Issuu

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Teen Talk Group Norms

• Practice inclusive language

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Welcome to Teen Talk

1. Respect • Listen actively • Take space, make space

Lesson 1: Values and Resources

Teen Talk Group Norms

1. Respect

1. Respect • Listen actively • Take space, make space

• Practice inclusive language

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• Listen actively • Take space, make space

2. Communication

2. Communication • Identify your trusted adults

• Keep an open mind

• Build connections

• Ask questions openly or anonymously

Teen Talk Group Norms

1. Respect

• Listen actively • Take space, make space

• Practice inclusive language

2. Communication

3. Curiosity

2. Communication

3. Curiosity

• Identify your trusted adults

• Keep an open mind

• Identify your trusted adults

• Keep an open mind

• Build connections

• Ask questions openly or anonymously

• Build connections

• Ask questions openly or anonymously

4. Privacy

3. Curiosity

• Identify your trusted adults

4. Privacy

5. Well-being

• Create a safe space together

• Feel your feelings

• Expect transparency

• Find what works for you

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Teen Talk Group Norms

Calming Strategies

1. Respect

1) Physical breaks

• Listen actively • Take space, make space

• Basic needs

• Practice inclusive language

3. Curiosity

• Identify your trusted adults

• Keep an open mind

• Build connections

• Ask questions openly or anonymously

4. Privacy

5. Well-being

• Create a safe space together

• Feel your feelings

• Expect transparency

• Find what works for you

• drinking water • standing and stretching • putting your head down

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2. Communication

• Environment

• stepping outside • walking to the bathroom • visiting the counselor’s office

Calming Strategies

5 see 4 touch 3 hear 2 smell 1 taste

things you can

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2) Mental breaks

Let’s Take a Moment to…

• Focus tools

• fidget toys • coloring pages • doodling or drawing

• Grounding techniques • find objects of one color • 5-4-3-2-1 method • breathing exercises

breathe in

things you can

breathe out

thing you can

Anonymous Question Box

Agenda

Everyone must turn in a question paper at the end of each lesson

✓ Group Norms ✓ Teen Talk Logistics

No question? Write something you learned!

❑ Intro Survey

• Do not write your name* (or anyone else’s name)

❑ Values: Think About It

• Do not take anything out of the Question Box (or read from

❑ Clinics & Resources

anyone else’s question paper)

• Do not submit any personal questions (about peers or instructors)

❑ Communication & Trust

* unless you want me to reach out privately

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Intro Survey Answer the questions quietly on your own, and raise your hand when finished J

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Think About It: Clarifying Values

The survey is anonymous and will not be graded!

If you don’t know an answer, guess or select “not sure”

Think About It

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Think About It

values

the fundamental beliefs that guide and motivate our behavior and help us to prioritize what is important

Think About It

Personal Values

Universal Values

An individual’s central beliefs that guide their decision-making

Principles that apply to all humans and motivate us to improve our world

Morals

Ethics

Our standards regarding “right” and “wrong”

Morals in action, evident through our behavior

(or family)

What are some examples of personal values? • Honesty • Success • Responsibility • Comfort

• Equality • Gratitude

• Generosity

• Pleasure

• Loyalty

• Inclusion

• Safety

• Independence

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Think About It

Operating within our personal values system increases well-being and enables healthier relationships.

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• Honesty • Success • Responsibility • Comfort

• Equality • Gratitude

• Generosity

• Pleasure

• Loyalty

• Inclusion

• Safety

• Independence

How do we get our personal values? • Honesty • Success • Responsibility • Comfort

• Equality • Gratitude

• Generosity

• Pleasure

• Loyalty

• Inclusion

• Safety

• Independence

Think About It SELF

siblings

parent(s)

religion

school

Think about whether you AGREE or DISAGREE with each statement and why

friends

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society

Think About It

personal

culture

values

everyone has their own opinions and feelings

media

(fundamental beliefs)

community

• There are no “right” or “wrong” answers – • Remember our Group Norms –

listen respectfully when peers are sharing

experiences

role models

family

• Pick a side! – there is no

“middle” option, but you can volunteer to explain yourself

trusted adults

Think About It

Agree

On a date, Disagree each person should pay for themself.

Agree

Sexting is safer than having sex.

Disagree

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Laws About Sexual Images

Child Sexual Abuse Material (Federal)

Cyber Exploitation (California)

(anyone under 18 years old)

TAKE IT DOWN (Federal)

posting nude or sexual images of someone online without their consent, including “deepfakes” www.takeitdown.ncmec.org

sharing sexual images of another person without their consent, resulting in emotional distress

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creating, viewing, or sharing nude or sexual images of a minor

Sextortion (California)

threatening to share or expose nude or sexual images in order to get someone to do something www.takeitdown.ncmec.org

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Think About It

Agree

It’s easy for Disagree teens to get sexual health services

Clinics & Resources

(e.g., condoms, STI testing, birth control)

Teen Health Rights

Family PACT

Adult permission is NOT required – but we encourage talking with an adult that you trust!

Find locations to sign-up here: familypact.org

Services are FREE and CONFIDENTIAL For more information, check out:

myschoolmyrights.com/rights

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Teen Health Rights

Examples of Health Clinics

• Legal access to sexual health services:

Planned Parenthood Kaiser Teen Clinic*

• Birth control, including condoms and emergency contraception

abortion, and prenatal care

• STI testing and treatment (age 12 and older)

• All of these services can be FREE

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• Pregnancy testing, options counseling,

many clinics now offer telehealth appointments!

• Schools must release students for these and other confidential medical services

* members only

Teen Talk Resources

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MentalHealth Health Mental && Body BodyImage Image

Gender & Sexual Identities

Bodies, Birth Control & STIs

Trusted Adults

Examples of trusted adults may include: • Parent, mom, dad, stepparent, grandparent, guardian, foster parent, friend’s parent

Relationships & Sexual Safety

• Older sibling, cousin, aunt, uncle, family friend • Mentor, coach, tutor, advisor, club leader • Teacher, principal, aide, social worker

Pregnancy & Parenting

• Doctor, nurse, counselor, therapist • Neighbor, caregiver, community leader

Let’s Talk (Interview HW)

Trusted Adult Communication

• Choose a trusted adult in your life (age 21 or older) who you feel comfortable talking with

• Timing is key – try when they are not busy or distracted

• Interview them – use the worksheet as a guide to ask questions, listen to their answers, then write a short reflection about your conversation • After each “Talk,” ask your trusted adult to sign the worksheet • Talks #1-2 due: _________ • Talks #3-4 due: _________

• Give a heads up – let them know you would like to talk, ask them to set aside time later • De-personalize sensitive topics – may help to talk about a friend or something in the media • Start simple – work up to harder questions • It’s OK to feel nervous – they probably do too!

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Lesson 1 Wrap-Up

Looking Forward Next class…

Let’s Review!

Human Bodies • Overview of all body systems

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• What did you learn about California laws today? • What did you learn about your personal values? • How many local clinics can we name as a class?

• Intro to sexual development

• Diagrams of pelvic anatomy (internal & external genitals)

• Discuss stages of reproduction (from conception to birth)

Draw or build something Take a walk or nap Listen to music or a new podcast Write a letter to a friend or relative

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Self-Care Ideas:

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Welcome Question

Lesson 2: Human Bodies

What are some things that all humans have in common?

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Welcome to Teen Talk

Group Norms

Calming Strategies

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1. Respect

me sip soter a w

2. Communication

p ut y h ea d our dow n

dle doo w d r ra o

breathe in

3. Curiosity

5-4-3 -2 meth -1 od

breathe out

4. Privacy

5. Well-being

Agenda

Welcome Question What are some things that all humans have in common?

ü Opening Routine

q Intro to Body Systems q Sexual Development

• We are all social beings

q Pelvic Anatomy

• We are all emotional beings

q Human Reproduction

• We are all physical beings

q Closing Routine

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Nervous System brain & spinal cord (central), nerves (peripheral)

Intro to Human Body Systems

• Sensory nerves receive info about our surroundings

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• Sight, sound, smell, taste, touch (pain and pleasure)

• Brain (control center) sends

signals to all other systems

• Can activate our survival mechanisms (fight, flight, freeze)

Respiratory System

Circulatory System (cardiovascular)

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lungs, trachea, pharynx, larynx, sinuses…

• Creates an airway that allows for breathing and speaking

heart & blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)

• Circulates blood, delivering

oxygen to all cells in the body

• “Voice box” (larynx) enables sound

• Lungs inhale air, absorb oxygen, then exhale carbon dioxide

• Blood pressure and heart rate increase during arousal

• Regulates body temperature by adjusting blood flow

• Breathing quickens during sexual arousal, physical activity, and survival responses

Endocrine System

• Changes in blood flow affect erectile tissue in the genitals

Muscular System

hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, testes, ovaries…

skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, and smooth muscles

• Produces hormones (chemical

• Skeletal muscles enable voluntary

messengers) that influence many

bodily processes

• Affects emotional regulation, enables reproductive functions

movement (like walking and dancing)

• Cardiac and smooth muscles

enable involuntary movement

(like ovulation and menstruation)

(like heartbeat, digestion, breathing)

• Timing and process of puberty are heavily linked to hormones

• Involved in many sexual and reproductive functions (like orgasm, ejaculation, menstruation, childbirth)

(testosterone, estrogen, progesterone)

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Skeletal System

Integumentary System skin, hair, nails, exocrine glands…

bones, cartilage, joints, tendons, ligaments…

• Physical barrier that protects

• Contributes to movement

• Protects internal organs • The pelvis protects and positions sexual and reproductive organs, allowing for conception, pregnancy, and childbirth

the internal body from the external environment

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• Provides structure for the body

• Hair develops to protect skin and openings (reduces friction, wicks moisture, retains heat)

• Exocrine glands secrete fluids (sweat, saliva, mucous, breast milk)

Lymphatic System

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lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, appendix…

• Regulates the body’s fluid levels

• Excess fluid in cells (lymph) filters through lymph nodes, drains back into the bloodstream

Immune System

white blood cells, mucous membranes, lymph nodes, spleen…

• Repairs damage from injuries, heals the body of illnesses

• Defends the body against harmful pathogens

• WBCs attack and destroy germs, minimizing damage to organs, developing antibodies to prevent future infections

• Produces white blood cells (lymphocytes) that enable

immune response

Urinary System (renal)

Digestive System (excretory)

kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

• Filters toxins out of the

esophagus, stomach, liver, intestines, colon, rectum…

• Breaks down food, absorbs

nutrients to supply the body with energy

bloodstream

• Removes liquid waste (urine)

• UTIs, yeast infections, bacterial STIs can occur through sexual activity, may affect renal and sexual functioning

• Also absorbs water to keep the body hydrated

• Creates, stores, and removes solid waste (feces)

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Reproductive System

Human Bodies

uterus, ovaries, vagina, clitoris, penis, testicles, prostate…

No matter what our body looks like…

• Enables sexual development, pleasure, and reproduction

• Genitals contain nerve endings that contribute to orgasm • Sperm and egg cells allow for the creation of new humans

humans are more SIMILAR than we are different!

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• Hormones from the ovaries or testicles contribute to puberty

What to Expect

• Discussing and labeling diagrams of human pelvic anatomy

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Sexual and Reproductive Systems

(internal & external genitals)

• Using medical terms

• Language is not perfect! • But it makes healthcare more accessible…

Well-Being

Sex Assigned at Birth

Be mindful of yourself and others!

Categorization of a newborn’s sexual and reproductive biology

• Avoid assumptions, hurtful comments, and judgmental reactions

(mostly based on their external genitals)

• Do what you need to feel safe and grounded – remember to breathe!

Some bodies align with the medical definition of “female” or “male”…

…and some bodies are different from these expected patterns

Endosex

Intersex

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Sex Assigned at Birth

Let’s Take a Moment to…

• NO two human bodies look and function

breathe in

exactly the same!

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• There is significant diversity in human anatomy, even among bodies given the same label

• Appreciate and respect human bodies • Our body systems interact and collaborate in incredibly complex ways to maintain our health and body functions

breathe out

Sexual & Reproductive Systems

Sexual Development How do different patterns of anatomy develop in different bodies?

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Sexual Development q Prenatal Development q The Brain and Puberty

Primary sex characteristics develop before birth

Pelvic Anatomy q Internal q External

Secondary sex characteristics develop during puberty

Sexual Development

Prenatal Development

But why do these physical differences occur in humans?

Some of our most significant biological differences are established before we leave the womb…

Sexual reproduction enables

1) Sex determination:

the survival of our species

the body’s “blueprint” for development (genotype)

Sexual pleasure facilitates

emotional regulation and bonding

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Prenatal Development Undifferentiated…

5-6 weeks

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Some of our most significant biological differences are established before we leave the womb…

Anatomy

Prenatal Development

2) Sex differentiation:

the process of developing physical traits (phenotype)

Time (since conception)

Prenatal Development

Anatomy

5-6 weeks

Endosex

Anatomy

Undifferentiated…

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Undifferentiated…

Time (since conception)

Intersex 5-6 weeks

Time (since conception)

Intersex Surgery

Intersex Surgery Why do you think this practice is no longer recommended?

Why do you think surgery on intersex babies is no longer recommended?

• Lack of informed consent • Medically unnecessary • Human rights violation

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The Brain

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The Brain and Puberty

Our brain is the most complex organ in the entire human body! It also regulates our This is where thoughts, social-emotional emotions, language,and and sexual functioning. movement begin...

The Brain

The Brain and Puberty

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The brain receives input through our

five senses...

and sends instructions to our various body systems to react

Signals to the endocrine system increase the production of hormones that cause physical, mental, and emotional puberty changes

There’s over 100 billion connections!

neuron

The Brain and Puberty

The Body and Puberty

Hypothalamus receives information and sends a signal to the pituitary gland

A key puberty change for most people is becoming fertile –

Pituitary gland releases LH and FSH (hormones)

able to get pregnant or get someone else pregnant

LH and FSH flow through

the blood to reach the testicles or ovaries and start puberty changes

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Puberty Changes What are some common changes caused by estrogen and testosterone?

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The Body and Puberty

Puberty is also when we develop

secondary sex characteristics (unrelated to fertility)

Puberty Changes higher levels of

higher levels of

We are constantly growing, learning, and changing throughout our entire lives…

testosterone

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estrogen

The Brain and Puberty

more breast tissue more body and gender-affirming hormone therapy facial hair wider, canmore help to cause or prevent rounded hips physical changes deeper voice certain

The Brain and Plasticity Neuroplasticity means that connections in the brain can strengthen or weaken over time (due to use or lack of use)

Our brain continues to adapt even as adults!

The brain can rewire itself!

neuron

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Pelvic Anatomy

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Pelvic Anatomy

Label each body part as we explore the anatomy diagrams together These are simple drawings of two common ways that human bodies may develop, often called the male body and the female body.

Keep in mind that every human body is unique!

Remember to BREATHE

Sexual & Reproductive Systems Sexual Development ü Prenatal Development ü The Brain and Puberty

Re vie w

breathe in

Pelvic Anatomy q Internal q External

breathe out

Anatomy Terms

Sperm Cells

sperm cells

urethra

testicles

bladder

epididymis

penis

half the information to reproduce (haploid cell)

vas deferens

foreskin

• It’s one of the SMALLEST

seminal vesicles

scrotum

cells in the human body

prostate gland

anus

Cowper’s glands

mons pubis

• Each sperm cell contains

sperm cell

• Roughly 525 billion sperm cells made in a lifetime!

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Sperm Cells

Anatomy Assigned Male We’re going to see anatomy diagrams on the next slide

When do people start and stop making sperm?

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sperm cell

3… 2… 1…

Sperm production begins during puberty and continues for the rest of a person’s life

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Anatomy Assigned Male

testicle

scrotum

testicle

scrotum testicle

Anatomy Assigned Male

vas deferens

epididymis

testicle

epididymis

testicle

scrotum testicle

epididymis scrotum testicle

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Anatomy Assigned Male seminal vesicle

seminal vesicle

vas deferens

epididymis

seminal vesicle

vas deferens

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vas deferens

prostate gland

epididymis

testicle

epididymis

testicle

scrotum testicle

Anatomy Assigned Male

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Anatomy Assigned Male seminal vesicle

prostate gland

seminal vesicle

vas deferens

prostate gland

vas deferens

Besides semen… what two other body fluids come out of the penis?

urethra

epididymis

urethra

1) Semen (sperm cells + seminal fluid) 2) Urine (pee) 3) Pre-ejaculatory fluid (pre-cum)

epididymis

testicle

seminal vesicle

vas deferens prostate gland

scrotum

testicle

epididymis scrotum urethral testicle opening

Anatomy Assigned Male

bladder

seminal vesicle

bladder seminal vesicle

bladder

prostate gland

seminal vesicle

vas deferens

prostate gland

vas deferens

seminal vesicle

vas deferens prostate gland

vas deferens

urethra

epididymis

bladder

prostate gland

urethra epididymis

urethra

urethra penis

testicle

epididymis

penis

scrotum urethral testicle opening

testicle

epididymis foreskin

scrotum urethral testicle opening

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Anatomy Assigned Male

bladder

prostate gland

Cowper’s gland

seminal vesicle

bladder seminal vesicle

vas deferens prostate gland

vas deferens

Cowper’s gland

bladder

prostate gland

urethra

seminal vesicle

vas deferens

O nly

seminal vesicle

prostate gland

urethra

epididymis

urethra penis

penis

epididymis

Cowper’s gland

penis

epididymis

testicle

Cowper’s gland

urethra

foreskin

glans penis

scrotum urethral testicle opening

testicle

epididymis

foreskin

scrotum urethral testicle opening

Anatomy Assigned Male

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bladder

seminal vesicle

Cowper’s gland

External Anatomy

bladder

prostate gland

seminal vesicle

vas deferens

prostate gland

vas deferens

rectum

urethra

epididymis

Cowper’s gland

urethra penis

anus

penis

testicle

epididymis

foreskin

scrotum

urethral testicle opening

Remember to BREATHE

Anatomy Assigned Male

breathe in

breathe out Every human body is unique! Please do not compare your body to these drawings.

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Anatomy Assigned Male

anus

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scrotum

anus

Every human body is unique! Please do not compare your body to these drawings.

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Anatomy Assigned Male

scrotum

scrotum shaft

What is the main function of the scrotum? anus

anus

Every human body is unique! Please do not compare your body to these drawings.

Anatomy Assigned Male

Anatomy Assigned Male mons pubis

foreskin

scrotum

shaft

anus

Every human body is unique! Please do not compare your body to these drawings.

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Anatomy Assigned Male

Genital Diversity

We’re going to see pelvic drawings on the next slide

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3… 2… 1… Every human body is unique! Please do not compare your body to these drawings.

Let’s Take a Moment to…

Sexual & Reproductive Systems Sexual Development ü Prenatal Development ü The Brain and Puberty

Re vie w

breathe in

Pelvic Anatomy q Internal q External

breathe out

Anatomy Terms

Egg Cells

egg cells ovaries Fallopian tubes

vagina vulva hymen

uterus endometrium cervix bladder

inner labia outer labia clitoris anus

urethra

• Each egg cell contains half the information to reproduce (haploid cell)

• It’s one of the LARGEST cells in the human body egg cell (oocyte)

mons pubis

• Roughly 1-2 million egg

cells made in a lifetime!

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Egg Cells

Anatomy Assigned Female We’re going to see anatomy diagrams on the next slide

When do people start and stop releasing eggs?

O nly

3… 2… 1…

Ovulation begins during puberty and continues until menopause

egg cell (oocyte)

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Anatomy Assigned Female

ovary

Fallopian tube

ovary Fallopian tube

ovary

Anatomy Assigned Female

Fallopian tube

ovary

Fallopian tube

uterus

endometrium

ovary

uterus

ovary Fallopian tube

uterus

endometrium

ovary uterus

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Anatomy Assigned Female

ovary

Fallopian tube

ovary

cervix

Fallopian tube

endometrium

uterus

endometrium

cervix

uterus

endometrium cervix

ovary

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uterus

endometrium

ovary

Fallopian tube

vagina

uterus

vagina

Anatomy Assigned Female

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Period Products

Besides period blood…

what two other body fluids come out of the vagina?

Fallopian tube

endometrium cervix

ovary

vagina

uterus

1) Menstrual fluid (endometrium) 2) Vaginal discharge (self cleaning!) 3) Arousal fluid (lubrication)

vaginal opening

100

Anatomy Assigned Female

ovary

Fallopian tube

endometrium

Fallopian tube

uterus

cervix

ovary

uterus

cervix

endometrium

vagina

Fallopian tube

uterus cervix

ovary uterus

endometrium cervix vagina

vagina

vulva

vulva Skene’s gland

Bartholin’s gland vaginal opening

101

ovary

Fallopian tube

endometrium

Bartholin’s gland vaginal opening

102

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Anatomy Assigned Female

endometrium

Fallopian tube

uterus cervix

cervix

ovary

vagina

uterus

vagina

ovary

Fallopian tube

endometrium

Fallopian tube

uterus cervix

endometrium cervix

ovary

O nly

ovary

Fallopian tube

Anatomy Assigned Female

vagina

uterus

vagina

bladder

vulva

bladder urethra

vulva

vaginal opening

103

urethral opening

vaginal opening

104

Anatomy Assigned Female

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Anatomy Assigned Female ovary

Fallopian tube

endometrium

Fallopian tube

uterus

cervix

What is the main function of the clitoris?

endometrium

cervix

ovary

vagina

uterus

vagina

bladder

urethra

vulva

clitoris

urethral opening

endometrium cervix

ovary

vagina

uterus

bladder urethra

clitoris

vaginal opening

105

Fallopian tube

urethral opening

vaginal opening

106

Anatomy Assigned Female ovary

Fallopian tube

endometrium

Fallopian tube

uterus

cervix

External Anatomy

endometrium

rectum

cervix

ovary

vagina

uterus

vagina

bladder urethra

vulva

clitoris

anus

urethral opening

107

vaginal opening

109

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Remember to BREATHE

Anatomy Assigned Female

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breathe in

breathe out

Every human body is unique! Please do not compare your body to these drawings.

110

111

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Anatomy Assigned Female

vaginal opening

anus

Every human body is unique! Please do not compare your body to these drawings.

anus

Every human body is unique! Please do not compare your body to these drawings.

112

113

Anatomy Assigned Female

urethral opening

vaginal opening

anus

Every human body is unique! Please do not compare your body to these drawings.

114

hymen

vaginal opening

anus

Every human body is unique! Please do not compare your body to these drawings.

115

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urethral opening

inner labia

vaginal opening

Anatomy Assigned Female

urethral opening

inner labia

O nly

Anatomy Assigned Female

vaginal opening

outer labia

anus

Every human body is unique! Please do not compare your body to these drawings.

116

Every human body is unique! Please do not compare your body to these drawings.

117

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Anatomy Assigned Female

clitoris

urethral opening

vaginal opening

clitoral hood

clitoris urethral opening

inner labia

vaginal opening

outer labia

anus

Every human body is unique! Please do not compare your body to these drawings.

anus

Every human body is unique! Please do not compare your body to these drawings.

118

119

Anatomy Assigned Female

vulva

mons pubis

clitoral hood

clitoris

urethral opening

vaginal opening

clitoral hood

clitoris urethral opening

inner labia

vaginal opening

outer labia

anus

Every human body is unique! Please do not compare your body to these drawings.

120

anus

Every human body is unique! Please do not compare your body to these drawings.

121

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Anatomy Assigned Female

Genital Diversity

We’re going to see pelvic drawings on the next slide

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3… 2… 1… Every human body is unique! Please do not compare your body to these drawings.

123

124

Let’s Take a Moment to…

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breathe in

Sexual & Reproductive Systems Sexual Development ü Prenatal Development ü The Brain and Puberty Pelvic Anatomy ü Internal ü External

breathe out

125

126

Body Diversity

Every person’s body is unique to them

There may be social pressures for bodies to look a certain way, like having lighter skin, a large butt or penis, being thin, muscular, or curvy…

We all deserve to feel good in the body we have!

These pressures are

misleading and unrealistic

127

128

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Body Diversity

Every person’s body is unique to them

O nly

Every person’s body is unique to them If our body parts aren’t working like they usually do, or if we are experiencing distress related to our body…

It’s up to each person to care for their own body and to decide if, when, and how they want to use their body for

talk with a medical provider.

130

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129

sexual and/or reproductive purposes.

Menstruation Matters

132

133

Menstruation

Menstruation 101

What do you know about periods and the menstrual cycle?

134

When do periods start?

When do periods stop?

menarche

menopause

age 8-16

age 45-55

135

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Menstruation 101

Menstruation 101 What is a “normal” period?

What happens during a period?

• Hormones may cause mood swings, cramps, or other symptoms

136

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The Menstrual Cycle

• A typical menstrual cycle is 24-38 days long and lasts for 2-7 days

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• Blood leaves from the vagina for a few days each month

Source: Clue (2025)

• Irregular periods are common at first • Talk with a medical provider if worried

137

The Menstrual Cycle: Ovaries

Source: Clue (2025)

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The Menstrual Cycle: Uterus

“How Menstruation Works”

Source: Clue (2025)

Source: TED-Ed (2016) by Emma Bryce

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Cycle Tracking

Dealing with Discomfort

• Tracking periods on a calendar or app can help predict timing…but it’s not always accurate – variation is normal!

What can someone do if they experience pain or discomfort from their period?

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• “Fertility awareness method” is not the most reliable birth control on its own

• If using an app, make sure they protect and don’t sell your personal data

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Dealing with Discomfort

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• Stretch or exercise

• Take a warm bath or shower

• Use a heating pad on the abdomen • Eat and drink water regularly • Get plenty of sleep

Dealing with Discomfort • Try natural remedies: herbal or green tea, anti-inflammatory foods, vitamin supplements

• Take pain medication (ask a trusted adult!) • Use hormonal birth control

(talk to a healthcare provider!)

• Prioritize your mental wellness

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145

Movement & Self-Advocacy

Energy and pain levels may change throughout the cycle…

• Think ahead: talk in-person or write a note

Listen to what your

body needs and communicate with your trusted adults:

146

“It’s hard for me to [insert activity] because of my period symptoms. I need to do a lighter activity today.”

• Ask to talk privately or bring a friend • Share only what feels right for you • Consider alternatives like walking vs. running • Bring a note from home or the nurse • Make a plan with your coach or teacher

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“How Periods Impact Athlete Performance”

Common Period Symptoms

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Many people experience premenstrual syndrome or PMS:

Source: ABC News Australia (2023)

148

• Period cramps

• Acne (pimples)

• Mood changes

• Bloating

• Headaches

• Breast soreness

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Irregular Period Symptoms Unusual symptoms

• PMDD (Premenstrual

may be caused by other health issues…

• Bleeding disorder

Period Products

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Dysphoric Disorder)

• Uterine fibroids • Endometriosis

• PMOS (Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome)

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151

Pads

Tampons

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• Stick the pad inside the underwear

• Insert the tampon into the vagina

• Change into a new pad every 2-8 hours

• Change into a new tampon every 2-6 hours

• Throw away used pads in the trash

• Throw away used tampons in the trash

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Reusable Options

Period Products

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What might someone keep in a “period pack?”

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Period Products

What is…?

period poverty

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What might someone keep in a “period pack?”

• Extra pads & tampons

• Unscented body wipes or tissues • Hand sanitizer

• Spare pair of underwear and/or shorts + a plastic bag to store soiled pairs

• Other hygiene & self-care items: deodorant, lip balm, hair ties, etc.

and

menstrual equity

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Period Poverty

Menstrual Equity

equal access

lack of access

to period products and safe places to care for one’s body with dignity

158

to period products, bathrooms, and education about menstrual health

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Menstrual Equity

Menstrual Equity • Provide free period products • Schools in CA are required* to provide free pads & tampons in women’s, all-gender, and (at least one) men’s bathrooms

• Remove sales tax on period products

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What legal and social changes could help improve menstrual equity?

• Switch to reusable options

• Increase education and awareness about menstrual health

Source: AB 367, Menstrual Equity for All Act*

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Menstrual Equity

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Talking openly helps to normalize periods and reduce stigma!

Stages of Human Reproduction

• Share knowledge & resources with friends

• Practice self-advocacy to speak up for your physical & mental health needs • Talk with older family members to learn about their experiences with menstruation & menopause

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163

Elements of a Pregnancy

Pregnancy “Ingredients”

What key “ingredients” are needed to start and grow a pregnancy?

Three things must come together in the process of conception:

egg cell (ovulation)

164

sperm cell (fertilization)

uterus

(implantation)

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Conception

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Conception

Menstruation

Ovulation

most months, the egg cell breaks down and is released, but sometimes…

an egg cell is released from an ovary

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167

Conception

Fertilization

an egg cell joins together with a sperm cell

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Fertilization

This process usually happens in one of the Fallopian tubes

168

169

Reproductive Assistance

Reproductive Assistance IVF

gestational surrogate

combining sperm and egg cells in a petri dish

someone who carries a pregnancy for another person or family

IUI

sperm or egg donor

inserting live sperm cells directly into a uterus

someone who donates their sex cells for other people use

(in vitro fertilization)

Sometimes

fertilization

takes place in other ways...

170

(intrauterine insemination)

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Conception

Once the cell is fertilized, it usually travels down into the uterus…

a fertilized cell attaches to the endometrium

172

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They are now PREGNANT

Implantation

173

Remember to BREATHE

Pregnancy

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breathe in

How might a person know if they are pregnant?

breathe out

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175

Pregnancy

Pregnancy and Prenatal Care

How might a person know if they are pregnant?

What is prenatal care? What should a person do or avoid doing while pregnant?

• Missing their period*

• Feeling nauseous, tired, bloated, etc. (sometimes called “morning sickness”)

• Taking a pregnancy test

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Pregnancy and Prenatal Care Health Recommendations:

Prenatal Development

AVOID:

• Prenatal vitamins

• Drinking alcohol, doing drugs, and inhaling smoke

A full-term pregnancy is about 37-40 weeks

• Regular light exercise

• Certain foods (like raw fish,

(divided into 3 trimesters)

(stretching, walks)

• Healthy, balanced diet and staying hydrated (cravings are common – talk with a medical provider!)

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(including vape)

(w/ folic acid)

unpasteurized cheeses, caffeine) and medications (like some antibiotics and acne treatments)

Let’s learn a bit about what happens during each trimester…

• Intense physical activities

(like rollercoasters, contact sports, heavy lifting)

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179

Prenatal Development

End of 1st Trimester

End of month 1: • Embryo is ¼ inch in length • About the size of a poppy seed • Heart, digestive system, backbone, and spinal cord are starting to form

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1st Trimester

Prenatal Development 1st Trimester

End of month 2: • Embryo is 1¼ inches long • About the size of a kidney bean • Eyes, nose, lips, ears, and teeth are forming • Sex development begins

End of month 2: • Embryo is 1¼ inches long • About the size of a kidney bean • Eyes, nose, lips, ears, and teeth are forming • Sex developm ent begins

End of month 3: • Fetus is 1 ½ to 3 inches long • About the size of a ping pong ball • Arms, hands, fingers, legs, feet, and toes are forming

3 months

End of 1st Trimester

End of month 1: • Embryo is ¼ inch in length • About the size of a poppy seed • Heart, digestive system, backbone, and spinal cord are starting to form

End of month 3: • Fetus is 1 ½ to 3 inches long • About the size of a ping pong ball • Arms, hands, fingers, legs, feet, and toes are forming

3 months

37 – 40 weeks

3 months

37 – 40 weeks

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181

Prenatal Development

1st Trimester

End of month 1: • Embryo is ¼ inch in length • About the size of a poppy seed • Heart, digestive system, backbone, and spinal cord are starting to form

End of 1st Trimester

2nd Trimester

End of month 2: • Embryo is 1¼ inches long • About the size of a kidney bean • Eyes, nose, lips, ears, and teeth are forming • Sex development begins

3 months

End of month 6: • Fetus is 11 to 14 inches long • Eyes can open for short periods of time • Fetus can hiccup

3 months

37 – 40 weeks

182

End of 2nd Trimester

End of month 5: • Fetus is 8-10 inches long • Hair, eyelashes, and eyebrows begin to appear • Pregnant person can feel fetal movement

End of month 3: • Fetus is 1 ½ to 3 inches long • About the size of a ping pong ball • Arms, hands, fingers, legs, feet, and toes are forming

3 months

End of month 4: • Fetus is 6 ½ to 7 inches long • About the size of an avocado • Fetus is developing reflexes, such as sucking and swallowing

3 months

37 – 40 weeks

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Prenatal Development End of 3rd Trimester

End of month 7: • Fetus is 14 to 16 inches long • Organs are maturing • If born now, fetus is considered a premature baby and will require special care End of month 8: • Fetus is 16 ½ to 18 inches long • Tremendous brain growth • Most organs (except the lungs) are fully developed

End of month 9: • Fetus is 19 to 20 inches long • Lungs are mature • Baby is now fully developed

Approximately 10 months: • Brain and lungs continuing to mature • Uterine contractions lead to labor • Baby leaves the uterus through the vagina or via C-section

3 months

37 – 40 weeks

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Every experience giving birth is different!

vaginal birth

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3rd Trimester

The Birth Process

C-section (Cesarean)

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The Vaginal Birth Process

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1) Contractions of the uterus and ab muscles

The Vaginal Birth Process 1) Contractions 2) Cervix dilates 10 centimeters

~4 inches

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187

The Vaginal Birth Process

The Vaginal Birth Process We are going to see a vaginal birth diagram…

1) Contractions

2) Cervix dilates

3) Push out baby and placenta

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Cesarean Birth Process

If vaginal birth is not safe or not possible…

190

– epidural or spinal block

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A Cesarean-section (C-section) may be performed

1) Anesthesia

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Cesarean Birth Process

Cesarean Birth Process 1) Anesthesia

2) Two incisions

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1) Anesthesia

– first skin/muscle, then into uterus

3) Surgeon removes baby and placenta

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Family Diversity

Stages of Reproduction

Remember, there are

LOTS of ways to form a family…

1) As a group, organize the Fun Facts into the correct stages of pregnancy 2) Use the Fetal Development handout to review information as needed 3) First group to correctly order all fun facts wins!

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Lesson 2 Wrap-Up

Looking Forward

Let’s Review!

• Reflect on personal identities

See how many push-ups you can do in 1 minute

Identities

• Describe the path of an egg cell as it leaves the body (during menstruation)

• Discuss intersectionality (including how it relates to privilege and oppression)

• What is “sex assigned at birth”?

• Explore the components of gender and attraction

Read for pleasure Cook something for your family (try a new recipe!)

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Self-Care Ideas:

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• Describe the path of a sperm cell as it leaves the body (during ejaculation)

Next class…

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Welcome Question

Lesson 3: Identities

What are some of your favorite hobbies?

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Welcome to Teen Talk

Group Norms

Calming Strategies

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1. Respect

me sip soter a w

2. Communication

p ut y h ea d our dow n

dle doo w d r ra o

breathe in

3. Curiosity

5-4-3 -2 meth -1 od

breathe out

4. Privacy

5. Well-being

Agenda

Welcome Question What are some of your favorite hobbies?

ü Opening Routine q Intro to Identity

q Identity Iceberg

• Our hobbies can become part of our identity…

q Gender & Sexual

Identities

• Some of us may be artists, athletes, actors, musicians, chefs, scientists, gamers, etc.

q Closing Routine

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Intro to Identity

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identity

an inner sense of belonging to a particular group based on shared traits, beliefs, or experiences

Intro to Identity

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Our unique identities shape our values, decisions, and experiences related to sex, relationships, healthcare.

Identity Iceberg

Social Identities

body height skin color visible clothing size hair color jewelry eye color makeup race may be gender age relationship language assumed class status disability hairstyle

sexual orientation hobbies talents

religion

sense of humor

career

not visible

personal values

Gender Identity

Race & Ethnicity

Physical

Education

Appearance

ethnicity

nationality

family role

future goals

health

Sex Assigned at Birth

Age

education political views

Skin Color

Wealth Ability

Sexual

Orientation

skills

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Identities and Experiences

Privilege

Discrimination

social advantages or opportunities distributed unequally based on historical power

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the unfair treatment of a person or group based on bias towards their identity

Identities and Experiences Sex Assigned at Birth

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Gender

Race & Ethnicity

Appearance

Age

Skin Color

Sex Assigned at Birth

Identity

Physical

Education

Identities and Experiences

Education

Wealth

Ability

Gender Identity

Appearance

Age Skin Color

Sexual

Orientation

Race & Ethnicity

Physical

Wealth Ability

Sexual

Orientation

Identities and Experiences

Microaggressions

How could you respond if you witness a microaggression?

subtle everyday interactions (intentional or unintentional)

that communicate bias

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Identities and Experiences

How could you respond if you witness a microaggression?

Systems of Oppression

institutions that reinforce and perpetuate

historical power imbalances:

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• Call it out immediately – speak up in the moment (if you feel safe) and point out that it’s not OK

• Legal system • Education system

• Bring it up later – talk with them privately to explain why their comment or behavior was harmful

• Healthcare system

• Let it go – focus your attention on those impacted

• and others…

(check in and offer support to the person who was targeted)

Identities and Experiences

Identities and Experiences Our social identities interact and overlap to form a unique experience of privilege and oppression…

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Systems of Oppression social structures that directly impact

health and quality of life…

Health Disparities:

preventable differences in health outcomes that stem from broader inequities

This is called

INTERSECTIONALITY – Dr. Kimberlé Crenshaw

Let’s Take a Moment to…

Let’s Dive In!

breathe in

breathe out

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Language Note • The use of language here is deliberate, • For example, sometimes people use “female” or “male” to refer to their gender identity

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Gender and Sexual Identities

but other people may use language differently

• This presentation does not include every gender and sexual identity • Feel free to ask questions or share what you know about these or other identities

What is Gender?

Components of Gender

system of categorizing people…

gender

Source: Adapted from the “Gender Triangle” created by GLSEN and InterACT

n sio es pr ex

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…defined differently in various cultures and historical periods.

at trib uti on

A human-made

(socially constructed)

gender identity body

Source: Adapted from the “Gender Triangle” created by GLSEN and InterACT

What is Gender Identity?

Gender Identity

Not determined by someone’s genitals, appearance, or attraction...

A deeply held sense of belonging

What are some gender identities you know of?

or connection with other people in their gender category.

gender identity

How someone sees themself on the inside Source: Adapted from the “Gender Triangle” created by GLSEN and InterACT

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Gender Identity • Woman or girl

Binary Systems gender

woman

binary

yes

man In many cases, these are

OR FALSE

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• Man or boy

What are some other examples of binaries? 32

win

dichotomies

unhealthy

no lose healthy

Binary Systems & Identities man

male

female

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woman

Many identity categories are also

straight FALSE Black

dichotomies

Intersectionality

Remember…

we are always more than one thing! We can also have

gay

multiple identities

within the same category, such as race or gender.

white

Gender Identity

Third-Gender Categories

• Woman or girl • Man or boy

gender

Nonbinary & third-gender identities have existed throughout history in many different cultures:

binary

• Nonbinary

• Genderfluid, bigender, pangender • Gender-neutral, genderless, agender • Genderqueer, gender nonconforming, gender-expansive, gender-diverse

India

Indonesia

Native North America

Pakistan

Thailand

Native Hawaii

Egypt

Philippines

Mexico

Oman

Samoa

Madagascar

Siberia

Japan

Source: Rachel Souerbry via Ranker (2020)

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Gender Attribution

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n sio es pr ex

att rib uti on

Māhū (Native Hawaiian)

gender identity body

Source: Adapted from the “Gender Triangle” created by GLSEN and InterACT

Source: PBS documentary “A Place in the Middle” (2015)

Gender Attribution

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It’s a

Not only is sex assigned at birth but gender is also attributed

boy

girl

(given or assumed)

Both labels are usually based on a person’s external genitals We are going to see genitals on the next slide…

Cisgender

Transgender

I’m a

girl

attribution aligns with identity

I’m a

boy

attribution does not align with identity

I’m a

girl

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Language Note

Pronouns

cisgender

transgender

describes anyone who identifies with the gender they were attributed at birth

describes binary trans people

Every person wants to be called by the pronouns that fit best: she/her

he/him

they/them

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(trans men & women)

as well as nonbinary people

...and more…

These are both adjectives used to describe the relationship between a person’s sex and their gender.

It’s usually based on gender identity (not their body parts or our assumptions)

Pronouns

Tips for Respectful Interactions

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Every person wants to be called by the pronouns that fit best: she/her

he/him

they/them

...and more…

Unsure? Ask respectfully!

Create safe & inclusive spaces: 1. Display pronouns

in accessible ways

If we make a mistake… 1. Apologize

without getting defensive or drawing unnecessary attention to the mistake

like on social media profiles, email signatures, name tags, etc.

2. Introduce yourself using your name and pronouns, inviting others to follow without putting anyone on the spot

2. Move forward

Gender Expression

Gender Expression How do you like to express yourself?

on ssi pre ex

at trib uti on

using their correct name and pronouns & commit to doing better

(appearance, interests, behaviors, etc.)

gender identity body

Source: Adapted from the “Gender Triangle” created by GLSEN and InterACT

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Gender Expression

Expectations about how people

“should” look and act based on their gender

They are also

culturally specific and shift over time

are often rooted in stereotypes…

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are often rooted in stereotypes… Assumptions

However, we cannot assume anyone’s gender identity, sex assigned at birth, or sexual orientation using stereotypes.

made about groups of people that do not apply to every member

Gender Expression

feminine (womanly, girly)

masculine (manly, boyish)

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feminine (womanly, girly)

androgynous (both, neither, mixture)

What does it look like to be “masculine” or “feminine” in our (school) community?

Gender Expression

feminine (womanly, girly)

masculine (manly, boyish)

What might happen when someone looks, dresses, or acts in a way that is different than what society expects?

androgynous (both, neither, mixture)

gender nonconforming any gender expression that does not align with society’s norms or expectations

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Gender Expression

Gender Dysphoria Tension between a person’s

What might happen when someone looks, dresses, or acts in a way that is different than what society expects?

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gender identity and their attribution, expression, or body can create feelings of

dysphoria…

We all just want to be ourselves!

Gender Dysphoria

Gender Euphoria

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An intense discomfort related to:

Alignment

• Disconnect between one’s body and identity

of the components of gender can create feelings of

• Distress about certain body parts or desire for different body parts • Being unable to express oneself in a way that feels comfortable or affirming

euphoria!

• False gender attribution or being misgendered Intentionally misgendering someone is sexual harassment

Transitioning

Body at trib uti on

• Social – changing pronouns,

n sio es pr ex

Some trans and nonbinary people pursue various aspects of transition:

• Legal – updating official docs

gender identity

• Medical – hormones, surgery

body

name, expression

Source: Adapted from the “Gender Triangle” created by GLSEN and InterACT

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Body

Body & Medical Transition Gender-affirming hormone therapy Gender is attributed not just by the genitals… also by secondary sex characteristics that develop during puberty

• hormones (estrogen or testosterone) • “blockers” (antiandrogen or antiestrogen)

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• “puberty blockers” (to pause the development of secondary sex characteristics)

Gender-affirming surgeries • “top surgery” (changes to the chest) • “bottom surgery” (changes to the genitals)

Body & Medical Transition

Gender

• Access • Cost

at trib uti on

n sio es pr ex

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Why might some trans and nonbinary people choose not to medically transition?

gender identity

• Safety • Don’t want to

body Source: Adapted from the “Gender Triangle” created by GLSEN and InterACT

Attraction Feelings of interest, intimacy, or desire

towards other people mostly caused by

chemical reactions in the brain…

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Neuroscience of Attraction

Types of Attraction

The brain receives sensations (sight, sound, smell, physical touch)

l xua

intellectual

se action

The hypothalamus releases neurotransmitters & hormones:

attraction

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r att

pla

att tonic rac tion

• Dopamine – the feel-good

hormone linked to feeling happy, giddy, and energetic

aes t h e

• Oxytocin – the love hormone linked to trust and attachment

tic

attracti on

romantic attraction

Types of Attraction

Sexual Orientation

pla

att tonic rac tion

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u sexaction r att

intellectual attraction

aes t h e

tic

attracti on

l ua n x e s actio att

romantic

attraction

Attraction

Fun Fact!

romantic attraction

What determines someone’s patterns of attraction?

Genetics? Hormones? Environment?

Over 1,500 different animal species around the world exhibit same-sex sexual behavior or co-parenting.

There has been limited research, so we don’t know yet…

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Attraction

What we DO know is…

Sexual orientation is not a choice.

What determines someone’s patterns of attraction? Conversion therapy?

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How someone is raised?

The words we use and how we act upon our feelings is our choice... but our innate sense of attraction is not something we can decide or control.

These do not change a person’s natural attractions.

Behavior ≠ Identity

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Sexual orientation is not a choice.

Sexual Orientation gay

Some people may live a life that does not reflect their full identity,

but their feelings don’t change.

pansexual

lesbian

l ua n x e s tio

aromantic

att

rac

bisexual

queer

romantic attraction

straight

Identity is a Journey

Appreciating Identities

asexual

What can we do to feel good about our identities and ourselves?

Most people go through a gradual process of figuring out who they are and how they identify, which may or may not involve “coming out” to others…

Think about how our identities makes us feel seen and __connected with others Surround ourselves with people who validate and __respect our identities and experiences Volunteer in our community and advocate for others

Also, language is constantly evolving!

Reach out to our community for support, connection, __celebration, relaxation, etc.

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Appreciating Identities

Final Thoughts

Connection and community honors who we are and helps us become stronger

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How can we contribute to a safe and supportive community for all people?

It can also help us overcome difficulty and stress…

Final Thoughts listen openly

notice feeling defensive use inclusive language

Let’s Review!

don’t judge

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always be kind

Lesson 3 Wrap-Up

RESPECT

• Why is it important to think about intersectionality?

don’t assume

use everyone’s correct pronouns

• What is the difference between gender identity, expression, and attribution?

don’t label others

• How can we make our school a safer place for all?

Looking Forward Next class…

Consent & Intimacy • Explore affirmative consent, boundaries, and sexual agency in decision-making

• Discuss different forms of intimacy (including types of sex) and potential outcomes from each behavior

Self-Care Ideas: FaceTime a friend Choreograph a dance to your favorite song

Organize something Take a bubble bath

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Welcome Question

Why is consent important?

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Welcome to Teen Talk

Lesson 4: Consent & Intimacy

Group Norms

Calming Strategies

Re vie w

1. Respect

me sip soter a w

2. Communication

p ut y h ea d our dow n

dle doo w d r ra o

breathe in

3. Curiosity

5-4-3 -2 meth -1 od

breathe out

4. Privacy

5. Well-being

Agenda

Welcome Question Why is consent important?

ü Opening Routine

q Intro to Sexual Agency

• ALL interactions can be safer and more respectful

q Components of Sexual Consent

•

q Consent in Practice

• This is an opportunity to recognize personal boundaries

q Intimate Behaviors

•

q Closing Routine

We practice consent every day – it’s simply asking for permission and respecting the answer

It requires being aware of body language, tone, emotions, etc.

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Intro to Sexual Agency

sexual agency

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sexual agency

means that each person has the autonomy to decide who gets access to their body, when, and how

Intro to Sexual Agency

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Our brain and body systems alert us when we are not feeling comfortable and help us to understand our boundaries.

Intro to Sexual Agency

Pressure to be compliant or to “go with the flow” can affect our sense of autonomy in sexual decision-making…

Boundaries

Establishing a clear values system allows us to weigh our decisions and figure out whether a choice feels right.

What is a boundary?

This process can take time!

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Boundaries

Boundaries A personal boundary is a s p a c e between our needs and the needs of other people.

What is a boundary? A limit, rule, or preference defining what is or is not

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They can be visible or invisible!

We have to think about our boundaries before we can communicate them!

acceptable

Boundaries

Consent

What are some nonsexual situations when we practice consent?

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This is what CONSENT is all about!

Legal Consent

Components of Sexual Consent

What is the legal age of sexual consent in California?

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Legal Consent

Affirmative Consent

Everyone involved is 18 or older

“Only yes means yes” ‘

Everyone involved is sober

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(in CA)

This means sexual contact cannot even begin until everyone involved understands what is going to happen and voluntarily agrees.

(not drunk or high)

Everyone involved clearly agrees (“Yes!”)

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Why Affirmative Consent?

Why Affirmative Consent? Why do you think we shifted to an affirmative consent standard?

Why do you think we shifted to an affirmative consent standard? (instead of going by “no means no”)

(instead of going by “no means no”)

It shifts responsibility from one partner to say “no” onto everyone to ensure they get a clear “yes!”

Why Affirmative Consent?

Brain-Body Connection The brain receives information about our surroundings...

Affirmative consent is crucial because of how the brain and body communicate!

and sends messages to the rest of the body (through the nervous system)

about how to react.

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Brain-Body Connection

Brain-Body Connection Sometimes…

When the brain senses uncertainty or danger:

These are automatic

survival mechanisms that have evolved in all mammals to help us stay safe:

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• Our body may tense up • Heart starts beating faster

• Breathing feels shallow and fast • Our brain tells the body to be ready to escape or defend itself

“fight–flight–freeze” 26

• Can be difficult to follow instructions or answer simple questions

Brain-Body Connection

Brain-Body Connection The freeze response is especially common when someone:

And other times…

Re vie w

When the brain senses uncertainty or danger: • Our body may tense up • Heart beats super slow

• Experiences sexual contact that they don’t want

• May naturally hold our breath • Our brain tells the body to be ready to shut down or freeze

• Feels that they can’t or shouldn’t say “no” in a situation

• Can be difficult to respond or remember things

• Encounters something (or someone) that could easily overpower them

Brain-Body Connection

Remember:

A person’s genitals might automatically respond to sexual contact, even if they don’t want it or find it uncomfortable…

Silence is not consent.

How someone’s body is behaving does not always indicate what they feel or want…

we can never interpret someone’s physical responses alone as consent.

This is called

arousal nonconcordance

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Why Affirmative Consent?

How to ACCEPT Consent:

Affirmative consent

A – Active C – a Choice C – Continual E – based on Equal Power P – Precise T – Transparent

gives us agency and helps ensure that our

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response is not misunderstood!

What Does Consent Sound Like?

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Active: There are many different ways to say “yes!”

Consent in Practice

Hey, would you want to go on a date with me this weekend?

I’d love to!

What Does Consent Sound Like?

a Choice: Offering an alternative option can reduce

Continual: Checking in helps us stay aware of shifting

pressure and give space to say “no.”

Do you want to make out?

I would rather watch a movie tonight.

Or we could watch a movie?

comfort levels and boundaries. People may change their mind – and that’s OK!

How are you feeling? Do you want to keep hanging out?

Yeah, thanks for checking! I just need to be home for dinner in like an hour.

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What Does Consent Sound Like? based on

It’s never OK to take advantage of someone

Equal Power: in a vulnerable position – everyone must

What Does Consent Sound Like? Precise: A person should be clear about what they are asking someone to consent to.

be safe, sober, and able to consent. Yeah, I’ve had a few drinks…

I want to wait until we’re both sober. I would love to do something next week!

So…are you down to hook up?

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Have you been drinking tonight?

What Does Consent Sound Like?

Precise: Vague phrases like “hook up” can be confusing…

Precise: Making a specific suggestion gives someone

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What Does Consent Sound Like?

NOT specific enough!

a chance to think about their boundaries.

?? ?

So…how do you feel about me giving you a hickey? Oooh OK! As long as it’s in a place I can cover up.

What Does Consent Sound Like?

Transparent: Partners should have honest conversations

Transparent: Including relationship status, being exclusive,

about STI history, birth control usage, etc.

When were you last tested for STIs?

or if the relationship will change.

I was wondering… do you want us to be exclusive?

Last month! Here are my test results.

I have been thinking the same thing!

A A

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The ACCEPT Model

Notice that consent conversations don’t have to be formal… Ask in a way that feels natural, like any other question:

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A – Active C – a Choice C – Continual E – based on Equal Power P – Precise T – Transparent

Consent in Practice

Are you down to make out?

I really want to kiss you right now…

It may also sound like a statement (and waiting for a response)

Consent in Practice

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…and communication is not only verbal!

Consent in Practice Partners can also negotiate respectfully to get to a compromise that feels good for everyone.

A person can look for cues based on their partner’s: • • • •

Should we go all the way tonight? I have a condom.

Words (or silence) Tone Facial expressions Body language

I’m actually not really comfortable going any further, can we stop?

Of course! Do you want to go get some food instead?

Consent and Intimacy

Practicing ACCEPT helps partners decide what kinds of intimacy they both want to engage in without pushing anyone’s boundaries.

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Intimate Behaviors

Why do some teens choose to have sex and some choose to wait?

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Intimate Behaviors

closer to another person – or to themself.

E-

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Intimacy is behavior that brings someone

Why do some teens choose to have sex and some choose to wait?

This can include (but is not limited to)

• Emotions • Personal values • Health

sexual behaviors…

• Influence or pressure

Remember to BREATHE

Intimate Behaviors solo

sexual

breathe out

partnered

nonsexual

breathe in

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Intimate Behaviors

meditation journaling

nonsexual

exercise making art

self-care

self-massage

cuddling

going on dates

exercise

meditation

holding hands

making art

journaling

compliments

texting giving gifts

Intimate Behaviors

self-massage

cuddling

exercise

meditation

holding hands

going on dates

making art

journaling

compliments

fantasizing

masturbation

texting

giving gifts

sexual

nonsexual sexual

self-care

solo nonsexual

partnered

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solo

thinking about boundaries

reading or watching videos for sex education

self-massage

cuddling

exercise

meditation

holding hands

making art

journaling

compliments

giving gifts

fantasizing

sexual touching

masturbation

oral sex anal sex

reading or watching videos for sex education

vaginal sex

Intimate Behaviors

Sexual Intimacy

nonsexual sexual

partnered

self-care

self-massage

cuddling

exercise

meditation

holding hands

making art

journaling

compliments

giving gifts

fantasizing

masturbation

oral sex

sexual touching

thinking about boundaries

anal sex vaginal sex

texting

sexting

How many high school students in the U.S.

going on dates

reading or watching videos for sex education

going on dates

thinking about boundaries

solo

partnered

self-care

partnered

sexual

self-massage

solo

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self-care

partnered

sexual

nonsexual

solo

Intimate Behaviors

texting

have had sex?

sexting

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Sexual Intimacy

Language Note

How many high school students in the U.S. have had sex?

Whether or not a person considers themself to have had sex (or to be a “virgin”)

depends on their definition of “sex”

(68% have not had sex)

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Less than half!

There is NO universal definition – it’s usually based on personal values, identities, and boundaries.

In the U.S., about 1 in 3 teens have had sex

Types of Sexual Contact genital-togenital contact

oral sex

anal sex

What should a person consider before becoming sexual with a partner?

vaginal sex

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hand-to-genital contact

Considerations

Teen Talk includes these five types of partnered sexual intimacy in the definition of “sex” because of their possibility for certain health outcomes…

• STI status

• Legality

• Pregnancy prevention

• Values

(if applicable)

• Consent

Possible Health Outcomes

Possible Health Outcomes Type of Contact

Can someone get an STI?

hand-to-genital contact

unlikely

genital-to-genital contact

oral sex

YES YES

anal sex

vaginal sex

Type of Contact

Can someone get an STI?

Can someone get pregnant?

YES YES

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Pregnancy “Ingredients”

Possible Health Outcomes Type of Contact

Can someone get an STI?

Can someone get pregnant?

hand-to-genital contact

unlikely

genital-to-genital contact

YES YES

unlikely

YES YES

unlikely

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Three things must come together in the process of conception:

oral sex

anal sex

egg cell

sperm cell

(ovulation)

(fertilization)

uterus

vaginal sex

(implantation)

YES

Possible Health Outcomes Can someone get an STI?

Can someone get pregnant?

hand-to-genital contact

unlikely

genital-to-genital contact

YES YES

unlikely

YES YES

unlikely

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Type of Contact

oral sex

anal sex

vaginal sex

Prevention

What is the most effective way for a person to avoid STIs and/or unintended pregnancy?

YES

Prevention

Final Thoughts Partners should discuss values and boundaries –

What is the most effective way for a person to avoid STIs and/or unintended pregnancy?

including what they consider to be “sex” – before engaging in any sexual behaviors…

Healthy intimacy comes down to

respecting each other

NOT having sex

– being someone who asks, listens, and cares about consent.

(aka abstinence)

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Lesson 4 Wrap-Up

Looking Forward Next class…

Let’s Review!

Birth Control

• What is sexual agency and why is it important? • What does the ACCEPT model stand for?

(beyond pregnancy prevention)

• Explore FDA-approved birth control methods through a lab-style group activity and scenarios

• What are some intimate behaviors that pose fewer risks?

List your favorite [foods, books, etc.] Host a game night Color in a coloring book

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Go for a nature hike

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• Discuss reasons why people may use contraception

Self-Care Ideas:

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Welcome Question

Lesson 5: Birth Control

Why might someone use birth control for reasons other than preventing pregnancy?

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Welcome to Teen Talk

Group Norms

Calming Strategies

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1. Respect

me sip soter a w

2. Communication

p ut y h ea d our dow n

breathe in

3. Curiosity

dle doo w d r ra o

5-4-3 -2 meth -1 od

breathe out

4. Privacy

5. Well-being

Agenda

What is Birth Control?

ü Opening Routine

Methods of preventing a pregnancy

q Intro to Alternative Uses for Contraception q Birth Control Stations

Also known as

q It Depends on the Situation (scenarios)

“contraceptives” (preventing conception)

q Closing Routine

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Language Note

Welcome Question Why might someone use birth control for reasons other than preventing pregnancy?

These terms are interchangeable, but people may have a preference based on their intentions or context.

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• STI prevention

• Period symptoms

There are many different reasons beyond pregnancy prevention that someone may use contraception…

• Menstrual suppression • Gender alignment

Birth Control Brainstorm

Birth Control Methods Hormonal

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List all of the

birth control methods

pregnancy “ingredients”

you can think of in 1 minute!

Birth Control Methods

egg cell (ovulation)

sperm cell (fertilization)

uterus

(implantation)

Birth Control Methods

Hormonal

Non-Hormonal

Hormonal

Non-Hormonal

medications taken to prevent pregnancy

things a person can use, wear, or do to prevent pregnancy

pill patch ring shot implant hormonal IUD *EC pill (after sex)

NOT having sex condoms copper IUD *cervical barriers *contraceptive gels *withdrawal (“pull-out”) *sterilization (age 21 or older) *fertility awareness

egg cell (ovulation)

Non-Hormonal

uterus

(implantation)

sperm cell (fertilization)

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Typical Menstrual Cycle

Using Hormonal Birth Control hormonal birth control

menstruation (period) estrogen

progesterone

Hormone levels

ovulation (egg released from ovary)

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Hormone levels

(prevents ovulation) (may also affect periods)

menstruation (period)

estrogen

Time (1 month)

progesterone

Time (1 month)

Birth Control Stations

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Lab Instructions:

Birth Control Stations

• Work in groups to learn about each birth control method and complete the worksheet • Materials stay at their station (be careful and respectful!) • Rotate from station #1 à #10 when the timer sounds • 3 minutes @ each station

Birth Control Review

Birth Control Review If partners are choosing to have sex and pregnancy is possible…

What is the most effective way to prevent pregnancy? Abstinence!

Not having sex is the ONLY method that is 100% effective at preventing pregnancy!

combine one barrier AND one hormonal method for even better protection!

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Barrier Methods

Hormonal Methods Effectiveness

internal condom 79 – 95% effective

ü Use one at a time ü Available for FREE at

91% effective

over 99% effective!

local health clinics

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ü NO age restriction (external)

condom 82 – 98% effective

Hormonal Methods

Effectiveness

over 99% effective!

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91% effective

Effectiveness

91% effective

over 99% effective!

non-hormonal

(made with copper)

IUD

IntraUterine Device

implant

Hormonal Methods

Effectiveness

91% effective

over 99% effective!

LARCs = Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives

Effectiveness

91% effective

Depo

shot

IUD

implant

over 99% effective!

IUD

implant

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Hormonal Methods

Hormonal Methods Effectiveness

91% effective

over 99% effective!

Effectiveness

91% effective

ring

vaginal

Depo shot

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Depo shot

over 99% effective!

IUD

ring

IUD

patch

implant

Hormonal Methods

Effectiveness

over 99% effective!

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91% effective

pill

ring

Effectiveness

91% effective

pill

Depo shot

ring

over 99% effective!

Depo shot

IUD

patch

implant

Hormonal Methods

Hormonal Methods …do NOT help prevent STIs!

…are available for FREE at most health clinics

...can help:

…require a prescription or appointment with a medical provider

ü Regulate the menstrual cycle ü Suppress menstruation (skip periods) ü Relieve heavy periods & menstrual cramps ü Reduce hormonal-related acne & migraines

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#PeriodsOptional

Birth Control Review

Some people struggle with heavy bleeding, painful cramps, irregular cycles, or gender dysphoria related to their period…

Which methods allow the user to skip their period (“on demand”) if they choose to?

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Only for 12 consecutive weeks

The pill, patch, and ring give users more CONTROL over their cycle! These methods can be used to regulate or skip periods

Everyone’s body is different – talk with a medical provider if you are curious to learn more!

Emergency Contraception

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Birth Control Review

Which methods can be used AFTER sex to prevent pregnancy? (like if a condom breaks)

hormonal

non-hormonal

EC pill

copper IUD

75 – 89% effective

over 99% effective

ü Available to buy over-the-counter or FREE at local health clinics (NO age or gender restrictions)

ü Take ASAP (within 3 or 5 days) after unprotected sex

ü Not designed for ongoing use

ü Must be inserted by a medical provider within 5 days after unprotected sex

ü Can also work as

long-term birth control for 3-10+ years

Non-Hormonal Methods

Contraceptive gels: → spermicide → Phexxi (Rx)

Cervical barriers: → diaphragm (Rx) → cervical cap (Rx) → sponge

Don’t combine with the hormonal vaginal ring!

The withdrawal method (also called “pulling out”)

ü Insert into

ü Requires removing the

the vagina before sex

penis from the vagina or anus before ejaculating

ü NO hormones

(releasing semen)

ü Does NOT

ü About 78% effective…

prevent STIs

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Non-Hormonal Methods

The withdrawal method

(also called “pulling out”)

→ Some sperm may be released

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Why is this method less effective than most others?

with pre-ejaculatory fluid

→ Timing can be a challenge → Does NOT prevent STIs

Birth Control Review

The other partner can: • Wear a condom

• Remind partner to take or change their method on time

• Accompany partner to their appointments • Pick up prescriptions

Reproductive coercion is not OK.

How can partners share responsibility for pregnancy prevention?

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One partner can use a hormonal or nonhormonal method (e.g., pill or IUD)

Birth Control Review Everyone has the right to keep their sexual health information and medical records private…

Which methods are considered “partner independent”?

Accessing Services

What can make it challenging for a young person to access contraception?

Examples:

• • • • • •

Time Transportation Language barrier Previous experiences Feeling judged Fear

Things that can help someone feel more comfortable going to a clinic: ü Knowing your rights ü Choosing your provider

→ Local and youth-friendly → Accepts Family PACT → Provides inclusive medical care

ü Preparing for your visit → Connect with your support system → Write down questions/concerns beforehand

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Lesson 5 Wrap-Up

Looking Forward

Let’s Review!

Pregnancy Options • Discuss the four safe & legal pregnancy options in CA

• How can partners share responsibility for preventing unintended pregnancy? • Why else might a person use contraception?

Make up a new game or sport with a friend or sibling

(abortion, adoption, parenting, and Safe Surrender)

Have a spa night

• Use scenarios to consider why people may or may not choose each option

Send someone you love a card or care package

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Self-Care Ideas:

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• Which types of birth control can be combined for more effective protection?

Next class…

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Welcome Question How does a person know if they want to become a parent?

O nly

Welcome to Teen Talk

Lesson 6: Pregnancy Options

(now or in the future)

Group Norms

Calming Strategies

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1. Respect

me sip soter a w

2. Communication

p ut y h ea d our dow n

dle doo w d r ra o

breathe in

3. Curiosity

5-4-3 -2 meth -1 od

breathe out

4. Privacy

5. Well-being

Agenda

Welcome Question

ü Opening Routine

How does a person know if they want to become a parent? (now or in the future)

q Intro to Repro Justice q Pregnancy Options

It’s important to consider:

Flowchart

• Values & goals – not everyone wants to be a parent, and those who do may have very different timelines

q Exploring Their Options

• Support & resources – trusted adults and mental health professionals can help with pregnancy decision-making

(scenarios)

• Decisions can be complicated! – even if a person

q Closing Routine

knows what they want, it can still bring up difficult emotions

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Intro to Repro Justice

reproductive justice

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reproductive justice

the human right to decide if and when one has a child, including the right to raise that child in a safe and healthy community

Intro to Repro Justice

A Bit of U.S. History

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Historically, reproductive rights have been limited…

Laws that restrict decision-making around pregnancy options have especially significant impacts on people of color and those with lower incomes.

A Bit of U.S. History

Roughly 20,000 forced sterilizations in California prisons and hospitals largely targeted Mexican immigrants

American researchers conducted the first large-scale human trial of the birth control pill in Puerto Rico in 1955

Young Black women were often pressured into using long-term contraceptives, like the first implant in the 90s

At least 1 in 4 American Indian women were coercively sterilized in the 1970s – a modern form of genocide

Medical violence

• Forced and coercive sterilization of people of color and people with disabilities

undeniably prevalent

• Unethical medical trials and unnecessary medical procedures on systemically oppressed communities

against disenfranchised populations – primarily women of color – is

in American history, largely stemming from the

eugenics movement in the early 1900s…

Intro to Repro Identity

reproductive identity a person’s instincts and thoughts about if, when, and how they want to have children

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Intro to Repro Identity Due to shifting values, goals, and circumstances,

views on pregnancy and parenting may or may not change over time…

O nly

Some folks might choose to:

Pregnancy Options

• Become a parent (via pregnancy, adoption, or fostering)

• Contribute to other families (via surrogacy or cell donation) • Remain child-free & cultivate kinship with others (partners, pets, chosen family, etc.)

Pregnancy Options

Remember to BREATHE

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All these options are legally available to people of all ages in California.

breathe in

Teens who are pregnant do not need permission to choose any of these options…

breathe out

but it can help to talk with trusted adults for support with decision-making.

Pregnancy Options Flowchart

Pregnancy Options Flowchart If choosing to…

Once a person knows they are pregnant… End the Pregnancy

Pregnancy Confirmed

End the Pregnancy

Abortion

Adoption

Continue the Pregnancy

*Safe Surrender

Abortion

Removing the products of conception from the uterus

• Medication abortion

• Typically done within the first 10 weeks of pregnancy

• Procedural abortion

Parenting

• Typically done within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, but legal up to 24 weeks in CA

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Pregnancy Options Flowchart

Pregnancy Options Flowchart If choosing to…

Once a person knows they are pregnant…

Pregnancy Confirmed

Continue the Pregnancy

Abortion Adoption

Continue the Pregnancy

Adoption Parenting

*Safe Surrender

Parenting

It is important to engage in prenatal care throughout…

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End the Pregnancy

What are some DOs and DON’Ts for prenatal care?

Pregnancy Options Flowchart Adoption

Continue the Pregnancy

Parenting

If choosing to…

It is important to engage in prenatal care throughout…

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If choosing to…

Pregnancy Options Flowchart Continue the Pregnancy

• DOs: prenatal vitamins, balanced diet, hydration,

Adoption Parenting

It helps to make a birth plan before going into labor…

What should a pregnant person consider before giving birth?

regular light exercise, plenty of rest, etc.

• DON’Ts: alcohol, drugs, smoke, vape, certain foods & medications, intense physical activity, etc.

Pregnancy Options Flowchart

If choosing to… Continue the Pregnancy

Adoption

Parenting

If choosing to…

It helps to make a birth plan before going into labor…

Continue the Pregnancy

• Open adoption

• Care team: finding medical professionals to help with delivery

• First (biological) and adoptive parent(s) can know

and/or support professionals to help during and after delivery

each other’s identity, may agree to remain in contact

• Support system: partner, family, friends, etc.

• Closed adoption

• Labor & delivery: getting mentally and physical prepared,

• No identifying information is shared between them

choosing a location, considering pain management options, etc.

Adoption

Relinquishing legal rights and responsibilities as guardian

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Pregnancy Options Flowchart If choosing to…

Adoption

If choosing to…

Relinquishing legal rights and responsibilities as guardian

Continue the Pregnancy

Adoption Parenting

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Continue the Pregnancy

Pregnancy Options Flowchart

The vasttype majority of adoptions in Which of adoption do you the U.S. opencommon? or semi-open thinkare is more

Pregnancy Options Flowchart Continue the Pregnancy

Parenting

If choosing to…

Raising a child as their legal guardian

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If choosing to…

Pregnancy Options Flowchart

What does a person need to think about or plan for when becoming a parent?

Continue the Pregnancy

Parenting

Raising a child as their legal guardian

• Choices about the child’s health & well-being: • Feeding, living arrangements, medical care, etc.

• Support & self-care as a new parent: • Personal care, childcare, financial support, mental health, etc.

– everyone’s support system will look different

Pregnancy Options Flowchart

If choosing to… Continue the Pregnancy

Adoption

*Safe Surrender

Parenting

…in an _ emergency*

Once a person knows they are pregnant… End the Pregnancy Pregnancy Confirmed

• 3 Days

Abortion Adoption

Continue the Pregnancy

• A newborn can be legally relinquished within 72 hours at a designated site

*Safe Surrender

Parenting

• 14 Days

• A parent/guardian has 2 weeks to reclaim the baby

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Pregnancy Options

Abortion

Adoption

Parenting

*Safe Surrender

25%

<1%

60%

Which of these options do you think is most common for teenagers who become pregnant?

O nly

Which of these options do you think is most common for teenagers who become pregnant?

Abortion

Adoption

Parenting

*Safe Surrender

About 15% of pregnancies end in miscarriage

Let’s Take a Moment to…

Pregnancy Options

What are some of the unique challenges that pregnant and parenting teens may face?

Re vie w

breathe in

Examples:

breathe out

• Social stigma • Financial security • Impacts on education and career goals

Pregnancy Options

Pregnancy Options Resources Know Your Rights

What are some of the unique challenges that pregnant and parenting teens may face?

myschoolmyrights.com Youth-focused legal info, including FAQs for pregnant & parenting students in CA

All-Options Talkline 1 (888) 493-0092

Teen parents deserve support,

Free, confidential counseling and nonjudgmental support at any point in the decision-making process

not judgment or ridicule.

Pregnant and parenting teens in CA can also find community through:

Shine Together shinetogether.org

Empowering young moms with tools and resources to thrive as students and parents

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Lesson 6 Wrap-Up

Looking Forward Next class…

Let’s Review! • What is prenatal care?

• Who or where might a pregnant person go to for support or advice in making their decision?

• Diagnose curable & treatable STIs (based on symptoms, testing,

Work out to your favorite playlist

treatment, transmission, etc.)

Take a hot shower

• Explore HIV – how it impacts individuals and communities

Gaze at the clouds or stars

• Discuss STI prevention with a condom demonstration!

Create a self-portrait

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STIs

O nly

• What does reproductive justice mean?

Self-Care Ideas:

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Welcome Question

Lesson 7: STIs

What are some ways that we protect our bodies from harm?

O nly

Welcome to Teen Talk

Group Norms

Calming Strategies

Re vie w

1. Respect

me sip soter a w

2. Communication

p ut y h ea d our dow n

dle doo w d r ra o

breathe in

3. Curiosity

5-4-3 -2 meth -1 od

breathe out

4. Privacy

5. Well-being

Agenda

Welcome Question

ü Opening Routine

What are some ways that we protect our bodies from harm?

q Intro to Harm Reduction

We often do things to lower risk:

q STI Mystery Diagnosis

• Environmental risks – taking precautions to

q Quick Facts About HIV

protect ourselves from the world around us

• Interpersonal risks – doing things to safeguard

q Condom Demo

ourselves and others in social situations

• Health risks – using preventative measures to

q Closing Routine

preserve our physical and mental health

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Harm Reduction

Harm is a part of life

Decision-making and harm reduction are easier when we are within our window of tolerance

O nly

but we each have the right to make choices about our own body and anything that affects our health…

the goal is not to eliminate all risk

But we can’t expect ourselves to be perfect.

but to be aware and make choices that consider personal and community safety

Harm Reduction

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Partnered sexual intimacy

Harm Reduction

Partnered sexual intimacy

has an inherent potential for harm

To minimize risks of sexual harm, people may:

If choosing to engage in sex with other people,

safer sex practices involve proactive

• Limit their number of sexual partners

communication about personal and relationship boundaries, including a plan to prevent STIs

• Only have sex within a committed relationship, such as marriage • Avoid sexual contact entirely (abstinence)

Harm Reduction

STI Mystery Diagnosis

Remember… everyone deserves respect and dignity, regardless of their STI status.

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What is an STI?

STI Basics STIs are grouped into 2 categories based on whether they are:

Curable

Treatable

The infection can be eliminated (cured) from the body with medication

The infection can be managed (treated) with medication, but not cured

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S Sexually TTransmitted IInfection

An infection typically passed through sex – from contact with infected skin or

fluids from the vagina, anus, or penis

STI Basics

Treatable

Curable

Treatable

The infection can be eliminated (cured) from the body with medication

The infection can be managed (treated) with medication, but not cured

chlamydia

herpes

gonorrhea

hepatitis B

Caused by bacteria or other pathogens

Caused by viruses

syphilis

HPV

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Curable

(insects, protozoa)

trichomoniasis

Some even have vaccines!

HIV/AIDS

pubic lice

Signs & Symptoms

Signs & Symptoms unusual discharge

What are some common signs or symptoms when a person has an STI?

something looks or feels different (blisters, warts, sores)

pain or itching around private parts burning sensation when peeing

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Signs & Symptoms

STI Mystery Diagnosis

The most common sign is…

O nly

70% of people with an STI have

NONE!

You will be playing the role of a doctor trying to diagnose a patient’s STI based on the medical information presented.

The only way to know for sure is to

get tested!

NO obvious signs or symptoms

STI Mystery Diagnosis

Impacts of STIs

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Lab Instructions:

Why should young people care about STIs?

• Work together to diagnose your assigned patient

• Decode the pictures using the infographics at each station • Visit all 7 stations to complete the entire* Medical Chart

STIs are very

common

• Use the process of elimination to reveal the Mystery STI

among young people!

• Once finished, get a new patient and repeat

* Some STIs may not fill every box on the Medical Chart

Impacts of STIs

Why should young people care about STIs?

STIs are very

common

among young people!

Why should young people care about STIs?

People ages 15-24 account for nearly HALF of new STI diagnoses in the U.S. each year.

STIs are very

common

among young people!

Some STIs can cause severe health issues or lasting damage to the body…

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If Left Untreated…

bacterial infections

hepatitis B & hepatitis C

Over many years, it can cause serious

These infections can eventually lead to

These viruses can cause

organ damage

infertility

liver damage

(such as blindness, dementia, paralysis, heart failure)

(being unable to conceive or cause a pregnancy)

HPV

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syphilis

chlamydia & gonorrhea

viral infections

(inflammation, cancer, or liver failure)

Some types lead to

genital warts or

certain cancers (of the cervix, penis, anus, or throat)

If Left Untreated…

Impacts of STIs

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Having any STI increases the risk of contracting HIV HIV

Why should young people care about STIs?

This virus causes the

immune system

STIs are very

to become

common

weakened

among young people!

(may lead to AIDS)

Some STIs can cause severe health issues or lasting damage to the body…

STI Testing

STI Prevention

Urine Test

Cotton Swab

Visual Inspection

Blood Draw

Oral Swab

Pap Test*

Most STIs are

asymptomatic

– the only way to know for sure is to

get tested!

What can someone do to lower their risk of contracting or transmitting an STI?

* Recommended at age 21

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MOST Effective Way is...

Limit Number of Partners Reduce exposure by limiting the number of sexual partners or only having sex within a

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Not engaging in any sexual behaviors with other people

mutually committed relationship (such as a marriage)

(practicing abstinence)

Use a Barrier During Sex

Communicate about how to prevent STI transmission together

dental dam!

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condoms!

Talk Honestly

(external & internal)

gloves!

Keep a Clear Head

NO Sharing Needles

Avoid mixing drugs or alcohol with sex*

Infections like HIV and hepatitis C can occur through bloodborne transmission (like getting tattoos, piercings, or using drugs)

What are some potential risks of mixing sex and substance use?

NEVER use a needle

No!

(or any injection equipment)

that has been used by another person!

* The legal age to consent to sex is 18 (in C A ) and the legal age to drink alcohol is 21.

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Vaccines

HIV Prevention Medicines

Getting vaccinated helps prevent hepatitis B & HPV infections ü Recommended for all genders

PrEP

PEP

ü Available for FREE at local health clinics

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

Used by people who have a higher risk of getting HIV

Used by people who were recently exposed to HIV

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These vaccines lower the risk for certain cancers.

These are for people who do not have HIV to help prevent an infection if exposed

ü Adult consent is not needed (age 12 and up)

STI Prevention Review

This can be used by anyone who has had condomless sex within the past 72 hours

Ways to reduce the risk of STI transmission:

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Bacterial STI Prevention Meds

• NO oral, anal or vaginal sex or genital skin-to-skin contact • NO sharing needles (e.g., tattoos, piercings, IV drug use) • Use a barrier method (like a condom)

DoxyPEP

• Get tested before having sex any new partner • Get vaccinated for HPV and Hepatitis B • Communicate about past sexual experiences

Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

• Limit number of sexual partners, or be in a mutually committed relationship, such as marriage

A single dose of antibiotics used to prevent a potential chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis infection

• Avoid alcohol and drugs (can lead to poor decision-making) • Take PrEP, PEP, or DoxyPEP for prevention as needed

HIV and AIDS are Different! Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Quick Facts About HIV

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

When the immune system is extremely weak from HIV, a person may be diagnosed with AIDS

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Fluids that Transmit HIV

Ways that HIV is Transmitted

1) blood

blood

Sharing injection equipment or needles with someone who has HIV

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2) semen 3) pre-ejaculate 4) vaginal fluid 5) rectal fluid 6) breast milk

These are the ONLY body fluids that can carry HIV…

Pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding (parent to baby)

breast milk

Ways that HIV is Transmitted

Ways HIV is not Transmitted

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Condomless vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has HIV

semen pre-ejaculate vaginal fluid rectal fluid

sharing food or drinks kissing, hugging, or shaking hands

being friends with someone who is living with HIV

using the same bathroom

donating blood

urine, sweat, tears, or saliva

animals or bug bites

How to Prevent HIV Transmission

These are the only certain ways to prevent HIV:

1) Not having sex 2) Not using injection drugs

• Using a condom or dental dam when having sex • Limiting the number of sexual partners • Getting tested regularly • Taking medication as prescribed…

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HIV Prevention Medicines

If a person is HIV negative:

If a person is HIV positive:

PEP

ART

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

Antiretroviral Therapy

Used by people who want to prevent contracting HIV

Used by people who were recently exposed to HIV

Used to treat HIV and prevent transmitting the virus to others

A daily pill that prevents the virus from replicating, and helps strengthen the body’s immune system

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PrEP

HIV Prevention Medicines

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If a person is HIV positive: U=U

With consistent use, the virus can become “undetectable” and even “untransmittable” to others through sex!

How to Support Someone • Treat them with respect and dignity • Include them in activities • Listen to them • Remind them to take their medication • Go to their appointments with them • Participate in an HIV/AIDS walk to fundraise for HIV/AIDS research

HIV Resources HIV Information for Teens (by MTV) www.gytnow.org

HIV Risk Reduction Tool

www.hivrisk.cdc.gov

Find local HIV Testing Sites & Care Services

Condom Demonstration

www.locator.hiv.gov

Find local PrEP Providers

www.pleaseprepme.org

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Remember to BREATHE

Condom Demonstration Where can a person get condoms?

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breathe in

breathe out

Condom Demonstration

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Where can a person get condoms?

How should a person store condoms?

• Buy them at a pharmacy, grocery store, gas station, online, etc. • Get them for FREE at many local clinics

Condom Demonstration

How should a person store condoms?

AVOID: hot, cold, sharp, pressure, friction

keep condoms protected at room temp.

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Condom Demonstration

To participate in the demo... 1. Follow instructions – do NOT go ahead of the class!

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What kinds of physical preparations might partners consider before engaging in sexual activity?

Condom Demonstration

2. Be gentle & respectful with the materials

Condom Demonstration

Step 1: Ask for consent

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Step 1: Ask for consent Do you want to have sex?

Condom Demonstration Step 2: Check the package

Yes, I’ll grab us a condom!

expires April 30th, 2027

Condom Demonstration

Step 1: Ask for consent

Step 2: Check the package

Step 3: Open carefully

Step 4: Check the direction

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Condom Demonstration

Step 1: Ask for consent

Step 2: Check the package

Step 3: Open carefully

Step 4: Check the direction

Condom Demonstration

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Condom Demonstration

Condom Demonstration Step 1: Ask for consent

Step 2: Check the package

Step 3: Open carefully

Step 4: Check the direction

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Step 1: Ask for consent

Condom Demonstration

Step 1: Ask for consent

Step 2: Check the package

Step 3: Open carefully

Step 4: Check the direction

Step 5: Pinch the tip!

Step 5: Pinch the tip

Step 6: Roll onto erect penis

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Condom Demonstration

Step 1: Ask for consent

Step 2: Check the package

Step 3: Open carefully

Step 4: Check the direction

Step 5: Pinch the tip

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Condom Demonstration

Step 5: Pinch the tip

Step 6: Roll onto erect penis

Step 7: Remove carefully

Step 8: Dispose in the trash

Condom Demonstration

Step 1: Ask for consent

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Step 2: Check the package

How might partners promote connection and comfort after sex?

Step 3: Open carefully

Step 4: Check the direction Step 5: Pinch the tip

Step 6: Roll onto erect penis Step 7: Remove carefully

Step 8: Dispose in the trash

Lesson 7 Wrap-Up

Looking Forward Next class…

Let’s Review!

• What is the difference between curable and treatable STIs?

• How can a person protect themself from STIs? • Where can people get free local STI testing?

107

Sexual Violence (content warning)

• Review consent and laws related to sexual crimes • Analyze scenarios that depict aspects of sexual violence • Discuss various systems of justice and injustice

Self-Care Ideas: Bake some cookies Run around the block Help a family member or neighbor with a chore Go to bed early

108

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Welcome Question

What does a culture of consent look like?

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Welcome to Teen Talk

Lesson 8: Sexual Violence Prevention

Group Norms

Content Warning

This lesson may be activating.

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1. Respect

Be gentle with yourself and each other...

2. Communication 3. Curiosity

breathe in

breathe out

4. Privacy

5. Well-being

Calming Strategies me sip soter wa

p ut y h ea d our dow n

breathe in

dle doo w ra or d

Agenda Opening Routine

5-4-3 -2 meth -1 od

❑ Intro to Power Dynamics ❑ Sexual Violence Definitions

breathe out

❑ Our Sexual Bill of Rights ❑ Cam’s Story ❑ Closing Routine

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Welcome Question

Intro to Power Dynamics

What does a culture of consent look like?

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Some situations are inherently unequal because certain people have more power than others.

When affirmative consent is normalized… • It’s an expected norm in the community

Without a culture of consent, unequal power dynamics can normalize crossing boundaries and committing harm…

• It’s second nature to ask for consent and respect each other’s boundaries

Intro to Power Dynamics

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In trusted relationships or communities, people may assume that consent is unnecessary or implied…

affirmative consent

REDUCES the likelihood of committing harm by allowing each person equal power.

Intro to Power Dynamics

Intro to Power Dynamics We cannot control what someone else chooses to do…

Intro to Power Dynamics It’s everyone’s job to help reduce violence in our communities

Society (and media) often place the burden of responsibility on the individual to avoid experiencing harm…

“victim blaming” is oppressive and diverts attention from the real issue:

We can hold ourselves and each other accountable and work together to build a culture of consent.

by staying aware of power dynamics and doing our best to balance them.

unequal power dynamics make it

impossible for many people to avoid harm.

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Consent Review

Disrespect & Harm

permission

over 18

informed

CONSENT

“yes!”

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conversation about boundaries

There are many laws designed to protect people from being touched or treated in certain ways without their consent…

sober

equal power

clear

reversible voluntary

a mutual agreement

active

These apply to ALL people, whether they are strangers, friends, dating, married, etc.

Disrespect & Harm

Remember to BREATHE

The following behaviors are

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inappropriate and unacceptable

breathe in

(and illegal) because they are unwanted, disrespectful, and harmful. If you need to talk to someone…

breathe out

no judgment, no shame

National Sexual Assault Hotline: 1-800-656-4673

Sexual Harassment

Title IX (“nine”)

Any sexual communication that makes someone else feel uncomfortable.

This law requires that schools protect students and staff from gender-based discrimination:

in-person or online…

directly or indirectly…

Sexual violence, coercion, or harassment

on purpose or “just kidding…” Name-calling or joking about someone’s body, experience, or identity

Unwanted sexual comments, requests, or spreading rumors about someone

National Sexual Assault Hotline: 1-800-656-4673

Unfair treatment due to gender identity, expression, or sexual orientation

Hostile learning or working environments

To learn more, check out: knowyourix.org National Sexual Assault Hotline: 1-800-656-4673

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Sexual Assault

Laws About Sexual Images

ANY unwanted sexual contact

Child Sexual Abuse Material (Federal) creating, viewing, or sharing nude or sexual images of a minor

Visual contact:__

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(anyone under 18 years old)

• “Flashing” (exposing genitals or other private body parts)

TAKE IT DOWN (Federal)

• Taking, showing, or sending sexual pictures or videos

posting nude or sexual images of someone online without their consent, including “deepfakes”

• Making someone touch their own body in a sexual way

National Sexual Assault Hotline: 1-800-656-4673

www.takeitdown.ncmec.org

Sexual Assault

Cyber Exploitation (California)

ANY unwanted sexual contact

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Laws About Sexual Images sharing sexual images of another person without their consent, resulting in emotional distress

Visual contact:__ • “Flashing” (exposing genitals or other private body parts)

Sextortion (California)

• Taking, showing, or sending sexual pictures or videos

threatening to share or expose nude or sexual images in order to get someone to do something www.takeitdown.ncmec.org

• Making someone touch their own body in a sexual way

National Sexual Assault Hotline: 1-800-656-4673

Sexual Assault

Rape

ANY unwanted sexual contact

Any type of sex without consent

Physical contact:__ • Touching someone’s genitals or other private body parts

This includes penetration of a vagina, anus, or mouth using a body part or an object.

• Kissing someone without consent • Taking off someone’s clothes • Making someone touch another person in a sexual way National Sexual Assault Hotline: 1-800-656-4673

National Sexual Assault Hotline: 1-800-656-4673

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Human Trafficking

Forcing, tricking, or manipulating someone to perform manual labor or sex work

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Human Trafficking

Labor trafficking – work

These crimes often involve threats and/or manipulation, though its not always obvious… Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

as repayment for a loan or service, or to avoid an unwanted consequence

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

Human Trafficking

Forcing, tricking, or manipulating someone to perform manual labor or sex work

Sex trafficking – sexual

Traffickers target those with an obvious vulnerability or need they can fulfill and often use grooming techniques to build a false sense of trust…

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Forcing, tricking, or manipulating someone to perform manual labor or sex work NOTE: If someone is doing sex work under age 18, they cannot be charged with sex trafficking

services in exchange for money, drugs, or basic needs (food, shelter, etc.)

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

Human Trafficking

Forcing, tricking, or manipulating someone to perform manual labor or sex work

“Gorilla” traffickers use force or threats to overpower

This modern-day slavery takes place all over the world, including our own communities…

“Romeo” traffickers use charm, gifts, or romance to seduce

An estimated 50 million people worldwide are victimized through human trafficking on any given day.

“CEO” traffickers use money or business strategies to swindle Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

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Let’s Take a Moment to…

Remember… The body may have a “fight or flight” reaction or it may slip into “freeze” mode,

breathe in

but regardless of the reaction in the moment…

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NO ONE deserves to be exploited or harmed,

breathe out

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

and we are not responsible for anyone else’s decisions or behavior.

National Sexual Assault Hotline: 1-800-656-4673

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In the United States…

Our Sexual Bill of Rights

• Nearly 1 in 2 women and 1 in 6 men experience contact sexual violence in their lifetime.

• About 77% of rapes are not reported. • More than half of survivors knew the person who sexually assaulted them. National Sexual Assault Hotline: 1-800-656-4673

Affirmative Consent Standard

I ALWAYS Have the Right to…

• Only “YES” means YES. Silence means NO. If you are unsure, ask.

Look Sexy – even if I don’t want sex Just Kiss and Touch – even if I had sex

with them before

• A person cannot consent to sex while they are drunk or high.

Change My Mind – even if I said “yes” at first

• Everyone involved must have equal power in the situation. National Sexual Assault Hotline: 1-800-656-4673

Report Sexual Crimes – even if I didn’t tell

anyone right away

National Sexual Assault Hotline: 1-800-656-4673

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How to Help a Friend

How to Help Our Community

• Remind them that it’s not their fault

How can we build a safer community with more respect and less violence?

Rape is an act of power & control, NOT of sexual desire.

• Ask if they feel safe and how you can help • Empower then to make their own decisions

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• Listen without judgment and mirror their language

• Encourage them to report by visiting a local hospital, calling 911, or talking with a trusted adult National Sexual Assault Hotline: 1-800-656-4673

National Sexual Assault Hotline: 1-800-656-4673

How to Help Our Community

Injustice and Oppression

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How can we build a safer community with more respect and less violence?

What are some examples of injustice in our society?

• Educate others about consent laws and our rights in sexual situations • Do NOT make rape jokes or use violent or derogatory words

• Establish a code or signal to check in with a friend in social situations • Challenge ideas of “toxic masculinity” – the notion that men are inherently violent, unemotional, sexually aggressive, etc.

• Examine systems of justice and injustice in our society and how they affect people differently National Sexual Assault Hotline: 1-800-656-4673

Injustice and Oppression

POWER & CONTROL

Displacement

Racism & Xenophobia

Colonialism

Poverty

Physical Abuse

Emotional Manipulation

We all have vulnerabilities

Education Gap

Wage Gap

sometimes due to oppression from the systems that regulate our society…

Incarceration

Sexual Assault

Psychological Control

People are often made to feel that what they are facing is their own fault – but it’s not.

Homophobia & Transphobia

Financial Exploitation

However, some people take advantage of this internalization to gain or maintain power…

Sexism

8/14/26

Who Benefits from Oppression?

Sex Trafficking

POWER & CONTROL

Racism & Xenophobia

Colonialism

Poverty

Physical Abuse

Emotional Manipulation

(having sex, creating sexual videos, etc.)

in exchange for anything else

Incarceration

Homophobia & Transphobia

Sexual Assault

Psychological Control

(money, food, shelter, gifts, drugs, etc.)

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Displacement

Sex work is doing anything sexual

Education Gap

Wage Gap

Financial Exploitation

Sexism

Traffickers will intimidate, manipulate, or fake caring for someone to hide their exploitation by promising protection, love, money, or fame.

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

Stay Aware Online…

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Technology and social media are making it easier than ever for traffickers to target and connect with young people.

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

Sex Trafficking

If a person is doing sex work under age 18, it is always considered sex trafficking. But it’s not a young person’s fault for being in a situation like this… It is the trafficker’s fault and a failure of society to protect that young person. Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

Remember to BREATHE breathe in

Cam’s Story

breathe out

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

8/14/26

Cam’s Story (1 of 9)

Cam’s Story (2 of 9)

Growing up, we moved around a lot so my dad could find work. Always being the new kid at school made it hard to make friends, especially because I constantly felt judged for my style and having a super old phone. When I started freshman year in a new town, dad worked the night shift and slept during the day, so I was on my own most of the time.

One day when I was taking the bus home, I noticed

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

Cam’s Story (3 of 9)

but I just kept to myself and looked down at my phone. When I looked up again, she had moved to a closer seat. She said ‘hi’ and told me her name is Val. We started talking and she was really cool.

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this girl smiling at me. I recognized her from school,

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We ended up exchanging numbers and agreed to meet at the mall that weekend. I played it cool, but I was actually really excited that she wanted to hang out.

When we met up on Saturday, Val wasn’t alone. She introduced me to her boyfriend Mike. He was older, and I was a little intimidated, but I wanted to spend time with Val.

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

Even though she teased me about my outfit, she offered to take me shopping for new clothes.

Cam’s Story (4 of 9) Mike ended up treating us to lunch and insisted on buying us some new clothes and jewelry. He even got me a new phone! I don’t usually accept gifts like that, but Val kept telling me it’s not a big deal and that he just likes to spoil her and her friends. My dad would never understand, so I didn’t tell him about Val and Mike or let him see my new stuff. Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

Cam’s Story (5 of 9)

Cam’s Story (6 of 9)

Over the next few weeks, the three of us hung out a lot, and I was starting to feel like I had finally made some good friends.

The guys handed us some beers and asked me if I liked to party. I was getting nervous and tried to say that I don’t drink, but Val laughed and said I should

One night, Val texted me to come over to Mike’s apartment and chill with them. It was late, but my dad was already gone for work, so I decided to go. When I got there, I could tell that Val was tipsy. I sat on the couch with her, and soon one of Mike’s friends, Brad, also came over…

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

loosen up. That’s when Mike started acting different. He mentioned the clothes he had bought for us and told us to try on some outfits for them. He said something like “you got the body, why not show it off?” I didn’t want to, but I followed Val’s lead… Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

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Cam’s Story (8 of 9)

After we changed and went back to show the guys, they snapped a few pics of us posing together. Then Val climbed into Mike’s lap, and they started kissing. Brad grabbed my hand and pulled me down onto the couch next to him. I was so uncomfortable and didn’t know what to do. I looked to Val for help, but she just looked back at me and smiled…

I heard Mike say that it was time for me to “pay my dues.” Things were hazy for the rest of the night, but I remember Brad leaving $100 on the table before he left.

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

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Cam’s Story (7 of 9)

When I saw Val at school the next week, I was so upset and tried to avoid her. But she came over and asked me to come back and party with Mike and his friends again…

Cam’s Story (9 of 9)

Let’s Take a Moment to…

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I made some excuse about homework, but she told me I better do what Mike says because he gets scary when he’s mad. Then she pulled out her phone and showed me the photos they took, ones I don’t remember them taking. I was humiliated. Val said if I didn’t come over again this weekend and make Mike some more money, I’d regret it.

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

breathe in

breathe out

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

Cam’s Story

What about “pink flags”?

What are some of the “red flags” you noticed?

• Mike is older…

• Provided them alcohol • Cam needs to “pay their dues”

• Mike “gets scary when he’s mad”

• Cam will “regret it”

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

things that may seem “normal” but mixed with red flags become warning signs for harm or exploitation • Mike “spoiled” them with food and gifts • They quickly became close • Brad showed up to “party” • Brad left $100 for Mike

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

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Stages of Sex Trafficking

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Luring – establishing a connection with the intent of developing a relationship for the purpose of exploitation In Cam’s story, this involved a recruiter, Val, who was already under Mike’s control.

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

Stages of Sex Trafficking

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Grooming – identifying and fulfilling the needs and dreams of an individual and gaining their trust

Cam didn’t have many friends, so their friendship with Val (and Mike) became very important. Mike spoiled them with gifts that Cam would not otherwise be able to access.

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

Stages of Sex Trafficking Isolation – creating distance

(mental, emotional, physical) between an

individual and their support system • Cam began keeping secrets from their dad • Physically isolated at Mike’s apartment • Alcohol increased Cam’s vulnerability • Sexy photos gave Mike more power & control Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

Stages of Sex Trafficking

Manipulation & Coercion –

Exploitation – requiring ongoing

sending mixed messages and justifying sexual violence as a favor or debt “Why not show it off?” convinced Cam to be vulnerable, then took advantage with photos.

“Paying dues” suggests Mike expects something in return for spending time & money on Cam. Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

participation in sex work while taking most or all of the money earned • Cam was uncomfortable and hazy, but Brad did sexual things with them anyways (sexual assault) • Brad left money on the table, indicating a transaction • Val implied that Mike may get violent (intimidation) or do something harmful, like expose the photos (threats) Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

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Cam’s Story

1) How might Cam’s experience ___be shaped by their identities ___ and/or vulnerabilities?

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Cam’s Story

2) Who is responsible for the ___ ___ exploitation in Cam’s story?

• Trafficking can happen to people of ANY gender, orientation, race, age, etc.

3) What could Cam do next?

• Traffickers don’t only target people with fewer resources…they can fulfill all types of needs

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

Cam’s Story

2) Who is responsible for the ___ ___ exploitation in Cam’s story?

No one deserves violence or exploitation. This situation is not Cam’s fault.

• Val – acted as a recruiter, but is also a minor being

• Mike – an adult manipulating young people into

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2) Who is responsible for the ___ ___ exploitation in Cam’s story?

exploited by Mike…

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

sexual situations to make a profit

• Brad – engaged in commercial sex acts with a minor Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

Cam’s Story

Remember…

3) What could Cam do next?

• We ALL have vulnerabilities

• Reach out to the Human Trafficking Hotline

• Traffickers exploit vulnerabilities that are rooted in oppression and injustice

• Talk with a friend or classmate and ask for help

• Tell their dad or a trusted adult about the situation

• Everyone deserves safe relationships!

• Contact the police and report Mike

• It can be hard to leave a dangerous situation on our own…reaching out to a hotline or trusted adult can help

Human Trafficking Hotline: Text ‘HELP’ to 233-733

• Use takeitdown.ncmec.org to flag their images

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Lesson 8 Wrap-Up

Looking Forward

Let’s Review! • What resources can help people who are affected by sexual violence?

• How can we all contribute to a culture of consent?

(content warning)

Practice some yoga poses

Relationships • Explore signs of healthy and unhealthy relationships

Cuddle with a pet

• Discuss types of abuse and unsafe relationship situations

Write a poem or song

• Analyze scenarios that depict aspects of emotional harm

Do a random act of kindness

111

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110

Self-Care Ideas:

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• What is CA’s affirmative consent standard?

Next class…

8/14/26

Welcome Question

Lesson 9: Relationships

How do you know you can trust someone?

O nly

Welcome to Teen Talk

Group Norms

Content Warning

This lesson may be activating.

Re vie w

1. Respect

Be gentle with yourself and each other...

2. Communication

breathe in

3. Curiosity

breathe out

4. Privacy

5. Well-being

Calming Strategies me sip soter wa

p ut y h ea d our dow n

breathe in

dle doo w ra or d

Agenda ü Opening Routine

5-4-3 -2 meth -1 od

❑ Intro to Healthy Relationships ❑ Love is Learned

breathe out

❑ Brenton’s Story ❑ Relationship Realities ❑ Closing Routine

8/14/26

Welcome Question

Intro to Healthy Relationships

• You can talk to them about anything or ask them for help • You can expect them to be reliable, respectful, and nonjudgmental • They make you feel comfortable, safe, and supported

Building Trust

Losing Trust

• Respecting boundaries

• Crossing boundaries

• Being honest

• Lying

• Taking accountability for our mistakes

• Being unreliable

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How do you know if you can trust someone?

• Blaming others

We can all learn to recognize and change unhealthy patterns.

Intro to Healthy Relationships

We have many relationships throughout our lives:

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Intro to Healthy Relationships

• Romantic and/or sexual partners

• Romantic and/or sexual partners • Friends, classmates, peers, teammates • Parents/guardians, siblings, family members

• Friends, classmates, peers, teammates • Parents/guardians, siblings, family members intimate • Teachers, coaches, mentors partnerships • Neighbors, community members • Caregivers, doctors, counselors • Coworkers, employers

• Teachers, coaches, mentors • Neighbors, community members • Caregivers, doctors, counselors • Coworkers, employers

Intro to Healthy Relationships

Resources for Support

Everyone deserves healthy and safe relationships.

(National Teen Dating Abuse Helpline)

Being mistreated can feel very isolating but know that you are not alone.

We can all learn to love better by recognizing unhealthy signs and shifting to healthy behaviors.

• Call: (800) 799-7233

• Call: (866) 331-9474

• Text: ‘START’ to 88788

• Text: ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

• Chat: thehotline.org

• Chat: loveisrespect.org

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Love is Learned

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

Describe your perfect date.

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Love is Learned

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

Love is Learned

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Describe your perfect date.

It’s common to fantasize about relationships in terms of romance…

Less often do we delve into the realities of what it means to be in a healthy relationship.

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

The One Love Foundation

One Love’s “10 Signs”

Source: The One Love Foundation – www.joinonelove.org

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Relationship Pillars

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

Relationship Abuse In-Person Examples

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

sexual

financial

physical

hitting, kicking, slapping, choking, grabbing

sexual

financial

emotional

psychological

physical

Relationship Power & Control

Digital Examples

emotional

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Foundation is cracked from abuse.

psychological

Relationship Pillars

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

Relationship Abuse

sexual

financial

emotional

sexual

psychological

put-downs, name-calling, humiliation online

physical

put-downs, name-calling, humiliation

financial

Digital Examples

emotional

In-Person Examples

cyber-stalking, “catfishing,” demanding account passwords, monitoring phone or social media use

psychological

Digital Examples

threats, intimidation, “gaslighting,” isolation, stalking

physical

In-Person Examples

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

betrayal

manipulation

volatility

isolation

belittling

trust

honesty

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Relationship

kindness

Relationship independence

Foundation is weak & unstable…

respect

Foundation is strong & secure…

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

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Relationship Abuse

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

sexual

financial

emotional

psychological

sexual

physical

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sending unwanted sexual pictures or videos, pressuring someone to “sext”

financial

Digital Examples

sexual harassment, sexual assault, rape, tampering with birth control

emotional

In-Person Examples

psychological

Digital Examples spending money online without consent, monitoring bank accounts, using someone’s SSN to incur debts (identity theft)

physical

In-Person Examples blocking access to basic needs, confiscating paychecks, forcing someone to quit their job, not paying court-ordered child support

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

Relationship Abuse

Let’s Take a Moment to…

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Abuse is never OK.

breathe in

sexual

financial

emotional

psychological

physical

But it’s not always obvious and can be difficult to spot when it’s happening…

breathe out

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

Intentions Matter

“Because I Love You – Delete”

When someone says

“I love you”

what do they mean? Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

Source: The One Love Foundation – www.joinonelove.org

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Taking Action

• Safely seek assistance (instead of handling it alone)

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What can someone do if they realize they are in an unhealthy or unsafe relationship?

• Tell a trusted adult, family member, or friend about what is going on • Meet with a counselor or therapist to process difficult emotions • Call/text a hotline to get support and suggestions

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

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Resources for Support

(National Teen Dating Abuse Helpline)

• Call: 1-800-799-7233

• Call: 1-866-331-9474

• Text: ‘START’ to 88788

• Text: ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

• Chat: thehotline.org

• Chat: loveisrespect.org

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

Taking Action

What can someone do if they realize they are in an unhealthy or unsafe relationship? • Create a plan to safely end the relationship • Consider whether it’s safer to talk in-person or digitally (via text) • Practice communicating in firm, direct language • Meet in a public place or bring a friend along in case the situation escalates • After a break-up, stay distracted with friends, family, school, work, hobbies, etc. Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

Remember…

Join One Love:

Everyone deserves to have healthy, loving relationships in their life.

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

Source: The One Love Foundation – www.joinonelove.org/youth-leadership

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Brenton’s Story

IPV Fact Sheet – Section 1

Remember to BREATHE

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Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) or relationship abuse is a pattern of physical violence, sexual aggression, stalking, emotional manipulation, or psychological control by a current or former intimate partner.

breathe in

Abuse is about POWER & CONTROL.

breathe out

NO ONE deserves or wants abuse.

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

Brenton’s Story (1 of 7)

Brenton’s Story (2 of 7)

I met Taylor my first day of high school. I was immediately attracted to her; she was older and had so much confidence. I’ve had crushes on other

The first few months were amazing; we texted and hung out all the time. But as we got to know each other, Taylor started commenting on things about me like “you wear too much makeup,” or “you’re showing too much skin.” She wasn’t saying anything mean, but they weren’t compliments either. When I brought it up, she told me I was being too sensitive.

girls before but never dated one. When she asked me out, I was so excited! On our date, she said she had come out to her family as lesbian, but they weren’t supportive. It broke my heart to see how hurt she was. She thought it was best to keep our relationship a secret from our families and friends.

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

8/14/26

Brenton’s Story (3 of 7)

Brenton’s Story (4 of 7)

I wanted so much to prove my love to her. She kept telling me that my friends were immature and toxic, and they didn’t understand me like she did. I felt a

But then one day I logged onto Instagram and my account was deleted! When I confronted her about it, she said she did it for my own good – my pictures made me look “like a slut” and I was “obviously doing it for the attention.” I wanted to get some advice, but I didn’t know who to turn to, especially since I hadn’t told my family and friends about her.

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

Brenton’s Story (5 of 7)

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little guilty, but I stopped hanging out with them as much. Then she started getting upset if I didn’t respond to her texts immediately, asking me if I was talking to other girls. She said she has trust issues from a past relationship, so when she asked for the password to my Instagram account, I gave it to her.

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The next day after school, Taylor invited me over to her place when her parents weren’t home. I was still upset that she had deleted my Instagram, but I went over so we could talk about it. When I brought up how I felt, she started yelling about how she saw me flirting with my chem lab partner, Sophia. She confessed that she had looked through my DMs before deleting my account and had seen flirty messages between us...

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

Brenton’s Story (6 of 7) I tried to tell her those messages were just about our homework, but she insisted, “I know what I saw. How do you expect me to trust you?” I felt trapped and confused. Maybe I had been flirting? Taylor started crying, so I promised her I wouldn’t talk to Sophia anymore. She said she would try to work on her jealousy, but she just couldn’t handle the thought of losing me. Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

Brenton’s Story (7 of 7)

Let’s Take a Moment to…

To calm her down, I suggested we cuddle and watch a movie, but I felt awful and wanted to go home.

breathe in

I think I should leave her, but I feel too guilty. She told me if I ever broke up with her, she would hurt herself. What should I do?

breathe out

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

8/14/26

Brenton’s Story

Brenton’s Story – “Red Flags” Belittling

Isolation • Criticizing Brenton’s friends as “immature and toxic” Intensity • Getting upset if Brenton didn’t text back immediately Possessiveness • Sharing IG password to soothe Taylor’s jealousy • Brenton promising not to talk to Sophia anymore

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When would you (as Brenton) leave the relationship?

• Comments like “you wear too much makeup” or “you’re showing too much skin”

Deflecting • Dismissing Brenton’s hurt feelings for being “too sensitive” Responsibility • Insincere apology justifying Taylor’s controlling behavior Guilting

What “red flags” did you notice?

• Brenton blamed for not being loyal (talking to Sophia) • Gaslighting – Brenton made to question her perception

Manipulation • Threatening self-harm if Brenton ends the relationship

Fawn Response • Brenton ignoring her own feelings to avoid further conflict

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

What Has Been Happening?

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Brenton was excited about dating Taylor.

IPV Fact Sheet – Section 2 IPV can occur in any type of relationship…

heterosexual or LGBTQ+

Taylor began to act controlling, which made Brenton upset and hurt.

Abusive relationships tend to follow a repeating cycle that may escalate over time…

Taylor apologized…

…but left Brenton feeling guilty. Taylor was manipulating her.

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

The Cycle of Violence

HONEYMOON PHASE

love

apology

calm

Cycle of Violence

explosion

TENSION BUILDING PHASE

Cycle of Violence explosion

eggshells

ABUSIVE PHASE

TENSION BUILDING PHASE eggshells

ABUSIVE PHASE

fear Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

calm

fear Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

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The Cycle of Violence

calm

TENSION BUILDING PHASE

explosion

Cycle of Violence

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Cycle of Violence

explosion

eggshells

ABUSIVE PHASE fear Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

Signs to Recognize:

ABUSIVE PHASE

TENSION BUILDING PHASE eggshells

fear

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

Reasons Why People Stay: • Financially dependent (lack of resources)

• Signs of depression (acting withdrawn)

• Hope the abusive behavior will change

• Fear, anxiety, or worry

•

• Changes in self-care, grades, mood, etc.

•

• Self-harm

•

• Increase in risky behavior

•

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

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• Signs of physical abuse (injuries)

Reasons Why People Stay:

• Love or loyalty to their partner

• Financially dependent (lack of resources) • Hope the abusive behavior will change • Fear of being alone • Fear of retaliation (revenge) • Lack of resources • Love or loyalty to their partner • Denial – belief that it’s not really that bad • Guilt – belief that the abuse is their fault • Shame – fear of judgment when telling others • Threats – fear their partner will harm themself • Status – fear their partner will “out” them

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

• Financially dependent (lack of resources) • Hope the abusive behavior will change • Fear of being alone

• Fear of retaliation (revenge) • Lack of resources

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Victim Blaming

How to Help Someone:

Abusive partners often deflect responsibility by implying things like “you made me do this…”

• Remind them that it’s not their fault • Listen without judgement

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Blaming someone for staying in an abusive relationship further damages their self-esteem. Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

• Believe them without questioning their story • • • •

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

How to Help Someone:

Remember…

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• Remind them that it’s not their fault • Listen without judgement

Everyone deserves healthy and safe relationships.

• Believe them without questioning their story • Encourage them to report or seek help

A person who has experienced abuse is not at fault and not alone.

• Validate their experiences and support their decision

• Help them identify abuse and

To learn more or get support for yourself or a friend, go to: loveisrespect.org

create a Safety Plan to leave

Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

Healthy Relationship Brainstorm

Lesson 9 Wrap-Up Let’s Review!

Reflect on the relationships in your life – family, friends,

• What are some signs of a healthy relationship?

significant others –

• What are some signs of an unhealthy relationship?

and write out some of your thoughts.

• What are some online resources to learn more about relationships?

Responses will be kept private. Love Is Respect: Text ‘LOVEIS’ to 22522

8/14/26

Looking Forward Next class…

Media & Body Image (content warning)

Self-Care Ideas: Go for a bike ride Journal

Pick some flowers

• Discuss sexually explicit media (pornography), body image, and self-acceptance

Visit someone you haven’t seen in a while

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• Explore how media affects all aspects of culture – people, relationships, and society

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Welcome Question

How does social media affect young people today?

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Welcome to Teen Talk

Lesson 10: Media and Body Image

Group Norms

Content Warning

This lesson may be activating.

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1. Respect

Be gentle with yourself and each other...

2. Communication

breathe in

3. Curiosity

breathe out

4. Privacy

5. Well-being

Calming Strategies me sip soter wa

p ut y h ea d our dow n

breathe in

dle doo w ra or d

Agenda ü Opening Routine

5-4-3 -2 meth -1 od

q Intro to Media Literacy q Behind the Scenes:

breathe out

Media Analysis q Affirmation Creations q Closing Routine

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Social Media

How does social media affect young people today?

Media content is often carefully manipulated, which can lead to unrealistic expectations.

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Welcome Question

• It connects people – helps to build community and share information

Dove Self-Esteem Project

Facebook Internal Study

• It can create pressure to look or act certain ways – may affect self-esteem, confidence, and decision-making

1 in 2 girls say that toxic beauty advice on social media causes low self-esteem.

1 in 3 girls say that when they felt bad about their bodies, Instagram made them feel worse.

Social Media

What is Media?

A system of communicating information with others

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Media content is often carefully manipulated, which can lead to unrealistic expectations.

The way we engage with media can have real impacts on our body image, mental health, and relationships.

Mainstream vs. Social Media

Media Literacy

“Mainstream” media

The ability to analyze, evaluate, and create media using a critical lens

is the ideas, attitudes, or activities that reflect and shape popular beliefs in society (Chomsky, 1997)

“Social” media

Why is it important to develop media literacy?

utilizes digital networks of communication to establish and maintain relationships between people and groups (Jensen, 2015)

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Media Literacy

The ability to analyze, evaluate, and create media using a critical lens

• Think critically

• Understand author goals

• Become smarter consumers of products and information

• Identify the role of media in our culture

• Recognize points of view

• Create media responsibly

it takes time and practice to develop

Five Key Questions: 1) Who created this? 2) Why was this made? 3) Which identities, values, and points of view are represented or missing?

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This skill empowers us to:

Just as we develop reading and writing skills over time…

media literacy and become a

critical consumer

4) What techniques are being used to attract attention? 5) How might different people interpret this message?

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Media Analysis

What are some of the stereotypes, assumptions, and beliefs reinforced in popular media?

Behind the Scenes: Media Analysis

Stereotypes in Media

Media Literacy

• Men are aggressive, women are chased

Thinking critically about the media we consume by asking questions about its:

• Consent is implied and grand gestures make up for a lack of communication

Design

• There are specific ways to show others that you are happy and/or healthy

Production

Content

• People with certain identities or physical attributes are less attractive or have lower self-esteem

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Media Design

Business Behind Media

Who is controlling the messages?

Who is controlling the messages? • AT&T (Discovery, HBO, CNN, TLC, TBS, Food Network, Animal Planet,

The vast majority of mainstream media in the U.S. is owned by a small handful of media companies…

Cartoon Network, DC Comics, Warner Bros. Entertainment)

• Paramount Global (Paramount Pictures, Miramax, Showtime,

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Design

CBS, MTV, BET, Comedy Central, Nickelodeon)

• Disney (Disney, FOX, Hulu, ESPN, A&E, FX, Freeform, Lifetime, National Geographic, History Channel, Pixar, Marvel, Lucasfilm)

• Comcast (NBC Universal, DreamWorks, Oxygen, Bravo, SYFY, XUMO, Peacock)

• Netflix, Google, Amazon, Apple…

Business Behind Social Media

Reinforced in Media Design

Racialized beauty standards

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• Global spending on influencer marketing is skyrocketing… • Roughly $2 billion in 2017 and $8

billion in 2019, to $33 billion in 2025

– positioning thin, hairless, light-skin bodies as more attractive or desirable than others

• Most teens trust and relate to influencers more than traditional celebrities, but many don’t realize:

• For every dollar spent on influencer marketing in 2019, companies earned on average $5.78 in return

Reinforced in Media Design

Gender norms

Heteronormativity – showing or expressing a worldview that promotes heterosexuality as the normal or preferred sexual orientation

– defining what it means to be masculine or feminine, as well as who “should” embody these norms

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Media Production

How are messages manipulated?

Production

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Design

Production

Content

The media industry has many strategies to increase viewership and thus profits…

Media Production

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Think about your favorite

Commonly used filmmaking techniques:

action movie…

What filmmaking techniques were used to make it so engaging? For example: music, CGI, actors

script

make-up

editing

set design

wardrobe

CGI

director

lighting

sound effects

actors

camera angles

music

Sexually Explicit Media

Mainstream Pornography Who is the assumed viewer?

Any type of media that depicts

people in sexual situations, created with the intent to arouse

Male gaze – the way media represents the world and women from a masculine point of view, often depicting women as objects of male pleasure

Also known as

“pornography” or porn

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Mainstream Pornography

Media Content

Who is the assumed viewer?

Who is included and who is left out?

Porn is an adult interpretation of sexuality made for entertainment

Content

Design

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– not education!

Production

It’s designed for people with adult bodies, adult brains, and adult perspectives…

Media Content

Representation

Who is often underrepresented or missing in popular media?

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Who is included and who is left out? We tend to see the same types of people over and over again in mainstream media,

Content

• Women leads

• Diverse body types

• LGBTQIA+ leads • Diverse family structures and relationships • Neurodiverse leads • People who speak • Black leads different languages • Latinx leads • People of different faiths • Asian leads • People with limited • Native leads financial resources

both on screen and behind the scenes…

Harmful Representation

Improving Representation

Objectify – to treat a person (or character)

What kinds of characters and stories would you like to see represented better in mainstream media?

like an object or thing and ignore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences

Fetishize – to focus sexual desire on an

object or a specific stereotype of a person (e.g., their ethnicity, appearance, disability, sexuality)

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Remember…

Remember…to THINK!

We can think critically about all different types of media!

Before posting, sharing, or communicating online,

try to stop and THINK:

Is it True? Is it Helpful? Is it Inspiring? Is it Necessary? Is it Kind?

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Communicating digitally rather than in-person does not make bullying or hate speech OK.

Our online presence forms a “digital tattoo” that can be difficult to remove or change...

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What is Body Image?

Affirmation Creations

How we think and feel about our Media body and the way we look

Literacy

which can be affected by how we believe others see us

Media and Body Image

Media and Body Image What messages does the media give us about body image?

What messages does the media give us about body image?

Messages about body image are all around us!

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Feel Positive About Ourselves!

Instead of focusing on how you look…

Follow people on social media

Appreciate what your body does for you!

who inspire you… badly about yourself

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rather than make you feel

Feel Positive About Ourselves!

Surround yourself with people

See yourself as a whole person

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Feel Positive About Ourselves! __who uplift you…

– what else makes you, YOU?

rather than make you feel badly about yourself

• Great at giving advice • A dedicated friend • Funny

• Speak up for others

• Loved

• Smart

• Love animals

• Resilient

• Creative

• Generous

• Capable

• Athletic

• Kind

• Unique

Feel Positive About Ourselves!

Affirmation Statements

Practice positive self-affirmations

• “My body tells me what I need.” • “My body is perfect the way it is meant to be.” • “My body is a gift.”

“I am kind.”

• “My body is a vessel for my awesomeness.”

“I am strong.”

• “My very existence makes the world a better place.”

“I am loveable.”

• “I trust the wisdom of my body.” • “I can do anything I put my mind to.” • “I deserve to feel good in my skin.” • “I am perfect, whole, and complete just the way I am.” • “I am constantly evolving into my most perfect self.”

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Affirmation Creations

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We are always growing and changing! Our self-image and relationship with our body will continue to evolve as well… We may feel critical at times, but we can

always love and respect ourselves.

Lesson 10 Wrap-Up

Looking Forward Next class…

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Let’s Review!

Communication & Decision-Making

• Why is media literacy important?

• How can we handle media that conflicts with our personal values?

• How can porn affect the developing brain?

Self-Care Ideas: Have a picnic

• Learn strategies for refusal and

Take a break from social media

• Discuss how and when to stand

Climb a tree

dealing with rejection

up for ourselves and others

• Practice communication and

negotiation skills using scenarios

Listen to a guided meditation

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Welcome Question

Lesson 11: Decision-Making and Communication

What is the difference between being nice and being kind?

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Welcome to Teen Talk

Group Norms

Calming Strategies

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1. Respect

me sip soter a w

2. Communication

p ut y h ea d our dow n

dle doo w d r ra o

breathe in

3. Curiosity

5-4-3 -2 meth -1 od

breathe out

4. Privacy

5. Well-being

Agenda

Welcome Question

ü Opening Routine

What is the difference between being nice and being kind?

q Intro to Advocacy

q What Gives?: Refusal and Rejection Skills

q What Would You Say? q Dear Dr. Lupe

Being Kind:

• Prioritizes not hurting feelings over being fully honest or advocating for our needs

• Involves personal integrity and setting boundaries

• Trying to be perceived as easy-going or likeable

q Closing Routine

Being Nice:

• Not putting other people’s comfort ahead of our personal needs

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Advocating for Others

If someone notices an unfair or unsafe situation happening around them…

• The more people who witness the event, the less each person feels the need to act (“bystander effect”)

advocacy

Upstander:

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Bystander: • Chooses not to get involved or say anything

• Chooses to speak up in support of others

• Helps others feel safe & supported • Helps change community norms • Helps build confidence in our ability to impact the world

Advocating for Others

Advocating for Ourself

self-advocacy

using our privilege and resources on behalf of others who could benefit from our support

speaking up for our own wants and needs

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advocacy

Advocating for Ourself

Remember…

self-advocacy

We are constantly evolving and learning about ourselves…

This is especially important when it comes to sexual health…

Being nice might feel easier in the moment,

but being kind is what strengthens

the muscles we need to build a fulfilling life as well as safe and respectful communities.

Trusted adults, medical providers, and intimate partners can’t know what we want and need unless we tell them!

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Communication Strategies

What strategies do people use to get what they want?

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What Gives?

Refusal & Rejection Skills

Communication Strategies

Be FIRM

Figure out your boundaries Inform them Reason why Make a suggestion

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What strategies do people use to get what they want?

Not all of these strategies are healthy…

Be FIRM

Figure out your boundaries

Figure out your boundaries Inform them

Ask yourself…

• What emotions do I feel? • Would I enjoy this?

Can be helpful to…

• What are my values?

• Take a deep breath before responding • Use “I” Statements “I’m comfortable kissing, but I want to keep our clothes on.”

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Be FIRM

Figure out your boundaries Inform them

Figure out your boundaries Try to… Inform them Reason why “I have to work tonight.”

optional…

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the next 2 steps are

• Think about your values • Avoid excuses

Be FIRM

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Figure out your boundaries Try to… Inform them Reason why

Figure out your boundaries Remember… Inform them Reason why Make a suggestion

• Honor your feelings

• Think about your values

• Be honest – with yourself and with them

• Avoid excuses

“I have to work tonight.”

“Let’s make an appointment to get tested, then we can talk about it some more.”

“I want us both to get tested for STIs first.”

Example Scenario #1

Example Response #1

You are going on a date with someone for the first time and decide to meet them at pizza place at 7pm. When you get there, you notice them sitting at a table by the window. They have already ordered you a soda. It’s orange soda. You hate orange soda. You say “hi” and sit down across from them. They ask you how you’re doing and then say that they already put in an order for a large mushroom pizza. You are allergic to mushrooms. Use the Be FIRM model to address this situation.

“Thank you so much for ordering already. I actually prefer lemon-lime soda, so how about you take this orange soda, and I will ask the server for a different one. I also cannot eat mushrooms because I am allergic to them. Why don’t I ask the server if we can change the pizza to half pepperoni? That way we can both get what we want.”

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Example Response #1

“Thank you so much for ordering already.

I actually prefer lemon-lime soda, so how

about you take this orange soda, and I will

ask the server for a different one. I also

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Example Response #1

cannot eat mushrooms because I am allergic to them. Why don’t I ask the server if

we can change the pizza to half pepperoni?

That way we can both get what we want.”

Example Response #1

“Thank you so much for ordering already.

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Example Response #1

I actually prefer lemon-lime soda, so how

about you take this orange soda, and I will

ask the server for a different one. I also

cannot eat mushrooms because I am allergic to them. Why don’t I ask the server if

we can change the pizza to half pepperoni?

That way we can both get what we want.”

Example Response #1

“Thank you so much for ordering already.

I actually prefer lemon-lime soda, so how

about you take this orange soda, and I will

ask the server for a different one. I also

cannot eat mushrooms because I am allergic to them. Why don’t I ask the server if

we can change the pizza to half pepperoni?

That way we can both get what we want.”

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Your Turn!

Be FIRM – Peer Scenario #1

using the

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Practice responding

Be FIRM model… 38

You are sitting with a group of friends during lunch, excited to eat the leftovers of your favorite traditional meal from your family celebration last night. Your friend makes a grossed-out face and says, “Why don’t you ever have normal food?” The rest of the group laughs a bit, but you feel hurt and uncomfortable. Use the Be FIRM model to acknowledge the microaggression and let them know why it’s not OK to joke like that.

Be FIRM – Peer Scenario #3

You and your partner have been dating for around 2 years now. You have had sex before, but always with a condom. You are worried about STIs and want to keep yourself safe. Your partner has recently been complaining to you that none of their friends use condoms because “it doesn’t feel as good.” Use the Be FIRM model to talk to them about why using condoms is important to you.

You have had a crush on this person in your class for a few months now. They invite you to hang out with them and their friends Friday night. They are going to have a small get-together at their place. When you arrive, you notice that none of their friends have shown up yet. Sure, it’s a bit early, but you clearly remember them saying it was a group thing. They grab your hand and pull you onto the couch. This all seems to be moving a bit too fast, and there is no one else around. Use the Be FIRM model to express your discomfort to them.

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Be FIRM – Peer Scenario #2

Be FIRM – Peer Scenario #4

Your Turn!

You are checking your social media and get a notification that a classmate tagged you in their post. When you click on it, you see an elaborate video asking you to homecoming. You don’t know them very well and feel surprised and embarrassed that they would do this in such a public way. Use the Be FIRM model to respond (either on social media or in-person) and let them know how you feel.

The next round of practice deals with authority figures…

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Be FIRM – Adult Scenario #5

Be FIRM – Adult Scenario #6

You are walking into class before the bell rings, and you know that your teacher has a zero-tolerance policy about phones,

You work part-time as a server at a local restaurant. Your manager walks over and says, “A big party just arrived, and they specifically requested a hot, young server. Go show them a good time! (wink)” This request makes you instantly uncomfortable, and you are trying to find the words to

but you are trying to finish a text as you walk to your desk.

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Your teacher spots you and asks you to hand over your phone. You hand it over because you know you broke the

rule and that you’ll get it back after class. But then, your teacher says, “Give me your password so I can see who you

were texting.” Use the Be FIRM model to let your teacher know that students do not have to give their teachers access to their devices without parent/guardian consent.

communicate this to your manager. Use the Be FIRM model to let your manager know why you find this to be inappropriate.

Be FIRM – Adult Scenario #8

You have felt attraction toward girls and boys

You have been thinking about going on birth control, so

for as long as you can remember, and you finally feel ready come out to your trusted adult. But

you make an appointment at a clinic to learn more about

when your cousin recently told the family they are pansexual, you overheard your trusted adult

interrupts you and says, “I’ll set you up to get an IUD. Most

saying that “it’s just a phase.” You’re afraid they

protection.” You are not interested in getting an IUD and

will say the same thing to you. Use the Be FIRM model to communicate with your trusted adult

ring. Use the Be FIRM model to advocate for yourself and

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Be FIRM – Adult Scenario #7

about how you feel.

your options. During the appointment, the clinician teens are not very responsible, and this is the most effective want to learn more about options like the pill, patch, and ask to learn about the methods you are interested in.

When and How to Be FIRM

This model might not be the best approach in every situation…

How can someone decide when and how to stand up for themself?

Act Now

Act Later

• come to an immediate compromise

• feel embarrassed in front of others

• stay true to your values

• experience a serious consequence

if you can…

• set a good example for others

if you might…

• become unsafe

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When and How to Be FIRM

1. Check-in with yourself and figure out your boundaries

• What emotions do I feel? Where do I feel these feelings? • How safe am I in this situation? Is it safer to act now or later?

2. Decide whether to act now or act later

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• What signals are my body giving me?

• Consider the risks and rewards…

When and How to Be FIRM

1. Check-in with yourself and figure out your boundaries

Authority figures often have more power than young people…

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When and How to Be FIRM

2. Decide whether to act now or act later

but young people still have rights!

3. Reach out to your support system: • Parents/guardians • Friends • Coworkers • Other trusted adults

If not getting the support you need,

turn to other trusted adults.

Dealing with Rejection How does it feel to be turned down when you really want something?

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Dealing with Rejection

Dealing with Rejection How do we know when we’re feeling angry or upset?

Rejection is a part of life

What are some signs or signals to notice?

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How does it feel to be turned down when you really want something?

that we all must learn to deal with…

Noticing Emotions

Intense Emotions

Sometimes emotions can go from

During intense moments or times of conflict,

0 to 100 really fast

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our body sends us signals… • Heart may beat faster

• Stomach may feel tight

• Hands may become sweaty

• May feel a weight on the chest

• May feel confused or “out of sorts”

Intense Emotions

Brain-Body Connection

Examples:

What can we do to lower the intensity of an emotion we’re feeling?

Grounding is a calming strategy to bring the body to a more relaxed state

• Take a breath

• Listen to music

• Play with a pet

• Call a loved one • Go for a run

• Do some yoga • Take a shower • Draw or journal • Grounding or mindfulness

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AFFIRM

Mindfulness is a state of awareness that helps to stay in the present without reacting

Accept their decision Feel your Feelings Increase self-care Reframe Move forward

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Brain-Body Connection

AFFIRM

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Accept their decision

Accept their decision Feel your Feelings

Can be helpful to…

• Take a deep breath before responding • Repeat back what they said to make sure you understand

Your feelings are VALID!

Ask yourself…

“That’s hard for me to hear, but I understand that you already have a date.”

• What emotions do I feel? • Why am I feeling this way?

“It sounds like you need more time to feel comfortable. Thank you for letting me know.”

• Who can I talk to for support?

AFFIRM

Accept their decision Feel your Feelings Increase self-care

Accept their decision Feel your We might naturally think… Feelings “They must hate me.” Increase self-care Reframe

For example: • Go for a walk • Listen to music • Meditate or read

• Do something you enjoy (painting, cooking, sports)

• Talk to someone you trust • Reach out to a counselor • Call a hotline

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AFFIRM

Accept their decision Feel your Feelings Increase self-care Instead, try thinking… “They must trust me enough to be honest with me.” Reframe

Accept their decision Ask yourself… Feel your Feelings Increase self-care Reframe Move forward

We might naturally think…

• Did I make them feel uncomfortable? If so, what can I do to make it right?

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“They must hate me.”

• What could I do differently in the future? • Who can I talk to for support? • What am I proud of myself for?

Your Turn!

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In this final round…

practice having a respectful and mature conversation with a partner

practice having a respectful and mature conversation with a partner …then Partner A will use the AFFIRM model to respond in a kind, healthy way

Decide who will be Partner A

…and who will be Partner B

First, Partner B will use the Be FIRM model to stand up for their boundaries…

Pair Scenario #1 – Be FIRM

Pair Scenario #1 – AFFIRM

You’re working on a school project in your bedroom when your crush texts you. You have been flirting back and forth for the last few months and you really like them. Feeling excited, you text back. After talking for a while, they ask you to send a sexy picture of yourself without clothes on. You are worried about the consequences of sharing nudes. Use the Be FIRM model to talk to them about why you are uncomfortable.

Lately, you’ve been thinking a lot about a classmate.

The two of you have been flirting at school and recently exchanged numbers. While texting them one night, they seem really into you. You want to be more than friends, so you ask them to send a sexy picture – you’ve heard other people do this too. But then they write back, “Are you serious? No way!” You immediately feel sick to your stomach, and you don’t know what to do. Use the AFFIRM model to practice a respectful response that accepts their decision and moves forward in a healthy way.

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Laws About Sexual Images

Child Sexual Abuse Material (Federal)

Cyber Exploitation (California)

(anyone under 18 years old)

TAKE IT DOWN (Federal)

posting nude or sexual images of someone online without their consent, including “deepfakes” www.takeitdown.ncmec.org

sharing sexual images of another person without their consent, resulting in emotional distress

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creating, viewing, or sharing nude or sexual images of a minor

Sextortion (California)

threatening to share or expose nude or sexual images in order to get someone to do something www.takeitdown.ncmec.org

Pair Scenario #2

Pair Scenario #2 – Be FIRM You recently learned the term asexual, and you now realize that it fits how you’ve always felt. You’ve been dating your partner for 6 months now and really like them. However, you’re not sure how they will feel about you not being interested in sex. You’re worried that they may want to break up with you. Use the Be FIRM model to have an honest conversation with your partner.

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Switch roles

to practice the other model with scenario #2… You are now Partner B…

and you are now Partner A

Pair Scenario #2 – AFFIRM

Remember…

You have been with your partner for several months,

We are constantly evolving and learning about ourselves…

and thought you were getting close to having sex with them for the first time. But then they came out

to you as asexual and explained that they’re not interested in sex. You are disappointed, but still want

• Relationships will inevitably experience change • Being kind means being honest, advocating for our needs, and setting boundaries that align with our values and goals

to be with them. Use the AFFIRM model to express your feelings to your partner, accepting what they

• These conversations may be uncomfortable or challenging at first, but can become easier over time with practice

shared and considering how to best move forward in the relationship.

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What Would You Say?

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What Would You Say?

Practice responding to situations that involve social pressure by writing realistic “comebacks”

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What Would You Say?

Lesson 11 Wrap-Up

Let’s Review!

Do you think it would be easier to respond digitally or IRL? Why? (via text)

• What is the Be FIRM model? Which steps are optional? • How can we know whether to act now or later? • What are some kind ways to turn someone down?

(face to face)

Looking Forward Next class…

Review & Wrap-Up • Reflect on personal goals for the future and how the information from Teen Talk can help reach those goals • Play a review game! • Take the Exit Survey

Self-Care Ideas:

Play a board game with a friend or sibling Create a comic strip Go swimming Watch your favorite show or movie

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Welcome Question

What is one of your dreams for your future?

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Welcome to Teen Talk

Lesson 12: Review and Wrap-Up

Group Norms

Calming Strategies

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1. Respect

me sip soter a w

2. Communication 3. Curiosity

p ut y h ea d our dow n

breathe in

dle doo w d r ra o

5-4-3 -2 meth -1 od

breathe out

4. Privacy

5. Well-being

Agenda

Let’s Talk (Interview HW) Take out your homework!

Opening Routine

❑ Let’s Talk Wrap-Up

❑ Intro to Goal Setting ❑ Mapping My Future

❑ Teen Talk Jeopardy!

All Talks (#1-4) are due today!

❑ Exit Survey

(with reflections & signatures)

❑ Course Wrap-Up

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Let’s Talk

How did your interview go?

Would anyone like to share anything about their interview experience?

It was easy, interesting, fun, or funny

It was a little awkward, but not as bad as anticipated

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Let’s Talk

It was very awkward, embarrassing, or uncomfortable

Welcome Question

Values and Goals

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What is one of your dreams for your future?

When we set goals that align with our values, we are more self-motivated to achieve them.

• You have the power to decide what you prioritize and how you will reach your goals!

Our decisions have the potential to move us closer to or further away from our goals…

• Once you clarify what you want, it’s much easier to break down the steps of how to get there…

SMART Goals Specific

Measurable Achievable Relevant Time-based

SMART Goals Specific

SMART is a common and practical strategy strategy to people set realistic goals and identify a plan to achieve them

Define your goal in detail using simple action words. For example: Complete and submit three college applications.

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SMART Goals Measurable

Specific

Determine how you will measure success or prove that you achieved the goal.

Measurable Achievable

For example: Finish each application, request recommendation letters, and submit all required materials.

Set realistic goals that challenge you but are still possible to accomplish. For example: I have already identified colleges I'm interested in and have enough time to work on one application each month.

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Specific

SMART Goals

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Specific

SMART Goals

Measurable Achievable Relevant

Specific

Ensure that your goal is aligned with your values and vision for your future.

Measurable Achievable

For example: Applying to college will help me work toward my career goals after high school.

Relevant Time-based

Set a clear deadline and track your progress along the way. For example: I will complete all applications by December 1 and finish one major application task each week.

SMART Goals Specific

Measurable Achievable Relevant Time-based

Mapping My Future

SMART goal:

“I will complete and submit three college applications, including all required essays and documents, by December 1.”

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Mapping My Future

Mapping My Future • What does sexual health mean to you?

Think about how the info covered in Teen Talk can

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• What kinds of boundaries are important to you in a friendship or relationship?

apply to you personally, now

• Who or where can you turn to for more support or advice in making sexual health and relationship decisions?

or in the future…

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Teen Talk Jeopardy! Let’s play a game of Jeopardy! in teams to review the topics we covered in Teen Talk

Teen Talk Jeopardy!

Speak quietly & keep your answers covered You will not lose points for incorrect answers

Teen Talk Topics

Identities

Birth Control

STIs

100

We explored and learned about:

200

Values and Resources

300

400

500

Consent Wild Card & Safety

Take turns choosing the question for the class

Human Bodies Identities Consent and Intimacy Birth Control Pregnancy Options

STIs and HIV Sexual Violence Prevention Relationships Media and Body Image Communication and Decision-Making Reflection and Self-Care

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Exit Survey

Teen Talk Resources

Answer the questions quietly on your own, and raise your hand when finished ☺

Gender & Sexual Identities

Bodies, Birth Control & STIs

Relationships & Sexual Safety

Pregnancy & Parenting

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MentalHealth Health Mental && Body BodyImage Image

If you don’t know an answer, guess or select “not sure”

Lesson 12 Wrap-Up

Looking Forward

Let’s Review!

Congratulations!

Self-Care Ideas:

• What is something you will remember from Teen Talk?

The information from Teen Talk can help you:

Get some fresh air

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The survey is anonymous and will not be graded!

• What was your favorite part of this course?

• Make informed decisions about

• How could Teen Talk be improved for the future?

• Advocate for yourself and others

your sexual health & relationships

• Get the support you need to

reach your goals for the future

Write a letter to your future self Give someone a hug Volunteer in your community