Green Guyana: Building Resilience to Climate Change by GxMedia

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Email: principal@uemb.edu.gy.�� Website: https://uemb.edu.gy�� Administration office: Critchlow Labour College, front building, Woolford Avenue, Non-Pareil Park, Georgetown, Guyana.

1 [Date]

CONTENTS 3. Terms of Reference of the GREEN Economy Committee 5. Messages 6. 7. 8. 9.

Message from the Honourable Mr. Vickram Bharrat, Minister of Natural Resources Message from The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), Lorena Solórzano Salazar Message from the President, GCCI, Mr Kester Hutson Message from the Chairperson of the Green Economy Committee, Ms Shaleeza Shaw

11. SPECIAL FEATURE

12. A Green Tribute to Vice President Dr Bharrat Jagdeo, A True Son of the Soil, Mr Saju Bhaskar

15. Building Resilience to Climate Change

16. 20. 22. 24.

Insights on Guyana’s Low Carbon Development Strategy 2030 - Permanent Secretary, Mr. Joslyn Mc Kenzie Guyana’s Renewable Energy Leap, Dr Mahender Sharma Responding to the impacts of Climate Change: Mitigating and Building Resilience, Mr Andrew R. Bishop Investing In Guyana’s Natural Wealth, Protected Areas Trust

27. Georgetown Chamber of Commerce & Industry - ECO Bingo 29. Budding Eco-Warriors 30. An Ecologist in the Making, Rabicia Niles 31. A Budding Environmentalist, Vimaldat Bissessar 32. A female Civil Environmental Engineer, Geeta Camacho

33. Green financing perspective 34. 36. 38. 40.

The Opportunity for Green and Sustainable Finance, Financial Institutions have a major role to play, Mr. Simon Thompson ESG and Credit Ratings, Mr. Wayne Dass Powering a Net Zero Banking Alliance, Republic Bank GBTI Green Loan - Because We Care about the Environment

41. Climate smart agriculture

42. 44. 48. 50. 52. 54.

Satellite-Based Precision Agriculture: Improving Crop Yields and Reducing Environmental Impact, Dr. Haimwant Persaud Narei’s Vision for Shadehouse Cultivation, Dr Raghunath ‘Kerri’Chandranauth Guyana Rice Development Board taking Steps to Green the Rice Industry, Dr. Mahendra Persaud Maintaining Sustainability in Guyana’s Forestry Sector, Ms. Indera Hoorilall Guyana Sugar Corporation Limited– Instituting Measures to Preserve the Environment, Mr. Vijay Gobardhan Providing a Green Fertilizer Solution, A & S Enterprise

55. GCCI’S WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY 2022 59. REDUCING SOLID WASTE 60. 61. 62. 63.

Leading the way in Upcycling, Ms. Christine De Cambra - Everything makes Craft Creating Wooden Pallet Furniture, Mr. Clairmont Caleb Converting Solid Waste to Beautiful Gifts, Ms. Mena Chetty Seaglass and Shell Craft, Mr Frankie Limerick

65. Chamber Members - Environmental Stewards 66. 68. 70. 71. 72. 74. 75. 76.

Green Mining Practices, Excel Guyana Being True to their Environmental Commitments, Dunae Trading Company Inc. The Future of Development: Building with the Environment in Mind, E & A Consultants Inc. Leading the Way in Sustainable Management, SBM Offshore The Future of Decarbonization: ESG and Growing Businesses, Cerulean Inc. Supporting Sustainable Forest Management Practices, Barama Company Limited Towards a Sustainable Security Industry, Professional Guard Services Inc. Trail Blazing Renewable Energy and other Sustainable Solutions, Farfan and Mendes

79. Green Economy Committee Members 80. TIPS TO GREEN YOUR BUSINESS

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TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE GREEN ECONOMY COMMITTEE

Our Profile, Mission and Terms of Reference of our Green Economy Committee Chamber Profile

Mission

The GCCI is the oldest private sector representative organization in Guyana (established in 1889) and is a member-driven and professionally staffed non-profit association of business people committed to improving the economic climate and quality of life in Guyana. We are legislatively mandated under the Georgetown Chamber of Commerce and Industry Act Chapter 89:03 of the laws of Guyana.

The GCCI represents the voice of the business community in Guyana and strives to advocate policies, stimulate trade and investment, connect businesses, sustain economic growth and expand member opportunities with the aim of contributing to a stable and sustainable economic and social environment in Guyana where businesses can prosper.

The Chamber’s strength lies in the size and diversity of its membership—both large and small businesses from virtually every sector are represented. GREEN ECONOMY COMMITTEE Terms of Reference • To assist in reducing environmental risks within the business community and to aim for sustainable development without disregarding the environment. • To assist in the development of environmental best practices and green business tools. • To empower Chamber members and the local business community to become environmentally aware by providing information and methods that are in accordance with sustainable ecological practices. • To suggest programs and recommend policy and legislation amendments that contribute to sustainability, and to interface with other sectorial bodies to foster environmental awareness and further common goals.

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DIAMOND SPONSOR

GOLD SPONSOR

INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (IDB)

MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES

We work to improve lives in Latin America and the Caribbean. Through financial and technical support for countries working to reduce poverty and inequality, we help improve health and education, and advance infrastructure. Our aim is to achieve development in a sustainable, climate-friendly way. With a history dating back to 1959, today we are the leading source of development financing for Latin America and the Caribbean. We provide loans, grants, and technical assistance; and we conduct extensive research. We maintain a strong commitment to achieving measurable results and the highest standards of integrity, transparency, and accountability.

The Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) as it is known was established on December 17, 2011 as the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment (MNRE) with a primary focus of harmonizing policy and management in the Natural resourcesbased sectors. However, following the appointment of the new Government in May 2015, the institutional structure of the MNRE changed and it became a Department of Natural Resources and Environment under the purview of the Ministry of Presidency. A second change occurred on January 18, 2016 which saw the Department of Natural Resources and the Environment transformed to into the Ministry of Natural Resources.

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MESSAGE FROM THE HONOURABLE MR VICKRAM BHARRAT, MINISTER OF NATURAL RESOURCES Climate change is a threat to human well-being and the health of the planet. It requires urgent and far-reaching actions and fundamental changes in all aspects of human life to increase people’s and nature’s ability to cope with, and respond to, climate change. The decisions taken at the UN Climate Change Conference COP27 in Sharm el-Sheikh in November 2022, require all countries to make an extra effort to address the climate crisis. The key takeaways from the conference, will see countries like Guyana working to shape the priorities for climate action in 2023 and beyond. These include (1) establishing a dedicated fund for loss and damage, (2) maintaining a clear intention to keep 1.5°C within reach, (3) holding businesses and institutions to account, (4) mobilizing more financial support for developing countries and (5) making the pivot toward implementation. The Government of Guyana is cognizant of the fact that building climate resilience involves all actors (governments, communities and businesses), learning and working together to identify climate risks and hazards, absorb shocks and stresses, and reshape and transform development pathways in the longer term. As One Guyana, we are determined to do our part in addressing the climate change issues facing the planet. Guyana remains committed and has taken bold steps (through strong and transformative policies) to show significant progress as we fulfill our international obligations. In October 2021, His Excellency the President of Guyana Dr. Mohamed Irfaan Ali launched the updated and expanded Low Carbon Development Strategy LCDS 2030 (aligning national strategies with our international commitments). The LCDS 2030 seeks to (i) integrate Guyana’s forest climate services with emerging global carbon markets; (ii) support Guyana’s economic transformation through cleaner, cheaper energy; (iii) invest in adaptation to climate change and building resilience and (iv) contribute to the global effort to address climate change and biodiversity loss through the responsible management of natural resources as integration with carbon markets advances, and the oil and gas sector. These goals align with global priorities needed to support resilience to climate change. The result will transform Guyana’s economy whilst combating climate change. The strategies of the Ministry of Natural Resources for the natural resources sector are aligned towards supporting this by focusing on interrelationships and trends in the development of natural resources sectors, new emerging sectors (such as oil and

gas), changes in environmental and social conditions due to such development, and possible alternative development and conservation scenarios. The result will transform Guyana’s economy whilst combating climate change. Guyana is amongst the ‘greenest’ countries in the world. With the world’s second highest percentage of rainforest cover (85%), Guyana commands globally important carbon stocks (19.5 GtCO2eq). As one of only a handful of countries that are net carbon sinks, Guyana’s forests sequester more carbon than the nation’s human activities generate. It is clear to us, that protecting and restoring ecosystems on land is a key element for success in building resilience to climate change. The LCDS 2030 provides clear guidance on robust measures that support forest climate services and other ecosystem services inclusive of sustainable forest management, including forest monitoring and enforcement, integrated planning and management of the mining and forest sectors, land reclamation and reforestation. Progress towards the LCDS 2030 goals and there are clear implementation success stories. One such is the world’s first sale of jurisdiction-scale carbon credits for Guyana’s forest climate services – with Hess Corporation committing to purchase 37.5 million ART-TREES credits. The agreement will generate a minimum of US$750 million for Guyana over the coming decade and represents a major milestone on the journey towards a vision first set out in 2007. A sustainable natural resources sector in support of climate resilience sees the Government and the Ministry of Natural Resources developing an oil and gas sector that plays a crucial role in the road to Net-Zero and the energy transition. This supports the Dr. Mohamed Irfaan Ali-led government’s intentions to implement a strategy of decoupling economic growth from using fossil fuels for electricity by developing low-carbon energy resources (solar, hydro, wind, biomass, and natural gas) to meet rapidly rising demand and keep greenhouse gas emissions low. Guyana is on track to have 70 percent of its power supplied through clean and renewable sources of energy by 2030. The government of Guyana has clear adaptation and mitigation measures that support the development of Guyana under the key tenets in Guyana’s Low-Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS) 2030 – our nation’s low-carbon blueprint. The Ministry of Natural Resources will continue its focus and plans for sustainable natural resources management throughout the decade of sustainable development (to 2030) as outlined in the Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS) 2030. Hon. Vickram Bharrat Minister of Natural Resources

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MESSAGE FROM THE INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (IDB) The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) firstly congratulates the Georgetown Chamber of Commerce and Industry (GCCI) on release of this second edition of ‘Green Guyana’ Magazine, especially for its theme on ‘Building Resilience to Climate Change’.

In Guyana, the main areas that IDB Invest is supporting are: food security and climate action, the logistics sector increasing the country’s capacity to handle cargo, and expanding lending to the private sector through special facilities for commercial banks. IDB Invest has also provided significant advisory services in the form of feasibility studies for solar PV, energy audits, supporting green building certifications, and strengthening the capacity of new and existing clients with project implementation. IDB Invest has grown significantly in Guyana in 2020-2023, approving six (6) new loans for a total of US$55 million for the first time since 2009.

Guyana is unique in that it is has a long history of supporting environmental sustainability and is currently at the forefront of policy development in this field. Guyana has been able to leverage its natural resources in favor of its public finances, both with the REDD+ agreement with Norway, and more recently with the world’s first issuance of Forestry TREES carbon credits to Guyana, which the government has already been able to monetize. It is admirable how the private sector has also embraced environmental sustainability and recognizes its role as underscored by this magazine’s theme.

IDB Lab, the IDB Group’s innovation laboratory supports projects benefitting vulnerable populations and environmental sustainability. The main areas of support include financial inclusion projects targeting women entrepreneurs across Guyana support women’s business growth, agriculture, and natural capital, which focuses on protecting environmental resources such as mangroves while supporting the livelihoods of local communities, education focusing on remedial learning in Math, English, and Science for low-income and vulnerable children across Guyana, introducing them to technology. IDB lab also supports projects providing essential infrastructure services, health. In 2022, IDB Lab approved a project Securing the Future of the Barima Mora Passage Mangrove Ecosystems and its Peoples which works with indigenous people and migrants in the development of new green livelihoods while building awareness of the importance of mangroves. Initiatives like these build on traditional indigenous knowledge whilst also incorporating modern technology to foster resiliency to climate change.

As a longstanding partner of Guyana’s development objectives, the IDB stands ready to continue supporting both the government and the private sector develop climate resilient projects for sustainable development. For the private sector, IDB Invest and IDB Lab have environmental and social sustainability as a core value, supporting climate-smart agriculture, financing resilient infrastructure, and supporting gender equity in access to finance. IDB Invest supports operations that can sustain economic, social and environmental performance over time, for the benefit of the company, its investors and communities.

Lorena Solórzano Salazar Representative in Guyana Inter-American Development Bank Group (IDB Group)

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MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT, GCCI MR. KESTER HUTSON I

am thrilled to announce the launch of the second edition of our Green Magazine. As we continue to navigate the ever-evolving landscape of business and sustainability, it is more important than ever to have a platform where we can share our insights and perspectives on the latest developments in green business.

At the Georgetown Chamber of Commerce and Industry (GCCI), we are dedicated to promoting sustainable business practices that not only benefit the environment but also drive economic growth and innovation. Through our Green Magazine, we hope to inspire and inform our readers on the most pressing issues facing the green economy today. In this edition, we will feature a diverse range of articles and interviews, that explore topics such as renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, circular economy, and eco-friendly manufacturing. We will also highlight the latest trends and innovations in green technology and showcase the remarkable work being done by our members in the field of sustainability. As we continue to navigate the challenges posed by climate change, it is more important than ever that we work together to build a sustainable green Guyana.

As we enter an age of rapid development in the nation’s economy because of the oil and gas sector, The Chamber is also proud to see that the government continues to support the growth of sustainable agriculture and forestry practices that reduce carbon emissions and protect our valuable natural resources. In addition, the Chamber, through its Green Committee continues to work tirelessly to promote awareness and education around the importance of sustainability and environmental responsibility. We believe that by engaging and educating our members and business community, we can build a more sustainable future for generations to come. I want to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to all those who have contributed to the making of this magazine, including our writers, editors, designers, and advertisers. I am also grateful to our members and partners who have supported us in our mission to promote sustainable business practices and make a positive impact on the world. I encourage you to take the time to read this edition of the Green Magazine and share your feedback with us. Together, we can continue to lead the way in building a greener, more sustainable future for ourselves and generations to come. Mr. Kester Hutson President, GCCI.

Through partnership the government and other key stakeholders, have been able to promote the development of renewable energy sources such as hydro, solar, and wind power. The International Development Bank (IDB) has been supporting the Government of Guyana to develop the energy sector through financing of several renewable energy activities. Building on this, Guyana is set to make a transformational leap towards decarbonization by expediting climate-resilient renewable energy in the electricity generation matrix. We as a private sector anticipate that by 2025, in line with Guyana’s Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS), more than two hundred and sixty-five thousand customers within the Demerara-Berbice Interconnected System and Linden and Essequibo systems will benefit from reinforced reliability of electricity supply and modernization of systems.

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MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRPERSON

OF THE GREEN ECONOMY COMMITTEE - MS. SHALEEZA SHAW

Emitters” by 2030.

The words “Climate Change” is not an abstract concept. It is real and impacting and affecting the way we live. We can no longer spare indifference to it. Climate Change and its risk of rising temperatures has been and continues to be the subject of much research and geopolitical concern as all countries aim towards becoming “Net Zero

On the global scene, climate change has created much havoc for many countries including the Caribbean Region. Guyana was not spared of its share of impact from Climate Change particularly in the last two years. In 2021, Guyana was severely impacted by floods with new areas around the country being inundated and notable damage to infrastructure and biodiversity. The agriculture sector was also highly impaired by the floods and many suffered from loss of income, food security and socio-economic disparity for many weeks. The resultant focus at Cop 27 held in Egypt in November 2022 as adumbrated by its theme “Together for Implementation” was the recognition for ongoing concerted collective action particularly in the areas of food security, vulnerable communities and just transition. The provision of finance, resources and tools to effectively deliver climate action at a scale that builds our resilience were also key deliberations at Cop 27 with pronounced charges to highly developed nations. With environmental risks still on the horizon and unabated, the Chamber’s second edition of its “Green Guyana” magazine seeks to share articles which aim at building our resilience to Climate Change. The magazine kicks off with a tribute to our Honourable Vice President, Dr. Bharrat Jagdeo, who in 2008 was named by Time Magazine as one of their “Heroes of the Environment.” In 2010, following his promulgation of the Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS) for Guyana in 2009, he was bestowed with the “Champion of the Earth” award by the United Nations. The magazine moves on to give an insight into the revised LCDS 2030 which provides a broad outlook of the strategies being employed by Government to build out our country’s resilience to Climate Change, along with massive development plans in supporting articles.

The need to address food security and socio-economic wellbeing are borne out by articles covering “Green Financing” and “Climate Smart Agriculture” which emphasize greater private sector involvement and collaborative work with the public sector and agricultural stakeholders. This is on the backdrop that studies indicate that in excess of $6 trillion per year for the next 20 years is required for green financing, with over 70% expected to come from the private sector, primarily from financial institutions. In the agriculture sector, the shift towards reduced use of chemicals and transitioning to use of bio-fertilizers and pesticides is also captured. A segment of the magazine is dedicated to “Eco Warriors.” With Guyana’s investment in key extractive sectors such as oil and gas, mining, forestry and agriculture; and creating new green occupations in priority areas including renewable energy, nature and eco-tourism and ecosystems services, greening our labour market is critical as we need to develop skills for green jobs. Reduction of solid waste remains in focus in our second edition as we share actions being taken by many to recycle and upcycle waste, and simultaneously earn an income. Our own membership have been making strong strides in greening their businesses and this edition of the magazine has again sought to showcase our very own environmental stewards. As per the Natural Resource Fund Act of 2021, an “inclusive green economy” is an economy that improves the human wellbeing and builds social equity while reducing environmental risks and scarcities. I have no doubt that the publication of our second edition of the “Green Guyana,” magazine is a manifestation of the commitment of the Chamber’s membership to doing its part to help realize the noble objectives of the Natural Resource Fund Act of 2021. I also wish to impart that the intergenerational transfer of our country’s natural resources is incumbent on each of us. While we cannot dispose of climate change, we can each do our part to mitigate its impact. The concrete actions of many diverse stakeholders to build our resilience to climate change continue to inspire the work of the Green Economy Committee of the Georgetown Chamber of Commerce. Shaleeza Shaw Chairperson of Green Economy Committee

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A GREEN TRIBUTE TO VICE PRESIDENT DR. BHARRAT JAGDEO, A TRUE SON OF THE SOIL Guyana’s Vice-President Dr Bharrat Jagdeo is spearheading the new oil-driven economy of the country, walking a fine line between oil production and carbon neutrality. E n v i r o n m e n t sustainability is an inherent part of governance for this Guyanese leader, who presided over the country’s unprecedented economic and social reforms, and is leading global initiatives to build a sustainable future. Dr Jagdeo is acclaimed for his enterprising leadership in combating climate change as much as strengthening the economic institutions of Guyana and enhancing social well-being of the Guyanese populace. However, it may appear that oil production initiatives may interfere with Guyana’s emission reduction goals. But Dr Jagdeo has assured all that the Government will address the country’s economic and welfare needs through its energy resources, but in consonance with its principles of sustainability. The oil revenue can be used to promote the green economy, said the leader whose country is committed to net zero emissions target by 2050. In one of the most recent developments, Guyana has made giant strides towards securing its vast swathes of forest and supporting its indigenous peoples, the Amerindians, and has taken several steps closer to strengthening the cause of the climate action plan. In December 2022, in an historic deal, US-based Hess Corporation has agreed to buy $750 million worth carbon credits from Guyana over the next decade – at the rate of 2.5 million carbon credits annually from 2016 to 2030. This deal will have global resonance, said Dr Jagdeo. Signed within the framework of UN’s REDD+ (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation), Guyana has marked a milestone by receiving from the Architecture for REDD+ Transactions (ART) the world’s first TREES credits especially created for the voluntary and compliance carbon markets. ART is a global voluntary initiative that rewards governments for proactively reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.

The reward for Guyana’s monumental exercise to prevent forest loss and safeguarding existing forests will be shared among its indigenous Amerindians. About 15 per cent of the carbon credit proceeds will be earmarked for the welfare of Amerindians, who have strengthened the hands of the government in the preservation of the environment. “Where the world is trying to get to by 2050, we are already there,” Dr Jagdeo had said in October 2021, and he vociferously vouched for this as Guyana’s dense forests serve as a “carbon sink”. President Dr Irfaan Ali has echoed Dr Jagdeo’s views by saying: “Though we recently became an oil producer, we support the removal of subsidies from fossil fuel production and advocate a strong global carbon price.” A global advocate for action against climate change, Dr Jagdeo was the driving force behind the formulation of Guyana’s Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS) which aims at promoting national progress by travelling the low carbon path. Today, it serves as a model for the world to address climate change and make a shift to low carbon development through efficient use of resources, energy efficient technologies and trade incentives for clean energy products. Setting out his vision, Dr Jagdeo said: “We want to be part of a global coalition that stimulates innovation and creativity to enable us to leapfrog over the high-carbon development path that today’s business-as-usual trajectory suggests we must follow… As part of our commitment, I believe that the people of this country might be willing to deploy almost our entire rainforest – which is larger than England – in the service of the world’s battle against climate change… providing this does not damage their legitimate development aspirations or impact on their sovereignty over our forest.” However, Dr Jagdeo has struck a balance between the country’s prosperity and its responsibility towards sustainability by enabling a revision of LCDS that speaks about the government’s aim to meet global climate change commitments while employing its carbon strengths for development. While determined to not lose sight of sustainability goals, Guyana’s revised Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS 2030) aims at securing the country against the impact of climate change, creation of a low-carbon economy, and a pledge to set aside investment to help the country’s people’s dependent on Guyana’s forests for their livelihood. The LCDS 2030 is viewed as the vessel to transition Guyana from use of fossil fuel and towards use of diverse renewable

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forms of energy including solar, wind and a gas to energy project. The revised released LCDS sees Dr Jagdeo synergising with dexterity a bright future that his country must not be deprived of and a global responsibility that will define Guyana’s tenacious stand on sustainability. Perhaps, his long and illustrious political career and the ardent Green Champion in him will be able to overcome this challenge, steer the middle course and set an example. Dr Jagdeo has occupied offices of eminence in his homeland Guyana. At age 36, he was one of the youngest heads of state in the world. Guyana has witnessed strong economic growth outperforming nations of the region under his leadership, with access to education, infrastructure, health care, agriculture, forestry, housing, mining and so many other areas increasing by leaps and bounds.

in the administration of President Dr Mohamed Irfaan Ali. Dr Jagdeo served as Chairman of the Board of Governors of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank Group from September 2005 until September 2006. Born in Unity Village in Demerara-Mahaica, in the then British Guiana in 1964 to Indian parents, Dr Jagdeo demonstrated political inclinations when he was barely a teenager. He joined the youth wing of the People’s Progressive Party (PPP), the Progressive Youth Organisation, when he was just 13 years old, and became a member of the PPP at the age of 16 after which he assumed local leadership positions in the party before rising to occupy some of the highest offices of the state.

Mr Saju Bhaskar Founder and President Texila American University

Dr Jagdeo was thrice President of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana – in 1999 and 2001, and re-elected in 2006. When the People’s Progressive Party/Civic returned to power in 2020, Dr Jagdeo was sworn in as a Vice President

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INSIGHTS ON GUYANA’S LOW CARBON

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2030, PERMANENT SECRETARY, MR JOSLYN MC KENZIE

Pioneering Climate Action whilst Protecting Forest, Biodiversity and Watersheds Accelerating Clean Energy and Resilient Climate Adaptation Systems In 2009, Guyana launched the first Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS) from a developing country, setting out a vision for inclusive, sustainable development, while simultaneously maintaining the country’s forests, about 85% of the country’s territory, to help meet some of the most urgent challenges the world faces. Guyana has earned over the period 2010 to 2015, a sum of US$220M from payments for ecosystem services that have since been invested into renewable energy, climate adaptation, land tenure, and sustainable likelihood programmes. These payments have resulted in creating over 4,000 new jobs, protected communities against flooding,

supported over 180 Indigenous Villages in a wide range of sustainable livelihood programmes, among other tangible impacts.

Guyana has maintained the second highest percentage of forest cover on earth, with more than 99.5 of the forest’s 18 million hectares remaining. Deforestation rates are among the lowest in the world and Guyana is one of only four countries in the world (and one of only two in the Amazon Basin) verified to have sustained a High Forest Low Deforestation (HFLD)

state. Guyana is one of four countries which host the Guiana Shield, one of the most pristine rainforest landscapes in the world. The Guiana Shield stores around 18% of the world’s tropical forest carbon and 20% of the world’s fresh water. The country has extremely high levels of biological diversity and endemism.

Since the launch of the first LCDS in 2009, the country has gained a greater understanding of the outsized contribution that Guyana’s ecosystems make to the world’s health and economy, as well as its role as one of the world’s most important countries for biodiversity conservation:

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The LCDS 2030 sets out how to accelerate the achievement of four objectives.

1. Creating a New Low Carbon Economy LCDS 2030 will create a new low carbon economy in Guyana - by establishing incentives which value the world’s ecosystem services, and promoting these an essential component of a new model of global development with sustainability at its core. In Guyana’s case, harnessing the value of the country’s ecosystem services can build a long-term, low-carbon diversification opportunity. Watershed Protection: LCDS 2030 will seek to maximize Hydrological benefits - Controlling the timing and volume of water flows and protecting water quality; reduced

sedimentation: avoiding damage to downstream reservoirs and waterways and so safeguarding uses such as hydroelectric power generation, irrigation, recreation, fisheries, and domestic water uses. Biodiversity Conservation/Protection: Support will be given to the development of a framework for leveraging Guyana’s rich biodiversity and natural capital for social, economic, and environmental development in a low-carbon development trajectory.

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LCDS 2030 presents a comprehensive development blueprint on advancing a low carbon economy in Guyana, for every sector and stakeholder group, including Government, civil society, students, and the private sector. From the perspective of the private sector, LCDS 2030 outlines the priority areas for development in the next decade, and presents the low carbon opportunities that will be put in place, in some cases, further advanced, including in the areas of clean energy, expansion in climate resilient agriculture, creating new industries in the ocean economy, ICT development, expanding micro and small enterprise business opportunities for village and communities, to name a few. Some of these opportunities are described in more detail below. 2. Stimulating Future Growth: Clean Energy and Low Carbon Development

fuels. Using natural gas as a bridge away from heavy fuel oil (HFO), followed by the Amaila Falls Hydropower Project by 2027, Guyana will see a massive expansion of renewable energy across the country. Energy use can increase five-fold with greenhouse gas emissions staying approximately flat – one of the world’s highest levels of decoupling of economic growth and fossil fuel use for energy. LCDS 2030 outlines the pathway to shift from almost total dependence on HFO will be eliminated, while Figure One illustrates how renewable energy will grow to dominate Guyana’s electricity supply. The figure shows how a tenfold increase in electricity demand will see greenhouse gas emissions essentially stay at 2018 levels.

Guyana has some of the highest electricity rates in the Americas and is about 97% dependent on imported fossil

Greenhouse Gas Emissions to 2041

3. Protecting against climate change and biodiversity loss

LCDS 2030 prioritizes the advancement of future low carbon growth that will involve traditional sectors as well as new sectors.

In the past, Guyana has faced devastating effects of climate related impacts, including flooding and droughts. As a main objective, LCDS 2030 will advance climate resilience for livelihoods and the economy as a whole. The LCDS 2030 will seek to: - Strengthen Sea and River Defense Systems - Improve Flood Control and Water Management (Drainage/ Kokers) - Address Drought Prevention (including in Hinterland Regions) - Implement Climate Smart Initiatives - Strengthen Institutions such as the NDIA, Sea Defence, Hydrometerological Department, etc. - Improve response capability for climate events

The main areas of stimulating low carbon growth include: - Expansion of agriculture - Further development of the hospitality industry - Expansion of the ICT Sector - Strengthening and expansion of Added Value and Manufacturing Capabilities - Further development of tourism potential - Development of Health and Education Sector in Low Carbon areas

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

4. Aligning with global climate and biodiversity goals LCDS 2030 will foster greater alignment with Guyana’s existing and new collaboration and commitments with regional, multilateral, and international climate goals. These include the UNFCCC, the UN SDG and UN: Net Zero by 2050. In advancing Guyana’s role under the UNFCCC, Guyana recognizes that the long-term future of forest carbon markets is expected to be underpinned through the UNFCCC’s rules and corresponding international agreements. Towards this end, progress on REDD+ was made at, and since, the Paris Climate Agreement, which was finalised in 2015. In 2021, at the Glasgow Conference of the Parties (COP26) of the UNFCCC, Guyana joined with other forest countries and the international community to pursue the enshrinement of a workable market mechanism within the UNFCCC. As a bridge to a long-term mechanism, Guyana is advancing steps to access market-based mechanism for forest carbon through integration with (i) existing or new compliance markets; (ii) high-quality voluntary markets. Specifically, Guyana’s significant progress on building a world-leading MRVS, coupled with the recent emergence of a large voluntary market with demand supported by sovereign governments, means that from early 2022, there is a strong possibility that Guyana’s sale of forest climate services can be structured around highquality voluntary markets that include private, as well as international public sector financing. Whether Guyana pursues such initiatives will be done in accordance with all UNFCCC standards. Integrating New and Emerging Sector within Guyana’s Low Carbon Development Since the first LCDS was published, oil and gas have been discovered off Guyana’s coast. Guyana has and will continue to carefully and strategically position itself as part of the oil and

gas industry whilst there is still a market. In so doing, Guyana will use revenues from this sector to support the diversification of the economy, to foster the move to low carbon development, and much needed actions on adaptation and mitigation of the effects of climate on Guyana and its people. Importantly, development also need be advanced in the health care and education sectors. This carefully thought out approach, will see a shoring up of Guyana’s climate resilience capacity and an improved capability to deliver on the development needs of its people. In line with the Paris Climate Agreement, there will be continued use of progressively lower carbon oil and gas for decades to come, and Guyana will participate in this market to maximize the benefit to the Guyanese people, including in the health and education sectors, and raising per capita GDP whilst simultaneously moving to clean and renewable resources for local consumption. At the same time, Guyana will mandate the use of best technology in the Oil and Gas sector to limit its environmental impact. As part of the global transition, the Government supports a strong global carbon price and removal of subsidies on fossil fuel – to incentivise the lowest carbon, most cost-effective oil and gas in the global marketplace. Guyana’s Leadership on Climate and Forests For many years, Guyana has been recognized for its global leadership on climate and forests. Guyana has focused on harnessing imagination, innovation and hard work to align the legitimate development aspirations of its people with the global challenge of climate change. LCDS 2030 is a blueprint for development in Guyana, including at the private sector, and advancing development whilst securing and maintaining the commitment to forests and climate action.

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

GUYANA’S RENEWABLE ENERGY LEAP DR. MAHENDER SHARMA

Guyana’s strategic low carbon approach will ensure investments in clean and renewable energy to stimulate future growth while providing affordable, stable and reliable energy to benefit both households and businesses towards the achievement of a 59% renewable energy share by 2030. Our sustainable energy transition will advance an energy mix of hydropower, natural gas, solar and wind, leading to more than 500MW of new capacity to meet the anticipated tripling in electricity demand.

With support from UNDP, solar PV installations totalling 9.48 kilowatts were completed in the third quarter of 2022 at Quebenang Health Centre, Region 7, Kamwatta Primary School, Region 1, and Sand Creek Primary School, Region 9. With support from the International Solar Alliance, the installation of a 9 kilowatt grid-tie solar PV system and a 37 kilowatt-hour battery energy storage system at the Orealla Health Centre was completed in the third quarter of 2022.

Ultimately, these plans will decouple economic growth from using fossil fuels for electricity by developing low-carbon energy resources to meet rapidly rising demand and keep greenhouse gas emissions low. Completed Projects Building on the experience of the 400 kilowatts Solar PV Farm at Mabaruma, Region 1 completed in 2020, a 1 megawatt solar PV Farm at Lethem, Region 9 was commissioned in August 2022 under the IDB funded Energy Matrix Diversification Programme. Also, the installations of solar PV systems are ongoing to power ICT Hubs in over one hundred and eighty (180) Hinterland communities are being advanced. Over the last 10 years, more than 8 MW of grid-connected and off-grid solar installations would have been installed at 442 locations across the country.

The government continues to direct efforts to invest in solar systems for off-grid areas, expand the Hinterland Electrification Programme and develop micro grids for large hinterland villages. Nine (9) solar-powered mini-grids were installed at Yarakita and Hotoquai, Region 1, Akawini, Bethany and Kabakaburi, Region 2, Chinoweng and Phillipai, Region 7, Monkey Mountain, Region 8 and Achiwib, Region 9. Nine (9) Solar photovoltaic systems were installed in Region 1 in 2022 at the Arakaka Health Centre, Mabaruma Radio Station, Barima Kariabo Health Centre, Arakaka Primary School, Wauna Primary School, Red Hill Health Post, Santa Rosa Secondary School, Hobodiah Health Post and Moruca Health Centre.

In keeping with the country’s Low Carbon Development Strategy, Government’s programmes between 2021 and 2022 would complete the installation of solar farms at Lethem and Bartica, 28 solar mini-grids, and 29 off-grid locations, totalling 3.415MW of installed capacity, avoiding 3,542 tons of carbon dioxide per year and benefiting some 52,940 persons. These installations provide direct benefits to students, teachers, health care workers, and to residents accessing those services in the various communities. The integration of renewable energy has resulted in the reduction in the use of fossil fuel and the avoidance of carbon dioxide emissions. The renewable energy projects have been able to demonstrate the practical application of renewable energy technology while raising public awareness. Future Projects The Government recently signed an agreement with IDB to develop solar PV farms in Berbice, Essequibo and Linden, totalling 33 mega-watts using funds from the Guyana REDD+ Investment Fund (GRIF) under the Guyana-Norway Agreement.

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Additionally, a 1.5 megawatts solar PV Farm at Bartica, Region 7, will be commissioned shortly, and a new 0.65 megawatt solar PV Farm will be installed at Mahdia, Region 8 under an IDB Loan-funded Project. Plans are also advancing to establish solar farms at Wakenaam and Leguan. Thirteen (13) solar PV installations totalling 38.7kW will be completed by the end of 2022 at the following locations: Ulele Primary School, Hackney Primary School, Mashabo Health Centre in Region 2; Santa Aratack Nursery/Primary Schools, Santa Aratack Health Centre and Saxacalli Health Centre in Region 3; Karrau Primary School, Batavia Primary School in Region 7; Sand Creek Nursery School and Teacher’s Quarters, Village Office and the Youth Multi-purpose Hall in Region 9; Falmouth Nursery/Primary School in Region 10. Nineteen (19) solar PV mini-grids totalling 601.5kW for public/community buildings are under implementation for the communities of Sebai, Karaburi, Kwebanna, Haimacabra, Baramita and Canal Bank, Region 1; Wakapao, Capoey Mission, St. Monica and Tapakuma, Region 2; Waramadong, Paruima and Jawalla, Region 7; Kurukubaru, Region 8; Annai, Karasabai, Aishalton and Kraudarnau, Region 9; and Riversview, Region 10. Installations are expected to be completed by the end of 2022. Thirty thousand (30,000) solar home systems are being procured with financing from the Government of India/EXIM Bank. These systems will be installed in over 200 Hinterland and riverain communities commencing in 2023. A 150-kilowatt hydropower facility is under implementation at Kato, and this project is expected to be completed in 2023. Hydropower plants at Kumu (1.5 megawatts) and Moco Moco (0.7 megawatts) are being advanced to provide hydroelectricity to Lethem and its environs. The Government welcomes the participation of private businesses in the clean energy transition and sees the private sector as a key partner in financing and developing projects to advance emerging renewable energy and energy efficiency technology. The energy from the sun follows the business cycle thereby making solar a good complement for businesses and a viable opportunity to reduce energy costs and aid in our decarbonization efforts in the energy sector.

GPL is currently testing a feed-in mechanism to compensate consumers for excess energy provided to the grid from their solar installations. Consumers connected to GPL have already been embracing renewable energy opportunities. There are currently 54 consumers connected representing an installed capacity of 1.4 MW. Government of Guyana has Zero-rated the VAT and made fully exempt from Import Duties, the following:

Machinery and equipment for obtaining, generating, and utilizing energy from renewable energy sources, including Solar panels, Solar Lamps, Deep-Cycle Batteries, Solar Generators, Solar Water heaters, Solar Cookers, DC Solar Refrigerators, DC Solar Freezers, DC Solar Air Conditioners, Wind Turbines, Water Turbines, Power Inverters, Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) and Light Emitting Diode (LED) Lamps. As outlined above, the utility is also developing a feed-in mechanism to encourage solar PV grid-connected systems. GEA is also offering technical support and advice in the assessment, design and operation of renewable energy projects. This can be done by emailing us at gea@gea.gov.gy.

Dr. Mahender Sharma Chief Executive Officer Guyana Energy Agency

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

RESPONDING TO THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE: MITIGATING AND BUILDING RESILIENCE, MR ANDREW R. BISHOP, AICP Introduction No one would dispute that the days seem to be getting hotter each passing year; and that there is more intense rainfall and flooding than before. These observations are not unique to Guyana, and are being felt all over the world. These are impacts of global warming and a changing climate on a planetary scale. This has been the conclusion of the United Nations Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change – a team of hundreds of scientists drawn from around the world. The climate change phenomenon Why has this been happening? For millenia, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere had been stable, but in just the last 200 years, it has risen dramatically. This has been due mainly to the increased use and emissions of fossil fuels, starting from the industrial revolution in the developed countries. This has had a greenhouse effect, blanketing the earth and retarding the outward radiation of heat from incoming solar energy hitting the earth surface. Thus, earth’s surface temperatures have been rising slowly but steadily, and with it, there have been changes to the planetary wind systems, and thus, the weather systems. What is the result of all of this? With the warming of the oceans, there has been sea level rise. And weather patterns have been changing all over the earth. Every decade for the last century has been hotter than the previous decade; and every year for the last few years has been hotter than the previous year. This trend is predicted to continue. Weather systems have been disrupted and we are now seeing more extremes - high intensity rainfall, high intensity storms, and more droughts as well. Coastal areas that are low lying, such as Guyana’s, are particularly vulnerable to increased flooding. With agriculture concentrated on these coastlands, flooding from precipitation runoff, marine incursion and saline intrusion are impacting food production and food security, with additional impacts on fresh water contamination and the spread of water borne diseases.

How we can respond to climate change? Measures to fight climate change are of two main types: measures that address the causes – mitigation; and measures that respond to the impacts – adaptation. If the principal cause of the problem is the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, then mitigation has to look at reducing such emissions. A major set of measures belong to the renewable energy basket – developing hydropower, solar energy, wind power, and bio-fuels. Guyana’s low carbon development strategy aims to do precisely this, staging a gradual rollout of an energy mix of all of these solutions. Forests also play a major role in removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and storing the removed carbon in its biomass. This type of solution, referred to as REDD Plus , has been pioneered by Guyana in its initial LCDS strategy. With Guyana’s rate of deforestation among the lowest in the world, allowing Guyana to be a net sink, REDD Plus remains a vital element of the strategy going forward. However, if we look at the trends and predictions in GHG emissions (given pledges made by 195 countries so far) and if we are to take a realistic approach, it would appear that we may not be able avoid serious impacts of climate change, such as were mentioned earlier. We therefore need to adapt to the impacts, and also anticipate and adapt to greater future impacts. In our case here in Guyana, and from a physical standpoint, enhancing sea and river defences remains a priority. One can observe that it is already being heightened, and areas that are only slightly prone to overtopping currently will also have to be reinforced. Allied to this approach is enhanced drainage and conservancy management. The Hope canal has been remarkably effective on the lower east coast (the area of lowest elevation) and works are being planned for other drainage and flood control works. Adaptation also goes beyond physical works. Because agriculture is heavily hit by floods and droughts, climate smart agriculture has been emerging as a response that has economic benefits, as well as ensuring food security and the fight against hunger. In this regard, early warning systems as a response helps in providing adequate time to prepare for adverse effects on agriculture. Also related is weather prediction, particularly humid tropical system dynamics and localized weather forecasting.

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Our responses also need to extend to urban areas. Cities and towns are spatial concentrations of concrete, asphalt and metal, and are well documented as heat islands and the loci of emissions. Cities have also tended to be built on coastal or estuarine areas, which happen to be most exposed to rising sea levels, surges, and tidal influences. Other settlements, particularly squatter types, have tended to be built on hillsides or in flood plains. Urban development controls and settlement planning have key roles to play here. While climate responsive urban planning can be pursued in the medium term, zoning can be implemented in the nearer term, for example, by-laws or ordinances that push habitable construction away from areas that are vulnerable to floods or surges, and requiring the ground floor to be at a prescribed elevation, based on known flood levels.

Finally, one cannot emphasize enough the critical role of education and awareness to promote behavioural and attitudinal change, in the facts surrounding climate change, risks and vulnerabilities. Such initiatives need to target not only citizens but also community leaders, private sector organizations and decision makers. Conclusion It would appear that while we can and we must try to mitigate climate change and bend the curve so to speak, impacts will continue to be felt, and will certainly intensify. We need to continue to implement adaptation measures in all areas of activity - coastal protection, flood control, agriculture, urban planning, to name a few. Climate change is here to stay, and building resilience is a must.

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INVESTING IN GUYANA’S NATURAL WEALTH, PROTECTED AREAS TRUST

Established through the Protected Areas Act of 2011 in 2014, the Protected Areas Trust (PAT) invests in keeping aspects of Guyana’s rich biodiversity secured in the National Protected Area System. The PAT provides co-financing for the management of national protected areas, and thus far has made more than one hundred million ($100M) Guyana dollars available. This role becomes even more important as Guyana gears to significantly increase areas under conservation management, and the PAT has begun efforts to meet this expanded mandate. The Trust is independently governed and administered by a majority non-government Board of Trustees (BoT). Up to nine trustees comprise the BoT, two of whom are nominated by the Government; and one each by the University of Guyana, National Toshaos’ Council, Private Sector Commission, and the Major donors. The other three trustees can be appointed by the BoT acting collectively. The PAT manages a Trust Fund to preserve its capital. The funds are invested globally and the returns used to finance the mandate of the organization. The initial endowment of the Trust was made by the German Development Bank (KfW) and Conservation International’s Global Conservation Fund. Recently, the PAT entered a partnership with the Caribbean Biodiversity Fund (CBF) to access additional resources to fulfil its mandate. Transparency and accountability are among the core guiding principles of the organization and are also key in the Trust’s management of its investment portfolio. PAT’s investments are managed by a world class fund administrator and its accounts and financial statements are audited annually to international standards. The PAT enjoys charity and tax exemption status in the United States as an organization as per Section 501 (c) (3) under the US Internal Revenue Code.

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

PAT currently provides its support through grants to the Protected Areas Commission and Kanashen Village Council. These grants have helped to fund a number of change efforts within the protected areas over the past seven (7) years. Some of the key aspects of focus were in the areas of monitoring and enforcement, livelihood enhancement, awareness raising, technology improvement and planning for protected areas management.

Guyana’s developmental agenda, detailed in the Low Carbon Development Strategy 2030, boasts an ambitious conservation goal, expansion of conservation areas to cover 30% of Guyana’s terrestrial and marine space by 2030. The PAT is committed to fulfilling its role to support management of the expanded areas in the long-term. Efforts are therefore being made by PAT to ensure sufficient resources are available to sustain management of these areas in the long term.

Jenman House Botanical Gardens, Georgetown Tel. # 227-0343 or 227-0346 https://protectedareastrust.org.gy/. Email:secretariat@protectedareastrust.org.gy

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

AN ECOLOGIST IN THE MAKING RABICIA NILES

Rabicia Niles hales from Region Four, Demerara Mahaica, more particularly, Kaneville, Grove Village, East Bank Demerara. She attended Diamond Secondary School on the East Bank Demerara, where she completed her CSEC Certificate followed by Saints Stanislaus College where she received a CAPE Certificate in Environmental Sciences. She is currently an Environmental Officer at the Environmental Protection Agency of Guyana (EPA) within the Industry and Manufacturing Unit-monitoring and compliance division. Her role is to ensure developers are complying with the conditions outlined in their Environmental Authorizations granted by the EPA and making recommendations where, if necessary, after an audit is conducted. While her earlier ambition entailed a field in the Medical Sciences, she quickly gravitated to the Environmental Sciences field. She has undertaken studies in the area of ecology with specific emphasis on monitoring and compliance within the ecological environment. She notes that Environmental Monitoring is a tool to assess environmental conditions and trends, support policy development and its implementation, and develop information for reporting to national policymakers, international forums and the public. Her true intentions are to enter the field of policy development and law with regards to environmental management and renewable energy. Rabicia completed a Bachelor of Science in Environmental Studies at the University of Guyana and is currently reading for her Masters of Science in Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energies. Her initial interest in the environment sparked after seeing for herself the devastating impacts of the 2005 floods of Guyana on her community Kaneville, Grove. The flood resulted in terrible loses and the inability for her family to dwell in their own home. Ever since, her curiosity in the field developed. As she looks forward to the future, she sees herself contributing to policy drafting and project implementation in Guyana with emphasis on environmental areas such as energy efficiency and waste management.

Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7), which calls for “affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all” by 2030. She hopes to apply her studies to introduce more sustainable renewable energy services. Similarly, waste management strategies with special emphasis on single use plastics so as to truly promote and encourage reducing, reusing and recycling in Guyana. Rabicia is in awe of Guyana’s rich biodiversity, “I’m in awe constantly at the fact that there are over 740 confirmed bird species in Guyana and a flora diversity estimated to include over 8000! Isn’t that mind blowing?”

Our biodiversity not only functions in their ecosystems but also generate revenue for the country in the form of ecotourism activities. In her spare time, she loves cooking, sight-seeing and nature walks. She notes she is quite active in her church and community; assisting with teaching children and aiding their academic growth. Guyana, for her, has the potential and the scope for many sustainable development initiatives especially in the fields of renewable energy technologies, waste management and food security. Rabicia notes her country is beautiful and blessed with our environment being our greatest treasure- it takes care of us all so let us be good stewards and take care of it too!

She commends our policy makers on taking bold steps to diversify the economy and not focus solely on the newly developed oil and gas sector. Her advice to youths is to do everything in their power to care and protect their environment, surroundings and dwelling space. As insignificant as littering may seem, that is, discarding a single use plastic water bottle or plastic wrapper into the drains; that water bottle or wrapper is not biodegradable and will take at least up to 1000 years to decompose into micro plastics all the while being an environmental hazard; clogging drainage resulting in floods, leaking toxins into our waterways affecting our fishes causing death if plastics are accidentally swallowed. You see caring for your environment through your action is important since it will eventually affect the social, human health and economic aspects of your livelihood. A flood from a clogged drain can result in the outbreak of waterborne diseases, damages to property, scarcity of food and clean drinking water. It is therefore imperative that youths display good environmental practices at all times. One of Rabicia’s favorite quote is “In a world where you can be anything, choose to be kind”- Caroline Flack.

Her aim is to maintain Guyana’s path of a more sustainable nation. Guyana has the capacity to generate tidal energy, wave energy and wind energy which will reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, bringing us one step closer to accomplishing

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

A BUDDING ENVIRONMENTALIST VIMALDAT BISSESSAR

Vimaldat Bissessar, age 22 and better known to his colleagues as Chris attended the West Demerara Secondary, Region 3 for his secondary education. He later attended School of the Nations where he completed courses in environmental management, biology, and travel and tourism. Chris has undertaken a bachelors’ degree in environmental studies at the University of Guyana, and this program is expected to be completed in 2023. Reflecting on his childhood days, he mentioned that as a kid, he loved nature as he did not grow up with much friends or family around and ended up spending lots of his time in his backyard. At an early age, he also gravitated to nature magazines and books longing to visit some of the places he read about. His fascination with nature led to his caring about the environment and his passion for environmental studies. Here are a few questions that the Green Economy Committee of the Chambers raised with Chris and we share his responses.

1. How do you see yourself being able to apply your studies in Guyana? • Guyana is incredible, our resources seem to have no extent, and every day it seems we have something new to add to the assets we can offer the world. From just seeing this, interacting with business owners in the environmental and tourism field, I cannot wait to contribute in areas of conservation, management, and health in the environmental field.

2. Do you have any regrets undertaking this area of study?

4. Do you care about the environment? What would be your guidance to litterers and polluters? • Yes, I do care about the environment. My guidance when it comes to litterers in Guyana is to recognize the way small acts can amount to major damage, particularly when it comes to our capital, where we are very vulnerable to flooding.

5. Any advice or recommendation you would like to make to policy makers of the country. • As a student I will continue to encourage the creation of more avenues for young people particularly students to get involved in the environmental field.

6. Which environmental office, agency or business you admire and why? • I have an admiration for the Guyana Youth and Environment Network, (GYEN). Since interacting and doing projects with them, I really admire the focus placed on the incorporation of future generational leaders. GYEN allows youth to truly take a lead and practice in their respective fields.

7. What advice would you give to youths? • Opportunities are out there, and while it is important to study, it is equally important to go beyond classes to involve yourself in projects that build your capacity. If you think there aren’t opportunities out there for you, go out and create one for yourself. More and more businesses, groups and organizations are willing to help passionate people pursue their dreams. When not studying, Chris pursues art and creative writing. He currently works as a free-lance artist, and painter. He is grateful that he has landed jobs that intersect with his field of study, for example, illustrating GYEN’s Sprouts series and working with youth organizations in Guyana. These allow him to earn while pursuing his passion.

• I will say an uncontrollable regret is that I didn’t get to fully experience going into the field during my environmental study degree due to the restrictions from the Covid-19 pandemic. Otherwise, my journey in all subject areas alongside my classmates have been very enjoyable.

3. What do you admire most about Guyana’s biodiversity? • Guyana’s biodiversity is mostly pristine, so much so that it attracts funding for its conservation, I think that is most amazing.

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

A FEMALE CIVIL ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER, GEETA CAMACHO

Geeta Camacho grew up in Georgetown, Region Four, Guyana. Now 23 years old, she advised that she completed her secondary education at the prestigious Saraswati Vidya Niketan, in Cornelia Ida on the West Coast of Demerara. She holds her school in high esteem seeing it as a major pillar in her life where she was able to blossom both academically and spiritually and for which she would forever be appreciative. She recalls her principal, Swami Aksharanandaji telling her class:

“Na chor haarym na cha raajya haaryam na bhraatrubhaajyam na cha bhaarakaari. Vyaye krute vardhati eva nityam vidyaa dhanam sarva dhanapradhaanam.” Translation: “Unlike other forms of wealth, a thief can neither steal scholarship and learning nor can the Government confiscate it. It is also not divisible among brothers as a share in ancestral wealth.” In the year 2020, she undertook environmental study majoring in Civil with Environmental Engineering where she completed courses in environmental subject areas inclusive of Environmental Geology, Alternative Energy Management, Water Supply & Waste Water Engineering, Environmental Engineering and Coastal Engineering. Her love for this area of study developed as a child. She explained that during her formative years, herself and family were always a part of constant local travel. It was on such trips, usually lengthy, that she observed the trails or roadways were not always in good condition. This sparked her interest in focusing her energies on getting into a field that “builds roads and bridges.” She conveyed her mother and other family members give her ample support and the drive to pursue these studies to be able to become the professional project manager she aspires to achieve.

recommendations. Her immediate advice to policy makers of the country is to always plan. “Planning is the most important step in any project in addition to risks assessment and a schedule should be created to avoid any delays or errors.” Her advice to polluters of the environment is to think of their future. Irresponsible behavior can lead to poor health and wellbeing for themselves and others. With Earth being the source of everything under the sun, it should be respected and treated with utmost care. Geeta shared that she has great admiration for the Guyana Environment Initiative, a youth base organization founded in 2015. She notes that over the years they carried out projects which focused on recycling plastic and tyres with the aim of beautifying the environment; particularly in schools and at the University of Guyana. In addition, the team carried out awareness campaigns on the importance of keeping the environment clean in various communities. Her long term plans include but are not limited to becoming a certified Professional Engineer; Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM) and a Project Management Professional (PMP) to one day act in the capacity as a project manager. Geeta is fortunate to have visited all ten (10) regions of Guyana by the time she became 22 years old. In her spare time she loves bird watching, site seeing and diving into the refreshing “black water” creeks across Guyana. She hopes to traverse the Rupununi savannahs more often. Her advice to youths whom she believes are the ones who literally hold tomorrow in their hands is to use their time effectively to make the change they want to see, no matter how small. “Network and gather in numbers, to be able to move any mountain, in an effective way.” According to her, they should do this since no matter where you are, you will always need to interact with different personalities and it is very important to know how to deal with diversity.

As an Environmental Engineer, she finds Guyana’s water system and its soil formation the most admirable and intriguing features of its biodiversity. In the application of her study, Geeta hopes someday to be an advisor to a decision maker. As a young citizen, she believes she has a lot of great ideas to share, having also undertaken an associate degree. The combination of her business and science studies, she believes, will allow her the right blend of

Ms. Geeta Camacho BSc Civil with Environmental Engineering University of Guyana, 2021

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

THE OPPORTUNITY FOR GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE

FINANCE, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS HAVE A MAJOR ROLE TO PLAY, MR. SIMON THOMPSON It has become common knowledge that the climate crisis is the greatest global challenge and biggest market failure of our time. What is less evident to us is the role of banking and finance, and, more specifically, the role of banks and bankers, in facilitating and supporting the transition to a world that is more sustainable and resilient to climate change. The international treaty on climate change (the Paris Agreement) sets out three main goals to guide and foster this transition, however, only the first two objectives to keep global warming below 2 degrees and ideally close to 1.5 degrees and to promote climate resilient development – are widely known. The third objective, which is in fact crucial to achieving the first two objectives, appears to be less well-known; Article 2.1c requires countries to make flows of finance consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development. The key role of finance is, therefore, singled out. As nations develop more ambitious climate action plans and adopt statutory net zero targets, finance - across the broad spectrum of banking, investment, insurance, and accounting - will be expected and required to play a leading role in the transition of almost all economic activities and sectors to sustainable, low or zero carbon models. We cannot say that the system-wide costs, impacts, risks and inherent opportunities of the transition are currently as fully understood as they should be within finance, let alone within business and society more widely. However, latest estimates show that around $6-7 trillion per year for the next 20 years is required, with 70-80% expected to come from the private sector, primarily through bank lending and institutional investment. Combining the commercial opportunity with the ethical and environmental imperatives for tackling climate change should ensure the mainstreaming of green and sustainable finance so that, ultimately, all of banking and finance is aligned with sustainability. Recent developments attest to the growth of the green and sustainable finance sector including the launch of the Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero (GFANZ) in 2021, comprising some 450 financial firms from 45 countries with an excess of $130 trillion in assets. Nearly 300 banks representing more than half of global banking assets

under management are now signatories to the UN Principles for Responsible Banking. Despite such positive progress, the finance sector still funds far more carbon-intensive activities than low carbon alternatives. Although green lending has recorded significant growth in recent years, it still constitutes only 4% of overall lending. Banks and investors still fund deforestation in the Amazon and elsewhere. It is estimated that global markets currently hold portfolios consistent with 3 to 3.75 degrees, and possibly more than 4 degrees Celsius of warming. This is, quite literally, unsustainable and must change, and change quickly. The focus on “ESG” – which describes how firms and financial institutions approach environmental, social and governance factors - misses the need for us to consider more fundamental issues of what firms and financial institutions are doing, i.e. their impacts both positive and negative on the environment and society. Impacts are not easy to measure, especially when it comes to financed emissions from lending and investment, and emissions and other impacts across complex supply chains. There is also a lack of coherent and comparable data to support lending and investment decisions and to verify impacts. More consistent, harmonised approaches to policy, regulation, taxonomies and standards are required. Underlying all of these challenges, however is the lack of capacity and capability in financial institutions. It is on building global capacity and capability to align finance and sustainability that my colleagues and I at the Chartered Banker Institute spend most of our time. If we can successfully put into action the words of Mark Carney (the UN Special Envoy and former Bank of England Governor) that “…every professional financial decision takes account of climate change”, what I call the ‘Carney test’, it then follows that every finance professional needs to develop their knowledge and understanding of climate change and sustainability. The aim is not that all finance professionals need to become climate and sustainability experts; it is rather that all finance professionals need to develop a level expertise in this area relevant to their role and organization. And then deploy this in their daily professional practice – for example in risk assessment, in lending and investment decisions, in the design of products and services offered to clients and customers. To successfully tackle the climate crisis we need banking and finance professionals to do what they do best, that is transform unproductive savings into productive investments that support the transition to a more sustainable, low carbon world. Through refocusing lending and investment to clean,

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

green technologies and sectors, and supporting firms and sectors in transition. In particular, substantial opportunities exist for commercial and corporate banking to incentivize transitions through sustainability-linked and transition bonds, and green and sustainability-linked loans. On the retail side, there are opportunities to support individuals and families through green mortgages, sustainable savings and investments, and carbon trackers linked to banking apps to promote more sustainable consumption and lifestyles, among others. To succeed, we ensure that sustainable products and services such as these, and sustainable practices overall become ingrained within the finance profession as a whole. What is currently seen as best practice must become standard practice across banking and finance. This implies upskilling and reskilling not only small teams of sustainability specialists but enhancing the capacity and capability of relationship managers, product designers, risk managers, credit controllers, front and back offices of all banks, and most, if not all banking and finance professionals so that,

truly, “… every professional financial decision takes account of climate change.” At the Chartered Banker Institute, we offer an ever-growing range of qualifications, learning programmes and materials to help banks, bankers and others develop the expertise and skills needed to ensure that this can be done. I personally believe there is no more exciting, interesting or fulfilling area in banking and finance today. Fully aligning finance and sustainability is both a challenge and an opportunity for the banking and finance profession, overall, and for all of us as individuals. Not just to take advantage of the commercial opportunities from the transition, but an opportunity to demonstrate the positive, social purpose of banking and finance. Simon Thompson, FCBI Chief Executive of the Chartered Banker Institute Author of Green & Sustainable Finance: Principles and Practice

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ESG AND CREDIT RATINGS MR. WAYNE DASS

There is growing expert consensus that climate change is contributing to more frequent and extreme weather patterns, including floods and droughts. The COVID-19 pandemic showed us how wide and varying countries’ responsiveness can be to health and safety risks. Governance matters including those tied to a board’s composition, skills sets and the existence of an ethical decision-making framework are emerging as major drivers of high long-term value and resilience in corporations. ESG Credit Factors These are all examples of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors, the impact of which has been increasing in recent years in many spheres of activities, including in the finance and investment fields. Indeed, ESG has become an important and growing trend in shareholder activism worldwide. In the credit ratings world, it is wellestablished that material ESG credit factors can influence an entity’s creditworthiness, i.e., its capacity and willingness to meet its debt obligations in full and on time. A distinction is made here between ESG factors and ESG credit factors, in that not all ESG factors will necessarily have a direct and material enough bearing on creditworthiness - ESG credit factors are those ESG factors that will do so. One can easily envisage how ESG credit factors can lead to a change in a rated entity’s revenue, operating costs, profitability and liquidity, ultimately impacting on its credit ratings. As examples: (i) in the environmental space, a financial institution’s (FI) rating can come under pressure if the rating agency is of the view that the FI will suffer from material loan losses from the impact of recent floods on its loan portfolio; (ii) in the social area, an entity found guilty of severe health and safety violations and subject to hefty fines can suffer financial and reputational damage with concomitant loss of business leading to an erosion of its creditworthiness; and (iii) in the governance realm, increasing political uncertainty and inaction to major economic and fiscal challenges facing a country – weak leadership and governance - can lead to external financing risks, which can result in a weakening in the sovereign’s ability to meet large upcoming external debt repayments, resulting in a lowering of its credit ratings.

ESG Trends It is still relatively early days yet for a full incorporation of ESG into credit ratings but certain basics and trends are emerging: (i) there is understandably a high level of uncertainty associated with the projected impact (timing and likelihood) of some credit factors, for example extreme weather events, especially as it relates to how these influence long-term financial forecasts; (ii) the impact of ESG credit factors on credit ratings can vary by industry, geography and entity; (iii) the impact of ESG credit factors can change over time as new information becomes available or policy changes introduce new costs; (iv) high creditworthiness does not necessarily translate into strong ESG attributes and vice versa – an eco-friendly entity like a windfarm could have weak credit metrics in relation to its outstanding debt and therefore a high probability of default; and (v) ESG does not only pose risks but can also introduce opportunities – an entity faced with high negative impact from ESG credit factors can realise a boost to its credit ratings if it demonstrates that its ESG risk mitigation plan fully covers any potential negative fallout, for example, through insurance. ESG Rating Criteria Historically, rating agencies have always included some aspects of ESG considerations in their credit risk analysis, particularly in the environmental and governance spaces. However, a considerably more formal and comprehensive approach is now being adopted that brings social credit factors into play and deepens the analysis of environmental and governance factors. Caribbean Information and Credit Ratings Services Limited (CariCRIS), the Caribbean’s regional rating agency is currently in the process of amending its rating methodologies to include in a formal way relevant ESG considerations. For sovereign ratings, the key environmental issues to be considered include management of the effects of climate change, water resources and pollution, biodiversity, energy resources, air pollution, natural disasters and natural resources. Major social factors comprise of human rights including social stability and living standards, education and human capital, health levels, employment levels, trust in society and institutions, crime and safety. The governance issues consist of, inter alia, institutional strength, corruption, rule of law, regulatory effectiveness and quality, accounting standards, freedom of the press and political and civil liberties. For corporate entities, the major environmental factors that will be considered include climate change vulnerability, use of renewable energy, use of clean technology and

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

green building initiatives, toxic emissions and waste disposal, and carbon emissions. Social considerations here comprise labour management, health and safety, human capital development and supply chain labour standards. Governance issues comprise of board governance - board member credentials, succession planning, board diversity, voting rights and transparency – as well as ownership profile, management track record and performance, business ethics and tax transparency. Enabling more informed decisions CariCRIS’ emphasis in the early stage of our ESG rollout would be to gather and collate meaningful data that would inform our ESG credit metrics and benchmarks. We intend to engage in meaningful dialogue with our clients and prospects to understand their plan to manage climate change risks and other ESG credit factors. Our view is that updating our rating

criteria and methodologies to include ESG considerations, will result in rating opinions that more accurately reflect the economic and business realities faced by sovereigns and corporate entities in the Caribbean, in the face of growing impacts from extreme weather patterns and other ESGrelated credit factors. This should, in turn, enable investors and other stakeholders to make more informed decisions. Mr. Wayne Dass Chief Executive Officer CariCRIS Limited Email: wdass@caricris.com

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REPUBLIC BANK POWERING A NET ZERO BANKING ALLIANCE

Republic Financial Holdings Limited (RFHL) is the financial holding company and parent of all the financial services companies in the Group including Republic Bank (Guyana) Limited (RBGL). Celebrating a history of service to the people of the nation for over 185 years, RBGL is one of Guyana’s largest and longest serving financial institutions. Over the years, we have tailored our products and services to meet the needs of those who continue to help us achieve our success – our stakeholders and our staff. Consequently, the Bank has placed significant emphasis on growing its lending portfolio, in particular, small and medium-sized enterprises; strengthening its focus on corporate social investment driven by a long-ingrained philosophy of sustainable development in Guyana and globally. Across the Caribbean, South America, and Ghana, the Republic Group continues to grow and build with diverse communities in pursuit of programmes and initiatives that best support inclusiveness and sustainable development. Invest in our Planet - the theme for Earth Day 2022 and one which epitomizes the efforts of the Republic Group, the bank shouldered the responsibility of representing the region’s financial sector becoming a signatory to global initiatives focused on net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. The Republic Bank Group joined 42 other global banks in 23 countries as founding signatories to the United Nations convened, Net-Zero Banking Alliance (“NZBA”). Financial institutions have a vital role to play in sustainable development and the Republic Group is cognizant of the importance to align its strategies and practices with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Our internet and mobile banking applications offer feature-rich user experience. Through Republic Mobile and Republic Online, unique features include My Payment with Friends and Cardless Cash. While this group initiative has commenced, RBGL has engaged local mobile data providers to make usage of our internet banking, mobile banking app and website “zero data” i.e. no mobile data will be used when using these end points and a mobile device user without a data subscription (mobile internet) can also use these endpoints. According to the Group’s President and CEO, Nigel Baptiste, “At Republic Bank, we take great pride in being one of the founding signatories to this historic global initiative to combat the adverse effects of climate change and will take the necessary steps to transition our core business to achieve this goal by 2050. We will set ambitious sustainable targets for our products and services and introduce systems and procedures to better measure the carbon impact for both ourselves and our clients across our operations.” In keeping

with RFHL Group’s focus to reduce our carbon footprint, a number of practices including less printing of documents have been implemented within the organization by staff. In 2020, the Republic Group committed to aligning with the Paris Agreement, the UNEP FI and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This commitment resulted in the Republic Group being the only Caribbean domiciled financial signatory to the UNEP FI Principles for Responsible Banking and also a founding member of the UN-convened Net Zero Banking Alliance. Net-zero emissions by 2050 is an ambitious global target and it’s against this backdrop that the Republic Group has also set an ambitious US$200 million climate finance goal to help mitigate against climate change and build resilient infrastructure across the fourteen territories in which it operates. Since our commitment as a group, our participation has increased at key events surrounding Climate Action whether as sponsors or speakers at key events such as the recent ESG & Climate Financing Summit. In keeping with the foregoing, RBGL seeks to provide affordable financing to entities undertaking sustainable initiatives aimed at combating climate change. In this regard, between 2021/2022 RBGL provided financing exceeding G$600M for such medium to large scale initiatives and we are currently in the process of assessing financing for additional sizeable projects of similar nature. The Group’s in support of its climate financing commitment, also undertook an extensive carbon footprint study to assess its own potential impact surrounding climate issues with the view to making a direct positive contribution on local and global efforts aimed at slowing climate change. RBGL‘s commitment to a Green Economy began even before its commitment to the foregoing global initiatives. It has been offering Small Business Bureau (Low Carbon) Loans since 2014. Although the SBB Loan Guarantee initiative no longer facilitates such loans, the Bank continues to finance loans that reduce our planet’s carbon footprint, e.g. electric vehicles, solar power systems etc. The transition to a Green Economy is not without its challenges within the financial sector. Green loans are still unpopular but as the global economy continues to pursue more sustainable business practices, we are already committed to providing financing that mitigate climate change. RBGL sees tremendous value in the global initiatives to which it is a signatory and see its role as important in helping

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

to meet global sustainability goals. Going forward, the bank intends to lead the charge amongst financial institutions as it pertains to supporting green initiatives locally and regionally, within the jurisdictions that we operate and even beyond. In this regard, a team spearheaded by well-qualified professionals has been focusing specifically on sustainability issues and climate financing, among other related activities, for the Republic Group. This reflects our commitment over the long term and we are excited to make a positive impact. The 2050 net-zero emissions target is one which requires global participation at micro and macro levels and therefore, we all have a role to play in ensuring that we preserve our

planet for future generations. This is why we’ve made a commitment, in recognition of this role, and so we encourage everyone to play their part, however big or small. Republic Bank (Guyana) Limited applauds the Chamber, for which it is a member; for placing focus on climate change through this publication and hope it’s a catalyst for more businesses and society at large to embrace a more sustainable, cleaner and greener future. The climate is changing and so should we!

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GUYANA

+ Partial Scholarship Available

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ACADEMIC PROGRAMS COLLEGE OF MEDICINE Doctor of Medicine (MD-5Years)

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Doctor of Medicine (MD-4Years)

Bachelor of Business Administration

Premed Program

Bachelor of Science in Financial Management

COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

Bachelor of Science in Human Resource Management Bachelor of Science in Operations Management

Master of Science in Information Technology

Bachelor of Science in Marketing Management

PhD in Information Technology

Master of Business Administration (MBA)

COLLEGE OF PUBLIC HEALTH

PhD in Management

Bachelor of Public Health Master of Public Health

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PhD in Public Health

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BECAUSE WE CARE ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT GBTI GREEN LOAN

GBTI is Guyana’s largest indigenous Bank and has as a trusted financial partner, we provide you with over 180 years of experience, knowledge and dedication to support your goals. We offer a full range of modern banking services including Direct and Mobile Banking; access to 25 ATM’s at our 13 locations across Guyana and more than 235 Point of Sale Merchants.

In 2010, GBTI was the first local commercial bank to launch its Green Loan product to the Guyanese populace. The aim of this loan product was driven to assist in transforming the environment into a greener planet by offering concessionary rates to businesses, projects, services and home improvements.

Green Loans form part of the Bank’s Corporate Social Responsibility to assisting with the financing of alternative sources of energy and to build the awareness of environmental issues that affect the future of the planet. Overall it aims to encourage individuals and businesses alike, to adopt strategies and to be innovative in creating business products and services that are environmentally friendly.

Over the years GBTI has extended financing to various successful commercial projects such as water treatment plants, high-end fruits and vegetables and aquaculture. The Bank has also granted facilities to homeowners for the acquisition of solar panels, energy saving appliances and for hybrid motor vehicles.

This ‘Green Strategy’ is deemed to complement Guyana’s National Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS) and to promote the conservation of energy and emissions from greenhouse gases. Green loans contribute to aligning lending and environmental objectives. This initiative is intended to spur greater consciousness of eco-friendly means of achieving the same objectives. Targeted ventures include Solar Energy projects; Water treatment recycling; Water filters; Electric/Hybrid Vehicles; Energy Saving appliances; Wind Powered projects; Agro-Processing; Sustainable Fisheries – Aquaculture, Agriculture, Apiculture, Biomass Conversion to Energy and Sustainable Forestry & Wood.

Our interest rates applicable for the Green Loans facility range from 8% - 11% with 10% equity. The Bank can allow a moratorium of 1-6 months on the payment of interest and principal with the maximum loan period being sixty (60) months. GBTI Green Loan application process is very straight forward with flexible terms and conditions. Our experienced and knowledgeable Credit Officers give our clients the support for their business to be successful. Visit a Branch nearest to you or apply online today. The future is now with a GBTI Green Loan!

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

SATELLITE-BASED PRECISION AGRICULTURE: IMPROVING CROP YIELDS AND REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DR. HAIMWANT PERSAUD

Agriculture is a vital industry that feeds the world’s population. However, traditional farming methods are no longer enough to meet the growing demand for food. Farmers today face many challenges, including changing weather patterns, water scarcity, and a need to reduce environmental impact. To address these challenges, farmers are turning to technology, and satellitebased precision agriculture is emerging as a powerful tool. Satellite-based precision agriculture involves using data from satellites to inform farming practices. This data can include information on soil moisture levels, crop health, and weather patterns. By using this information, farmers can make more informed decisions about when and where to plant crops, how much water and fertilizer to use, and when to harvest. One of the key benefits of satellite-based precision agriculture is improved crop yields. By using data from satellites, farmers can identify areas of their fields that are underperforming and adjust their practices accordingly. For example, if a particular area of a field is consistently producing lower yields than the rest of the field, a farmer can use satellite data to identify the cause of the problem, such as soil nutrient deficiencies or pests, and take action to address it. Another benefit of satellite-based precision agriculture is that it can help reduce the environmental impact of farming. By using data to target fertilizer and pesticide application, farmers can minimize the amount of these substances that they use, reducing runoff into nearby waterways and minimizing the risk of pollution. Additionally, by optimizing irrigation practices, farmers can reduce the amount of water that they use, helping to conserve this precious resource. Satellite-based precision agriculture is also helping farmers to adapt to the changing climate. As weather patterns become more unpredictable, farmers need to be able to adjust their practices quickly to avoid crop losses. By using satellite data, farmers can track weather patterns and adjust their planting and harvesting schedules accordingly. This can help to minimize the impact of extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods, on crop yields. Latitude Sat2Farm is a cloud-based and Mobile platform that uses satellite imagery to provide farmers with up-to-date information on crop health, soil moisture levels, and other factors that affect crop growth. The platform is easy to use, and farmers can access the information from their computers or mobile devices. The application works by collecting satellite imagery from a variety of sources and analyzing that imagery to identify patterns and trends that can help farmers make better decisions about their crops. The application incorporates the use of scalable innovative algorithms that leverage advances in Satellite Remote Sensing technology and apply Big Data Analytics, Machine Language, and Physical Algorithms to provide farm-scale insights. The algorithms also make use of available IoT sensors, UAV manual observation, and weather data to enable users to analyze and interpret real-time data actionable insights on standing crops.

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The key benefits of Latitude Sat2Farm are that it can help farmers optimize their use of water and fertilizer by providing data on soil moisture levels and crop health, provide farmers with data on nutrient levels in the soil, helping them to apply fertilizer more efficiently, and reduce the risk of runoff and pollution. It provides data on crop health, allowing farmers to identify areas of their fields that are underperforming and take action to address the issue. Similarly, Sat2Farm can provide data on weather patterns, image advisory, pest, and disease forewarning helping farmers to anticipate extreme events that could damage their crops Latitude Sat2Farm provides a valuable platform that has the potential to enhance precision agriculture by providing farmers with up-to-date information on crop health, soil moisture levels, and other factors that affect crop growth. By optimizing the use of water and fertilizer and identifying potential problems early on, farmers can reduce waste, conserve resources, and improve their crop yields. As this technology becomes more widely available, it has the potential to transform the way that we produce food, helping to ensure that we can feed the world’s growing population in a sustainable way. Using satellite data to inform farming practices, farmers can improve crop yields, reduce environmental impact, and adapt to the changing climate. As this technology becomes more widely available, it has the potential to transform the way that we produce food, helping to ensure that we can feed the world’s growing population in a sustainable way About Latitude Geospatial LATITUDE GEOSPATIAL is a Guyanese technology-driven GIS Services & Spatial Data provider company that develops creative solutions in the areas of Location-Based Technologies and Location-Based Intelligence. Their aim is to equip organizations with the Technology and Data they require to execute their functions efficiently and effectively.

Dr. Haimwant Persaud, Chief Executive Officer, Latitude Geospatial

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

NAREI’S VISION FOR SHADEHOUSE CULTIVATION

Sustainable development through transformation of the Agri-food Systems In May of 2021, Guyana’s agriculture sector suffered significant losses due to the unprecedented levels of rainfall and floods, which was declared a National Disaster. Data collected during the floods revealed that 17,507 crop farmers, 4,078 livestock farmers & 1,121 rice farmers suffered tremendous losses. All ten (10) administrative regions of the country were severely inundated as a result of the floods. As a result of the impact of the floods, the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) launched its first National Flood Early Warning System (NFEWS) which is critical to protecting lives, livelihoods and property. Experts within Guyana and the Caribbean Region concluded

that, the disaster was as a result of the climate change phenomenon. Guyana’s Nationally Determined Contributions to UNFCCC recognizes the impact of Climate Change on the lives of the farming communities and vulnerability of women and children who commonly face higher risks and more significant burdens in situations of poverty and includes climate-smart agriculture as an unconditional commitment for adaptation. This is further supported by our Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS) which prioritizes both climate-resilient agriculture and entrepreneurship as important to Guyana’s development.

Guyana’s Climate Resilience Strategy and Action Plan - acknowledges the vulnerability of the agriculture sector to climate change and proposes two (2) prioritized concept notes for the sector.

II. Strengthening of drainage and irrigation systems, including improving communications between farmers and National Drainage and Irrigation Authority (NDIA) managers; and establishing a new Water Users Associations.

I. Building a climate resilient agriculture sector, including a capacity building component which also caters for improved information systems for farmers.

Goal - to facilitate economic development by cultivating high-valued crops: carrots, cauliflower, broccoli etc.

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Objectives

Activities

To grow & produce high-valued crops

Outputs

Procure materials necessary for the shadehouses.

300 shade-houses constructed. Cultivation of high-value crops.

To highlight the potential of Sensitizing, farmers, students, shadehouse & hydroponics technology entrepreneurs through field schools, for the cultivation of these crops. workshops, seminars & hands – on training in shadehouse & hydroponics technology for cultivation.

Stakeholders trained in Climate Smart approaches to vegetable cultivation.

To introduce new techniques & methods for production of these high value crops.

No. of demonstrations conducted with beneficiaries for the adoption of new techniques & methods for production.

Demonstration of new techniques & methods for the production of high value crops to beneficiaries..

BRIEF DATA ON PERFORMANCE

Year

Commodity

Revenue/Earnings

2019

Largest share of agriculture GDP was contributed by other crops.

2020

Exports of non-traditional crops out of the region (e.g., grain crops, oil seeds, roots & tubers, bora, katahar, “greens”, spices & seasonings and a wide variety of fruits).

2020

Pumpkin

428 MT - G$52.5 M

2020

Watermelon

212 MT - G$60.4 M

48.9 %

9,000 MTUS$ 12.2 M

OPPORTUNITIES Guyana current importation data

Commodity Carrots

2018 (kg)

1,105,462

2019 (kg)

2020 (kg) 1,580,905

675,460

Broccoli

437,513

547,561

324,011

Cauliflower

561,389

651,924

375,641

CONSTRAINTS ● Inputs (Availability & cost) ● Fixed resource (Land & machinery) ● Access to credit (Agricultural financing) ● Market uncertainty (Price instability) ● Farmer organization (Low levels) ● High cost attached to value addition ● Management of P&D (Seasonal among others) ● Land development issues (D&I among others) FUTURE PROSPECTS ● Building a sector that guarantees consistent quality and supply of fresh Fruits and Vegetables

● Extension capacity building: well trained, supported by a comprehensive and properly executed capability plan. ● Promoting climate smart agriculture: shadehouse, hydroponics, drip irrigation, quality planting materials etc. ● Enabling greater diversity in varieties with better characteristics for marketing. ● Creating & resuscitating farmers, women and youth groups. ● Robust ICT system ● Interactive laboratory support services. ● Climate resilient germplasm production system. ● 300 shadehouses by 2025

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

GUIDE ON TOTAL COST FOR 1 WOODEN & PRE-FAB SHADEHOUSE

Description

4' x 4' Hardwood post 14 feet

49,066.00

4' x 4' Hardwood post 8 feet

35,360.00

2' x 4' Plate 21 feet

73,880.00

2' x 4' Rafter 22 feet

100,733.00

104,266.00

140,000.00

1' x 3' Wrap for plastic

75,250.00

2' x 4' Tie 20 feet

60,000.00

2' x 4' Straps

25,000.00

231,000.00

7,600.00

2,900.00

Bolt 1 x 6

6,000.00

Washer 3/8

300.00

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

Materials are Required for one Shadehouse

2' x 4' Rafter 23 feet 1' x 6' Sheet lot

1’ x 10'' Wallaba

Head Nail 2 ½ inch Head Nail ½ inch

Materials Required for one Shadehouse (Wooden Structure) G$

(One Galvanized structure value) 2,500,000.00

231,000.00

Cement

120,000.00

Plastic

90,000.00

Insect mesh

300,000.00

80,000.00

850,000.00

50,000.00

4' blocks

108,000.00

Construction sand

90,000.00

Spot blocks

90,000.00

Fertigation System

200,000.00

2,889,355.00

3,321,000.00

Shade net Labour Transportation

Cost for one shadehouse

49,066.00

Total Cost fro one Shadehouse (Galvanized Structure) G$

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

300,000.00

Description

Materials are Required for one Shadehouse

Materials Required for one Shadehouse (Wooden Structure) G$

Total Cost fro one Shadehouse (Galvanized Structure) G$

Reef sand

2 loads

Black sand

2 loads

110,000.00

Paddy hull

1 load

25,000.00

Burnt paddy hull

1 load

25,000.00

270,000.00

3,159,355.00

COST FOR POTTING MATERIALS GRAND TOTAL

110,000.00

P.S. Rates to be adjusted as per prevailing market value of materials. Persons may be able to source materials cheaper.

ESTIMATED RETURNS FOR 1 YEAR WITH 1 COMPLETE SHADEHOUSE DEDICATED TO TOMATO PRODUCTION 75 DAYS FROM SOWING TO HARVEST As the saying goes, “the proof is in the eating of the pudding.” Thus the below table gives the estimated revenue for tomato production for one year as outlined above. ● Crop type: Tomato ● Cropping cycle per year: 3 ● Initial plant population (2 ft x 2 ft): 672 ● Survival rates up to harvesting: 100% ● Plant population at harvesting: 672 ● Duration of harvesting: 1 Month ● Average yield: 10 lbs./plant ● Shade house production per cropping cycle: 6,720 lbs. ● Shade house production 3 cropping cycles per year: 20,160 lbs. ● Average wholesale cost: G$80/lb. ● Average retail cost: G$150/lb. ● Gross income per cropping cycle wholesale cost: = G$537,600.00 ● Gross income per cropping cycle retail cost: = G$1,008,000.00 ● Gross wholesale income for 1 year: 3 cropping cycles x G$537,600.00= G$1,612,800.00 ● Gross retail income for 1 year: 3 cropping cycles x G$1,008,000.00= G$3,024,000.00 P.S. Rates to be adjusted as per prevailing market value

ESTIMATED RETURNS FOR 1 YEAR with 1 complete shadehouse dedicated to BELL SWEET PEPPERS, 70 days from sowing to harvest ● Crop type: Bell Sweet Peppers ● Cropping cycle per year: 2 ● Initial plant population (1ft x 1ft): 2,016 ● Survival rates up to harvesting: 100% ● Plant population at harvesting: 2,016 ● Duration of harvesting: ` 3 Months ● Average yield: 10 lbs./plant ● Shade house production per cropping cycle: 20,160 lbs. ● Shade house production 2 cropping cycles per year: 40,320 lbs. ● Average wholesale cost: G$200/lb. ● Average retail cost: G$400/lb. ● Gross income per cropping cycle wholesale cost: = G$4,032,000 ● Gross income per cropping cycle retail cost: = G$8,064,000 ● Gross wholesale income for 1 year: 2 cropping cycles x G$4,032,000= G$8,064,000 ● Gross retail income for 1 year: 2 cropping cycles x G$8,064,000.00= G$16,128,000

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

GUYANA RICE DEVELOPMENT BOARD TAKING STEPS TO GREEN THE RICE INDUSTRY

Guyana’s Rice Industry comprises private rice farmers, rice millers and input suppliers (suppliers of fertilizers, agrochemicals, farm machinery, etc). Approximately 90,000 hectares are cultivated by 6,200 farmers in two crops per year. Paddy harvested is sold to approximately 50 mills across the country. The Guyana Rice Development Board (GRDB) is the government agency that regulates the industry, largely guided by the GRDB Act. The Board provides Research & Extension services to farmers, Quality Control of paddy at the rice mills and rice destined for export, and facilitates Trade & Marketing to the rice sector.

iv.Studies on the use of botanicals plants’ aqueous extracts that has antimicrobial and anti-insecticidal properties for the control of significant rice insect pest and diseases (few extracts were identified).

While the GRDB aims to ‘green’ the rice industry, it is cognizant that this will take time as it has to be done in phases which must consider all aspects of the rice production chain for opportunities to reduce greenhouse gases, carbon emissions and improve sustainability. GRDB has currently undertaken the following initiatives for a Greener Rice Industry:

vii. Developing varieties of rice that competes (GRDB 14, GRDB 16) with weeds, thereby reducing weedicide application.

1. Reduction of Pesticides use in Rice Cultivation: GRDB recognized that there is a pesticide overuse in Guyana. It is well established that GRDB is an advocate for the reduction of pesticide and chemicals. Several programs and practices were initiated and implemented towards the reduction of pesticides and chemicals in the rice ecosystem: i.Strengthening and implementation of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for rice. Work is ongoing on sensitizing farmers and other stakeholders on IPM and Integrated Disease Management (IDM) approaches through the Farmers’ Field School (FFS) so that they can adopt the IPM and IDM strategies towards a reduction in the use of agrochemicals for the management of pests and diseases affecting the rice crop in Guyana. ii.Development and use of biological control of pest such as Paddy Bugs. iii.Studies are on the way to evaluate Bio fertilizers in crop nutrition management.

v. Preliminary findings on the use of Nano fertilizers in Guyana is very promising. This will reduce quantities of fertilizers used and will improve the efficiency. vi. Research into Nano Pesticides for the management of Insect Pest has begun.

viii. Developing Varieties with pest and diseases resistance. ix. Nutrient Management: Balanced nutrition; timely application; efficient applications- aircraft, fertilizer spreader; type of fertilizer e.g. slow release N; Site Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM).

2. Reducing Carbon Footprint: i. No burning of Straw: researching alternatives to burning straw in the fields after harvesting in irrigated ecosystem. ii. Water: Improve water management by using practices such was alternate wetting and drying. iii. Solar Pumps: Exploring the use of solar energy for irrigation pumps. iv. Varieties: Develop short term varieties: less fertilizer, pesticide, water requirement. v. Reviewing land preparation practices to reduce number of passes thereby reducing fuel used in cultivation. vi. Use of decomposed farm yard manure (FYM). vii. Use of soil micro-organism for example phosphorus solubilizing bacteria as an alternative to synthetic fertilizers.

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

viii. Crop rotation, rice with legumes at Tacama and hinterland areas. ix. Integrated rice/fish farming with azolla.

The GRDB is confident that with existing and other initiatives, the rice industry can operate in a sustainable manner with a steadily reducing impact on the environment over time.

3. Processing - Promote the use of Renewable Energy in rice mills. - Promote and encourage energy efficient practices.

Dr Mahendra Persaud, Chief Scientist / Plant Breeder, Director-Guyana Rice Development Board

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MAINTAINING SUSTAINABILITY IN GUYANA’S FOREST SECTOR

The importance of forest resources has been recognized internationally and its magnitude extends beyond just the environment. Sustainable use of our forests not only addresses biodiversity issues and climate change but also fosters economic activities by the creation of jobs and the improvement of livelihoods The Guiana Shield spans Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana as well as parts of Colombia and Brazil. It covers approximately 270 million hectares of pristine rainforest and is recognized as one of the last remaining ‘frontier forests’ of the world . Forest covers approximately 85% of Guyana’s landmass . The Low Carbon Development Strategy 2030 categorically noted that Guyana is one of the countries with the highest proportions of forest cover in the world. Guyana’s forest provides significant ecosystem services; however, forest produce harvesting has historically been an employment and income generating activity for more than a century . This is done in a regulated manner which ensures that the forest resources are sustainably harvested in accordance with internationally accepted principles adapted to the Guyana-specific country situation. With Guyana continuously on the pathway to a green state and ensuring low carbon emission growth amidst recent oil discovery and extraction; regulating forestry operations by protecting and conserving our forests is critical. Ecologically Sound Forest Management The Guyana Forestry Commission (GFC) is the country’s regulatory agency for the administration and management of all state forests which encompasses approximately 12.5 million hectares or 80% of the total forested area in the country . The Commission’s main functions include but are not limited to regulating harvesting operations in the different concessions types issued by the Commission and making decisions for best practices for the present and future generation. This is done by developing guidelines, codes of practices and other standards for harvesting and its subsequent implementation and monitoring, forest conservation strategies and research for the advancement of the sector.

International Forest Management Audits done annually also shows compliance with Sustainable Forest Management principles. Selective harvesting coupled with the implementation of the reduced impact logging techniques and strong governance and legality has ensured that the deforestation rate in the country continuously remains low. Evidently, the adopted strategies have proven to be successful as Guyana would’ve recorded a deforestation rate of 0.042% in 2021, a value which is also expected remain relatively in the 2022 findings. Noteworthy also, the deforestation rate of the country has never exceeded 1% based on the national-level Monitoring, Reporting and Verification System statistics . Forest and Its Impacts on the Socio-Economic Dimension By the end of 2022, the production of logs and lumber in Guyana’s forest sector was recorded at 441,000 cubic meters, an increase of 13.4% when compared to corresponding periods in 2021 This positive growth rate is attributed to the improved performances in both large and small concessions (under 8097 hectares and over 8097 hectares respectively) categories. With the Government of Guyana’s current housing drive, it is expected that production, specifically log production will continuously increase to satisfy the demand on the local market. Evidently, the sector is increasing its supply of raw materials on both the local and international fronts. With additional concessions issued by the Commission under sustainable harvesting guidelines in both the large and small category, employment and livelihood opportunities are created. Approximately 20,000 persons are employed and directly benefit from the sector . Communities, particularly indigenous communities in Guyana’s hinterland are able to create a livelihood by not just traditionally harvesting logs but also through the utilization of Non-timber forest products for income generation. To ensure inclusivity, the Commission Issues Community Forest Management Agreements and an entire GFC Unit is dedicated to ensuring that these forest dependent persons are not disadvantaged. Other livelihood opportunities are continually being encouraged and promoted. Value Added Processing and activities are also an important component for diversifying the economic returns of forestry operations from just primary production and is continually being promoted.

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Challenges in the Forestry Sector Given that the forestry sector falls under the extractive category, external environmental conditions heavily impact and determine the outcome of its operation. In the past 2-3 years the sector’s productive capabilities were somewhat restricted by the COVID19 pandemic and severe prolonged periods of rainfall resulting in damaged infrastructure and impassable roads. Nevertheless, the sector has exhibited signs of recovery with the continued support from both the Government of Guyana and donor funded initiatives. The progress and developments in the sector are expected to continue. The future of Sustainable Forestry in Guyana Currently the levels of harvesting of Guyana’s forest are consistently below the sustainable annual allowable cut as established from pre and post-harvest inventories; however, with the expansion of the domestic and export markets, emphasis will be placed on accelerating the annual cut. Sustainable forest management is and will remain necessary to ensure the efficient management of the country’s forest resources.

Based on the current trend, global economists predict that the Gross Domestic Product of Guyana is expected to grow significantly. The International Monetary Fund projects that Guyana’s GDP between 2022-2032 is expected to grow by approximately 16.8% . Hence, sustainable forest management on a continuous basis is key to realizing the potential of Guyana’s forest. Given that all guidelines are followed, the forest sector under sustainable forest management guidelines has the potential of producing over 1,000,000 cubic meters of timber, of which, approximately 40-45% of this is currently being harvested. Indera Hoorilall – MSc Tropical Forestry Technical Officer Guyana Forestry Commission

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

INSTITUTING MEASURES TO PRESERVE THE ENVIRONMENT MR VIJAY GOBARDHAN - GUYANA SUGAR CORPORATION LIMITED The Green Initiative involves measures and policies taken toward having greener economies. It is recognized that going green leads to a more healthy planet for sustainable life in future generation. It is associated with the mindset of learning, practicing and contributing in ways that help conserve the natural resources and habitats of the earth. Within the sugar industry, this is primarily achieved by looking for ways to reduce/ control waste disposal and environmental pollution.

• Chemical containers are not allowed to be reused; they are being shredded and buried at approved site on one location.

Some of the principal measures adopted by the Guyana Sugar Corporation Inc (Guysuco) towards the green initiatives are

4. Chemical and Fertilizer application

1. Renewable energy sources The production of electrical energy is done by use of bagasse fuel to power steam turbines generators during grinding period. This reduces consumption of fossil fuel and emission of carbon from diesel generators.

• Filter mud from cane juice is used as manure in the field for the cane plants. • Waste oil is used to lubricate carrier chain and exposed metals in the open surrounding and not dumped in water ways.

• Fertilizers are applied on soil in a controlled manner to avoid it getting in water ways to cause pollution. • No fly zones are demarcated when using aircraft to apply agro chemical in order to ensure safety of surrounding environment.

2. Use of energy-saving appliances and equipment Preference is given towards acquiring new electrical motors equipped with variable frequency drive to reduce high constant power demand. Similarly efforts are made to replace lighting fixtures with LED energy saving type and use of solar light. 3. Waste disposal system • Dedicated waste disposal site are established for dumping of garbage and disposing of biodegradable items so as not to pollute the environment. • Chemical wastes from the chemical bond are released into a holding pond where it is treated and tested before releasing into the drainage system.

• Chemicals are not applied in waterways to kill weeds where it can harm the lives of living organism. The method of manual weeding and mechanical drain clearing is used. • Pesticides are not used on cane plants but rather, the method of biological and cultural control are adopted. Cultural control include field flooding and the encouragement of aquatic weeds.

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Flooded fields- Cultural Pest control • (Leercia hexandra) to control problem weeds and biological control include the use of Metagonistylum minense (amazon fly) and Cotesia flavipes to counteract pest on cane plants.

Metagonistylum minense (amazon fly) parasitizing Diatrea saccarharalis- Biological control • Some private cane farmers implement measures of harbouring owl in their cane field for natural control of rodents which reduces their need to use rodenticide (rat bait). As Guysuco continues to work to meet both local and international demands for the commodity sugar, it remains committed to operating in a sustainable manner.

Mr Vijay Gobardhan, Mechanical Engineer & Factory Operations Director (ag) Guyana Sugar Corporation

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PROVIDING A GREEN FERTILIZER SOLUTION - A&S ENTERPRISE

A & S was registered in August 1987, as a Sole Trader Business. As per the proprietor, Mr. Shaam Outar, at the beginning, he imported and wholesaled Beauty Aid Cosmetics, Over -the -counter Pharmaceuticals and Haberdashery products from the United States of America. In 1994, as the business progressed and grew, he commenced importation of Prescription Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices from the United States of America, India, Pakistan, El Salvador, Europe, and the United Kingdom. Soon after, supermarket goods and cleaning agents from Thailand, Turkey and China, which remained his core business for over three decades. Fast forward to 2019 and Mr. Outar indicated that his desire to further expand his business operations led him to developing a business partnership with a Croatian company. This company produces several natural products. However, Mr. Outar was drawn to one particular product being the Foliar Complex, a natural Fertilizer which is both, human friendly and environmentally friendly.

• Frequency of application is every 10-15 days during vegetative season. If any diseases appear, harmful insects or other stressful situations (drought, flood, natural disasters), plant is treated in shorter time frames depending on the degree of damage until full immune response is received and the plant has returned in top condition. Then by the end of the vegetation, we return to the recommended frequency of treatments.

What makes Foliar Complex Green?

Test Results

FOLIAR COMPLEX is an all-natural mineral agent used for the nourishment and optimization of growth and yield of plants. It is completely eco-friendly, it is not phytotoxic, it does not have side effects and cannot be overused or overdosed. FOLIAR COMPLEX is created by a combination of natural mineral raw materials and application of high technology (Tribomechanical activation). Its raw material is drawn from natural rocky sediment material of marine origin, bitumose calcite, which was created by fossilization of seabed sediments of sea algae, corals, shellfish and other sea organisms, which used calcium in formation of structures of their own organisms in environment of high temperature and with no oxygen. Calcites are by composition calcium and magnesium carbonated with presence of silica, iron and trace elements.

The success rate was very high since the growth rate of the plant increases rapidly thereby increasing the yield by 25% to 30%. It created some resistance to bugs and more so, kept the plant green, even under dry weather conditions. The successful test results led to businessman, Rajendra Persaud, of Nand Persaud Rice Milling Complex, immediately deciding to order one 20 foot container of Foliar Complex, facilitating its large scale entry and use in the Guyanese market.

Testing Consequently, Mr. Outar requested samples of this product in order to conduct some tests and assess the results. These tests were conducted by two local Agronomists, one being Aditya Persaud and the other, Brigesh Singh, who worked with Nand Persaud Rice Milling Complex on the Corentyne Coast of Guyana. Application • When applying treatment in outdoor open spaces, it is necessary to mix 5 grams of Foliar Complex in 1 litre of water (0.5%). Indoor application (greenhouses) requires 3 grams of Foliar Complex (0.3%) in 1 litre of water. In agriculture, it is necessary to use 2.5 KG of Foliar Complex per hectare. • Colloid Solution is applied on plants as fine fog (aerosol) in morning or late afternoon hours with sprinklers.

• During vegetation period, it is necessary to make 4-6 treatments.

FOLIAR COMPLEX is applied exclusively through leaves (foliar) on all: 1. Agricultural cultures 2. Fruit 3. Vegetables 4. Flowers and decorative plants, grass and wood areas 5. Viticulture

Why Foliar Complex? Proprietor, Shaam Outar, noted the cost of the product is deemed very negligible when compared with the percentage return per acre. It can be used locally for any green application - cash crops, permanent crops, vines, sugar cane, corn, soya bean, golf and cricket fields and even to grow grass for animals. More interesting, only 5g / litre of water is used, with two or three sprayed applications. However, the single main challenge is large scale spraying of fields by using manual laborers. He advised that using an aeroplane for large scale spraying is highly recommended, however, there is a financial cost to this. Alternatively, the use of agriculture drones will be best suited for large fields. I would encourage farmers to start using the product and experience the difference of using a natural product, produced by using the Nano technology. As per Mr. Outar, who is a long standing member of the Georgetown Chamber of Commerce and Industry, “Let’s go green, adopt to new and sustainable developments and enjoy positive results.” ***************

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The Georgetown Chamber of Commerce and Industry (GCCI) launched its Week of Activities for World Environment Day 2022 (June 5 - June11, 2022). The week kick started with its World Environment Day Message on 5.6.2022. The Chamber then participated in the ‘Green Walk’ hosted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in observance of ‘World Environment Day 2022‘ on the said day. The walk saw tremendous turnout from the Chamber signaling a great commitment from the local business community to contribute to a greener and more sustainable society.

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

In honour of the Biodiversity Week, the Chamber, through its Green Economy Committee coordinated a list of activities to spread more awareness about the need for a greener Guyana and more sustainable practices. These include but are not limited to the launching of the GCCI’s very own Eco Bingo, green business features showing the sustainable businesses of two of its members A& S and SBM Offshore; and a webinar on Green and Sustainable Finance for which the panelists were Dr. Mahendra Sharma, Chief Executive Officer, Guyana Energy Agency (GEA) and Mr Simon Thompson, Chief Executive Officer of the Chartered Banker Institute, Bangor, Wales. The week culminated in a tree planting exercise at the National Park, in collaboration with Protected Areas Commission where several fruits trees were planted.

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

All activities were executed under the theme “Connect with Earth’. According to the Chairperson of our Green Economy Committee, Ms. Shaleeza Shaw, “There is a need for a deeper appreciation of the symbiotic relationship between Earth and its inhabitants.”

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LEADING THE WAY IN UPCYCLING - EVERYTHING MAKES CRAFT

Everything makes Craft (EMC) has been the leading Upcycling company in Guyana since its origin in 2015. EMC is not just indigenous in its makeup, but it was formed quite by chance by a stay at home mom, Ms Christine DeCambra- Forrester, Managing Director and Artist, wanting to have more bonding activities to do with her children. Everything makes Craft impacts the lives of Guyanese by promoting skill development in creatives, empowering women, inspiring children, reducing waste through the promotion of upcycling. The business focuses on using everyday items that would have been otherwise discarded to make items. Starting with wine bottles and handmade cards, Christine has caught the attention of many other stay at home moms and their children, even going so far as collecting used water plastic bottles and storing them to use at her quarterly Kids Crafty Klass. Ms Christine DeCambra- Forrester is not only focused on children, but also women who live in high stress environments. In 2018, Christine was selected by the local Ministry of Education to receive a grant of 1M to teach upcycling to these women. This programme by EMC was encouraged by the Small Business Bureau. The programme was successful as today a few of the women are now supplying EMC with products for sales, and they receive top dollar for their items and resells. Catching the attention of many of the Embassies, EMC decorates

regularly, utilizing one of their statement pieces, the Plastic cup chandelier, along with the Egg Shell drapes. Building from a very strong support base of other stay at home moms, EMC has also proudly facilitated over twenty (20) successful Kids Crafty Klass sessions. This initiative allows EMC to educate the upcoming generation of youth in the concept of upcycling. Sprouting from this event has been an annual Upcycling Event for Kids- Bunny Fun Day. Bunny Fun Day’s main event is the Upcycling competition for children of all ages. This event not only allows for creativity in children and their parents, but also attracts the support of the private sector. Since its inception, Bunny Fun Day has motivated over 400 children to enter into the Upcycling Competition. Through this event EMC has built the capacity of over fifteen (15) youths who are interested in hosting similar events in their respective regions. At these events, volunteers make full use of many donations of toilet paper rolls, plastic bottles, and newspapers. EMC is recognised internationally for their efforts in promoting upcycling in Guyana. The company received a BrandYOUth 40 under 40 award and EMC was invited to have a booth at the New

Fire Festival in Trinidad to teach upcycling to the children who attended the festival. Additionally, the Small Business Bureau awarded EMC with an award in 2019.

The company is proud that its work has led to a significant reduction in the amount of household waste being generated, therefore, placing Guyana one step closer to attaining the United Nation’ Sustainable Development Goals (1,5,8,11, and 12). Upcycling in Guyana has been a movement, arguably started and maintained by EMC. Pre- 2015, there wasn’t much talk of upcycling. However, since then, Guyana has now seen many youths upcycling using different media, some of which are making purses using jeans. Being the face of upcycling in Guyana has allowed Christine to partner with several major environmental, non-governmental organizations in Guyana, two of which are The Caribbean Youth and Environment Network in Guyana, and The Policy Forum Guyana to either facilitate upcycling sessions with children or to judge upcycling competitions. Just recently, Everything makes Craft, facilitated an Art Therapy session through UNICEF and the Office of the First Lady of Guyana using upcycled supplies for example egg trays in place of paint palettes. Ms DeCambra’s dedication to upcycling and sustainability is evident in her commitment to environmentalism and green living. A proposed upcycling school which will be a valuable asset to the community, teaching others about the importance of sustainability. Future plans include the completion and publishing of EMC’s very own book aimed at teaching children how to do some upcycling crafts as well as organise a Bunny Fun Day in their communities. Only recently, in December 2022, she received the Georgetown Chamber of Commerce & Industry’s Green Award for her outstanding work in upcycling. Christine’s advice to persons out there is to really pursue your passion. It really pays off when you’re doing something you love. Stick with it even in the down days, it will pay off in due time.

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Everything makes Craft is a member of the Georgetown Chamber of Commerce & Industry.

LEADING THE WAY IN UPCYCLING - MR. CLAIRMONT CALEB

Clairmont Caleb also known as Salassie grew up in Matthew’s Ridge, Region One. He went on to attend Port Kaituma Secondary School. He joined the workforce at an early age to fend for his living and gravitated to the construction sector. Five years ago, he moved into the Great Diamond Community on the East Bank of Demerara. He is currently a small self-employed construction worker capable of handling plumbing, carpentry, masonry, tiling and painting. Clairmont, having come from humble beginnings, is a person who does not like to see wastage of any kind. Consequently, he developed the craftsmanship of converting wooden pallets to admirable chair sets. He noted when cushions are added to them the finish is remarkable.

Clairmont advised that the sense of satisfaction he feels in seeing a finished piece makes it worth the while. He conveyed he is happy that by making such furniture, he is helping to reduce solid waste and possibly reducing the number of trees being cut down from our forests. His advice to others is, “recycle where you can.”

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

CONVERTING SOLID WASTE TO BEAUTIFUL GIFTS - MRS. MENA CHETTY an

colourful creative cakes.

For the average person, empty bottle or box is discarded and added to the solid waste for disposal each week. This is certainly not the case with Mrs. Mena Chetty. Currently a housewife, and more popularly known as Annie, Mrs. Chetty has had a creative heart from her youthful age. Annie in past years did catering with some of the most stylish and

A number of birthdays, weddings and other special occasions were graced with her skillful hand iced cakes. While she has long ceased catering, family and friends are sometimes lucky and happy when she still surprises them with one of her artistic iced cakes. Fast forward to 2020 when the Covid -19 pandemic was affecting the entire world and outgoing activities were constrained, in her spare time Mena got right back into her creative world to occupy her time and keep her grandson engaged. As a hobby, she began to recycle wine bottles, soda bottles, cardboard and other discards and convert them into beautiful pieces that can be gifted to others. Many of her close friends and family were amazed with some of the pieces she created and gifted with her patient hands. Some of her handiworks are shown below.

While Mena is passionate about her new hobby, when asked whether she would contemplate it as a business, she remained hesistant. Nonetheless, Mena is cognizant that her creations are aiding in solid waste management and the reduction of our carbon footprint. In her words, “I am fully committed to doing my part to preserve our environment.”

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

SEAGLASS AND SHELL CRAFT - MR. FRANKIE LIMERICK

Frankie Limerick hales from Beterverwagting, East Coast Demerara. As a child he liked fixing puzzles. So on visits to the seashore, he would collect shells and seaglass and take them back home to make puzzles. This favorite pastime since childhood days remained with Mr Limerick. After working with Rayon House of Fashion for many years, he started his own business with his childhood hobby and passion. Today he has his own shell and seaglass craft business which boosts a variety of creative pieces ranging from jewel boxes, necklaces and photo frames to mirrors, lamps, jars, Guyana Maps and chandelier lights. While twenty years has slipped by very quickly, Mr Limerick is happy that he followed his dream and is doing what he loves.

Go Green GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

GREEN MINING PRACTICES - EXCEL GUYANA

Sustainability in the mining sector with green technologies

Guyana is a resource-rich country, and it has been strategically utilizing these resources to improve the quality of life in the country. Aside from oil, the gold mining industry is also a large contributor to its economy estimated at $350M from 2005 to 2014. It is also the world-leading supplier of bauxite with around 350 million tons of reserve. And, diamond produces approximately 35,000 carats yearly from the mines at the Guiana Highlands where four mountain ranges converge. Most of the key players in the mining industry still practice and use traditional methods of mining. Among the prevalent issues in the mining industry that affect the environment include the use of mercury which put people at risk, rampant deforestation, and resource exhaustion. Faced with these concerns and influenced by the global concern for the environment and the impacts of climate change, the country has been exerting its best efforts to transition to more sustainable means of advancing its economy. But what does “green mining” really mean? Green mining can be in two forms: underground or surface. Green mining includes all facets of a mining operation. This means that to say that a mining site is sustainable, the implementation of green initiatives is system and operation wide. Thus, it aims to achieve the following: 1. Reduce power use through comminution efficiency and the use of hydrometallurgical practices; 2. Reduce fuel and maintenance through optimizing equipment route, the conduct of training simulations, conversion of natural gas, and utilizing fuel additives; 3. Reduce emission through management of dust, sequestering carbon, and bioleaching the interior;

4. Reducing water use thru AMD remediation, processing of wastewater, remediation of tailings, and desalination; and 5. Other strategies such as bleaching of the interior and bioremediation. As evidence of these efforts is the collaboration among the Guyana Geology and Mines Commission (GGMC), Guyana Gold & Diamond Miners Association, and Conservation International – Guyana to advance green development in the mining sector that will reduce the damage to the environment while ensuring enhanced efficiency and livelihood improvement. The World Wildlife Fund and GGMC also partnered to implement national capacity-building efforts, education and awarenessraising activities, and conduct baseline studies within the gold mining sector. In this partnership, both parties created a National Action Plan that aims to stop the use of mercury, update the mining Code of Practices, map out the mercury distribution flows in the country to better craft targets, and most especially, to efficiently use the income from mining to fund a diversified economy that aligns with sustainable development. How can this be achieved? 1. Choose lower-impact mining techniques. Instead of openpit or underground mining, opt for in-situ leaching which reduces surface disturbance and lowers the risk of soil erosion while moving fewer materials for backfilling. These kinds of options help reduce environmental impact and result in less work when preparing a site for quicker revegetation or rehabilitation. 2. Utilization of eco-friendly equipment. Companies may switch to battery-powered equipment to replace dieselpowered machinery. This can significantly reduce the overall CO2 emission coming from the mining sector. The use of more durable equipment can also help reduce the need to constantly dispose of old equipment, thus also reducing waste.

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this industry for this eventuality, alternative livelihoods must be created starting with capacitating these workers to engage in different kinds of economic enterprise. Given this direction, Guyana’s vision for a more sustainable mining sector will increase the confidence of investors. When establishing businesses in the country, partnering with the locals will help reduce costs and increase the chances of success. Excel Guyana is the right partner for the job considering its extensive experience in government and governance, recruitment and labour, finances, security, travel and immigration, aerial survey and GIS mapping, procurement and logistics, and many more. Sources: - https://nre.gov.gy/environmental-management-in-the-mining-sector-wwf/ - https://guyanesebank.com/what-you-need-to-know-about-guyanas-miningindustry/ - https://www.conservation.org/blog/guyana-aims-to-shift-economy-from-goldto-green/ - https://r.search.yahoo.com/_ylt=AwrxzWre.5FiHi4AOEmzRwx.;_ ylu=Y29sbwNzZzMEcG9zAzEEdnRpZAMEc2VjA3Ny/RV=2/RE=1653763167/ RO=10/RU=https%3a%2f%2fwww.conservation.org%2fblog%2fguyanaaims-to-shift-economy-from-gold-to-green%2f/RK=2/RS=tRFTvAVrN29. nYFR0HfIeoukZks- https://www.expertmarketresearch.com/reports/green-mining-market - https://empoweringpumps.com/5-ways-to-make-mining-more-sustainable/

For more information and Excel Guyana Inc, please contact us at tel no: 223-0646/223-0648 or 699-0625; ksammy@ excelguyana.com or visit website: excelguyana.com 3. Rehabilitation of mining sites. Instead of just abandoning mining sites, companies must rehabilitate the land to make the land productive again for other purposes. Mining areas must have their own integrated natural resource management planning that incorporates rehabilitation efforts. Among the tried and tested methods is the use of biosolids to replenish the depleted topsoil and reforestation efforts to restore the ecosystem. 4. Shutting down illegal mining sites. Illegal mining sites can only operate if they are left unaccountable for the damage that they cause. The government must take a more aggressive stance in apprehending and penalizing violators to discourage illegal mining activities. 5. Reuse mining waste. Mining waste includes tailings, rocks, and wastewater. There are a lot of means to reuse these wastes instead of just disposing of them. Tailings that are oftentimes toxic and stored in dams can be used in agroforestry and construction. Rocks can be used in backfilling and in preventing soil erosion. And, mine water, if treated can be used in industries that do not necessarily require the use of potable supply. 6. Improving the overall sustainability of the mining sector. Mining thrives because of two reasons. The first is due to its economic contribution to the country and the second is job creation. Mined resources are not infinite, thus mining operations in a certain area will only last for a few years. To prepare the workers in

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

BEING TRUE TO THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL COMMITMENTS - DUNAE TRADING COMPANY INC. was that they were able to try them in their own home and with their most sensitive customer…..and it worked!!! Her husband did all of the numbers and the financing and they started their first production in 2013. The reviews were encouraging but they did not have a plan for distribution and continuity so the idea was shelved for a few more years. This period of time was spent reformulating and developing all the business tenets needed including sourcing financing and outfitting a suitable operation. The couple advised they had a lot of support from MANY persons and organizations along the way for which they remain forever grateful. In 2018, the duo revisited the idea when they returned home from a job stint Mr Younge had in the Caribbean. At that time, climate change conversations had erupted across the globe because of the increasing number of natural disasters that were occurring and hence their focus was turned inward when they realize how heavily plagued by flooding Guyana had become. A major contributor was the number of plastic bottle waste that were accumulating in drains and waterways across the country. They became consumed with how to distribute their products without adding to the problem the country already faced and this gave birth to their Detergent Refill Concept. Dunae Trading Company Inc is thriving business that positively impacts on our environment. Its humble Directors, Dwayne Younge (the Chief Executive Officer) and his wife, Melissa Younge (the Chief Operations Officer) with much diligence and patience, and belief in their product, in 2018, built their business into a success, the now popularly known brand, Tidy Up Liquid Detergents. Tidy Up Liquid Detergents is a family-owned, Christian business which started as a husband-wife partnership. Dwayne Younge, a Civil Engineer by profession and Melissa Younge, a Chemist, both born, bred and schooled right here in Guyana began their business in a small kitchen with a wooden paddle and bucket but with big dreams. They relayed that their daughter was quite small at the time and had been diagnosed with eczema and some food allergies which made her skin almost always irritated and covered with rashes. Many doctors’ visits, lots of medications to purchase and lots of changes to our lifestyle to accommodate the care she needed (e.g types of food she could eat, types of clothes she could wear and of course, types of detergent to be used for her laundry and personal hygiene led to them beginning to think of ways to manage the family budget with the mounting expenses and changes that needed to be made. Melissa Younge and her husband began experimenting with different materials in varying proportions to make simple things like laundry detergent, hand soaps and dish liquids. There were many tiring days and nights of trial and error before they managed to formulate their first products but the best part

The business’s objectives is to provide affordably-priced, quality cleaning agents across the length and breadth of Guyana in a way that prevents further degradation of the environment. For them, the business encouraged adopting environmentallyfriendly measures and money saving options so that one can manage their limited household finances much better without compromising on the quality of products they purchase. Additionally, the customer is once again empowered to purchase as much or as little as they require, the choice is theirs. Dunae Trading Company Inc is a very low carbon driven business based on its 3R Concept. The 3 Rs are Reuse, Refill and Reduce. The managing officers believe that if you REUSE plastic bottles to REFILL their detergents you can REDUCE the amount of plastic pollution in the environment. It means that you prolong the time it would take to add a second, third or fourth container to the environment, every one of which, takes hundreds of years to disintegrate (not even degrade). If more and more persons choose reuse options, it would reduce demand for plastics and thus over time, reduce the production volumes of plastics worldwide. The company noted that the emissions and pollution associated with plastic production and the burden of plastic waste management and degradation are reduced when persons choose to reuse. The company has had a very steady growth trajectory which was further propelled during the COVID-19 pandemic as they had developed the capacity to respond to the needs of the market. The couple advised they have seen increased demands for all their products from all facets of society.

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Today, in just about five years, the company boosts 30 locations across country. Its main office hosts 13 employees while 2 outlets host an additional 5 employees for a total of 18 permanent and temporary staff. However, their business’s distribution strategy is based on franchising whereby they sell their Tidyup Franchise to entrepreneurs across the country who are authorized distributors of their products. In this way the business model employs as much as an additional 30 staff at the varying locations nationwide creating much needed employment.

When asked what ADVICE they would offer to others, they responded work hard, do not give up, put God first in ALL in you. They also added they would admonish young entrepreneurs to employ good money management practices, be consistent and finally, be patient with the process. The Younges’ said they wish to thank their valued customers for their support through the years and are grateful for their loyalty even through some turbulent times. They themselves recommitted to their initial pillars to provide a quality product at an affordable price.

According to the couple, it was not easy sailing all the way. Challenges included high shipping and raw material costs, delays and disruptions on the world markets, consistent management of the quality of their products and increased market competition. But they have remain steadfast with the support a network built over the years and introduction of a new and modern location. In addition, the company is currently implementing its ISO and HSE Management and Systems to bring it in conformance with international standards. As to the future, their primary goal remains to be a Guyanese household name. As such, Guyanese should expect increased awareness, availability and improved quality of products. To accomplish this, they are committed to improving their visibility through ads, promotions, apps, additional locations and an elevated customer experience. The company indicated that it will also be introducing its own luxury line of fragrances for their laundry and fabric softeners.

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

THE FUTURE OF DEVELOPMENT: BUILDING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT IN MIND - E & A CONSULTANTS INC.

The Future of Development: Building with the Environment in Mind

Sustainable infrastructural development should be used to maintain a respectful interaction between the environment, the buildings we design, and the people who work on them. This approach results in the conservation of resources for current and future generations by developing projects that sustain societies, the environment, and the economy. At E&A Consultants Inc., sustainability plays a significant role in how we approach the work that we do. Functioning in this complex 21st century guarantees that we are faced with challenges of climate change, pollution, deforestation, extinction of species, and many other environmental threats. These are the very things that test the boundaries of our company and see that we adapt in order to effectively handle the situations placed before us. The emergence of Guyana’s promising oil and gas industry undoubtedly has a positive impact on the country’s economy and serves as a catalyst for development. It is evident that construction is booming and is expected to continue with the development of new roadways, bridges, hotels, recreational facilities, power plants, shore bases, and many other facilities. What is important to note is that each of these projects carries an environmental footprint and as such, it is vital that we plan, design, construct and operate with sustainability in mind. As architects, engineers and environmentalists, at E&A Consultants Inc., we are proud to provide a comprehensive range of environmental services to our clients. From the planning and designing phase, our skilled architects are able to incorporate sustainable designs into our clients’ infrastructure to maximize natural light, utilize natural ventilation, preserve scenic views, and harness natural cooling from trees and any other feature desired by the clients to enhance their well-being and promote harmony with nature. During the pre-construction phase, depending on the nature of the proposed project, our environmental team provides regulatory support to ensure our clients have all the required permits from the local Regulatory Agencies. In addition, where

mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency, our team conducts Environmental and Social Impact Assessments and prepares Environmental Social Management Plans on our clients’ behalf. During the construction and operation phase, we provide Health, Safety, Security, and Environmental monitoring services in an effort to ensure clients are fully compliant with the Laws of Guyana. Our portfolio of environmental surveys includes air, soil, surface water, and groundwater studies, these are done before the implementation of projects and at recommended intervals during the operation of the projects. To ensure that we give the best to our clients each time, our team consistently advocates for green features. This proves to be useful as our clients have been extremely receptive to the recommendations we have given! However, there are still several challenges faced by clients in accessing and financing green initiatives. These include the unavailability of green building materials on the local market and in cases where these materials are available, the price of traditional building materials is more competitive. Because of this, most clients tend to gravitate towards more affordable materials. In our 25 years of experience, we found that locals are more green-conscious in theory than in practice but given that sustainable building is now gaining traction, we would gently guide them in the eco-friendly direction by recommending basic measures such as landscaping, rainwater harvesting, energy-efficient lighting, and natural ventilation, with the aim of going full-fledged green in the near future. At E&A Consultants Inc., we continue to promote green development as our skilled team brings together Science, Engineering, and Architecture to help clients implement sustainable projects. We are proud to be designing and building Guyana with the future in mind so that we can all enjoy a healthier environment now, and for many generations to come! We are proud to be a member of the Georgetown Chambers of Commerce and Industry.

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LEADING THE WAY IN SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT - SBM OFFSHORE

When SBM Offshore entered the Guyana market in 2016, the company brought with it not only an unparalleled expertise and reputation as the global leader in floating solutions for the energy industry, but a determination and commitment to leave a positive, green footprint in the country. SBM Offshore is the company that has been contracted by Esso Exploration and Production Guyana Limited (EEPGL) to construct, lease, operate and maintain the floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessels for oil production offshore Guyana. In 2019, the company delivered the Liza Destiny FPSO, which was followed by the Liza Unity FPSO in 2022. The construction of a third vessel—the Prosperity FPSO—is well underway while the front-end engineering and design studies for the ‘One Guyana’ FPSO have been completed. Since its establishment in Guyana five years ago, the company has embedded itself in the business community while growing its local team. Close to 50 percent of the personnel supporting its operations in the country are Guyanese, with local business specialist Martin Cheong leading as the General Manager. As it continues to expand its local operations, SBM Offshore is resolute in its Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) approach, which is closely aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that guide the company’s vision for the future. With a strong commitment to playing its role in the energy transition towards Net Zero, SBM Offshore is leading a series of initiatives geared towards sustainable development and responsible operations. Pursuit of sustainability Directly related to the company’s operations is the emissionZERO® programme, which aims to introduce floating energy production solutions with near zero emissions. As part of this programme, the company also seeks to use green energy to power the business while executing low-emission projects. Business partners and stakeholders are also encouraged to pursue such targets. Among the Sustainable Development projects being pursued in Guyana are the Green Farms Initiative, the Chrysalis Project and the Hubu Aquaculture Project. Through the Green Farms Initiative, SBM Offshore provides financial, technical, and advisory support to Plympton Farms, a locallyowned and operated farm located along the Linden/ Soesdyke Highway. The company is supporting the farm in the creation of an innovative agriculture and business model that will make Guyana’s agriculture market globally competitive, and provide employment and income-earning opportunities for over 100 people. The produce from this farm is supplied to the FPSOs offshore, as well as to the company’s onshore caterers which reduces imports and provides fresh, healthy produce for

consumption. Construction of a modern greenhouse facility is currently underway at the farm. Similarly, SBM offshore is funding the development of Hubu Aqua Farms through its Hubu Aquaculture Project. Through this initiative, local aquafarmers will be trained in the rearing of premium shrimp and prawns, and the requisite facilities— including a hatchery and 25 grow-out ponds—are being developed at Hubu, Essequibo Islands, West Demerara. This project is anticipated to significantly reduce the import of seafood, while produce from this project will be supplied for consumption onboard the FPSOs. The facilities will be powered by solar energy and will utilize advanced technologies that will allow for sustainable growth. In its journey of supplying safe, sustainable and affordable energy for the generation to come, SBM Offshore has elected to sponsor the development of a young start-up called ‘Earthwake’. Earthwake has developed the ‘Chrysalis’ which converts plastic waste into diesel and gasoline on a small-scale basis. The original intention of Earthwake is to deploy the Chrysalis in emerging countries where the fuel can be donated to remote villages that relies on diesel and gas-powered generators for electricity. SBM Offshore will deploy the first Chrysalis in Guyana. It will be operated by Guyanese, and it will also be an education project relative to plastic waste disposal and recycling. The company’s dedication to sustainability is made evident by the appointment of a Sustainability and Social Impact Program Development Officer. Guyanese, Mr. Recardo Bovell serves in this capacity, and he noted that these projects are also geared towards developing the communities in which they are established. Meanwhile, Mr. Cheong, the General Manager, emphasised that the company’s commitment to sustainability is grounded in the desire to create a better future for generations to come, while being a good corporate citizen. “One of the things we really look for in selecting projects is the integration into the community and also the supply chain for the project so we’re looking at vertical, horizontal integration into the economy,” he said.

SBM Offshore is a member of the Georgetown Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

THE FUTURE OF DECARBONIZATION: ESG AND GROWING BUSINESSES - CERULEAN INC

Introduction: In an era of growing environmental awareness and sustainable practices, decarbonization and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) challenges have emerged as crucial elements defining the future of expanding businesses. This article explores the opportunities and potential challenges that ESG and decarbonization may present for businesses.

Governance: ESG schemes emphasize openness, accountability, and ethical business operations. Good governance may strengthen Guyana’s institutions, minimize corruption, and improve public administration. Foreign direct investment stimulates the economy and creates jobs and therefore investor confidence is an imperative.

Decarbonization and Reduced Carbon Emissions: A Step Toward Sustainability Decarbonization, primarily carried out to combat climate change, is the process of reducing or ceasing carbon emissions. As society and governments embrace sustainability, businesses are pressured to transition to low-carbon operations. Although this transformation has its challenges, there are also many opportunities. Utilizing renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and implementing sustainable practices can all help reduce carbon footprints, improve reputational value, and draw in eco-aware clients.

Access to Capital: Socially responsible investors and financial institutions prefer ESG-compliant companies and projects. Investment in sustainable infrastructure, renewable energy, and inclusive growth can benefit developing nations like Guyana.

The lowering or complete ceasing of carbon emissions is mainly done to fight climate change. Businesses are pressured to switch to low-carbon investment to coincide with society and governments’ shift to embrace sustainability. While difficulties are associated with this change, there are also enormous opportunities. Reducing carbon footprints, boosting energy efficiency, and developing sustainable policies to boost reputational value and draw in investors and customers who care about the environment. ESG: A Comprehensive Business Approach The terms “environmental, social, and governance” (ESG) factors refer to more than just carbon emissions. ESG metrics evaluate how well a firm uses resources, manages waste, employs workers, values diversity, upholds ethical standards, and practices corporate governance. For sustainable growth, integrating ESG into corporate plans has become crucial. Companies that emphasize ESG metrics reduce risks, increase stakeholder trust, attract talent, and get access to capital from ethical investors looking to create long-term value. Environmental Sustainability: ESG schemes promote carbon reduction, ecological protection and biodiversity, renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and responsible forestry. Guyana’s biodiversity and rainforests can be protected and sustainably managed by implementing ESG systems. ESG systems emphasize human rights, labour norms, and community development. Guyana can address poverty, inequality, and basic service access utilizing these programs. Education, healthcare, gender equality, and inclusive economic growth are a few benefits.

Climate Change Mitigation: Guyana as a resource-dependent nation is especially vulnerable to climate change. Promoting renewable energy, sustainable land use, and climate change adaptation, an ESG scheme can assist the country move to a low-carbon economy. This can help mitigate climate change and strengthen Guyana’s environmental resilience. International Reputation: ESG schemes can boost a country’s reputation as a responsible and sustainable investment destination. Sustainable development groups and governments can partner, transfer technology, and share information with it. This can boost Guyana’s economy. Innovation and competitive advantage: Businesses have many opportunities to differentiate themselves from the competition by embracing decarbonization and ESG. By adopting sustainable practices, businesses can stand out from rivals, attract consumers who care about the environment, and get access to developing markets for green products. Additionally, innovation is frequently driven by decarbonization and ESG strategic objectives. Businesses are encouraged to create greener technologies, alternatives for renewable energy, and sustainable goods and services that promote innovation and stimulate the economy. Investor Expectations and Capital Access: There has been a noticeable trend towards ESG-focused investing in the economic environment. The performance of a company’s ESG initiatives is becoming a more important consideration for institutional investors and asset managers when making investment decisions. Businesses prioritizing ESG and showing their dedication to sustainability have a higher chance of attracting funding and obtaining advantageous financing arrangements. On the other hand, companies that disregard ESG issues may need help securing funding and risk falling behind in a changing industry.

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Governments worldwide are putting legislation and policies in place to encourage decarbonization and uphold ESG norms. These actions include carbon prices, emissions reduction goals, financial incentives for renewable energy, and required ESG reporting. Businesses must negotiate this dynamic regulatory framework to achieve compliance and avoid potential fines. Thoughtful companies understand that early compliance with such rules can give them a competitive edge and help them prepare for the future. To combat climate change, the business sector must implement sustainable practices and reduce carbon emissions. As a market-based incentive to reduce emissions, carbon allowances have developed. However, carbon credit trading’s complexity and lack of transparency have hindered its widespread adoption. In this article, we have attempted to cast light on these issues in order to help businesses understand carbon credits and their significance in actively participating in carbon-offsetting activities, thereby facilitating the transition to a low-carbon economy. In conclusion, growing firms must consider how decarbonization and ESG affect them. The advantages of embracing sustainability, including ESG factors, and prioritizing decarbonization activities include improved reputation, competitive advantage, capital availability, and possibilities for long-term growth. Businesses that adapt and uphold these principles will be well-positioned for success in a changing world.

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SUPPORTING SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES - BARAMA COMPANY LIMITED

Barama Company Limited (BCL) is Guyana’s largest investment in the history of the forest sector and currently provides employment to over 250 individuals. It is also the second longest Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the country. BCL is proud of the fact that it is the only plywood producing company in Guyana and the largest in the Caribbean delivering a tropical hardwood plywood of excellent quality mainly from the species such as Baromalli, Maho, and Ulu.

Timber remains a crucial forest product used in the construction of furniture, buildings and other infrastructure. This widely used commodity, which is a renewable and recyclable resource, is also being transformed into value-added products. Locally, Barama Company Limited, is a leader in this transformation as it continuously aims to deliver quality.

plywood processing, the value of these LUS was multiplied by at least two and a half (2.5) times to create a local 100% valueadded product. The entire plywood manufacturing process commences from cutting of logs to sizes, peeling the logs (rotary) into veneers of different thickness, drying, composing (piecing together smaller sheets), assembling and gluing. Thereafter, the sheets are passed through both a cold press and hot press, doubled sawed to trim edges and meet specifications, then forwarded to the sanding machine before moving to the inspection section where they are graded. Rejects are removed from the assembly line before finished plywood is packaged. The company’s operations adapts green sustainable practices with no wastage. Small sheets and broken portions of veneer are composed to make larger market required sheets; edges and other waste are used to fuel boilers at the company to provide steam for the factory operations, and reduce the use of fossil fuel; and trimmed edges are used to make pallets to sit semiprocessed and processed plywood. Surpluses in this area are also distributed to other businesses which require firewood for their boilers or operations. Barama Company Limited which is a member of the Georgetown Chamber of Commerce and Industry is committed to following sustainable forest management practices in the production process of plywood, a green product from a sustainable source. BCL which has a high compliance with occupational health and safety as staff are duly equipped with protective and safety gear has been in operation for over three decades in Guyana. With the emergence of ESG (Environmental, Social, and

BCL’s operations fall under Guyana’s forestry sector and the company is highly cognizant of the importance of sustainable forest management practices. The company recognizes that the forest is a haven for many health benefits, in addition to improving our health and well-being, providing clean air, producing food, combating climate change via carbon sequestration, and purification of our water resources. Plywood is a product that is environmentally friendly as it is bio-degradable. In keeping with the revised Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS) 2030, plywood is produced from a “sustainably managed” (selective logging) renewable resources. Timber products sourced from our sustainably managed forests are positive contributors to the efforts of carbon mitigation on two accounts. One is that the mature trees are harvested which creates opportunities for younger offspring with greater vigour and appetite for carbon sequestration to take over the managed forest canopy gaps and secondly, the timber product itself acts as storage of carbon, thereby slowing down the rate of emissions. The timber used to produce BCL’s plywood is considered Lesser Used Species (LUS) which are usually only used for temporary formboards (for cement casting) and then discarded. Through the

Governance) expectations of businesses; the company takes pride in the fact that employment of female staff accounts for 40% of its total staff complement. The company which was a recipient of the Georgetown Chamber of Commerce and Industry’s Corporate Citizenship Award in December 2022 also supports numerous small and communal loggers from Regions 1, 2, 6, 7, and 10. The company therefore supports not only permanent jobs but hundreds of indirect jobs and families.

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TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE SECURITY INDUSTRY - PROFESSIONAL GUARD SERVICES INC

via WhatsApp. This move not only reduces paper usage but also streamlines communication and enhances efficiency within the organization. Furthermore, PGS has replaced traditional payroll cheques with an electronic payroll system. By opting for direct deposits, the company has eliminated the need for most paper cheques, reducing paper waste and the associated carbon emissions resulting from cheque distribution. The Company has also signed up for e-Banking service which reduces the use of paper for bank statements, debit notes and other forms of correspondence.

Introduction Businesses from a range of industries are realizing the importance of adopting sustainable practices in an age where environmental awareness is at the forefront. Leading security provider, Professional Guard Services Inc (PGS) has taken the initiative to become environmentally conscious. They are at the forefront of the security sector and displaying their dedication to a sustainable future by putting into practice a range of sustainability measures aimed at greater eco-friendliness within a sector that is not traditionally considered easy to be overtly environmentally conscious or eco-friendly. At the core of PGS’s path to being a sustainable business in the next ten (10) years is its universal policy of investment in people and country- Join, Build and Grow! Supporting Local: PGS’ Commitment to Local Businesses PGS firmly believes in the importance of supporting local businesses as part of their sustainability policy. By embracing the philosophy of “Buy Local,” PGS not only supports the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from imports but also plays a role in building local businesses and creating job opportunities. PGS is the only security company, to date, that sources all its uniforms (100%) locally. This provides enormous support to a number of small businesses including a number of women led enterprises such as Primo’s Sewing Establishment in Buxton that employs women from the nearby community. In addition, every Christmas, PGS partners with local providers to promote products and non-plastic, reusable bags instead of traditional gift bags. This conscious decision to use recyclable bags impacts more than 300 employees and clients, and serves to minimize plastic and paper wastage throughout the year while actively contributing to the growth of local economies and promoting environmentally safe solutions. Paper: Streamlining Operations for a Paperless Future PGS has traditionally relied heavily on paper-based processes but recognizing the environmental impact of excessive paper consumption, the company has taken significant steps to reduce their reliance on it. One of the primary measures implemented is the transition from paper-based rosters to digital ones shared

PGS has also taken steps to maximize the use of each sheet of paper for those forms that cannot at this stage be transitioned, by resizing and reformatting forms, thereby reducing the overall consumption. Additionally, they have found an innovative way to repurpose shredded paper by using it as compost. This not only prevents paper waste but also contributes to the promotion of sustainable gardening practices. Moreover, PGS has embraced email as the primary mode of correspondence, minimizing the need for printed letters and memos. This shift towards digital communication not only saves paper but also reduces transportation emissions associated with physical mail delivery and dissemination. Electricity: Illuminating the Path to Energy Efficiency PGS is aware of how crucial energy saving is to lowering their carbon footprint. As first steps towards establishing a more energy-efficient workplace, they have put in place a number of programs that greatly improve energy efficiency. The business switched from conventional lighting to energy-saving LED lights along with time control sensors. Additionally, the company has switched out traditional air conditioners for inverter units. Conclusion PGS has emerged as a shining example in the security industry, taking bold steps towards sustainable practices. Through their commitment to energy efficiency, paper reduction, and fuel conservation, they are actively contributing to a greener future. By prioritizing environmental responsibility, the company sets an inspiring precedent for the security industry as a whole. As businesses continue to embrace sustainable practices, Professional Guard Services serves as a beacon of hope, demonstrating that even in the realm of security, a green revolution is possible. PGS is a member of the Georgetown Chamber of Commerce. It specializes in delivering professional and skilled physical and digital security solutions to businesses and corporations across the country including a number of ISPS certified sites. Services include armed and unarmed guards, cash transport, patrol service, escort service, tracking, and control and crowd management. On April 14, 2023, the company celebrated forty (40) years of making it safe for businesses in Guyana, having been a trusted partner with well screened and well trained security staff, and the founding member of the Guyana Association of Private Security Organizations (GAPSO).

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TRAIL BLAZING RENEWABLE ENERGY AND OTHER SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS - FARFAN AND MENDES

2020 FMCG Inc. trading as Farfan and Mendes commenced business in Guyana in 1960, pre-independence, and was officially incorporated in July 1967. Farfan and Mendes is a leading supplier of industrial products, equipment, and services to the mining, oil and gas, forestry, agriculture, and construction sectors. With a focus on quality, safety, and customer satisfaction, Farfan and Mendes has established a reputation as one of the most trusted and reliable companies in the local business community.

of construction and O&M services for solar photovoltaic plants. This partnership to fulfil Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) locally is a part of the Government of Guyana’s plan to promote renewable energy, decarbonize the electricity generation matrix and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Concrete Canvas

Farfan and Mendes and Soventix Caribbean receive prestigious CREF Award for Lethem Solar Project In April 2023, Farfan and Mendes and Soventix Caribbean were joint recipients of an award by the Caribbean Renewable Energy Forum (CREF) and honoured on stage at the 15th annual CREF in Miami, for the Best Energy Storage Project for the Lethem Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) project. This project consisted of a state-of-the-art hybrid system combining a solar photovoltaic plant, a battery energy storage system (BESS) integrated with the existing traditional energy generation systems. It was funded through the Inter-American Development Bank with the aim of bringing affordable and reliable electricity to the remote town of Lethem, Guyana redounding to the benefit of many citizens especially our indigenous communities. The project which involved the installation of a 1MW solar plant and 571kWh battery storage will provide power to the Lethem grid, and is expected to significantly reduce diesel consumption.

In November 2022, Farfan and Mendes ambitiously embarked on the provision of sustainable concrete drainage solutions in Guyana by signing a partnership agreement with the United Kingdom’s (UK) Concrete Canvas. The signing of the agreement by Andrew Mendes, Managing-Director, Farfan & Mendes and Will Crawford, Director, Concrete Canvas. (Standing from L-R): Sherwyn Naughton, Country Director for Trade, British High Commission; Jane Miller, British High Commissioner; Will Crawford, Director, Concrete Canvas; Andrew Mendes, Managing-Director, Farfan & Mendes; President Dr Irfaan Ali; and Anand Harrilall, Head, Planning and Development, Farfan & Mendes (Office of the President photo)

Concrete Canvas is part of a revolutionary new class of construction materials that is flexible and durable, and better known as Geosynthetic Cementitious Composite Mats (GCCMs). The compound (concrete filled geotextile) hardens with hydration and forms a thin, durable, and waterproof concrete layer. Essentially, it’s Concrete on a Roll.

Farfan & Mendes and Soventix Caribbean officials receive their award from CREF Official PHOTO CREDIT: CREF 2023

Farfan and Mendes is a leading provider of industrial equipment and supplies in Guyana, and Soventix Caribbean, based in the Dominican Republic, is a leading developer and service provider

Concrete Canvas GCCM allows concrete construction without the need for plant or mixing equipment. It simply requires the addition of water. This canvas can be used for erosion control, weed suppression, slope protection and much more, and it’s ten (10) times faster to install. Being Eco-friendly, Concrete Canvas has a lower carbon footprint when compared to conventional concrete, using up to 95% less materials for many applications. GCCM is now available exclusively at Farfan and Mendes stores in Guyana.

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DNV Certification

Farfan and Mendes, Hose and Rigging Division has achieved DNV type approval certification for the manufacture and repair of wire rope slings for cargo carrying units manufactured to the DNV 2.7-1 standard. The certification recognises the division’s ability to provide high-quality and safe products and services to its customers and its commitment to deliver this standard. This achievement by Farfan and Mendes represents a significant milestone in the company’s efforts to meet international standards of quality and excellence and satisfy emerging ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) expectations of businesses. With this game-changing recognition, Farfan and Mendes can now play a greater role in Guyana’s oil and gas sector whilst helping to boost the capacity of Guyanese companies, expand local content capabilities, and contribute to the growth and development of the market. Farfan and Mendes is a member of the Georgetown Chamber of Commerce and has been serving the Guyanese community for over six decades.

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GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

GREEN ECONOMY COMMITTEE MEMBERS

Shaleeza Shaw,

Chairperson/Managing Director Opulent Consultancy Inc

Kris Sammy,

Eon Stephens,

Vice Chair/Stakeholder Liaison Advisor - Tullow Guyana

Amelia Veeren,

Chief Executive Officer - Excel Guyana

Registrar Rajiv Gandhi University of Science and Technology

Brian Edwards,

Monisha Fiona Kench,

Managing Director - Green Agro Services & Supplies Inc

Samuel Arjoon,

General Manager, SM Jaleel & Co Ltd

Clinical Administrator and ICS Coordinate - Texila American University

Candelle Bostwick,

Chief Executive Officer with Global Compliance Service Guyana Inc.

Sreebala Kumar,

Director Operations - Texila American University

Melanie Mc Turk,

Administration Director-Professional Guard Service

Miranda Thakur-Deen,

Founder of Atlantic Alliance, Maritime and Offshore Training Institute

Sheik Hanif,

Regional Team Leader-Customer Experience Arapaima Logistics Inc

Shaam Outar,

Managing Director-Merchant Marine Services Guyana Inc/A & S Enterprise and Agate Infrastructure & Construction Inc

Mary Nagasar,

Fire Manager/Director - Hand In Hand Mutual Fire Insurance Company Limited

Bolaji Opeyemi Tuase,

Chief Executive Officer -Blena Digital Services

Tricia Singh,

Environmental Microbiologist/ Laboratory Technician CARIRI

GREEN GUYANA || ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT