C-12TRUCKENGINE
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Model:C-12TRUCKENGINE2KS
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OperationandMaintenanceManual
CaterpillarOn-HighwayDieselEngineFluidsRecommendations
MediaNumber-SEBU6385-08PublicationDate-01/11/2009DateUpdated-01/12/2009
Foreword
SMCS-1000-040
LiteratureInformation
Thismanualshouldbestoredintheliteraturestoragearea.
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Theinformationcontainedinthisdocumentisthemostcurrentinformationavailableforcoolants, fuels,andlubricants.RefertotheOperationandMaintenanceManualforanyspeciallubrication requirementsforyourengine.
Wheneveraquestionarisesregardingtheengine,thispublication,ortheOperationandMaintenance Manual,pleaseconsultanyCatdealerforthelatestavailableinformation.
Safety
RefertotheOperationandMaintenanceManualforyourengineforallsafetyinformation.Readand understandthebasicsafetyprecautionslistedintheSafetySection.Inadditiontosafetyprecautions, thissectionidentifiesthetextandlocationsofsafetysignsusedontheengine.
ReadandunderstandthebasicprecautionslistedintheSafetySectionbeforeoperatingorperforming lubrication,maintenanceandrepaironthisengine.
Maintenance
RefertotheOperationandMaintenanceManualforyourenginetodetermineallmaintenance requirements.
MaintenanceIntervals
UsetheMaintenanceIntervalScheduleintheOperationandMaintenanceManualforyourengineto determineservicingintervals.Theactualoperatingenvironmentoftheenginealsogovernsthe maintenanceintervalschedule.Therefore,underextremelysevere,dusty,wetorfreezingcold operatingconditions,morefrequentlubricationandmaintenancethanisspecifiedintheMaintenance IntervalSchedulemaybenecessary.
ExtendedEngineOilDrainsandWarranty
FailuresthatresultfromextendedoildrainperiodsarenotCaterpillarfactorydefectsandtherefore arenotcoveredbyCaterpillar'swarranty.Inaddition,failuresthatresultfromnotusingthe recommendedoiltypearenotCaterpillarfactorydefectsandthereforearenotcoveredbyCaterpillar's warranty.
RefertotheapplicableOperationandMaintenanceManualforstandardoildrainperiodsandtothe MaintenanceSection,"LubricantSpecifications"ofthispublicationforengineoiltypeandviscosity graderecommendations.
Toreducethepotentialriskoffailuresassociatedwithextendedoildrainperiods;itisrecommended thatoildrainintervalsonlybeextendedbasedonoilanalysis,andsubsequentengineinspections.Oil analysisalonedoesnotprovideanindicationoftherateofformationoflacquer,varnishand/or carbononpistonsandotherenginesurfaces.Theonlyaccuratewaytoevaluatespecificoil performanceinaspecificengineandapplicationthatutilizesextendedoildrainperiodsistoobserve theeffectsontheenginecomponents.Thisinvolvestear-downinspectionsofenginesthathaverunto theirnormaloverhaulperiodwithextendedoildrainintervals.Followingthisrecommendationwill helpensurethatexcessivecomponentweardoesnottakeplaceinagivenapplication.
NOTICE
Lightloads,lowhouraccumulation,andexcessiveidlingtimecan contributetoexcessivewaterinthecrankcaseoil.Corrosivedamage, pistondepositsandincreasedoilconsumptioncanalsoresult.Ifoil analysisisnotdoneortheresultsareignored,thepotentialfor corrosivedamageandpistondepositsincreases.Refertothe appropriateOperationandMaintenanceManualforguidance.
Note:Failuresthatresultfromextendedoildrainperiodsarenotwarrantablefailures,regardlessof useofthisrecommendedprocedure.Failuresthatresultfromextendedengineoildrainperiodsare consideredimproperuseunderthewarranty.
AftermarketProductsandWarranty
NOTICE
Whenauxiliarydevices,accessoriesorconsumables(filters,oil, additives,catalysts,fuel,etc.)madebyothermanufacturersareused onCaterpillarproducts,theCaterpillarwarrantyisnotaffected simplybecauseofsuchuse.Failuresthatresultfromtheinstallationor usageofothermanufacturersauxiliarydevices,accessoriesor consumables,however,arenotCaterpillarfactorydefectsand thereforeareNOTcoveredbyCaterpillar'swarranty.
Caterpillarisnotinapositiontoevaluatethemanyauxiliarydevices, accessoriesorconsumablespromotedbyothermanufacturersand theireffectonCaterpillarproducts.Installationoruseofsuchitemsis atthediscretionofthecustomerwhoassumesALLrisksfortheeffects thatresultfromthisusage.
Furthermore,Caterpillardoesnotauthorizetheuseofitstradename, trademark,orlogoinamannerwhichimpliesourendorsementof theseaftermarketproducts.
Copyright1993-2021CaterpillarInc. AllRightsReserved. PrivateNetworkForSISLicensees.
MonJun2121:17:22UTC+05302021
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Product:TRUCKENGINE
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Configuration:C-12TruckEngine2KS00001-UP
OperationandMaintenanceManual
CaterpillarOn-HighwayDieselEngineFluidsRecommendations
MediaNumber-SEBU6385-08PublicationDate-01/11/2009DateUpdated-01/12/2009
AftermarketOilAdditives
SMCS-1300;1348;7581
i04066049
Catdoesnotrecommendtheuseofaftermarketadditivesinoil.Aftermarketadditivesarenot necessaryinordertoachievethemaximumservicelifeoftheengineorratedperformanceofthe engine.Fullyformulated,finishedoilsconsistofbaseoilsandofcommercialadditivepackages. Theseadditivepackagesareblendedintothebaseoilsatprecisepercentagesinordertohelpprovide performancecharacteristicsthatmeetindustrystandards.
Therearenoindustrystandardteststhatevaluatetheperformanceorthecompatibilityofaftermarket additivesinfinishedoil.Aftermarketadditivesmaynotbecompatiblewiththefinishedoiladditive package,whichcouldlowertheperformanceofthefinishedoil.Theaftermarketadditivecouldfailto mixwiththefinishedoilandproducesludgeinthecrankcase.Catdiscouragestheuseofaftermarket additivesinfinishedoils.
ToachievethebestperformancefromaCatengine,conformtothefollowingguidelines:
•SelecttheproperCatoilorcommercialoil.Refertothe"LubricantSpecifications"sectionof thisSpecialPublication.
•Refertothe"LubricantViscositiesforAmbientTemperatures"tableinthisSpecialPublication inordertofindthecorrectoilviscositygradeforyourengine.
•Atthespecifiedinterval,servicetheenginecompartment.Useappropriatenewoilandinstall anappropriatenewoilfilter.
•PerformmaintenanceattheintervalsthatarespecifiedintheOperationandMaintenance Manual,"MaintenanceIntervalSchedule".
MonJun2121:19:46UTC+05302021
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Model:C-12TRUCKENGINE2KS
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OperationandMaintenanceManual
CaterpillarOn-HighwayDieselEngineFluidsRecommendations
MediaNumber-SEBU6385-08PublicationDate-01/11/2009DateUpdated-01/12/2009 i03647212
Biodiesel
SMCS-1280
NOTICE
Theserecommendationsaresubjecttochangewithoutnotice.Consult yourlocalCaterpillardealerforthemostuptodaterecommendations.
Biodieselisafuelthatcanbemadefromavarietyofrenewableresourcesthatincludevegetableoils, animalfat,andwastecookingoil.Soybeanoilandrapeseedoilaretheprimaryvegetableoilsources. Therawoilsoranimalfatsarechemicallyprocessed(esterified)toformafattyacidmethylester (referredtoasFAME).Theesterifiedproduct(FAME)isbiodieselfuelthatcanbeusedin compressionignitionengines.Withoutthechemicalprocessingreferredtoasesterification,theoilsor fatsarenotsuitableforuseasfuelincompressionignitionengines.Inordertouseanyoftheoilsor fatslistedaboveasfuel,theoilorfatmustbeesterifiedandthewaterandcontaminantsremoved.
Fuelmadeof100percentFAMEisgenerallyreferredtoasB100biodieselorneatbiodiesel.
Biodieselcanbeblendedwithdistillatedieselfuel.Theblendscanbeusedasfuel.Themost commonlyavailablebiodieselblendsareB5,whichis5percentbiodieseland95percentdistillate dieselfuel,andB20,whichis20percentbiodieseland80percentdistillatedieselfuel.Notethatthe percentagesarevolumebased.
U.S.distillatedieselfuelspecification"ASTMD975-09a"includesuptoB5(5percent)biodiesel. Currently,anydieselfuelintheU.S.maycontainuptoB5biodieselfuel.
Europeandistillatedieselfuelspecification"EN590"includesuptoB5(5percent)andinsome regionsuptoB7(7percent)biodiesel.AnydieselfuelinEuropemaycontainuptoB5orinsome regionsuptoB7biodieselfuel.
This is the sample of the manual if you need complete manual Click Here to download
EnginesthataremanufacturedbyCaterpillararecertifiedbyuseoftheprescribedU.S.EPAand EuropeanCertificationfuels.Caterpillardoesnotcertifydieselenginestomeetemissionsstandards onanyotherfuel.
Note:Theuseroftheenginehastheresponsibilityofusingthecorrectfuelthatisrecommendedby themanufacturerandallowedbytheU.S.EPAandotherappropriateregulatoryagencies.
Caterpillarisnotinapositiontoevaluatethemanyvariationsofbiodieselandthelongtermeffects onperformance,durability,orcompliancetoemissionsstandardsforCaterpillarproducts.
Note:InordertoalignCaterpillarrecommendationswiththelatestrevisionof"ASTMD7467" specificationforB6-B20blendsandtoensurethatbiodieselfuelmeetsdefinedqualitystandards, Caterpillarrecommendationsforacceptablebiodieselblendformostengineshavebeenchangedto B20.Detailsontheuseofhigherblendsaregiveninthis"Biodiesel"sectionofthisSpecial Publication.
NOTICE
InNorthAmerica,theuseofbiodieselfrom"BQ-9000"accredited producersand"BQ-9000"certifiedmarketersisrequired.Refertothe "Recommendations"sectionfordetails.
NOTICE
FailuresthatresultfromtheuseofanyfuelarenotCaterpillarfactory defects.Therefore,thecostofrepairwouldNOTbecoveredbythe Caterpillarwarrantyformaterialsand/orthewarrantyfor workmanship.
NOTICE
Thefootnotesareakeypartofthe"CaterpillarSpecificationfor BiodieselFuel"Table.ReadALLfootnotes.
Table1
RecommendationsforbiodieselfuelapplicationinOn-HighwayCatengines Enginemodel
2007andnewer
C13andC15EPAcertifiedand/orC15Euro IVcertified UptoB20(2)
C7andC9EPAcertified UptoB5(2)(3)
2006andolder Allmodels UptoB20(4)
(1)RefertoTables2and4andtothedetailsprovidedinthissectionforbiodieselfuelrequirements.
(2)
ppmsulfur)designationsinthelatesteditionof"ASTMD975"specification.ForapplicationsinEU,thedieselfuel
(3)TheacceptablebiodieselblendlevelcanbeincreaseduptoB10±1forC7andC9EPA2007modelyearcertified enginesandnewerifCatDieselFuelSystemCleaner(partnumber343-6210)isusedateveryoildrainintervalforat leastonefueltank(followtherecommendationsprovidedintheCat"FuelAdditives"sectioninthisSpecial Publication)andtheCatNozzleCleaner(partnumber304-7755)isusedasneededtocleantheARDnozzle.
(4)For2006andolderenginemodels,foruseofblendsofbiodieselaboveB20(20percent),refertoTable3inthis SpecialPublicationfortheguidelinesandimpactsofusinghighbiodieselblendsandconsultyourCaterpillardealer forguidance.AcompleteCaterpillarS·O·SServicesoilanalysisprogramisrequiredwhenbiodieselorblendsof biodieselthatisB20(20percent)oraboveisused.
Table2
FuelRecommendationsforOn-HighwayCaterpillarengines
BiodieselBlendStock FinalBlend
DistillateDieselFuelusedfor blending
Caterpillarbiodiesel specification,(1)"ASTM D6751"or"EN14214"
B5:Caterpillardistillatediesel fuelspecification,(2)"ASTM D975"or"EN590"
Caterpillardistillatediesel fuelspecification,"ASTM D975"or"EN590"B20:"ASTMD7467"and"API" gravity30-45
(1)RefertoTable4intheBiodieselsectionofthisSpecialPublication.
(2)Referto"CaterpillarSpecificationforDistillateDieselFuelforOn-HighwayEngines"intheFuelsectionofthis SpecialPublication.
Inordertobeacceptableforblending,thebiodieselconstituentmustmeettherequirementsthatare listedin"CaterpillarSpecificationforBiodieselFuel"inthisSpecialPublication,thelatesteditionof "ASTMD6751",and/orthelatesteditionof"EN14214".
Distillatedieselfuelsthatmeettherequirementsof"CaterpillarSpecificationforDistillateDiesel FuelforOn-HighwayEngines"inthisSpecialPublication,the"NationalConferenceonWeightsand Measures"(NCWM)PremiumDieseldefinition,thelatesteditionof"ASTMD975S15"designation;
and/orthelatesteditionof"EN590",sulfurfreedesignation.No.1-DandNo.2-Dareexamplesof fuelsthatareacceptableforcreatingbiodieselblends.
BiodieselblendsofB6toB20mustmeettherequirementslistedinthelatesteditionof"ASTM D7467"(B6toB20)andmustbeofanAPIgravityof30-45.
BiodieselblendsofuptoB5mustmeettherequirementsforthedistillatedieselfuelthatarelistedin the"CaterpillarSpecificationforDistillateDieselFuelforOn-HighwayEngines"inthisSpecial Publication,thelatesteditionof"ASTMD975",and/orthelatesteditionof"EN590".
Note:TheacceptablebiodieselblendlevelcanbeincreaseduptoB10±1forC7andC9EPA2007 modelyearcertifiedenginesandnewer,ifCatDieselFuelSystemCleaner(partNumber343-6210)is usedinthefirstfueltankfillandateveryoildrainintervalthereafter.Followtherecommendations providedinthe"FuelAdditives"topicinthisSpecialPublication,"CharacteristicsofDieselFuel" article.Also,theCatNozzleCleaner(partnumber304-7755)maybeusedasneededinordertoclean theAftertreatmentRegenerationDevice(ARD)nozzle.
Note:For2007andnewerenginemodels,useofbiodieselblendshigherthantherecommendations providedin"CaterpillarSpecificationforBiodieselFuel"inthisSpecialPublicationmayadversely affectengineandaftertreatmentcomponents,mainlyduetocontaminantspresentinbiodiesel.The repairofanyengineoraftrereatmentcomponentsduetosuchcontaminationorduetootherbiodiesel impactswouldnotbecoveredundertheCaterpillarwarrantyformaterialsand/orthewarrantyfor workmanship.Referto"AdditionalMaintenanceRequirements"topicinthisSpecialPublication, "Biodiesel"article.
Note:For2006andolderenginemodels,foruseofblendsofbiodieselaboveB20(20percent),refer to"Guidelinesandpotentialimpactsassociatedwiththeuseofbiodieselandbiodieselblends"table3 inthisSpecialPublicationfortheguidelinesandimpactsofusinghighbiodieselblends.Consultyour Caterpillardealerforguidance.AcompleteCaterpillarS·O·SServicesoilanalysisprogramis requiredwhenbiodieselorblendsofbiodieselthatareB20(20percent)oraboveareused.
Either"ASTMD7371"-"TestMethodforDeterminationofBiodiesel(FattyAcidMethylEsters) ContentinDieselFuelOilUsingMidInfraredSpectroscopy(FTIR-ATR-PLSMethod)"or"EN 14078""-LiquidPetroleumProducts-Determinationoffattyacidmethylesters(FAME)inmiddle distillates-Infraredspectroscopymethod"canbeusedfordeterminingthevolumepercentbiodieselin abiodieselblend.
Forapplicationsrunningbiodieselorbiodieselblends,itisrecommendedtouseeitherCatDieselFuel SystemCleaner(Partnumber343-6210)orCatDieselFuelConditioner(Partnumber256-4968).Cat DieselFuelSystemCleaner,usedasneededoronanon-goingbasis,ismosteffectiveatcleaningand preventingtheformationoffuel-relateddeposits.CatDieselFuelConditionercanbeusedtoimprove fuelstabilityandcanhelppreventtheformationoffuelrelateddeposits.
Additionalmaintenancerequirements
Whenbiodieselfuelisused,crankcaseoilandaftertreatmentsystemsmaybeinfluenced.This influenceisduetothechemicalcompositionandcharacteristicsofbiodieselfuel,suchasdensityand volatility,andtochemicalcontaminantsthatcanbepresentinthisfuel,suchasphosphorous,alkali, andalkalinemetals(sodium,potassium,calcium,andmagnesium).
•Crankcaseoilfueldilutioncanbehigherwhenbiodieseland/orbiodieselblendsareused.This increasedleveloffueldilutionwhenusingbiodieseland/orbiodieselblendsisrelatedtothe typicallylowervolatilityofbiodiesel.Inaddition,in-cylinderemissionscontrolstrategies utilizedinmanyofthelatestenginedesignsmayleadtoahigherlevelofbiodiesel concentrationinthesump.Thelong-termeffectofbiodieselconcentrationincrankcaseoilis currentlyunknown.TheuseofCatS·O·SServicesoilanalysisisstronglyrecommended whenuptoB20(20percent)andlowerbiodieselblendsareused,andrequiredwhenusing biodiesel/biodieselblendsthatareB20orabove(whenrequestingoilanalysis,besureto notethelevelofbiodieselbeingused(B5,B20,etc.)).
•Biodieselfuelcontainsmetalcontaminants(phosphorous,sodium,potassium,calcium,and/or magnesium)thatformashproductsuponcombustioninthedieselengine.Theashcan accumulateinDieselParticulateFilters(DPF)thatareusedinEPAand/orEU2007modelyear certifiedandnewerengines.WhenB6toB20biodieselfuelisused,ashaccumulationinthe DPFmaybehigherthanwithlowerblends.Theashaccumulationmaycausetheneedformore frequentashserviceintervalsand/orcauselossofperformance.
•ForCatEPA2007modelyearcertifiedandnewerC7,C9on-highwaydieselenginesthatuse theappropriateblendofbiodiesel,assetforthabove,Caterpillarrecommendscleaningthe nozzleoftheCatRegenerationSystemAftertreatmentRegenerationDevice(ARD)(also knownastheCatRegenerationSystem(CRS))attheregularlyscheduledoilchange maintenanceinterval.RefertotheapplicableOperationandMaintenanceManualforthe procedureforcleaningtheARDnozzle.Failuretoperformthisadditionalmaintenancewillnot negativelyimpacttheCaterpillaremissionswarranty.
Note:UseofblendshigherthanB20isnotrecommendedinenginesequippedwithDPFdevices.
Note:CatNozzleCleaner,partnumber304-7755,isrecommendedforusetocleantheARDnozzle. RefertotheapplicableOperationandMaintenanceManualfortheprocedureforcleaningthenozzle.
FuelSystemDeposits
Biodieselandbiodieselblendsareknowntocauseanincreaseinfuelsystemdeposits,most significantofwhicharedepositswithinthefuelinjector.Thesedepositscancausealossinpowerdue torestrictedormodifiedfuelinjectionorcauseotherfunctionalissuesassociatedwiththesedeposits.
CatDieselFuelSystemCleaner(partnumber343-6210),usedasneededoronanon-goingbasis,is mosteffectiveincleaningandpreventingtheformationofdeposits.CatDieselFuelConditioner(part number256-4968)helpstolimitdepositissuesbyimprovingthestabilityofbiodieselandbiodiesel blendswhilealsohinderingtheproductionofnewdeposits.Therefore,theuseofCatDieselFuel SystemCleanerand/orCatDieselFuelConditionerisstronglyrecommendedwhenrunning biodieselandbiodieselblends,especiallywhenusingB20orhigherblendlevels.Refertothis SpecialPublication,"DistillateDieselFuel",article,"CatDieselFuelConditioner"and"CatDiesel FuelSystemCleaner"topicsinthisSpecialPublication,"DistillateDieselFuel"foradditional information.
ConsultyourCaterpillardealerforavailabilityofCatDieselFuelSystemCleanerandCatDieselFuel Conditioner.
Recommendations
Biodieselthatmeetstherequirementsthatarelistedinthe"CaterpillarSpecificationforBiodiesel Fuel",thelatesteditionof"ASTMD6751",orthelatesteditionof"EN14214"isnotexpectedtopose majorproblemswhenblendedwithanacceptabledistillatedieselfuelatthemaximumstated percentages.However,thefollowingrecommendationsshouldbefollowed:
Note:Forthepurposeoftheserecommendations,thecautions,guidelinesandrecommendations applicabletobiodiesel(B100)arealsoapplicabletobiodieselblends(B2,B5,B20,etc.).Theimpacts ofbiodieselblendshigherthanB20are,ingeneral,moreseverethantheimpactsofbiodieselblends ofB20orlower.RefertoTable3ofthisBiodieselsectionformoredetails.
Note:Fuelstoragetanksshouldbethoroughlycleanedbeforeconvertingtobiodiesel/biodiesel blends.Conversiontobiodiesel/biodieselblendscanloosenfuelsystemandfuelstoragetank deposits.Bulktankcontinuousfiltrationunitanddispensingpointfilters,andonboardenginefilters changeintervalsmayneedtobeshortenedforanextendedperiodoftimeinordertoallowforthis cleaningeffect.
InNorthAmerica,theuseofbiodieselfrom"BQ-9000"accreditedproducersand"BQ-9000"certified marketersisrequired.Lookforthe"BQ-9000"biodieselqualityaccreditationprogramcertification logothatisavailabletodistributorsthatmeettherequirementsof"BQ-9000".Formoreinformation onthe"BQ-9000"program,goto"www.BQ-9000.org".
Inotherareasoftheworld,theuseofbiodieselthatis"BQ-9000"accreditedandcertified,orthatis accreditedandcertifiedbyacomparablebiodieselqualitybodytomeetsimilarbiodieselquality controlstandards,isrequired.
Whenusingbiodieselfuel,thefollowingrecommendationsandguidelinesshouldbeobserved:
1.Theoilchangeintervalcanbenegativelyaffectedbytheuseofbiodiesel.UseS·O·SServices oilanalysisinordertomonitortheconditionoftheengineoil.S·O·SServicesoilanalysiswill alsohelpdeterminetheoilchangeintervalthatisoptimum.
2.Confirmwiththefiltermanufacturerthatthefuelfilter/filterstobeusedarecompatiblewith biodiesel.Fuelwaterseparatorsarepreferredwhenbiodieselisused.
Note:CatfuelfiltersandCatfuelwaterseparatorsarecompatiblewithbiodieselfuel.
3.Conversiontobiodieselcanloosenfuelsystemdeposits.Fuelfilterchangeintervalsmayneed tobeshortenedforanextendedperiodoftimeinordertoallowforthiscleaningeffectwhen convertingusedenginestobiodiesel.
4.Filterbiodieselandbiodieselblendsthroughafuelfilterwitharatingoffourmicrons(c) absoluteorless.Filtersshouldbelocatedonthedevicethatdispensesthefueltothefueltank fortheengine.Filtersshouldbelocatedonthedevicethatdispensesfuelfromthebulkstorage tank.Seriesfiltrationisrecommended.
5.Inacomparisonofdistillatefuelstobiodiesel,neatbiodiesel(B100)typicallyprovidesless energypergallonby5percentto8percent.DoNOTattempttochangetheengineratingin ordertocompensateforthepowerloss.Thiswillhelpavoidengineproblemswhentheengine isconvertedbackto100percentdistillatedieselfuel.Furthermore,anyadjustmentstothe engineinservicetocompensateforthepowerlossmayresultinviolationofemissions regulationssuchastheU.S.EPAanti-tamperingprovisions.
6.Compatibilityoftheelastomerswithbiodieseliscurrentlybeingmonitored.Theconditionof sealsandhosesshouldbemonitoredregularly.Biodieselmaysoften,degrade,orleakfrom sometypesofelastomersusedinsealsandhoses.Thehigherthebiodieselblendthegreaterthe riskofelastomerrelatedissues.
a.Ingeneral,Catenginesbuiltearlytomid90suseVitonsealsandVitonO-ringsinthe fuelsystem.Vitoniscompatiblewithbiodiesel.
b.Nitrilehosestypicallyusedinsomefueltransferlinesarenotcompatiblewithbiodiesel. Monitortheconditionofthehosesandconfirmwiththehosemanufacturerthatthehoses arecompatiblewiththebiodieselblendused.Ifnecessary,replacewithhosesof compatiblematerials.
7.Biodieselmayposelowambienttemperatureproblemsforbothstorageandoperation.Atlow ambienttemperatures,biodieselfuelmayneedtobestoredinaheatedbuildingoraheated storagetank.Thefuelsystemmayrequireheatedfuellines,filters,andtanks.Filtersmayplug andfuelinthetankmaysolidifyatlowambienttemperaturesifprecautionsarenottaken. Consultyourbiodieselsupplierforassistanceintheblendingandattainingofthepropercloud pointforthefuel.
Note:Theperformanceofcoldflowimproverscanbereducedinthepresenceofbiodieselfuel. Consultthefuelsupplierforappropriatecoldflowimproversifneeded.
8.Biodieselcanbeproducedusingvariousrenewablesources.Thesourceusedcanaffectproduct performance.Twoofthefuelcharacteristicsaffectedarecoldflowandoxidationstability. Consultyourfuelsupplierforguidance.
9.Biodieselhaspooroxidationstability,whichmayacceleratefueloxidationinthefuelsystem. Engineswithanelectronicfuelsystemoperateathighertemperatures.RefertothisSpecial Publication,"DistillateDieselFuel"article,"AftermarketFuelAdditives","CatDieselFuel Conditioner",and"CatDieselFuelSystemCleaner"topicsforinformationconcerning oxidationstabilityandotherfueladditives.
10.Pooroxidationstabilityofbiodieselcanresultinlong-termstorageproblems.Biodieselshould beusedwithinalimitedtimefromproduction.Inordertoensureappropriatestorageduration, testingofthestoredbiodieselisstronglyrecommended.Testsshouldincludeoxidation,acid number,viscosity,andsediments.Testsshouldbeconductedperiodicallytoensurebiodieselis perspecification.Antioxidantsarerecommendedtoimprovestabilityofbiodiesel.CatDiesel FuelConditioner,partnumber256-4968,orappropriatecommercialadditivesare recommended.Consultyourfuelsupplierformoreinformation.
a.B20biodieselblendcangenerallybestoreduptoeightmonths.TestingofB20blendsis stronglyrecommendedatfourmonthsofstorageandonamonthlybasisthereafterto ensurethatthefuelhasnotdegraded.
b.B100biodieselcangenerallybestoreduptofourmonths.TestingofB100isstrongly recommendedattwomonthsofstorageandeverytwoweeksthereaftertoensurethatthe fuelhasnotdegraded.TheuseofappropriateadditivesisrequiredifB100isstoredmore thanfourmonths.Consultyourfuelsupplierformoreinformation.
c.B100biodieselshouldbestoredattemperaturesof30°C(50°F)to60°C(100°F)above thecloudpoint.
11.Duetopooroxidationstabilityandotherpotentialissues,itisstronglyrecommendedthat engineswithlimitedoperationaltimeeithernotusebiodiesel/biodieselblendsor,while acceptingsomerisk,limitbiodieseltoamaximumofB5.Examplesofapplicationsthatshould limittheuseofbiodieselarethefollowing:StandbyGeneratorsetsandcertainemergency vehicles.
a.AdditionofCatDieselFuelConditioner,partnumber256-4968,oranappropriate commercialadditivecontainingantioxidants/oxidationstabilityimprovers,isstrongly recommendedforstandbygeneratorsetsandemergencyvehiclesusing biodiesel/biodieselblends.Theconditionershouldbeaddedwhentheengineisfueledor asearlyaspossiblewhenthefuelisdeliveredandstored.Preferably,theconditioneror additiveshouldbeaddedassoonaspossibleafterthefuelisproduced.
b.Forstandbygeneratorsetsandemergencyvehiclesthatusebiodiesel,samplethefuelin theenginetankmonthly.Testthefuelforacidnumberandoxidationstability.Ifthetest resultsshowthatthefuelisdegradedandthatthefuelisnotpertheappropriate specifications(providedinTable4inthis"Biodiesel"section),drainthetank,flushwith highqualityfuelandthenrefillwithhighqualityfuelfollowingtherecommendations providedinthis"Fuel"section
c.Forstandbygeneratorsetsandemergencyvehiclesthatusebiodiesel,itisstrongly recommendedthatthefueloxidationstabilityis10hoursormoreper"EN14112"test method.
12.Biodieselisanexcellentmediumformicrobialcontaminationandgrowth.Microbial contaminationandgrowthcancausecorrosioninthefuelsystemandprematurepluggingofthe fuelfilter.Consultyoursupplieroffuelandadditiveforassistanceinselectingappropriateantimicrobialadditives.
13.Caremustbetakeninordertoremovewaterfromfueltanks.Wateracceleratesmicrobial contaminationandgrowth.Whenbiodieseliscomparedtodistillatefuels,waterisnaturally morelikelytoexistinthebiodiesel.
14.Biodieseldilutionofengineoilmayresultinoilsideleaksduetoincompatibilityoftheseals thataretypicallyusedontheoilside.Linersealsandoilcoolersealsmaybeaffectedby biodieseldilution.MonitortheconditionoftheoilsidesealsandconsultyourCaterpillardealer forappropriatereplacementifneeded.
15.Biodieselisnotcompatiblewithsomemetals.Biodiesel,inparticularB100andblendshigher thanB20,willoxidizeandformsedimentsuponlongtermcontactwithlead,zinc,tin,copper, andcopperalloyssuchasbrassandbronze.ConsultyourDealerformoreinformation.
NOTICE
Thefootnotesareanintegralpartofthe"PotentialRiskAssociated withBiodieselBlends"table.ReadALLfootnotes.
Table3
Guidelinesandpotentialimpactsassociatedwiththeuseofbiodieselandbiodieselblends(1)
Recommendation/impacts
1Riskofreductionofoilchange interval NegligibleLow High
2FuelfilterscompatibilityriskNegligibleLowMedium
3Looseningoffuelsystemdepositsuponconversiontobiodiesel.NegligibleMediumHigh
4Bulkfiltrationofbiodieselabsoluteabsoluteabsolute
5EnergycontentofbiodieselSimilarto Diesel Minorlossof1-2 percent Detectablelossof 5-8percent
6CompatibilitywithelastomersLowLow-MediumHigh
7Lowambienttemperatureproblemsforbothstorageandoperation.MediumMedium-HighHigh
8Feedstockimpact MediumHigh High
9Oxidationstability-Injectordeposits risk LowMediumHigh
10Oxidationstability-Durationof storage(2) Similarto DieselfuelEightmonths(3)Fourmonths(4)
11Useinengineswithlimited operationaltime Maximum allowedUnacceptableUnacceptable
12MicrobialcontaminationandgrowthRisk. Medium
13Needforwaterremoval
14Oil-sidesealincompatibilityNegligibleMedium
Informationprovidedinthistablereferstobiodieselandbiodieselblendsthatfullycomplywiththeappropriate specificationsasdescribedinthe"Biodiesel"sectionofthisSpecialPublicationandtohandlingandmaintenance proceduresthatfollowrecommendedguidelines.
(2)Testingofbiodieselorbiodieselblendduringstorageisstronglyrecommended.Testsshouldincludeoxidation,acid number,viscosityandsediments.Testsshouldbeconductedperiodicallytoensurebiodieselisperspecification. Antioxidantsarerecommendedtoimprovestabilityofbiodiesel.CatDieselFuelConditioner,partnumber256-4968, orcommercialappropriateadditivesarerecommended.Consultyourfuelsupplierformoreinformation.
(3)TestingofB20blendsisrecommendedatfourmonthsofstorageandonamonthlybasisthereafter.
(4)B100storedforovertwomonthsshouldbetestedeverytwoweekstoensurethatthefuelisnotdegraded.Theuseof appropriateadditivesisrequiredifB100isstoredmorethanfourmonths.Consultyourfuelsupplierformore information.Inaddition,B100shouldbestoredattemperaturesof3degreesCto6degreesC(5degreesFto10 degreesF)abovethecloudpoint.
Note:TheuseofbiodieselataB2levelimprovesthelubricityofthefinalblendbyanestimated66 percent.IncreasingtheblendlevelhigherthanB2doesnotimprovethelubricityanyfurther.
SeasonalOperation
Itisstronglyrecommendedthatseasonallyoperatedengineshavethefuelsystems,includingfuel tanks,flushedwithconventionaldieselfuelbeforeprolongedshutdownperiods.Anexampleofan applicationthatshouldseasonallyflushthefuelsystemisschoolbuses(U.S.).
Performthefollowingprocessbeforeshuttingdowntheengineforprolongedperiods:
1.Operatetheengineuntilthefuellevelinthetankisverylow.
2.Refillthefueltankwithhighqualityconventionaldistillatedieselfuel.
3.Repeatsteps1and2aminimumoftwotimesbeforetheengineisshutdownforprolonged periods.
Ifdistillatefuelisnotavailabletooperatetheengineasdescribedabove,whileacceptingsomerisk, limitbiodieseltoamaximumofB5.Followtherecommendationsprovidedinthissectionandthe guidelinesgivenbelowtoreducetherisk:
•AdditionofCaterpillarDieselFuelConditioner,partnumber256-4968,oranappropriate commercialadditivecontainingantioxidants/oxidationstabilityinprovers,isstrongly recommendedpriortoengineshutdownforprolongedperiods.Theconditionershouldbe addedwhentheengineisfueled.Preferably,theconditionerisaddedtothefuelassoonas possibleafterthefuelproduction.
•AdditionofCaterpillarDieselFuelSystemCleaner,partnumber343-6210,oranappropriate commercialcleanerisrecommendedwhentheengineisfirstoperatedaftertheprolonged shutdownperiodandpreferablyforatotaloftwotanksoffuel.Followtherecommendations providedintheCaterpillarDieselFuelSystemCleanersectioninthe"Fuel"articleinthis SpecialPublication.
ConsultyourCaterpillardealerfortheavailabilityofCaterpillarDieselFuelConditionerand CaterpillarDieselFuelSystemCleaner.
