tread blocks are higher in front -arrow 2- than in back.
C - Seen in the direction of rotation -arrow 1-, tread blocks show greater wear in the front section of the “saw tooth” -arrow 3-.
Pronounced saw-tooth wear can lead to customers complaining about tyre noise.
Pronounced saw-tooth wear occurs under the following condi‐tions:
♦ toe values are too high
♦ tyre pressures are incorrect
♦ tread is coarse and open
♦ tyres are fitted on the non-driven axle
♦ very fast cornering.
non-directional tyres
In the event of saw-tooth wear, the direction of rotation of the tyre mustbereversed.Ifsaw-toothwearisespeciallypronouncedand tyre noise has increased, interchange the tyres diagonally. This will reduce the saw-tooth effect.
On front-wheel-drive vehicles, this effect is intensified by the greater wear on the front axle.
Tyre noise will be somewhat louder immediately after the tyres have been interchanged but will return to a normal level after about 500…1,000 km have been driven.
Directional tyres
In the event of increased saw-tooth wear on the rear tyres – in particularonfront-wheeldrivevehicles–interchangethefrontand rear tyres. In the event of increased saw-tooth wear on the outer edges of the tyres on one axle, turn both tyres around on their rims. The left-hand wheel must then be fitted on the right side of the vehicle and the right-hand wheel on the left side.
6.3Flat spots (from locking wheels)
Flat spots can result from an extreme brake application which causes the wheels to lock, so that the rubber is worn off at the contact patch between the tread and the road surface.
As the tyres slide over the road surface, friction generates heat, which also reduces the wear resistance of the tread material.
Notevenahighlywear-resistanttreadcompoundcanpreventthe flat spots caused by violent braking.
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Even ABS-controlled brake systems cannot prevent brief locking of the wheels, and thus, minor flat spots.
The degree of such wear depends largely on the vehicle speed, the road surface and the load placed on the wheel. The following examples should make this clear.
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If a vehicle is braked to a standstill on a dry surface with the wheels locked, the amount of rubber worn from the tyre will cover an area the size of a postcard and will have a thickness of:
♦ up to 2.0 mm from a speed of 57 km/h (23.8 m braking dis‐tance)
♦ up to 3.3 mm from a speed of 75 km/h (41.8 m braking dis‐tance)
♦ up to 4.8 mm from a speed of 92 km/h (71.6 m braking dis‐tance)
Flat spots in tread
Tyres with such damage must no longer be used and must be renewed.
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7Rough running caused by wheels/ tyres
7.1Causes of rough running
Roughrunningcanhaveanumberofdifferentcauses.Itcanalso becausedbytyrewear.Tyrewearcausedbydrivingisnotalways evenly spread across the entire running surface of the tyre. This causes slight imbalances which affect the smooth running of a wheel which was previously exactly balanced.
Minor imbalances will not be felt at the steering wheel, but that doesnotmeanthattheyarenotthere.Theyincreasewearonthe tyre and thus reduce the tyre service life.
Recommendation
To ensure
• optimal safety,
• smoothest possible running and
• even wear throughoutatyre'sservicelife,werecommendhavingthewheels and tyres balanced at least twice during the tyre's service life.
7.2Balancing
wheels
Beforeyoustartbalancingthewheels,thefollowingrequirements must be met.
• The tyre pressure must be OK.
• The tyre tread must not show one-sided wear and should be at least 4 mm deep.
• The tyre must not show any signs of damage, for example cuts, piercing, foreign bodies, etc.
• The wheel suspension, steering and steering linkage, includ‐ing the shock absorbers, must be in perfect condition.
• You must have conducted a road test.
7.3 Conductingaroadtestbeforebalancing wheels
If a customer brings a vehicle to the workshop complaining about “vibration”, a road test is essential prior to balancing the wheels.
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♦ This will give you information about the nature of the rough running.
♦ You will be able to determine in which speed range the rough running occurs.
–Raise the vehicle on a lifting platform immediately after the road test.
–Mark the positions of the tyres on the vehicle.
Tyre position
Front left tyre
Front right tyre
Rear right tyre
Marked with …
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–Remove wheels from vehicle.
–Balance the wheels.
7.4Balancing wheels on stationary wheel balancing machine
Dirt and rust in the area of the contact surfaces and centre of the wheel distort the result.
–Clean the contact surfaces, the centre of the wheel and the recess on the inside of the wheel before mounting the wheel on the wheel balancer.
–Mount the wheel with tyre on the wheel balancer. Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
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– Check the true running of the wheel and tyre. If the wheel and tyre do not run true although there are no flat spots, radial or lateral runout may be the cause.
–Check the wheel for radial or lateral runout ⇒ page 37
–If radial and lateral runout are within the specified tolerance, balance the wheel and tyre.
–First hand-tighten the lowest wheel bolt to about 30 Nm.
–Then tighten the remaining wheel bolts diagonally to about 30 Nm. This process centres the wheel on the hub.
–Lower vehicle onto its wheels.
– Nowuseatorquewrenchtotightenthewheelboltsdiagonally to the specified torque.
Carry out road test
–After balancing the wheels and tyres, carry out a road test. Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
If you detect vibration during the road test, it may be due to tol‐erance in the wheel centring.
In unfavourable circumstances, the component tolerances of wheels and hubs could cumulate. This too can lead to vibration. This can be alleviated using a finish balancer. ⇒ page 36
7.5Vibration control system - VAS 6230-
Using the vibration control system - VAS 6230- you can perform more functions than just stationary balancing.
A special feature of this system is the testing of the radial force of the wheel and tyre while rolling.
A roller presses against the wheel with a force of about 635 kg. This simulates the vertical tyre force against the road surface during travel.
Radial and lateral runout in the wheel and tyre and differences in the stiffness of the tyre cause the vertical force of the wheel to vary.
The -VAS 6230- detects and stores the position of the maximum measuredradialforceinthetyre.Thenthepositionofthesmallest distance between the wheel rim flange and the centre of the rim is measured.
If you determine a residual imbalance greater than 20 grams when balancing the wheels, you should rotate the mounting po‐sition of the wheel on the hub.
–Mark the point at which the imbalance is indicated.
– Unbolt the wheel and rotate its position on the hub so that the marking points downwards.
Note
Thehubmustnotrotateduringthisprocedure.
–First hand-tighten the lowest wheel bolt to about 30 Nm.
–Then tighten the remaining wheel bolts diagonally to about 30 Nm. This process ensures that the wheel is centred prop‐erly on the hub.
– Check whether the imbalance is less than 20 grams using the finish balancer.
Radial and lateral runout occur when the wheel and tyre do not run absolutely true.
For technical reasons, 100% true running is not possible.
Therefore, the manufacturers of these components allow a pre‐cisely determined tolerance.
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Mounting the tyre in an unfavourable position on the wheel can cause the maximum allowed tolerance for wheel with tyre to be exceeded.
Thetableshowsthemaximumpermissibletolerancesforawheel with mounted tyre.
Tolerances for radial and lateral runout of wheels with tyres
Wheel with tyre
Passenger cars
Radial runout (mm)
7.8Checking radial and lateral runout on wheelsandtyreswithtyregauge-V.A.G 1435-
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In this case, you can reduce radial runout by match mounting the tyre ⇒ page 39 .
7.9Checking radial and lateral runout on wheel rim
–Mount the wheel on the wheel balancer .
–Use the wheel balancing machine centring system - VAS 5271- .
–Preload tyre gauge about 2 mm.
–Slowly rotate the wheel.
–Note the smallest and the largest dial readings.
S - Lateral runout
H - Radial runout
–Compare the measured values with the specifications in the table ⇒ page 38
When radial or lateral runout of the wheel and tyre coincide, the imbalance of the wheel is amplified by the tyre.
For technical reasons, 100% true running is not possible ⇒ page 37
Before match mounting the used wheels which are fitted on the vehicle, run the tyres warm. This will eliminate any flat spots caused by storage or handling, ⇒ page 40
Procedure for match mounting
–Deflate the tyre.
–Press the tyre beads off the rim flanges.
–Coat the tyre bead all round with tyre fitting paste .
–Rotate the tyre 180° relative to the wheel.
–Inflate the tyre to approx. 4 bar.
–Mount the wheel with tyre on the wheel balancer.
–Check true running, that is, radial and lateral runout.
–Press the tyre off the rim flanges again as described above. –Rotate the tyre 180° with respect to the wheel (1/2 a turn).
If the radial and/or lateral runouts are still not within the specifi‐cations, check the radial and/or lateral runouts of the wheel: ⇒ page 38
If the measured values for radial and lateral runout of the wheel arewithinthespecifiedvalues,thetyrehasanimpermissiblyhigh radial or lateral runout. In this case, the tyre must be renewed.
The terms flat area and flats are also used for the term flat spot.
Flat spots caused by storage or handling also cause vibration in the same way as incorrectly balanced wheels do. It is important that flat spots on the tread are identified as such.
Flatspotscausedbystorageorhandlingcannotbebalancedand they can reoccur at any time due to various circumstances. Flat spots caused by storage or handling can be eliminated without complicatedspecialtools.Thisdoesnotapplytoflatspotscaused by hard braking ⇒ page 31
♦ The vehicle was parked with warm tyres in a cool garage or similar for a long period of time. In this case, a standing flat spot may even occur overnight.
Eliminating flat spots caused by storage or handling
♦ Flatspotscausedbystorageorhandlingcannotbeeliminated from the tyre using workshop equipment.
♦ Flatspotscausedbystorageorhandlingcanberemovedonly by running the tyres warm.
♦ The method described below is not recommended in cold and wintry weather.
Requirements and conditions:
–Check and, if necessary, correct inflation pressures.
Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
–Drive the car on a motorway where possible.
–Traffic and road conditions permitting, drive a 20 to 30 km stretch at a speed of 120 to 150 km/h.
–Raise the vehicle immediately following the road test.
–Remove the wheels from the vehicle.
–Balance the wheels on a stationary wheel balancer
⇒ page 34
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8Vehicle pulls to one side
8.1General
Perform a road test to determine whether a vehicle is pulling to one side and if so, which side. If the vehicle pulls to one side ⇒ page 43
When wheel alignment is checked, include the wheel alignment test results in tyre complaint report.
Manufacturer's tolerances can lead to a slight amount of taper (asymmetry) in the tyre carcass. The rolling tyre then develops a lateral force which acts directly on the wheel suspension, leading toself-steeringofthevehicle.Strategicrotationofthewheelscan balance out this self-steering behaviour.
8.2Conicity
Conicity is caused by a slight offset of the tread and/or the belt (amounting to a few tenths of a millimetre) relative to the geo‐metric centre of the tyre. Taper is not visible and cannot be measured with equipment available in the workshop.
Parts of a tyre
1 - Bead
2 - Shoulder
3 - Tread
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4 - Steel cord belt
A - Geometrical centre of tyre
B - Actual centre of belt. It can be offset to inside or outside. Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
Exaggerated for clarity.
1 - Offset of belt and tread
F1 - Unequal vertical wheel forces
F2 - Unequal vertical wheel forces
Fk - Conicity force
The offset produces differences in stiffness at the inner and outer shoulders of the tyre, resulting in differing vertical wheel forces. Consequently the belt or tread will not be pressed onto the road surfacewiththesameforce(F1,F2).Aconical,ortapered,shape develops. The resulting force (conicity force Fk) can, depending on the speed, become so great that the vehicle then pulls to one side.
IftheforceFkononewheeloftheaxleis,forexample,50Newton, and also 50 Newton on the other wheel, and both forces are ex‐erted in the same direction, the forces are cumulated. Reversing a tyre on the rim can compensate for the lateral pull because the forces then act in opposite directions.
Because the direction in which the force of taper is exerted is not visible, only road tests and strategic rotation of wheels and tyres can establish which tyres cause the pulling.
The tyre consists of numerous components and materials which are vulcanised to form a single part at the end of a complicated manufacturing process. The result is differing production toleran‐ces which make themselves noticeable through more or less stronglateralforces(conicityforces).Theseforcescanalsooccur in new tyres.
Pulling to one side on front axle
Pulling to one side can be caused by the running gear. However, experience shows that in 90% of all complaints, the tyres cause pulling to one side.
Pulling to one side during normal driving
On a straight, level road surface, the vehicle wants to pull to one sideataconstantspeedorwithmoderateacceleration.Forcecan be felt at the steering wheel.
Pulling to one side during fast acceleration
isnotpermittedunlessauthorisedbyVolkswagen
Pulling to one side during fast acceleration is, in part, due to the basic design of vehicles with front wheel drive. Different friction levels at the left and right wheels or possible irregularities in the road surface (potholes) and consequently varying road adhesion have a substantial influence on the handling characteristics. This does not constitute a complaint which is covered by the warranty.
8.3Remedies when vehicle pulls to one side
Test conditions before and during the road test:
– Check all suspension components on the front and rear axles for damage.
–Check tyre pressure and correct if necessary.
– Checkthetyresforexternaldamage.Punctures,cuts,bubbles on the sidewalls, flat spots from braking and/or damage to the tread.
–Ask the customer if the tyre had been damaged by a nail or similar object and was repaired by a tyre dealer. It may be necessary to renew such tyres.
– If the tyres are non-directional, ensure that all DOT classifica‐tions on the tyre face outwards. The wheels and/or tyres on thevehiclemayhavealreadybeenchangedaroundatanear‐lier date.
–Is the make of tyre approved by the factory as original equip‐ment?
–Perform the road test on a road which is level, straight and ungrooved and does not drop off to one side.
–Perform the road test with the customer under the conditions specified above. Ask the customer to demonstrate the prob‐lem.
Note
Theremustbenocrosswindduringtheroadtest.
If the complaint is justified, we recommend rotating the wheels and tyres as described below.
Before you begin, observe the following notes; otherwise your ef‐forts may not have the desired effect.
Due to a severe impact, the carcass was pinched on the wheel rim flange and is ruptured in the contact area.
Damage inside tyre due to impact injury (double rupture)
Double rupture -arrows- caused by pinching when a kerb was driven over. Often not detectable from outside.
9.4Cuts
Cut caused by a sharp-edged obstacle -arrow-
9.5Damage caused by foreign bodies
Driving over hard, pointed objects like nails, screws and the like can pierce the tyre.
This always leads to tyre damage.
Damage due to embedded foreign body
Often, the object -marking- is so securely embedded in the tyre that it will not free itself even at higher speeds. Consequently, it can act as a plug and seal the tyre relatively well. This results in a gradual loss of pressure, which the driver will not notice imme‐diately, but which can lead to sudden and complete tyre failure.
Corrosion can develop on the steel wires. This will always lead to the separation of the rubber from the steel belt.
Generally, one cannot determine when the foreign body was em‐bedded. The tyre structure may already have been damaged as a result of driving with insufficient tyre pressure.
Damaged belt wires will sooner or later lead to separation of the rubber from the steel belt. As a result, the tyre can fail completely at some point long after the tyre was first damaged.
The tyre pressure must be checked regularly. We recommend checking the tyre pressure every two weeks. The correct tyre pressure is especially important on long trips or when carrying a heavy load. A sporty driving style also requires correct or even slightly increased tyre pressure.
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Slow loss of tyre pressure
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The slow loss of tyre pressure is especially problematic because even experienced drivers often do not notice it.
Insufficient tyre pressure and the related increase in flexing (in‐ternalfriction)causethetyrematerialtoheatupconsiderablyand mayleadtotheseparationofthevariouscomponentsandrubber compounds.
In the end, the tyre is usually destroyed completely ⇒ page 51
The cause for the slow pressure loss cannot always be deter‐mined because the tyre is severely damaged and structural com‐ponents of the tyre are missing.
9.8Tyre damage due to insufficient tyre pressure
Themostcommoncausesfortyrefailureareminorexternaldam‐age, a defective valve or a leaking rim due to corrosion or dam‐age.
Separation of carcass and rubber
Excessiveheatingduetodrivingwithsubstantiallyinsufficienttyre pressure ⇒ page 52 led to overheating and subsequent sepa‐ration of the carcass from the rubber material -arrows-.
The tyre shown here was periodically driven with an inflation pressure which was insufficient for the load. Typical evidence for this is the circumferential scuffing along the bead caused by the wheelflangeandalsothediscolouration.Small,furrowedcreases are visible along the inside of the sidewall.
When the tyre rolls, strong shear forces develop between the lay‐ers of steel cord, especially at the ends of the belts.
Tyres with wide, circumferential furrows near the bead
Wide,circumferentialfurrowsnearthebead-arrows-indicatethat the tyre was driven with insufficient pressure.
Driving a vehicle with insufficient tyre pressure or ignoring or not recognising tyre damage can have serious consequences.
The tyre can no longer withstand the forces which develop when the vehicle is driven.
The defects mentioned above severely restrict the function of the tyre. The rubber compounds separate, which results in the partial separation of tyre components or even its complete destruction.
Tyres with stripped profile
Such damage usually develops over a longer period of time. If an already damaged tyre is exposed to high stress, the centrifugal forces which occur at high speeds can tear components off the tyre.
The figure shows a tyre with stripped tread due to travel with in‐sufficient tyre pressure.
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9.9Rising tyre temperature caused by in‐sufficient inflation pressure
The graph shows the temperature development of a tyre at a speed of 180 km/h.
A - When specified tyre pressure is maintained, the temperature will remain stable.
B - Danger zone: When tyre pressure is 0.3 bar below specifica‐tion, the temperature rises to above 120°C at higher speeds.
C - Critical temperature threshold: A tyre defect will develop.
T - Temperature in °C
t - Travel time in minutes Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
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9.10Tyre damage due to fitting error (fitting damage)
1 -Hump (double hump H 2), extended double hump (EH2)
2 -Wheel rim flange
3 -Inner rim shoulder (e.g. tapered rim shoulder)
4 -Rim
5 -Wheel
6 -Well
7 -Outer rim shoulder (e.g. tapered rim shoulder)
The hump prevents the tyre from being pressed out of the rim shoulder during travel with insufficient tyre pressure.
When the tyre is inflated, the bead of the tyre may not slip com‐pletely over the outer rim hump.
In this case, there is a danger of the bead core becoming over‐stretched if the tyre pressure is too high. The steel wires would then rupture partially or completely. A broken bead core cannot be detected from the outside.
Special requirements for tyres with run-flat properties
Wheelrimswitharaiseddoublehump(ExtendedHumpEH2)are prescribed for tyres with run-flat properties (reinforced side walls) ⇒ page 59 . The raised double hump prevents the deflated tyre from slipping off its seat on the wheel rim when the tyre is run deflated.
If fitting damage remains undetected, there is a danger that the tyre will fail later during operation.
THEREFORE!
♦ Never fit a tyre without using assembly paste .
♦ Do not allow the bead seating pressure to exceed 3 bar.
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♦ Do not allow the tyre inflation pressure to exceed 4 bar.
♦ When the tyre has been fitted, reduce the tyre pressure to the specified value. Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
10Tyres with run-flat properties
10.1General
Tyres with run-flat properties have reinforced side walls when comparing them with normal tyres. This reduces the slippage of thesidewallsandpreventsthetyreflanksstickingwhenthetyres are run deflated. This ensures the vehicle remains controllable and the vehicle has almost normal driving characteristics. The al‐leviates the necessity to fit the spare wheel in dangerous condi‐tions e.g hard shoulder of a motorway or in bad weather conditions.
Adeflatedtyrecanbedrivenfurthertothenextworkshop(approx. 50km(approx.30miles))atasuitablespeed(max.80km/h(max. 50 mph)) and in suitable driving style for the conditions, see ⇒ Owner's wallet .
After checking the respective wheel, the responsibility lies with the driver to decide if it is safe to drive further with the deflated tyre.
-I- Tyres with normal air pressure
1 - Tyres with run-flat properties (reinforced side walls -red-)
2 - Normal tyres
-II- Deflated tyre
When a normal tyre -2- deflates, the side walls are pressed against the wheel rims. The side walls heat up extremely or stick and are therefore destroyed when the tyre is deflated.
Tyres with run-flat properties -1- are supported on the reinforced side walls (-red-). A special tyre mixture and the reduced walka‐bility of the reinforced side walls reduces the heat created when the tyre is run and the vehicle remains controllable.
Distinguishingfeatures:tyreswithrun-flatpropertiescanbeiden‐tified by one of the following abbreviations DSST, Euforia, RFT, ROF, RSC, SSR or ZP. The abbreviation is located on the flank of the tyre following the tyre designation of the respective tyre manufacturer.
Body
1 - Beading with beading core
2 - Side wall
3 - Reinforced side wall
4 - Wheel rim with extended hump (EH2) on both sides - prereq‐uisite when using tyres with run-flat properties
AGdoesnotguaranteeoracceptanylia
10.3Retrofitting/requirements when using run-flat tyres
These tyres may only be used on vehicles with a tyre pressure monitoring system as a pressure lose in the tyres is not always visible. This system warns the driver when an inflation pressure is less than a certain inflation pressure.
Permitted are:
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Direct measuring systems ⇒ Running gear, axles, steering; Rep. gr. 44 ; Tyre pressure monitor
Indirect measuring systems ⇒ Running gear, axles, steering; Rep. gr. 44 ; Tyre pressure monitor
Tyres with run-flat properties may only be fitted on disc-type wheels with raised double hump (Extended Hump - EH2)
⇒ page 59 Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
Thespecialfitting/removalinstructionsmustbeobserved⇒ Run‐ninggear,axles,steering;Rep.gr. 44;Fittingandremovingtyres with run-flat properties .
A mixed installation with standard tyres is not permitted, even on same axle.
Only in exceptional circumstances may a standard tyre be fitted e.g. for a short period or a limited distance. The special run-flat characteristics are lost, the driver must always be informed.
Please observe the recommended tyre manufacture ⇒ page 636 and ⇒ page 676 .
–As with standard tyre/wheel systems, the disc-type wheel must also be checked before fitting.
– Thedisc-typewheelmustbechecked(fortruerunning,runout and other damage) after a tyre has been run deflated ⇒ page 38 , as a pot-hole etc. could cause damage the disctype wheel rim.
–Damaged disc-type wheels must be renewed. Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
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11Rolling resistance optimised tyres
The energy loss caused by the deformation of the tyre when roll‐ing is known as rolling resistance.
With rolling resistance optimised tyres the deformation is greatly reduced by a revised design and the use of optimised tread com‐positions.
Volkswagen BlueMotion and BlueMotion technology models are fitted with tyres with an optimised rolling resistance and all other safety and customer relevant properties are of the latest level of development.
Therespectiveapprovedmakesoftyresarelistedinthefollowing chapters ⇒ page 636 Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
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GAnegawskloVybthgirypoC.tnemucodsihtninoitamrof
12Facts about disc-type wheels (pas‐senger cars)
12.1Design of disc-type wheel
1 - Wheel rim flange
❑Stop for tyre side bead‐ing
2 - Hump (H2) on both should‐ers of rim
❑Prevents the tyre slip‐ping off the shoulder of the rim while driving through tight bends
❑Extended hump (EH2)prerequisite when using tyres with run-flat prop‐erties ⇒ page 59
3 - Well
❑Eases fitting/removal of tyre
A - Width of wheel rim
❑Distance between tyre contact surfaces on both rim edges of wheel
❑Dimensions in inches
B - Wheel rim diameter
❑Distance between tyre contact surfaces on op‐posite tyre shoulders
❑Dimensions in inches
C - Wheel offset
❑Vertical distance be‐tween centre of wheel and wheel inner contact surface
❑Dimensions in mm
D - Pitch circle diameter
❑Diameter of circle for wheel bolt holes
❑Dimensions in mm
E - Centre hole
❑Used to centralize
❑Dimensions in mm
12.2Data on wheel rims
There are several items of information on the wheel rims. The following example shows the information needed for unambigu‐ous identification of the wheel:
Part number: 6E0 601 027 A
Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
Wheel size:
6 J x 15
6 - Rim width in inches
J - Shape of wheel rim flange 15 - Rim diameter in inches
Wheel offset in mm: 43
Data on hump of rim shoulder: EH2
Extended Hump 1)
1) Raised round hump on both rim shoulders. These ensure that whenrun-flattyresareusedwithoutairpressure,theywillnotslip from rim shoulder. Rims with EH2 are required only if tyres with run-flat properties are fitted! ⇒ page 55
12.3Wheel rims - pitch circle diameter
Pitch circle di‐ameter
Model
100 mm All Golf 1992 > All Vento 1992 > Fox 2005 >
All Lupo 1999 > Lupo 3 L, FSI, GTI
All Golf 1998 > All Bora 1998
All Polo 1995 > All Polo 2002 > New Beetle RSi 2001 > New Beetle 1999 > New Beetle Cabriolet 2003 >
All Sharan 1996 > Passat 2006 > Golf Variant 2007 > Jetta 2006 > 120 mm Touareg 2003 > 130 mm Touareg 2003 >
12.4Split rim composite wheels
Split rim alloy wheels consist of several parts.
Themajorpartsaretherimandthewheelcentre.Thesepartsare bolted together with special bolts using a special process. This ensures that the wheel functions properly, that it is sealed and safeandthatitrunstrue.Theserequirementsarenotguaranteed with workshop materials and under workshop conditions.
WARNING
Youmustnotdismantleorrepaircompositewheels!
12.5Alloy wheels with exchangeable trim el‐ements
These wheels are fitted with exchangeable trim elements. Follow these instructions during installation.
Torque setting for self-locking hexagon socket head bolts: 5 Nm
12.6Alloy wheels with exchangeable trim el‐ements (Zaragoza)
12.6.1Tools
Special tools and workshop equipment required
♦ Cartridge gun - V.A.G 1628-
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♦ Removal wedge - 3409-
♦ Hot air blower - V.A.G 1416-
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• You can download the complete manual from: www.heydownloads.com by clicking the link below
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CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE
Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
12.6.2Materials
♦ 1K Window adhesive -DH 009 100 A2-
♦ Silicone remover -LSE 020 100 A3-
12.6.3Installing trim element
These alloy wheels are fitted with exchangeable trim elements. Follow these instructions during installation. –Apply 1K window adhesive - DH 009 100 A2- to bonding sur‐faces -arrows- using cartridge gun - V.A.G 1628- .
–Push trim element -2- forcefully into alloy wheel -1-.
–Secure trim element -2- on inner side of alloy wheel -3- with clamping washers.
Minimum curing period: 3 hours at a minimum room temperature of 15°C.
WARNING
Alloywheelmustberebalanced⇒page34.
Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
12.7Hub cover for alloy wheels with open threaded connections
Removing
• Wheel removed
le, isnotpermittedunlessauthorisedbyVolkswagen AG. Volkswagen AGdoesnotguaranteeoracceptanyliabilitywith respect
Note Holdcovercap-1-whendrivingoutwithhammer.
Installing
–Hold cover cap -1- flush against opening in alloy wheel rim.
–Align the Volkswagen emblem on the cover cap to the tyre inflation valve so that the emblem seats centrally over the valve -2-.
.GAnegawskloVybthgirypoC.tnemucodsihtni
–Apply light hand pressure until the cover cap is pushed into the opening of the alloy wheel rim and is secure.
–Check cover cap has no play and that it is seated correctly in the alloy wheel rim.
12.8Care and maintenance of alloy wheel rims
Regular care is required to maintain the decorative appearance of alloy wheels over a long period of time.
In particular road salt and dust from brake abrasion must be thor‐oughlywashedoffevery2weeks;otherwisethefinishofthealloy wheel will suffer.
Cleaning agents
Suitable cleaning agents:
♦ Plain water or water with soft soap
♦ Water and essence of vinegar
♦ Alloy wheel cleansers without acids or strong solvents
Do not exceed the soaking time of the cleaning agent.
The shorter the recommended soaking time, the harsher and more aggressive the cleaning agent. Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
Damage to finish
If the finish is damaged, for example by stones, the damage must be repaired as quickly as possible ⇒ page 66
Removing adhesive residue from glued balance weights on alloy rims
♦ Strongsolventsandacidsattackthefinishonalloywheelsand the surface of the wheel becomes matt and milky. Therefore, these substances should not be used.
♦ Toremoveadhesiveresidueonalloywheels,usealloycleans‐ersorapetrol-basedcleanser.Donotexceedthesoakingtime of the cleaning agent.
♦ After cleaning or removing adhesive residue from wheels, rinse them with water.
Wheel rims with cracks along the edges may not be repaired and must be replaced immediately.
Remachining, heat treatment and welding of all types is not per‐mitted.
Material reforming is not permissible.
Before restoring, the radial runout and lateral runout must not ex‐ceed the manufactures tolerance of 0.8 mm.
Only cast alloy wheel rims may be filled using a filler putty. These wheels have the material identification AlSi xx stamped in the in‐ner side.
Forged wheels may not be painted.
The restoration is limited to the painted surfaces.
Bright machined wheels, which only have a clear coating, may not be repaired.
Only surface damage on the viewed side (design surface) of the wheel may be restored.
Restoring a damaged surface depth of 1 mm must not be excee‐ded.
Only up to 50 mm may be removed/ filler filled on the outer boss.
12.10The valve
1 -Valve body
2 -Valve core
3 -Valve cap
1. Valve body
The rubber valve for tubeless tyres is designed to create an airtight seal in the hole in the rim. The elastic material of the rubber valve body presses tightly into the hole in the rim.
In the case of valves with a threaded metal base, a rubber seal is used to seal the rim. The lateral faces of the rim hole are sealing surfaces. They must therefore be free of rust and dirt and must not be damaged.
2. Valve core
Thevalveinserthasthemostimportantjobinthevalve.Itcreates a seal and enables the regulation of the air pressure. The small flat seal on the valve core can only function correctly if it is free of foreign particles, dirt and moisture. The compressed air system must be free of water and oil!
3. Valve cap
A valve cap must always be screwed onto the valve. It prevents dirt from getting into the valve. Dirt which may be in the valve would reach the seal of the valve plate when the tyre is inflated and cause a leak.
The valve must be renewed every time a new tyre is fitted.
If the vehicle is driven without caps on the valves, there is the danger that dirt may get into the valve. This leads to a gradual loss of air, which in turn can lead to the destruction of the tyre.
♦ Separation of carcass and rubber ⇒ page 51
♦ Wide, circumferential furrows near the bead ⇒ page 51
. icremmocroetavirprofgniypoCla rup op s e s , i n p a r t o r in w hole,
13Fitting and removing wheels
13.1Rotating wheels
Vehicles with front-wheel drive exhibit more tread wear on the front wheels due to the greater forces they have to transmit.
In order for all 4 wheels on the vehicle to have the same service life, we recommend rotating the front and rear wheels and tyres. Ensure that uni-directional tyres are not reversed.
The longer the tyre runs at one position, the more it wears at cer‐tain points. Therefore it is recommended to rotate the wheels at short intervals, for example every 5,000 km.
Diagonal rotation is possible only with non-directional tyres. This method of wheel rotation is especially advantageous in the case of saw-tooth wear ⇒ page 30 .
If saw-tooth wear has already progressed and the tread is worn to more than 50%, only slight improvements would be achieved and rotation is not recommended. The elasticity of the tread blocks declines and the saw-tooth wear does not progress.
13.2Instructions for changing or fitting wheels
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–Check to ensure that contact surfaces -arrows- on brake disc are free of corrosion and dirt.
– Check to ensure that contact surface -arrow- on centring seat of brake disc are free of corrosion and dirt. Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
–Check to ensure that contact surface -arrow- on inner side of wheel (rim) and also centring seat of rim are free of corrosion and dirt.
– The concave seats * in the holes for the wheel bolts and the threads of the wheel bolts must also be free of corrosion and dirt, oil or grease.
* The concave seat is the curved surface of a section of a sphere cut by a plane.
–Check whether the wheel bolts can be easily screwed in by hand.Thethreadofthewheelboltsmustnotcomeintocontact with the bore in the brake disc -arrow-.
If the thread of the wheel bolt touches the hole -arrow-, turn the brake disc relative to the wheel hub accordingly.
Remove dirt and corrosion, oil or grease from the contact surfa‐ces, threads in the wheel hub and/or wheel bolts as necessary.
1 - When fitting the wheel, screw in all wheel bolts uniformly by hand.
2 -Tighten the wheel bolts in diagonal sequence to approx. 30 Nm.
3 -Lower vehicle to the floor and tighten all wheel bolts diago‐nally to the specified torque using the torque wrench ⇒ Runninggear,axles,steering;Rep.gr. 44;Specifiedtorque for wheel bolts .
WARNING
Donotuseanimpactdriverwhenscrewinginthebolts!
13.3Revised wheel bolts for Sharan from model year 2001
Revised wheel bolts were used from model year 2001 and there‐after. These have the same dimensions and torque settings as the previous wheel bolts.
1 - For vehicles through model year 2000
Polished black surface - part no. -701 601 139 B- .
Not permitted on vehicles from model year 2001 or later.
2 - Wheel bolt for vehicles from model year 2001 and later
Collar -arrow- is not fixed in place on the hexagon.
icremmocroetavirprofgniypoCla rup op s e s , i n p a r t o r in w hole, isnotpermittedunlessauthorisedbyVolkswagen AG. Volkswagen AGdoesnotguaranteeoracceptanyliabilitywi
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14Lupo 3L, Lupo FSI, Lupo GTI from model year 1999
General
Volkswagen vehicles are built according to the latest findings in safety engineering. To keep it that way, we recommend the use of only genuine Volkswagen spare parts. You can recognise this by the VW Audi logo and by the part number. It has been estab‐lished that these parts are reliable, safe and suitable.
Despiteconstantappraisalofthemarket,wecannotassessother products on these points, even when in isolated cases they have been passed by official inspectors or have been granted official approval. Therefore, we cannot, of course, assume any liability if these products are installed.
WARNING
TheproductsfromVolkswagengenuinepartsandVotexgen‐uine accessories may differ in fitting requirements, torque specificationsandsoon.
The wheel and tyre combinations or changes listed in the vehicle tablesreferexclusivelytoVolkswagenGenuinewheels.Approval of wheel and tyre combinations or a change to wheels from the accessories trade is not possible with the parts certificate attach‐ed here.
6E0 601 025 - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 72
Size: 4 J x 14
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6E0 601 025 A - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 77 Size:
x
6E0 601 025 E - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 77
61/2 J x 15
15 Lupo model year 1999 to model year 2005
General
Volkswagen vehicles are built according to the latest findings in safety engineering. To keep it that way, we recommend the use of only genuine Volkswagen spare parts. You can recognise this by the VW Audi logo and by the part number. It has been estab‐lished that these parts are reliable, safe and suitable.
Despiteconstantappraisalofthemarket,wecannotassessother products on these points, even when in isolated cases they have been passed by official inspectors or have been granted official approval. Therefore, we cannot, of course, assume any liability if these products are installed.
WARNING
TheproductsfromVolkswagengenuinepartsandVotexgen‐uine accessories may differ in fitting requirements, torque specificationsandsoon.
The wheel and tyre combinations or changes listed in the vehicle tablesreferexclusivelytoVolkswagenGenuinewheels.Approval of wheel and tyre combinations or a change to wheels from the accessories trade is not possible with the parts certificate attach‐ed here.
1H0 601 025 AD - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 81
6N0 601 025 H - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 81
Size:
6X0 601 025 C - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 81
6N0 601 025 J - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 81
6X0 601 025 E - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 81 Size:
16Fox from model year 2005
General
Volkswagen vehicles are built according to the latest findings in safety engineering. To keep it that way, we recommend the use of only genuine Volkswagen spare parts. You can recognise this by the VW Audi logo and by the part number. It has been estab‐lished that these parts are reliable, safe and suitable.
Despiteconstantappraisalofthemarket,wecannotassessother products on these points, even when in isolated cases they have been passed by official inspectors or have been granted official approval. Therefore, we cannot, of course, assume any liability if these products are installed.
The wheel and tyre combinations or changes listed in the vehicle tablesreferexclusivelytoVolkswagenGenuinewheels.Approval of wheel and tyre combinations or a change to wheels from the accessories trade is not possible with the parts certificate attach‐ed here.
For 1.2l 40 kW with power assisted steering, 1.4l 55 kW, 1.4 51 kW diesel
6Q0 601 027 G, 6Q0 601 027 Q - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 89
Size: 6 J x 15
5Z0 601 025 A - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 89
5Z0 601 025 D - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 89
6Q0 601 025 L - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 89
5Z0 601 025 F- Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 89
thgirypocybdetcetorP
5Z0 601 025 J - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 89
5Z0 601 025 M, 5Z0 601 025 P - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 89 Size:
6QE 601 025 B - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 89
17Polo model year 1995 to model year 2001
General
Volkswagen vehicles are built according to the latest findings in safety engineering. To keep it that way, we recommend the use of only genuine Volkswagen spare parts. You can recognise this by the VW Audi logo and by the part number. It has been estab‐lished that these parts are reliable, safe and suitable.
Despiteconstantappraisalofthemarket,wecannotassessother products on these points, even when in isolated cases they have been passed by official inspectors or have been granted official approval. Therefore, we cannot, of course, assume any liability if these products are installed.
Volkswagen
WARNING
TheproductsfromVolkswagengenuinepartsandVotexgen‐uine accessories may differ in fitting requirements, torque specificationsandsoon.
The wheel and tyre combinations or changes listed in the vehicle tablesreferexclusivelytoVolkswagenGenuinewheels.Approval of wheel and tyre combinations or a change to wheels from the accessories trade is not possible with the parts certificate attach‐ed here.
For vehicles with maximum permitted axle load of 830 kg
6X0 601 025 - allocation ⇒ page 105
Size: 6 J x 14
6N0 601.025 D - Allocation ⇒ page 105
For vehicles with maximum permitted axle load of 850 kg
6X0 601 025 A - allocation ⇒ page 105
For all vehicles with power steering
6X0 601 025 D - allocation ⇒ page 105
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1H0 601 027 A - allocation ⇒ page 105
17.7.46 J x 15
Caution
For vehicles with maximum permitted axle load of 840 kg
6N0 601 025 H - allocation ⇒ page 105 Size:
6N0 601 025 J - allocation ⇒ page 105
For all vehicles with power steering
1H0 601 025 AD - allocation ⇒ page 105
J x 15
1H0 601 025 AE - allocation ⇒ page 105
6X0 601 025 C - allocation ⇒ page 105
6X0 601 025 E - allocation ⇒ page 105
18Polo Classic model year 1996 to model year 2002
General
Volkswagen vehicles are built according to the latest findings in safety engineering. To keep it that way, we recommend the use of only genuine Volkswagen spare parts. You can recognise this by the VW Audi logo and by the part number. It has been estab‐lished that these parts are reliable, safe and suitable.
Despiteconstantappraisalofthemarket,wecannotassessother products on these points, even when in isolated cases they have been passed by official inspectors or have been granted official approval. Therefore, we cannot, of course, assume any liability if these products are installed.
WARNING
TheproductsfromVolkswagengenuinepartsandVotexgen‐uine accessories may differ in fitting requirements, torque specificationsandsoon.
The wheel and tyre combinations or changes listed in the vehicle tablesreferexclusivelytoVolkswagenGenuinewheels.Approval of wheel and tyre combinations or a change to wheels from the accessories trade is not possible with the parts certificate attach‐ed here.
For 40 kW and 44 kW vehicles - to VIN 6K W 530 000
1L0 601 025 J - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 112
J x
For40kWand44kWvehicles-fromvehicleIDNo.6KW530001
s e s , i n p a r t o r in w hole, isnotpermittedunlessauthorisedbyVolkswagen
6K9 601 027 - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 112 Size: 6 J x 14 Wheel offset in mm:
load in kg:
For all vehicles
. icremmocroetavirprofgniypoCla rup
Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
321 601 025 H - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 112
357 601 025 A/Q - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 112
6K0 601 025 M - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 112
6K0 601 025 S - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 112
18.2.36 J x 15
Caution
For all vehicles
6K0 601 025 Q - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 113
Size: 6 J x 15
6K0 601 025 AB - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 113
Size: 6 J x 15
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE COMPLETE MANUAL
• Thank you very much for reading the preview of the manual.
• You can download the complete manual from: www.heydownloads.com by clicking the link below
• Please note: If there is no response to CLICKING the link, please download this PDF first and then click on it.
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE
19Polo Variant model year 1998 to model year 2002
General
Volkswagen vehicles are built according to the latest findings in safety engineering. To keep it that way, we recommend the use of only genuine Volkswagen spare parts. You can recognise this by the VW Audi logo and by the part number. It has been estab‐lished that these parts are reliable, safe and suitable.
Despiteconstantappraisalofthemarket,wecannotassessother products on these points, even when in isolated cases they have been passed by official inspectors or have been granted official approval. Therefore, we cannot, of course, assume any liability if these products are installed.
WARNING
TheproductsfromVolkswagengenuinepartsandVotexgen‐uine accessories may differ in fitting requirements, torque specificationsandsoon.
The wheel and tyre combinations or changes listed in the vehicle tablesreferexclusivelytoVolkswagenGenuinewheels.Approval of wheel and tyre combinations or a change to wheels from the accessories trade is not possible with the parts certificate attach‐ed here.
For 40 kW and 44 kW vehicles - to VIN 6K W 530 000
1L0 601 025 J - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 118 Size:
For40kWand44kWvehicles-fromvehicleIDNo.6KW530001
6K9 601 027 - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 118
J x 14
For all vehicles
6K0 601 025 S - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 118
19.2.36 J x 15
Caution
For all vehicles
6K0 601 025 Q - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 119
Size: 6 J x 15
Wheel offset in mm: 38 Wheel load in kg: 450
6K0 601 025 AB - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 119
Size: 6 J x 15
Wheel offset in mm: 38 Wheel load in kg:
thgirypocybdetcetorP . icremmocroetavirprofgniypoCla rup op s e s , i n p a r t o r in w hole, isnotpermittedunlessauthorisedbyVolkswagen AG Volkswagen
AGdoesnotguaranteeoracceptanyliabilitywi
Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
20Polo from model year 2002
General
Volkswagen vehicles are built according to the latest findings in safety engineering. To keep it that way, we recommend the use of only genuine Volkswagen spare parts. You can recognise this by the VW Audi logo and by the part number. It has been estab‐lished that these parts are reliable, safe and suitable.
Despiteconstantappraisalofthemarket,wecannotassessother products on these points, even when in isolated cases they have been passed by official inspectors or have been granted official approval. Therefore, we cannot, of course, assume any liability if these products are installed.
WARNING
TheproductsfromVolkswagengenuinepartsandVotexgen‐uine accessories may differ in fitting requirements, torque specificationsandsoon.
The wheel and tyre combinations or changes listed in the vehicle tablesreferexclusivelytoVolkswagenGenuinewheels.Approval of wheel and tyre combinations or a change to wheels from the accessories trade is not possible with the parts certificate attach‐ed here.
No 205/45 R 16 83T/H/ V/W tyres on 61/2 J x 16rimswithanoffset of 38 are only possi‐ble in combination with widened wheel housings (Flaps)! 205/45 R 16 83T/H/V/ W 61/2 J x 16 ⇒ page 135 43 No Winter tyres
R 14 81Q 5 J x 14
page 132
R 15 82T/H 6 J x 15
R15
tyres
No Modification 165/70 R 14 81T 5 J x 14 ⇒ page 132
Yes
Yes 185/60 R 14 82T/H 6 J x 14 ⇒ page 132
185/55 R 15 82T/H 6 J x 15
page 134 43 Yes
195/50 R 15 82H 6 J x 15
page 134 43 No
195/55 R 15 85T/H 6 J x 15
page 134 43 No
205/45 R 16 83T/H/V/ W * ⇒ page 126 61/2 J x 16
page 135 38 No
205/45 R 16 83T/H/V/ W 61/2 J x 16
page 135
No Winter tyres 185/55 R 15 82Q/T/H 6 J x 15
page 134
R 14 82Q 6 J x 14
page 132
Yes
Yes
Yes
205/45 R 16 83T/H/ V/W tyres on 61/2 J x 16rimswithanoffset of 38 are only possi‐ble in combination with widened wheel housings (Flaps)!
1.4l 74 kW; 1.6l 77 kW petrol engine Standard tyres 185/60 R 14 82H 6 J x 14
1.9l 74 kW diesel engines Modification
page 132
R 15 82H 6 J x 15
page 134
195/50 R 15 82H/V 6 J x 15
Yes
page 134 43 No
195/55 R 15 85H/V 6 J x 15
page 134 43 No
205/45 R 16 83H/V/W * ⇒ page 126 61/2 J x 16
page 135 38 No
205/45 R 16 83H/V/W 61/2 J x 16
page 135
Winter tyres 185/60 R 14 82Q 6 J x 14
No
page 132 43 Yes
1.9l 96 kW diesel engines Standard tyres 195/55 R 15 85V 6 J x 15
page 134 43 No Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
thgirypocybdetcetorP . icremmocroetavirprofgniypoCla rup op s e s , i n p a r t o r in w hole,
205/45 R 16 83H/V/ W tyres on 61/2 J x 16rimswithanoffset of 38 are only possi‐ble in combination with widened wheel housings (Flaps)!
R
No
205/45 R 16 83W tyres on 61/2 J x 16 rims with an offset of 38 are only possible in combination with widened wheel housings (Flaps)!
Tyre inflation pressures are located on a sticker in the fuel tank flaporin⇒Maintenance;Booklet ;Checktyres:condition,profile, inflation pressure, depth of tread .
20.2Polo, type 9N
model year 2009
Appendix for parts certificate 3879/08
The parts certificate can be found on the Volkswagen ServiceNet under Technology; Guides; Wheels and Tyres Guide.
Type Approval No.: e1*2001/116*0174*24 to e1*2001/116*0174*25
Overview
1.2l 44 kW with no PAS
1.2l 44 kW with PAS; 1.2l 51 kW; 1.4l 59 kW petrol engines;
1.4l 51 kW; 1.4l 59 kW; diesel engines
R 13
Modification No changes are permissible apart from the stand‐ard wheel and tyre combinations!
Winter tyres
page 15
Snow chains
page 18
makes recom‐mendedbyVolkswa‐gen:
Summer tyres
page 639
All-season tyres
page 667
Winter tyres
page 678
195/50 R 15 82H 6 J x 15
page 134
195/55 R 15 85T/H/V 6 J x 15
page 134
205/45 R 16 83T/H/V/ W * ⇒ page 128 61/2 J x 16
page 135
43 No
43 No
38 No
205/45 R 16 83T/H/V/ W 61/2 J x 16
page 135
205/40 R 17 84T/H/V/ W * ⇒ page 128 71/2 J x 17
page 138
205/45 R 16 83T/H/ V/W tyres on 61/2 J x 16rimswithanoffset of 38 are only possi‐ble in combination with widened wheel housings (Flaps)!
43 No
No
1.4l 55 kW petrolenginewith automatic gear‐box
Winter tyres
thgirypocybdetcetorP . icremmocroetavirprofgniypoCla rup op s e s , i n p a r t o r in w hole,
165/70 R 14 81Q 5 J x 14
page 132 35 Yes
185/55 R 15 82Q/T/H 6 J x 15
page 134 43 Yes
Standard tyres 165/70 R 14 81T 5 J x 14
page 132 35 Yes
205/40 R 17 84H/V/ W tyres on 71/2 J x 17rimswithanoffset of38areonlypermit‐ted under the follow‐ing conditions:
♦ Vehicles with 4 doors: curtain and side airbags may not be instal‐ledormustbede‐activated.
♦ Sports running gear must be in‐stalled
♦ Widened wheel housings (Flaps) must be installed
Modification
185/60 R 14 82T/H 6 J x 14
page 132 43 Yes
185/55 R 15 82T/H 6 J x 15
page 134 43 Yes
195/50 R 15 82H 6 J x 15
page 134 43 No
195/55 R 15 85T/H/V 6 J x 15
134
No
1.4l 74 kW petrol engine
icremmocroetavirprofgniypoCla rup op s e s , i n p a r t o r in w hole, isnotpermittedunlessauthorisedbyVolkswagen
tyres
thgirypocybdetcetorP
R 16
No 205/45 R 16 83T/H/ V/W tyres on 61/2 J x 16rimswithanoffset of 38 are only possi‐ble in combination with widened wheel housings (Flaps)!
R 14 82H 6 J x 14
R 15 82H
R 15 82H/V 6 J x 15
page 134
Yes
Yes
No 195/55 R 15
R 16
No
R 16 83H/V/ W tyres on 61/2 J x 16rimswithanoffset of 38 are only possi‐ble in combination with widened wheel housings (Flaps)!
R 16 83H/V/W 61/2 J x 16
No Winter tyres
page 135
R 14 82Q 6 J x 14 ⇒ page 132
Yes 185/55 R 15 82Q/T/H 6 J x 15
page 134 43 Yes
1.6l 77 kW petrol engine Standard tyres 185/60 R 14 82H 6 J x 14 ⇒ page 132
1.9l 74 kW diesel engine
Yes
R 15 82H 6 J x 15
page 134
Yes 195/50 R 15 82H/V 6 J x 15
134
R 15 85H/V 6 J x 15
page 134
No
No
205/45 R 16 83H/V/W
⇒ page 130 61/2 J x 16
page 135
205/45 R 16 83H/V/W 61/2 J x 16
page 135
205/40 R 17 84H/V/W
page 130 71/2 J x 17
138
No
205/45 R 16 83H/V/ W tyres on 61/2 J x 16rimswithanoffset of 38 are only possi‐ble in combination with widened wheel housings (Flaps)!
No
No
205/40 R 17 84H/V/ W tyres on 71/2 J x 17rimswithanoffset of38areonlypermit‐ted under the follow‐ing conditions:
♦ Vehicles with 4 doors: curtain and side airbags may not be instal‐ledormustbede‐activated
♦ Sports running gear must be in‐stalled
♦ Widened wheel housings (Flaps) must be installed Winter tyres 185/60 R 14 82Q 6 J x 14
page 132
1.9l 96 kW diesel engines Standard tyres
Yes 185/55 R 15 82Q/T/H 6 J x 15
page 134
R 15 85V 6 J x 15
page 134
Yes
No Modification
R 16 83W *
No 205/45 R 16 83W tyres on 61/2 J x 16 rims with an offset of 38 are only possible in combination with widened wheel housings (Flaps)! 205/45 R 16 83W 61/2 J x 16
No
page 135
thgirypocybdetcetorP . icremmocroetavirprofgniypoCla rup op s e s , i n p a r t o r in w hole, isnotpermittedunlessauthorisedbyVolkswagen
Model engine output Tyres Tyre size Wheel rim Off‐set in mm Snow chains Remarks
205/40 R 17 84W * ⇒ page 131
1/2 J x 17 ⇒ page 138
205/40 R 17 84W tyres on 71/2 J x 17 rims with an offset of 38areonlypermitted under the following conditions:
♦ Vehicles with 4 doors: curtain and side airbags may not be instal‐ledormustbede‐activated
♦ Sports running gear must be in‐stalled
♦ Widened wheel housings (Flaps) must be installed
Tyre inflation pressures are located on a sticker in the fuel tank flaporin⇒Maintenance;Booklet ;Checktyres:condition,profile, inflation pressure, depth of tread .
20.3 Wheel allocation for Polo, type 9N mod‐el year 2002 to model year 2009
Explanation of information on wheels ⇒ page 59
Torque specifications for wheel bolts ⇒ Running gear, axles, steering; Rep. gr. 44 ; Fitting wheels and tyres; Fitting wheels
1J0 601 025 BC - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 128
Size: 71/2 J x 17
Wheel offset in mm: 38
thgirypocybdetcetorP . icremmocroetavirprofgniypoCla rup op s e s , i n p a r t o r in w hole, isnotpermittedunlessauthorisedbyVolkswagen
21Polo Fun model year 2004 to model year 2005
General
Volkswagen vehicles are built according to the latest findings in safety engineering. To keep it that way, we recommend the use of only genuine Volkswagen spare parts. You can recognise this by the VW Audi logo and by the part number. It has been estab‐lished that these parts are reliable, safe and suitable.
Despiteconstantappraisalofthemarket,wecannotassessother products on these points, even when in isolated cases they have been passed by official inspectors or have been granted official approval. Therefore, we cannot, of course, assume any liability if these products are installed.
WARNING
TheproductsfromVolkswagengenuinepartsandVotexgen‐uine accessories may differ in fitting requirements, torque specificationsandsoon.
The wheel and tyre combinations or changes listed in the vehicle tablesreferexclusivelytoVolkswagenGenuinewheels.Approval of wheel and tyre combinations or a change to wheels from the accessories trade is not possible with the parts certificate attach‐ed here.
Tyre inflation pressures are located on a sticker in the fuel tank flaporin⇒Maintenance;Booklet ;Checktyres:condition,profile, inflation pressure, depth of tread .
21.2Wheel allocation for Polo Fun, type 9N model year 2004 to model year 2005
Explanation of information on wheels ⇒ page 59
Torque specifications for wheel bolts ⇒ Running gear, axles, steering; Rep. gr. 44 ; Fitting wheels and tyres; Fitting wheels
Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
6Q0 601 025 J - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 139
Size: 71/2 J x 17 Wheel offset in mm:
Wheel load in kg:
thgirypocybdetcetorP . icremmocroetavirprofgniypoCla rup op s e s , i n p a r t o r in w ho
22CrossPolo from model year 2006
General
Volkswagen vehicles are built according to the latest findings in safety engineering. To keep it that way, we recommend the use of only genuine Volkswagen spare parts. You can recognise this by the VW Audi logo and by the part number. It has been estab‐lished that these parts are reliable, safe and suitable.
Despiteconstantappraisalofthemarket,wecannotassessother products on these points, even when in isolated cases they have been passed by official inspectors or have been granted official approval. Therefore, we cannot, of course, assume any liability if these products are installed.
WARNING
TheproductsfromVolkswagengenuinepartsandVotexgen‐uine accessories may differ in fitting requirements, torque specificationsandsoon.
The wheel and tyre combinations or changes listed in the vehicle tablesreferexclusivelytoVolkswagenGenuinewheels.Approval of wheel and tyre combinations or a change to wheels from the accessories trade is not possible with the parts certificate attach‐ed here.
Tyre inflation pressures are located on a sticker in the fuel tank flaporin⇒Maintenance;Booklet ;Checktyres:condition,profile, inflation pressure, depth of tread .
22.2 Wheel allocation for CrossPolo, type 9N model year 2006 to model year 2009
Explanation of information on wheels ⇒ page 59
Torque specifications for wheel bolts ⇒ Running gear, axles, steering; Rep. gr. 44 ; Fitting wheels and tyres; Fitting wheels
6Q0 601 025 J - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 142
6Q0 601 025 AF- Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 142
23Polo BlueMotion from model year 2007
General
Volkswagen vehicles are built according to the latest findings in safety engineering. To keep it that way, we recommend the use of only genuine Volkswagen spare parts. You can recognise this by the VW Audi logo and by the part number. It has been estab‐lished that these parts are reliable, safe and suitable.
Despiteconstantappraisalofthemarket,wecannotassessother products on these points, even when in isolated cases they have been passed by official inspectors or have been granted official approval. Therefore, we cannot, of course, assume any liability if these products are installed.
WARNING
TheproductsfromVolkswagengenuinepartsandVotexgen‐uine accessories may differ in fitting requirements, torque specificationsandsoon.
The wheel and tyre combinations or changes listed in the vehicle tablesreferexclusivelytoVolkswagenGenuinewheels.Approval of wheel and tyre combinations or a change to wheels from the accessories trade is not possible with the parts certificate attach‐ed here.
23.1Polo BlueMotion, type 9N model year 2007 to model year 2009
Appendix for parts certificate 3879/08
The parts certificate can be found on the Volkswagen ServiceNet under Technology; Guides; Wheels and Tyres Guide.
Type Approval No.: e1*2001/116*0174*17 to e1*2001/116*0174*25
Overview
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE COMPLETE MANUAL
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• You can download the complete manual from: www.heydownloads.com by clicking the link below
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Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
Model engine output
Tyres
Tyre size Wheel rim Off‐set in mm Snow chains Remarks
Modification No changes are permissible apart from the stand‐ard wheel and tyre combinations! Tyre makes recom‐mendedbyVolkswa‐gen:
Winter tyres 165/70 R14 81Q 5 J x 14 ⇒ page 146
Tyre inflation pressures are located on a sticker in the fuel tank flaporin⇒Maintenance;Booklet ;Checktyres:condition,profile, inflation pressure, depth of tread .
23.2Wheel allocation for Polo BlueMotion, type 9N model year 2007 to model year 2009
Explanation of information on wheels ⇒ page 59
Torque specifications for wheel bolts ⇒ Running gear, axles, steering; Rep. gr. 44 ; Fitting wheels and tyres; Fitting wheels
thgirypocybdetcetorP . icremmocroetavirprofgniypoCla rup op s e s , i n p a r t o r in w hole, isnotpermittedunlessauthorisedbyVolkswagen AG Volkswagen
6Q0 601 027 H, 6Q0 601 027 R - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 145
Size: 5 J x 14
Wheel offset in mm: 35
Wheel load in kg: 455
Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
6Q0 601 025 AC - Wheel and tyre combination ⇒ page 145
Size: 5 J x 14
Volkswagen
thgirypocybdetcetorP . icremmocroetavirprofgniypoCla rup op s e s , i n p a r t o r in w hole, isnotpermittedunlessauthorisedbyVolkswagen
GAnegawskloVybthgirypoC.tnemucodsihtninoitamrof
Bora 1999 ➤ , Bora Variant 1999 ➤ , Fox 2005 ➤ , Golf 1992 ➤ , Golf 1 ... Wheels and Tyres Guide - Archive - Edition 05.2014
24Polo GTI from model year 2006
General
Volkswagen vehicles are built according to the latest findings in safety engineering. To keep it that way, we recommend the use of only genuine Volkswagen spare parts. You can recognise this by the VW Audi logo and by the part number. It has been estab‐lished that these parts are reliable, safe and suitable.
Despiteconstantappraisalofthemarket,wecannotassessother products on these points, even when in isolated cases they have been passed by official inspectors or have been granted official approval. Therefore, we cannot, of course, assume any liability if these products are installed.
WARNING
TheproductsfromVolkswagengenuinepartsandVotexgen‐uine accessories may differ in fitting requirements, torque specificationsandsoon.
The wheel and tyre combinations or changes listed in the vehicle tablesreferexclusivelytoVolkswagenGenuinewheels.Approval of wheel and tyre combinations or a change to wheels from the accessories trade is not possible with the parts certificate attach‐ed here.
isnotpermittedunlessauthorisedbyVolkswagen AG Volkswagen
24.1Polo GTI, type 9N model year 2006 to model year 2009
Appendix for parts certificate 3879/08
The parts certificate can be found on the Volkswagen ServiceNet under Technology; Guides; Wheels and Tyres Guide.
Type Approval No.: e1*2001/116*0174*14 to e1*2001/116*0174*25
Overview
Model engine output Tyres
1.8l 110 kW pet‐rol engine
tyres
size Wheel rim Off‐set in mm
page 15
Snow chains
page 18
Tyre makes recom‐mendedbyVolkswa‐gen:
Model engine output Tyres Tyre size Wheel rim Off‐set in mm Snow chains Remarks
Modification 195/55 R 15 85V 6 J x 15 ⇒ page 149 43 No ♦ Summer tyres ⇒ page 641 ♦ Winter tyres ⇒ page 679
205/40 R17 84W * ⇒ page 149 7 J x 17 ⇒ page 152 38 No
205/40 R17 84W * ⇒ page 149 71/2 J x 17 ⇒ page 153 38 No * Vehicles with 4 doors: curtain and side airbags may not be installed or must be deactivated. Winter tyres 185/55 R 15 82Q 6 J x 15 ⇒ page 149
Yes
Tyre inflation pressures are located on a sticker in the fuel tank flaporin⇒Maintenance;Booklet ;Checktyres:condition,profile, inflation pressure, depth of tread .
24.2Wheel allocation for Polo GTI, type 9N model year 2006 to model year 2009
Explanation of information on wheels ⇒ page 59
Torque specifications for wheel bolts ⇒ Running gear, axles, steering; Rep. gr. 44 ; Fitting wheels and tyres; Fitting wheels
