The Magic of
“Moonlight Stories”
One of Keisha Edwards’ pieces from her Moonlight Stories collection. The collection was inspired by the moon, reinterpreting the shape, form, light and shadows created by the moon drawing us in with her luminous beauty. “I wanted her to captivate and enthrall, so I used Italian satin for gleaming matted shine and satin faced organza for translucent softness and feminine lines around her shoulder blades,” Keisha told the Pepperpot Magazine (Carl Croker Photo)
Sunday, May 29, 2022
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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, May 29, 2022
New to Science!
- Seven plant and animal species discovered in Iwokrama forest
A new species of broad-nosed bat. (Images compliments of Iwokrama)
OVER the past decade or so, research has established that seven plant and animal species that are new to science have been discovered in the Iwokra-
New beetle species
ma forest. It is believed that more will be forthcoming in the not- too-distant future. The Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest
Conservation and Development shared the research that was done that led to the discovery of the new species on the occasion of International Biodiversity Day, which was celebrated last May 22 under the theme, “Building a shared future for all life.” In a subsequent interview with Pepperpot Magazine, Director of Resource Management and Training, Dr Raquel Thomas-Caesar, called attention to the research work that has been ongoing by the agency over the past two decades. Researchers come in from different parts of the world to work along with local rangers and staff, and together, they’d go out into the fields and search for new species of plants and animals. The researchers from various international universities who are taking the lead would undoubtedly have to be experts in the field. In the case of plants, samples would usually have to be taken, while there are other specific methods related to animals, such as camera traps and other visual means. The team cannot simply decide that they’ve found new species based on features they observe or other details, but as Thomas-Caesar pointed out, there are very strict procedures SEE PAGE XVIII
CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, May 29, 2022
Female rangers make an invaluable contribution to fieldwork in the Rupununi HAZELITHA Bernadine knows all too well the challenges and barriers that females face in becoming wildlife rangers, especially the stigma that exists globally and right here in Guyana – even in the Rupununi - that females somehow are unable to go out and conduct fieldwork or are unable to deliver the quality of work that males might be
complete conservation work in the field. “Even if a female is included in a team, it is often in a role such as camp cook, where they are not actively involved in the fieldwork,” Bernadine expressed. She’s also personally experienced how organisations and even village leaders would disregard women when recruiting persons for jobs as they think
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pointed out how in the Rupununi, there is a high rate of teenage pregnancy. “Once a female has become a mother in the Rupununi, this can often prevent them from joining field activities as they have no one to look after their child while they are away.” It is expected that these and other issues would be brought to light during World Female Ranger Week, an ini-
SRCS said it actively advocates for gender equality in all of its projects
Female rangers face a host of challenges, including the stigma that males are somehow better at fieldwork
Programme Coordinator Neal Millar noted. SRCS has been making an effort to improve gender equality. For example, it has introduced a childcare stipend which comes in handy for a mother with able to. She is among the 17 other female rangers who participate in monthly field trips with the South Rupununi Conservation Society (SRCS) and will participate in World Female Ranger Week from June 23 to 30 – an event intended to highlight the challenges encountered by females and create change. Bernadine, an SRCS Turtle Ranger from Sand Creek, is especially happy to participate. In the Rupununi, she has seen how most men and even many women believe that females should stay at home while the men go and
they are not capable of completing the work. Tabitha Rebeiro is another SRCS Turtle Ranger from Sand Creek who spoke about other challenges that female rangers experience. “When females in the Rupununi want to go out in the field, they are often put off by stories about what might happen to them, including harassment from males. There are many instances where this is true and therefore, when incidents happen, it puts a lot of women off from joining fieldwork activities.” Further, SRCS Red Siskin Ranger Claudia Bernard
The SCRS is currently working with 18 female rangers
tiative dedicated to increasing awareness for the need for gender equality in conservation by providing a platform for female rangers to share their experiences, challenges and successes and helping female rangers from around the world to connect with each other. “At SRCS, we realise that there is a lot that needs to be done for there to be gender equality in the field of wildlife conservation. Therefore as part of the week, we will share stories from our female rangers on their experiences and the issues they think need to be tackled,” SRCS
clear to their rangers that they have a zero-tolerance for harassment of any kind. “Due to this, SRCS has built a great reputation in the Rupununi where females want to work with the organisation because they know it will be safe for
that are negative for wildlife and the environment. “If we only involve male rangers, we are missing half of the population, and we will never be able to make a sustained difference. Our female rangers are also helping to inspire
Female rangers have been making invaluable contributions in the Rupununi
a young child or children, who may be recruited to do field world. This stipend, to pay a babysitter, is given in addition to what the ranger earns in the field. Also, Millar noted that SRCS actively advocates for gender equality in all of its projects. “Whenever new rangers are needed from a community, SRCS will request that a gender-balanced team is selected by the village leaders. Further, SRCS ensures that females are given the same role as men and that all responsibilities are divided equally.” He said SRCS makes it
them.” Millar said the contributions of the female rangers are invaluable as they often bring knowledge and experience that male rangers do not possess. “There is a famous example of the first female ornithologist discovering that male and female birds had different calls - something that had gone undetected by male ornithologists for decades and changed the field of ornithology,” he pointed out. A major part of conservation, he expressed, is behaviour change - to help people to alter their actions
the next generation. Our current female rangers did not really have many role models to look up to as they were growing up. However, now young girls see these female rangers going on field trips, and it proves to them that these roles are not limited to males.” As part of Female Ranger Week, people can donate via https://www.worldfemalerangerweek.org/fundraisers/southrupununiconservationsociety. According to Millar, this money will go directly to the childcare stipend fund to allow more mothers to become rangers.
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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, May 29, 2022
Boys’ mentorship is an issue of concern
FROM time to time, social conversation erupts from various spheres of society which believe that mentorship of boys is important. In Guyana, efforts have been seen by some organisations which seek to address this need in society. One such organisation in Guyana is the Male Empowerment Network (MEP) led by Richard Collymore. The organisation is committed to ensuring that the business community, in tandem with the general populace, gets involved in mentorship for both boys and young men. “We have done empowerment sessions at the Sophia Juvenile Centre, particularly to develop a mentorship programme for those boys, which will promote mentorship support for those boys beyond the juvenile settings,” Collymore explained in an interview with the Pepperpot Magazine. “So we are engaging business owners to get involved in mentorship activities on a weekly basis, but also to make employment available for those boys who really want to make a positive impact /change in their lives after they would have left the Juvenile Centre, through the involvement of the business community.” Systems being put into place to curb domestic violence According to Collymore, his organisation is putting a lot in place to curb domestic violence in Guyana and he believes that mentorship can positively contribute to this goal. “We are putting a lot of resources in place to curb domestic violence, to reduce child abuse, to reduce violence against women, to have a reduction in gender-based violence, but almost all of our resources are aimed at supporting the victims and not necessarily the abusers. If there are no programmes in place to support abusers all that you are allowing the abusers to do is to move from one abusive relationship to the other,” Collymore explained. Collymore is of the firm view that if the problem is going to be solved, it is about time that society starts looking at the root cause of the problem. According to Collymore, if resources are focused heavily on tackling the problem and dealing with the root cause, then sustainable change would not be actualised. Collymore believes that the root causes of abuse in relationships committed by men stem from their boyhood. Hence, if this behaviour is curbed, then it can be totally eradicated in the stage of manhood. It is against this backdrop that Collymore’s organisation has been working on social development programming to address critical issues. “We have missing male role models in our society. We
men and boys receive the type of mentorship that can help to change those behaviours. The MEP is not the only organisation that focuses on the connection between mentorship and curbing gender-based violence. The United Nations Spotlight Initiative which is a global initiative that receives major support from the European Union, also focuses on tackling Gender-Based Violence. In Guyana, the Spotlight Initiative also has a mentorship/training
Richard Collymore Chairman of the Men Empowerment Network
Gender based violence Gender Affairs Bureau Men ‘s conference (Delano Williams photo)
have a lot of absentee fathers,” he said. This, according to Collymore and his research, isn’t unique to Guyana. “Throughout the Caribbean, we have about 67 percent female-headed households. Therefore, if we want to effect change, we have to start working with the men when they are boys. It is harder to bend a branch when it is already grown and stiff. Therefore behaviour in boys needs to be adjusted in order to achieve the desired results.Train your son to become the kind of man, your daughter will be proud to meet.” According to Collymore, in many cases, disappointment felt by many single mothers raising sons often transcend in their parenting of young boys. Collymore vehemently stressed the point that we need to mentor our young men. “We cannot cross the cycle of abuse from working with the men. When we are abusing them when they are boys, you are teaching them, if you don’t do what I say, you will get licks, and that is the only way to learn to do what I want you to do. Therefore what he was taught as a child is now unacceptable in society,” Collymore posited. Collymore expressed that his organisation is committed to working to ensure that young
component that focuses on sensitising young boys. Such initiatives include working with youth. In Baramita, Region 1, football coaching was used to engage young men on gender-based violence, as part of the Spotlight Initiative. Sessions focused on toxic masculinity, financial planning, teamwork, and leadership. The Spotlight Initiative also hosted Gender-Based Violence sensitisation sessions with members of the Guyana Football Federation and the Georgetown Cricket Board. The content aimed at addressing traditional concepts and beliefs about masculinity and gender roles and how they play a part in gender-based violence. Other aspects of the sessions also looked at the legal framework in Guyana that addresses the protection of human rights such as Guyana’s Constitution and other legislation, like The Equal Rights Act (1990), the Domestic Violence Act (1996), the Prevention of Discrimination Act (1997), the Protection of Children Act (2009) and Sexual Offences Act (2010).
Resuscitation of the culture of ‘Garden City’ will enrich citizens’ quality of life IN early May, the International Day of Plant Protection was marked in Guyana, with the Ministry of Agriculture recommitting itself to its aims. The message of the Day was concerned with food crops and insecticides, but it reminded us of the aesthetic value of plants and trees, as manifested when Georgetown was the “Garden City of the West Indies”. With the will and modest effort, the City Hall and the Local Government Ministry could fairly quickly regain that happy accolade for the City. Indeed, the Government has already embarked upon an element of that process with the recent attractive development of
the Railway Embankment. Georgetown, until the 1960s, was deservedly given the worldwide accolade of the “Garden City”. All of its main streets were lined with trees of various kinds. For example, Broad Street was lined with cabbage palms; Main Street had Samaan trees; High Street/Avenue of the Republic and Camp Street sported red flamboyant, which were immortalised in Sharples’ memorable watercolours. Brickdam, the first street of Georgetown dating from the period of Dutch rule, had a variety of rare trees such as golden flamboyants, Ceylon blueberry palms, and cannonballs. Birds of various colours
and songs would always be flitting among the trees. The trees provided a beauteous milieu and cool shade, and absorbed carbon, and did their part for the health and well-being of the citizens. In addition, the trees acted as fire-breaks in a largely wooden city, and absorbed an enormous amount of water in a terrain which was below sea level. In the 1960s, Guyana became independent, and the City Hall and its Council and personnel became working-class with less ability to manage, as had been the pre-Independence Mayors and Councillors who SEE PAGE XIX were often important business-
CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, May 29, 2022
Guava Bush Village
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An ideal place for a quiet, fulfilling countryside life Guava Bush Village
THE Pepperpot Magazine visited the small countryside village of Guava Bush, Berbice, Region Six (East Berbice-Corentyne), to highlight the way of life of the locals.
days, in the 1960s, after freed slaves began occupying the land. They built colonial-style wooden houses that were of high quality and the designs like no other. Most of those
name from the early settlers who came up with the name because of the large number of guava trees that littered the village. Guava Bush has a population of about 250 residents
A bird on a flower is a common sight in Guava Bush Village (Carl Croker photos)
A shingle house in Guava Bush Village
This community has one main access street and several smaller internal streets leading to houses that are tucked away in the village. Guava Bush is one of those villages that started during the indentured slavery
houses are still standing and well-preserved. Some of the houses were built in the 1960s and are still being occupied, while others are in need of repairs. According to locals, the village reportedly got its
of Indo-Guyanese descent and almost one-third of them are employed at the nearby Albion/Port Mourant Sugar Estate. This village depends SEE PAGE XIII
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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, May 29, 2022
The people of Guava Bush Relentless in their pursuit of a good life
By Michel Outridge AFTER working as a tractor operator at the estate for 36 years, Amit Singh is retired and is a cattle farmer in his village of Guava
of his best years in the sugar industry, and as a result of his skin condition, vitiligo, he is often regarded as the “white man” due to his very fair complexion. In school, he was teased
Shamdai Rupan
Bush, Berbice. The 63-year-old has lived his entire life in the village, and, according to him, it feels
as a child as being “the white boy” but he didn’t mind and the colour of his skin has no real bearing on him as an
Amit Singh (Carl Croker photos)
good to be able to enjoy some of the benefits of retirement and old age. Singh said he spent some
individual. Singh told the Pepperpot Magazine that he grew up in a family home where his
parents were hard-working people. He went to school with bare feet and had one book and a pencil. Back then, he walked to and from school on the mud dam. The village elder stated that he would assist in the home with the cows. His parents were farmers, and today, he is still keeping the family tradition alive. He has 10 cows and he takes care of them daily. Singh had nine siblings, but two have since passed away. His parents passed away in the 1970s, and three siblings reside overseas. To date, he is occupying his parents’ house, which he has managed to keep in good condition over the years. When the team first spotted Singh, he was on his way via his bicycle to take his cows to graze in the village pasture. The father of three related that life in Guava Bush is good because there is enough space for everyone and the people exist in harmony. When he has milk, he would go around the village selling cow’s milk.
Amit Singh on his bicycle, off to graze cows
Mangree Baldeo displaying freshly-picked soursop from the backyard
Mangree Baldeo, the poultry farmer Mangree Baldeo, called “Aunty Ino”, rears ducks, chickens, and some creole fowls, but her livelihood is being threatened due to the constant flooding plaguing the village The 63-year-old is a widow who was forced to pluck the few remaining meat birds she had and sell them off. Baldeo told the Pepperpot Home/yard of Shamdai Rupan
Magazine that every time it rains the yard is flooded and the chicken pen is usually underwater. From 60 ducks, just 20
survived and she lost the meat birds. She had 125 and the few creole fowls managed to survive the floodwaters somehow.
It causes the chickens to die. As such, she would suffer a loss in income. SEE PAGE XXIV
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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, May 29, 2022
The women of Guava Bush Village
By Michel Outridge
WITH a pot of chicken curry and rice bubbling away on the outdoor fireside, Leela Ibaran could engage in some much-needed chat with her visiting family members at her home in Guava Bush Village, Berbice. The 56-year-old stated that she is a housewife whose children are all married off and had left home. Nowadays, it is just her and her husband, a cattle farmer. The mother of three added that the countryside life was simple. She would do the chores, take care of the home and the cooking and still have some time for
two of her daughters-in-law visiting to assist her in that task. She has resided in Guava Bush Village for the past 37 years. It happened after marriage, and she is originally from Edinburgh. “When I first came to this village, I saw bare mango trees, a lot of it so, I am not sure how it got the name Guava Bush,” she joked. The grandmother of six reported that life in that village was usually quiet except when someone is playing loud music which happens every now and again. Ibaran stated that Guava Bush was a nice little village with good people. They live
mootoo, a mother of three who sells snacks at her small shop. She is better known as Lynn and is well-known because she would make delicious snacks to sell on weekdays from her home. The 59-year-old is a single mother whose children are grown and she is determined to make a living rather than depending on others. She told the Pepperpot Magazine that she was living with her common-law husband, a bus driver, and one day, 16 years ago, he left home and did not return. She was left with three children to bring up, and she did her best to equip them
Peeling katahar
She came to Guava Bush Village 28 years ago, when she met her ex-husband, and they lived in his parents’ home, which still has a shop attached to it, on the
Mohani Persaud
She would make and sell egg balls, cassava balls, fish cakes, bara, burgers and hot dog and is vending cold beverages too. Nagmah Kallimootoo
banter, which is a favourite pastime. That day, when the team visited, they were waiting for the meal to be completed before going to do some deep cleaning at a house nearby, a relative’s place, and she had
Leela Ibaran (Carl Croker photos)
in harmony with no real issues to cause division. Nagmah Kallimootoo, the shop keeper Meanwhile, in the same village, a few houses away is the home of Nagmah Kalli-
The pot of chicken curry on the outdoor fireside
with an education and, today, they all have jobs. “At times, you feel like giving up because it was not always going as planned, but I always try to get up and do something for myself, to earn,” she said.
lower flat of the two-storey building. Kallimootoo is from Nigg Village, a neighbouring community and is used to the quietness of Guava Bush. “This village is nice, we have no troubles here except for the road and most of the people here work at the sugar estate and everybody does what they must to earn,” she said. Kallimootoo used to work at the canteen at the Albion/Port Mourant Sugar Estate but had to quit to start her own small business.
Mohani Persaud, the homemaker In this same village is the home of Mohani Persaud, a housewife and mother of six, who takes care of the schoolaged children. She doesn’t go out much except when necessary and has been living in Guava Bush for the past five years. Persaud’s husband is a fisherman and, often, he would be away from home for weeks at a time and the son, who used to work and assist her in the home, had an accident. He is now unable to work. To add to this unfortunate turn of events, the ducks and chickens she was rearing
all perished when the yard was flooded recently. The kitchen garden was not spared, and she suffered a huge loss due to the floods in the village. When the team visited, she and her daughter, who was visiting, were cleaning katahar for a neighbour. “The neighbour is good to me, she asked me to help and I could not refuse and that is how people live around here,” she said. Persaud resides in a house which needs repairing. It shakes, it belongs to her husband’s family and she is unable to effect repairs due to financial constraints. The 42-year-old is from Number 75 Village, Skeldon, Berbice and relocated to Guava Bush for a better life and is hoping she can overcome her existing challenges.
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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, May 29, 2022
Retired teacher reminisces on her decades of teaching By Michel Outridge
she said. She taught at Cropper Primary School and was elevated to the Assistant Headteacher and later went to Rose Hall Primary as Senior Mistress. Etwaru also taught at Tain Primary School as Deputy Headteacher after which she returned to Cropper Primary School as the Headteacher. After 34 years in the teaching profession, a job she loved, moulding the minds of the young, she retired because of some challenges with her family. There was a need for her to be at home to assist in caring for sick siblings.
“Teaching never leaves you even after retirement. You dream about what you can do for the children. It stays with you until it is your time,” she said. Even though she doesn’t have children of her own, she always loved children and gave many years of her life teaching. Etwaru went to England and, while there, she enrolled for a course in Rural Education in 1971 and she was successful. With added knowledge, she, however, returned to Guyana to continue her teaching career. The elder retired in 1996 due to her father’s ill health.
AFTER serving the community for more than 34 years in the noble profession of teaching, Seedai Etwaru has retired but still has an attitude of servitude as she takes care of her ill sisters. She is a resident of Guava Bush, Berbice, a place she has lived all her life and is home for her regardless of where she goes. Etwaru shares a home with her sisters and has another place where she would visit to unwind and have some quiet time. Etwaru lived with her parents and 11 siblings in the same village, and, growing up, their lives were simple yet satisfying. The 69-year-old attended Albion Primary School, after which she was placed at JC Chandisingh Secondary School. After completing her secondary education with six subjects at senior Cambridge and six subjects at the thenGCE assessment, she became a teacher, and her career accelerated very quickly. “I had the zest for learning and I applied myself to the job. I like children and teaching, so it wasn’t difficult to enjoy what I do for work,” Home of respected elder, Seedai Etwaru
Retired educator, Seedai Etwaru (Carl Croker photos)
She was forced to quit because he was losing his eyesight rapidly. She had to assist in his care and she made a choice to be there for him. Etwaru spends her days between two houses, taking care of things and elderly sisters, who are unwell. Her siblings are 85 and 83 years old, respectively and are not in good health. As such, she is tasked with their care.
“I would pay to get meals prepared, clothes washed, and chores are taken care of because at my age, I too have pains and aches,” she said. Etwaru was gifted the house of a sister who resides overseas, and at times, she would visit that property to clean up and spend a few hours relaxing before returning home to her sisters, a street away, right in Guava Bush. That house, built in the colonial days, still is in good condition. The exact date the house was completed is January 16, 1960, which is inscribed in the concrete on the lower flat of the two-storey house. Etwaru had eight sisters and three brothers. Three of the siblings have since passed away and her youngest broth-
er is 71 years old and a resident of the same village; his wife, who was 86 years old, passed away a few days ago. She was the oldest resident of Guava Bush. “We check on each other from time to time. Because of age, we must, and it is no bother checking in with loved ones,” she said. Etwaru recalled that, growing up, she was told that Guava Bush was a sugar plantation called Albion Sugar Plantation. Her parents and older siblings all worked with the estate. The retired teacher is a quiet kind of person who values individuality and doesn’t go out much but takes a little time to do the things she likes such as gardening.
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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, May 29, 2022
The Guava Bush Pandit …a role model who serves as humanitarian and religious leader
By Michel Outridge AFTER working for many years at the sugar estate, Mukesh Persaud, took early retirement from the position of Shift Manager, then finally fulfilled his life-long dream of becoming a Pandit, and he is serving his community via the mandir. Persaud is well-known in Guava Bush Village as Pandit Suraj, and he is a true humanitarian who goes about assisting the elderly, the sick and just about anyone in need of a bit of help in ways he can manage. The 55-year-old told the Pepperpot Magazine that he started working at the Albion/ Port Mourant Sugar Estate in 1987 as an electrician. Persaud worked his way up to Shift Manager and was transferred to Skeldon Sugar Estate. He retired at the same estate. It was when that estate closed he took early retirement in 2018 and became a Pandit in his village. Persaud has lived all his life in Guava Bush and is serving at the mandir that his family built. His sisters built the mandir in the 1900s, but it deteriorated over the years, and in 2001 when he took over the running of the temple, he began raising funds to construct a new building. He launched a walk-athon from Crabwood Creek
to Bath Settlement, asking for donations, but it was when he invited the late Shri Prakash Gossai to a three-night prayer service at Albion they collectively raised $3M. The mandir, located right in the street where he resides, is a safe place for everyone, including youths. The temple is regarded as a place of worship and education. The Pandit stated that whatever the needs of the people in the village, he would aim to fulfil through the mandir, like building a bridge for an elder. There are 50 active
members of the mandir, but a lot more people used to attend, but due to the pandemic, some members quit visiting. Persaud explained that from money collected at the mandir, he would utilise the members’ skills, such as a carpenter, to construct the bridge for the pensioner to enhance their life. The Hindu priest added that when they have money, he would pack hampers for the elders in the village and distribute them to those that need it the most, such as widows and single parents.
Pandit Mukesh Persaud (Carl Croker photos)
The mandir also has a feeding programme annually for the Dharm Shala. Every year when it is the birth anniversary of him
interest of their family and children. “I am thankful to God because without him, nothing would have been pos-
The Mandir
and his wife, they would prepare food and feed the less fortunate at Skeldon Market. Persaud reported that life in Guava Bush is fair. The people are family-oriented and do everything in the
The home of Mukesh Persaud
sible and in the mandir, I proclaim the truth in accepting each other as we are,” he said. The Pandit related that it was due to his upbringing he values religion and he is using it to unite people because
his parents took them to the temple as children, so they are aware of the power of worship and prayers. Persaud stated that he played the drums and his sister sang bhajans in the mandir. He is the father of three; all of his children reside overseas and he got married in 1962, making it 36 years of blissful marriage. The Pandit noted that for him, Guava Bush will always be home even though he spent some time overseas, he would always come back to his homeland. He added that most of the old people passed away, some migrated, and the younger generation is trying to make their mark in society. Meanwhile, via a video interview, the mother of pandit Mukesh Persaud told the Pepperpot Magazine that she is from Guava Bush but migrated to Canada. Gaitree Sewsankar would return home every year to spend some time in her homeland. Sewsankar, who is in her 70s, religiously comes home to Guava Bush annually to do her part in giving back to the community through the mandir.
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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, May 29, 2022
PAINT A RAINBOW IN THE SKY IN a land on the northeastern coast of South America, once a lost world, a hidden paradise. But now, the eyes of the world have been opened to its astounding beauty and uniqueness that enthrall the mind and captivate the heart to fall in love. Guyana – the land of many waters. Kara inhaled deeply as the plane reached its destination. “Home, after twenty years.”
Her family had migrated to England when she was just eight years old, and she had never returned. But deep within her heart, as she grew from a child to an adult, the connection to a place that was once home stayed unbroken. “It’s kinda strange,” she mused, “Or maybe it’s because the bond between mother and child is never broken.” Her career as a journalist had taken her to many countries across the world,
but the thought never left her mind that one day she would return to the land of her birth. It was late in the night when the plane landed, and as she stepped out of the airport, the cool breeze sent a warm thrill through her body. She stopped and closed her eyes, embracing that moment and she announced, “I’m home, dear Mother.” The hotel had sent a cab for her, and on the drive to the Princess Hotel on the
East Bank, she was quite impressed with the improved changes of smooth double lane roadways and streetlights. She smiled, a happy feeling within her as she checked
The long drive was a journey to remember. Awed Kara was by the lush green landscapes, the grandeur of modern architectural buildings and impressive housing schemes. Artwork by Michael Tompsett
in at the hotel and said to herself, “From tomorrow, I will become acquainted with you again, dear land.” Kara awoke late the next morning and went downstairs to the restaurant for a scrumptious brunch with two of her cousins from the city. She had met them twice in New York and London when they were on vacation, and it was a happy moment seeing each other again. They had arrived earlier at the hotel, waiting to drive her to her old home in the ancient county of Berbice. After the brunch that Kara quite enjoyed, her cousin Vinita asked, “ Are you ready?” “Yes,” Kara answered excitedly, “Looking forward so much to this trip.”
“New chapters of economies that have opened a new frontier of developments,” she observed, “a third world country on the rise.” But what she loved better were the food stalls along the roadway selling tasty Guyanese delicacies, fresh fruits, sugarcane juice and thirst-quenching coconut water. “This is marvellous,” she exuded, sitting on a wooden bench under the shade of a huge flamboyant tree, relaxing in the ambience of the peaceful countryside. They had stopped at a roadside stall and she was enjoying the tasty cassava balls with hot mango sour that brought tears to her eyes.
The journey continued with a few stops for Kara to take pictures of old colonial churches and houses they saw along the way, priceless pieces of history. Soon they reached Rosignol, a community, Amar said, had come a long way, boasting some fabulous houses that were real show-pieces and the Berbice River Bridge. “Remarkable accomplishment,” Kara expressed. They bought tasty, crispy cassava, plantain and sweet potato chips with mango sour from vendors who rushed to the car. It was afternoon as they drove along the Palmyra/ No.2 Road and turned into Canje to Kara’s old home in a sprawling settlement on the Western Side of the main road. The streets were paved, and she exclaimed in surprise, “This is wonderful!” She asked for Amar to stop the car so she could walk to get a feel of the street that bore childhood memories like falling down with her bicycle on the then bad road. She looked at the houses as she walked past, beautiful country homes with a variety of fruit trees and blooming flower gardens. She saw faces she could not remember, who looked at her curiously, knowing from her outlook and accent she was a foreigner. So she introduced herself, recognised by her father’s name and soon the modest home she had lived in saw a steady flow of neighbours and extended family. It gave her such a wonderful feeling of being home again and she listened, fascinated, to the creolese spoken, a mix of languages that was quite unique. Kara was nudged awake early the next morning by soft devotional songs, the aroma of breakfast in the air and the creole fowl-cock crowing. She began her day with a splendid Indian breakfast of dhal, roti, steamed calaloo and stewed dry fish. SEE PAGE XXVI
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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, May 29, 2022
BRIDGES OF EXPERIENCE THAT CANNOT BE BURNED Social media and internet features will deliver the macabre
BEYOND anything that Hollywood or make-believe special effects can develop, beneath the watchful eyes of the most adventurous directortwice with Venezuelans in mind - videos have appeared on our news media waves featuring murder and mutilations that are real, brutal and uncensored. To the mature mind (some), this will be rationalised and deposited in the remote areas of the memory. However, the imagery will haunt for times after. But other pressing life-based issues will supplant the macabre, though not erasing its pictorial features, based on the sensitive nature of each individual. But what of our juveniles who may have even witnessed the latest and other such uncensored items? They are the generation of the smartphone age. They go places we don’t even think they go on these instruments. This is not exceptional if we reflect on our own childhood to the X-rated picture magazine that turned up in school and held interests and our miniature psychic warning system was all absorbed, that we didn’t even realise that ‘Sir’ had crept up behind the crew until his hand reached out and snatched the hypnotic magazine from his pre-teen students. Things happened back then, nothing that is entirely new today and as frightening as our Jumbie stories. I was in primary school when young boys went missing. It was a tense period because this happened not too long after the disturbances of the 1960s and because of who the victims were, suspicions were directed along ethnic lines. Eventually the police narrowed their search and the perpetrator was found in Georgetown
in the ward of Charlestown, outside of his rural stalking realm. He was not who suspicions proposed he was. He was however, our first captured serial killer (there are others. Michael Jordan is putting together a novel on the subject). The objective mentioned is that there was no glossy imagery for our young minds to explore and regrettably digest. The reality of news media back then was that it catered for a broad focus. The Sunday editions were looked forward to by the pre-teen for its coloured comic strips. The teenagers had the lyrics for the top song, ‘pick-of-the week’. The adults – book and movie reviews, sports and politics. There were no smartphones or TVs - at least not in Guyana. The fact of today is that social media cannot be censored to the point of rendering it useless. Our challenge is the reflection back to the balance between the spiritual (moral) and material value systems, to find a balance within the home that can find a physical interpretation to confront outside - whether in school or in the neighbourhood. To this suggestion, I can only relate to my generation in school, when ‘Reading and Art’ were on the timetable. The books constituted a variety that existed in the school library. True, there were not too many storybooks that we could see ourselves in. Yet the concepts that were dealt
with did cultivate values that were highlighted by teachers, towards rendering some characters by the way they thought as good, bad or evil. This dynamic has become abandoned through social retrogression, impacting value changes in homes, where we have literally become hunter-gathers. But accommodation must be made for those who cannot afford the necessary small bookshelf of literature that most families need to have. Today we have a situation that has been ignored for too long. The concept of shaping children’s evolving view of society and their environment through creative constructs envelops the obvious challenges that can damage and construct future interpretations, especially in our country. The media and local and imported social media is saturated with adult perspectives, reports of important world affairs and updates, which are necessary, but out of say, seventy channels we are exposed, to less than twenty, in and out. What is necessary for context with this column, is space for young minds. I say this as an artist and writer, we have the talents but not the administrative time, interest or awareness permission that would permit the operations to consider an out-of-the -box that should have been in the box as a resonant fixture decades ago. Realistically, the fact is, that we need to
stimulate an attention realm with which the Juvenile brain can find interpretations of moral-judgement, and see ‘self-role’ in adventures they can identify with.
In closing, these are old principles that have worked for other nations and even contributed, recognising its impact, was then used as colonising tools against us.
The difference applied was who were ‘the principled’ protecting the not so wise. We were most times ‘invisible’ or protected whose ability to self-preserve was presented as inadequate. Today, the same human scenarios exist. This time, within our own governed dynamic, the creative talents will act, write and create to avoid the accusations of posterity. Clarifications today are much easier to access, and media and technology have also created archives of verification. PIC DE LAMENTABLES
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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, May 29, 2022
The culture of alcohol
ONE of the past requests I have received was to talk about breaking bad habits, particularly with alcohol- its harms and how to lower it. I was a bit sceptical about this one because an alcohol-de-
pendent person will not be able to read this and simply stop drinking alcohol. Someone who is truly alcohol dependent needs to go to his/her nearest health centre as alcohol withdrawal is severe and in some cases, fatal. This means the
treatment plan would involve not only counselling but prescription medication as well. However, if you are a casual drinker and feel like you would like to learn more about alcohol, its harms and how to lower use, this piece would more pertain to you. The column’s title explains the actuality in Guyana. Alcohol has become a culture in that it is a normally practised, accepted and even encouraged part of most of our lives. I have been fortunate enough to live in many different countries for long periods of time, and no group of people drink as we can. The worst part is that we (myself included in the past) are proud of this. This is explained by many reasons – its commonality, accessibility, and affordability are just a few factors. I cannot remember the last time I went to anyone’s house or even out to lunch/dinner and was not offered an alcoholic beverage. To first fix something, we must accept it. Repeat after me – We as a Guyanese community and society drink too much alcohol. Say it again! Once we have accepted it, we need to educate ourselves on it. No one will ever stop unless they know (in detail) the harms associated with alcohol. Of course, I cannot go into too much detail here, but I will definitely cover the basics. The first and most crucial FACT to remember is that alcohol is a drug. People tend to forget this because of its legal status- but it is as it has a physiological effect- meaning it alters our mood, thoughts and behaviour. The first and most important QUESTION is, why do people drink alcohol? Before reading further, answer that question. If you do drink, why do you drink? Working in this direct field for almost two years in Guyana has given me great insight into why the average person drinks. – To relieve stress – Boredom/ Curiosity – Accessibility – it would take the same amount of effort to buy alcohol vs a loaf of bread – Peer pressure – Family influences – History of abuse/trauma Your reasons may be different. Why do you drink? I want to make it clear that you do not need to drink every day in order to have a problem with alcohol, nor do you necessarily have a problem with alcohol if you drink every day. For example, if someone has a glass of wine with dinner every night, that is not an issue. On the other hand, if someone does not drink for months at a time but drinks heavily for the period which they have started back, they have a problem with alcohol. If you are consuming more than 3-4 drinks per day for long periods of time, I would recommend that you do go to your nearest health centre to discuss it further. I would need this whole newspaper if I was to list all the issues and illnesses associated with alcohol. Alcohol affects us physically, mentally, socially and economically. Physically, alcohol weakens our entire immune system, making flus, infections and diseases easier to obtain and harder to rid of. Simple intoxication can cause nausea, vomiting, headaches and numerous accidents/injuries. They cause blackouts and memory loss which over time can lead to permanent brain damage. Heavy use increases our blood pressure, stomach ulcers and our chances of strokes. It results in serious and sometimes fatal diseases of the heart and liver. It is responsible for numerous types of cancer such as liver, mouth, throat or breast. Heavy alcohol consumption can also cause impotence and infertility in men and women, respectively. Pregnant women who consume alcohol expose the unborn child to multiple issues such as foetal alcohol syndrome, addiction and premature death. For the ones who overly care about weight, alcohol contains as many calories as fat does and therefore poses a high risk of weight gain. The mental effects of alcohol SEE PAGE XXIII
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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, May 29, 2022
Locals on the go in Guava Bush Village
Guava Bush... FROM PAGE V
heavily on the sugar industry, and the estate, which is within walking distance, is one of the surviving estates on that corridor. Guava Bush is accessible via the Albion/Port Mourant Sugar Estate Road and is bordered by Topoo and Sand Reef villages. In this community, there is a mandir, the estate’s sports club and ground a bit down the road and about 100 house lots. It is a residential area and a very traditional village
One of the small internal streets in the village
of regular hard-working people who either work at the estate or are self-employed as livestock, cattle and poultry farmers. There are a few shops within the village and it is a close-knit village where the people are like a large extended family and they have each other’s interest at heart. The locals are very hospitable and friendly, where visitors are greeted with a cold drink and a snack and welcomed into tidy homes and yard spaces. The village is agricultural-based and there is an abundance of trees, fruits and vegetables. The main street in the village is the pathway where goats, sheep, cows, fowls, and ducks share with humans and it is a well-traversed place. Guava Bush is prone to flooding and residents expressed the need to upgrade the drainage network. The village has a potable water supply, electricity, landline phones and internet services. Most of the locals have lived their entire lives there, and, for them, Guava Bush is the only place where they feel safe and comfortable. Some of the elders have passed away and some newcomers are residing in the village but a lot of people migrated, leaving their houses to the elements. Guava Bush is a very safe village, where things do not happen in a rush and it is tranquil.
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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, May 29, 2022
Reading as a writer
I AM resharing this article from 2020 following an email I received about advice on how writers can garner more knowledge and improve their skills in writing. I believe that one of the simplest and accessible ways of doing so is by reading more. We’ve all heard about the importance of reading, in gen-
eral, but particularly when you are interested in becoming a writer -- any type of writer, for that matter -- reading is mandatory. “Reading inspires us, sparks new ideas, and teaches us by example how to write effectively…If you aren’t nurturing yourself as a reader, you’re shortchanging yourself as a writer,” says Maggie Murphy, American writer.
Persons looking to upgrade their writing should read more of the type of publications within their fields. By that, I mean that creative writers should read more fiction, business writers should read more reports and journals, etc. Reading documents from other career paths is also recommended to get a glimpse of techniques they employ to produce different types of content. The Writer’s Handbook 2001 suggests the following tips for incorporating more reading into your writing life: COMPILE A BOOKLIST Every year, I set a target for the number of books that I want to read. Whether I actually make that target at the end of the year is another story. But setting a target, and making it as detailed as possible by even including specific titles that you want to read are helpful ways of staying active. As you progress, cross them off your list to keep track of how you’re doing along the way. VARIETY IS RECOMMENDED Don’t just read literature that you like, add a variety of genres to your reading menu. Inspiration can come from all sources, so don’t limit yourself to just one area. Read whatever you can get your hands on, and keep an open mind: Mysteries, thrillers, horrors, poetry, non-fiction, true crime, plays, memoirs, try out a variety of publications to keep the flow of information constant. You’ll be surprised how inspired you may be by just stepping outside of your comfort zone. GET COMPANY Finding a book buddy can be a fun way of getting through your booklist. Find someone who has similar interests, or who may want to read the same books that you do. Make it fun by seeing who can get to different chapters or the end of the book first. Have constant discussions as you go along to stay engaged in the content. This is a good way to get you through especially long publications, or to keep you motivated to continue reading. JOIN A BOOK CLUB If none of your close friends are big readers, you can always find a book club where countless persons share your interests. Depending on your preference, you can either try to find or form a physical book club, or hop on the modern trend of choosing from among thousands of Online groups on Facebook and Instagram. The latter option brings you into contact with persons from all over the world, and can even widen the variety in the types of literature you read. A LITTLE AT A TIME You don’t have to read 50 books a year. Sometimes your schedule may not even permit you to read as much as you wish. That’s okay. Any amount of reading is good, so long as you keep at it. Maybe you can take a book wherever you go, so that you can pick it up in your downtime. When you’re on the bus (or train, depending on where you live) or waiting at the doctor’s office, you can pull that book out and get a couple of pages in. A little bit goes a long way, and still helps to serve the main purpose. eBooks and audiobooks are still books You may not like the hassle of having a physical book to lug around all the time. Maybe you’re a more “digital” reader. That’s okay, capitalising on Amazon’s Kindle services is the perfect way of solving that problem. eBooks are just as good as physical books – and are also more convenient. You can even invest in audiobooks to listen to the content, which saves time and allows you to multitask. Following these tips are sure to improve your reading habits over time. It may seem like a daunting task, but it is essential for your writing career. The important thing is that no matter what, you keep at it. The future of your writing depends on it! So have fun! Interested in contributing to this column on writing? Email me at thewritemind592@gmail.com
CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, May 29, 2022
Last Sunday THE word potential has been synonymous with Guyana for as long as I can remember. Guyana has the agricultural potential to be the breadbasket of the Caribbean. I hope I will see a fraction of it in my lifetime. The inaugural Agri-Investment Forum and Expo offer some hope, and many are optimistic. Congratulations to the Government of Guyana, CARICOM, Ministry of Agriculture and other
stakeholders who made this productive and significant event possible. Guyana has taken the lead in driving the region’s agri-food agenda, which is commendable. I can imagine the resources and strategy for an event of this magnitude. I must also commend Neil Sooklall and the team from Impressions brandSEE PAGE XXV ing who were responsible for
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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, May 29, 2022
Guyana at 56
IT has been 56 years since Guyana became an independent nation, freeing itself from colonial rule. As a fairly young nation, certainly, those 56 years have been a masterclass in diplomacy and learning. Now, like so many pundits have pondered, I am interested in ascertaining whether Guyana’s oil-rich future will propel all citizens into much greater prosperity.
So first off, where are we now? If you were to assess Guyana’s present economic state, any international report would suffice. According to growth projections, Guyana’s economy is poised to expand by nearly 50 per cent this year. The expected growth hinges upon the continued development and expansion of the oil and gas sector. Even as Guyana’s economy experiences significant growth, some sectors have been taking a hit.
For example, within the education sector, as I have written about in several columns before, learners have been facing unequal and inequitable access to learning because of longstanding educational disparities, which were magnified by a shift to virtual technologies. The World Bank, during a recent forum, related that about one-third of learners who were previously in schools had been absent during the peak of the pandemic. This signalled some of the learning losses stakeholders have feared since the pandemic’s onset. But at that same time- in the face of COVID-19 challenges and nationwide flooding- Guyana continued to record high economic growth. If one were to also consider the enduring supply chain and financial challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, exacerbated by the Ukraine/ Russia crisis, an interesting dichotomy presents itself. First, in this context, Guyana’s oil has been a sought-after commodity. And as such, it comes as no surprise that the country has been raking in the ‘big bucks’. On the flip side, though, those same challenges have plagued consumers right here- be it through the increased cost of fuel or food or the difficulty in conducting business as usual. And despite some interventions from the government, a rising cost of living and hardships for some people have been unavoidable. These probably don’t inspire much hope and optimism. Yet, I believe that Guyana has an invaluable opportunity to exploit its newfound (oil) wealth to sustain economic growth and help all people simply live better lives. At the recent Guyana International Petroleum Business Summit & Exhibition (GIPEX), Latin America Analyst at Rystad Energy, Sofia Forestieri, said that Guyana could potentially rake in more than US$60 billion (or more than GY $12.5 trillion) in investments this decade. The spinoff benefits of those investments could be enormous- more so if Guyana robustly guards against other countries’ pitfalls like corruption and nepotism. And if stated intentions to harness the oil resources to fund the expansion and increased competitiveness of other sectors materialise, I imagine those benefits would only increase. That could mean anything from increased employment opportunities for residents, better social services, an improved standard of living, or all of those things at once. I also think that if Guyana is successful in its bid to carefully exploit its oil and gas resources in a manner that facilitates the development of its people and the sustainable development of its economy, the wider Caribbean stands to benefit too. For me, the Caribbean Community (CARICOM)’s food security agenda, led by Guyana, evidences this. If Guyana can expand its agricultural production and infuse a greater level of industrialisation and technology, then the region should have more food products readily available for consumption- thereby cutting the hefty annual food bill. Similarly, if Guyana is able to develop a massive regional energy infrastructure or becomes a logistics hub, CARICOM countries should be able to ‘cash in’ on these opportunities (because, you know, the Treaty of Chaguaramas and so). So, as I reflect on Guyana’s 56th independence anniversary, it’s not so much a reflection on colonial rule and cutting ties with the British- though, understanding that should serve as an omnipresent factor that encourages us all to continuously clamour for the better country we envisaged. Because of the buzz in Guyana and my deep-seated convictions that we can achieve real prosperity with oil, this year’s independence anniversary is a reminder of where we should be focused on going. That is a more prosperous future for each of us- with no exceptions. If you would like to connect with me to discuss this column or any of my previous works, feel free to email me at vish14ragobeer@gmail.com
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Why it’s important to recognise people’s hard work and dedication DURING the past week, I was named an awardee of the prestigious 25 Influential Women Award Class of 2022. This award seeks to “honour women for their professional accomplishments, community service, leadership qualities and outstanding success – all achieved in service to building a greater Guyana. It further honours women whose achievements have significantly impacted an industry, profession, country, and who have also made an important contribu-
tion to their community”. This is the only award of its kind in Guyana. I’m elated and grateful, to say the least, to be recognised for the work that I do. Being the writer that I am, it only feels right to use this as an opportunity to highlight a key topic that I think needs to be brought to the forefront for fruitful discussions. Recognition. That’s it, that’s the topic. The concept of recognising people for their great work should always be an important gesture that should be adopted throughout our culture. We should always
recognise people for their great work, their commitments, their success, their strengths, their future aspirations and their potential. I am sharing why it’s important to recognise people and their contributions because I want you to understand what receiving this award has done for me over the course of the week. I’ve been battling personal family emergencies, I’ve had doubts about
myself and the work I’m currently involved in, and I’ve also felt a bit stuck. While I’m confident in myself and my abilities to persevere—this past month just simply had lots of mental and emotional challenges for me. After receiving the news that I would be awarded this coveted and esteemed award, it took some time to “sink in”. However, once it did, I felt a
warm sense of gratitude and appreciation. I think the most important thing of all was feeling a sense of motivation to continue the work I do and to even work harder in the various fields I’m currently in. It feels good to be heard. SEE PAGE XXII It feels good to be acknowl-
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New to...
CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, May 29, 2022
FROM PAGE II
regarding this. “In most cases, they would have to take it further[sic] afield and consult other experts in the scientific community to determine if it’s a new specie.” For this kind of work, local researchers and rangers play a pivotal role while working along with international researchers. In many cases, the locals would possess great knowledge of the specie even though they may not have scientific information. The seven new species discovered, according to the Iwokrama Centre are 1. Stilbella Iwokramensis (Ascomycotina, Hypocreales) - a new entomopathogenic species (new beetle pathogen species distinguished from other fungi of the genus Stilbella; 2. Carapa Akuri – a new tree species belonging to the family Meliaceae considered endemic to Central Guyana; 3.
The new lizard species
A new frog species
Gonatodes Timidus – a new species of lizard; 4. Microcaecilia Iwokramae - a new type and species of Lungless Caecilian; 5. Allobates Amissibilis – a new species of frog; 6. a new species of broad-nosed bat - Platyrrhinus guianensis Saussure; and
7. a new species of beetle Lycomorphon Iwokrama. These discoveries, according to Thomas-Caesar, cement the importance of the Iwokrama ‘protected area’ as a valuable biological ‘laboratory’ as envisaged over two decades ago when a col-
laboration between the Government of Guyana and the Commonwealth was sealed to set aside the 371,000 hectares of intact tropical rain forest for research and development, inclusive of sustainable use models. “The Iwokrama Inter-
national Centre was established in 1996 under a joint mandate from the Government of Guyana and the Commonwealth Secretariat to manage the Iwokrama forest, a unique reserve of 371,000 hectares of rainforest, in a manner that will lead to lasting ecological, economic and social benefits to the people of Guyana and to the world in general,” Thomas-Caesar noted. The forest is zoned into a Sustainable Utilization Area (SUA) and a Wilderness Preserve (WP) in which to test
Microcaecilia Iwokramae - a new type and species of Lungless Caecilian
the concept of a truly sustainable forest where conservation, environmental balance and economic use can be mutually reinforcing. The centre collaborates with the Government of Guyana, the Commonwealth and other international partners and donors to develop new approaches and forest-management models to enable countries with rainforests to market their ecosystem services, whilst carefully managing their resources through innovative and creative conservation practices. In more recent years, it has received support from corporate partners such as Exxon Mobil (Guyana) Limited, who has funded the development of its Science Programme and continues to provide an annual contribution to the implementation of this Programme. Iwokrama brings together 20 local communities (approximately 7,000 people) who are shareholders and participants in the centre’s sustainable timber, tourism, research operations and forest-management activities through complex co-management and benefit-sharing arrangements.
CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, May 29, 2022
Resuscitation of the culture of ‘Garden City’ will enrich... men and professionals. The City fell into a precipitous decline, and the ‘Garden City’ aspect of it suffered from the trees being neglected, dying without being replaced, or a few even growing to forest trees. In several streets, a few stragglers of the past have survived, such as the Samaans of Main Street, the few flamboyants of Avenue of the Republic and Camp Street, a few of the Mora trees of Hadfield Street and a number of various species in Brickdam such as the Cannonballs. Georgetown could still recapture some of its glories of the past, and again become the ‘Garden City’. The first thing that has to be done is for the City Council to revive the “Friends of Georgetown Committee”, which consisted of professionals and business people who would volunteer to help in advising about the management of the City. Such persons may be able to inspire the initiative of trimming the remaining trees, planting new ones, extending tree-planting to the newer areas taken into the City, and sometimes even to replant some streets with completely new trees, as in the case of Irving Street, where the Cyclamen Pouis have grown into forest trees, and could all be replaced with gold Pouis. Others like Broad Street, where the Cabbage Palms have all died, could be replanted. Aluminum plates with botanical and commonly-used names should be attached to the trees. As in the past, schoolchildren could be brought out to these avenues to do their Biology and Nature Study classes. The yards of Georgetown, with their front flower gardens and backyard kitchen gardens, were an integral part of the Garden City. The gardens always had local red and white Roses and Oleanders and Night Jasmines and Mimosas with their attractive perfumes. Sunflowers were usually planted at the fences, and there were runners like Coralitas, Queen of FROM PAGE IV
the Night and perfumed Steponotis. Queen of Flowers with their various colours were a favourite, as were smaller shrubs like Bachelor’s Buttons, Jump-and-Kiss, African Daisies and Marigolds. The Lanciana Orchid was ubiquitous. Buttercups and mostly scarlet Bougainvilleas were grown at one corner of the fence. Today, the flower gardens have disappeared, and, at most, some yards may have some Buttercups and bougainvilleas mostly on the front fence. Regrettably, local red and white Roses are never seen. Kitchen gardens had the usual vegetables such as Ochroes, Squash, Carillas, Boras and Same vines running on the fence, Lettuce, Eggplant and Pakchoi in beds, and very often some herbs such as Thyme, Tulsi, Ginger and Pepper. Some enterprising owners may try Carrots and Radishes, and Passion Fruit, in spite of the uncontrollable way in which its vines run. Every yard had a few fruit trees such as Mangoes, Sapodillas, Coconut, Avocado, Peach, Soursop, Papaw, Bananas, Star Apple, Custard Apple, Sugar Apple, Pear-Guavas, Pomme Rose, Pomegranate and others. The existence of this plethora of fruit trees in the City en-
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couraged birds to live and nest there, and one always woke up in the mornings with birdsong. The culture of gardens could again be revived if the Botanic Gardens, NAREI and other agencies were to distribute flower and vegetable seeds at a nominal price, and the extension services of the Ministry of Agriculture be made available to small gardeners as was done in the past. Also, the Ministries of Local Government and Housing should encourage new land and house-lot owners to grow fruit trees and have gardens. If this is done, the quality of life of citizens would, accordingly, be greatly enriched.
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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, May 29, 2022
The Magic of “Moonlight Stories”
By Jasmaine Payne “She circumvents, she transposes, she is an artist… In the light of the moon, our black brownness takes on wonderful hues. When the moonlight hits the trees, figures and cultures begin to merge; haunting, lustrous, dressed in dew, they whisper to us… ‘…Tell your story, tell our story’ In the hazy glow of the moonlight, let the richness of the culture unfurl… Moonlight stories are our stories” - Andrew Kendall THESE words are snippets of a longer performance piece that ushered in the opening of the extravagant production that was “Moonlight Stories”, Guyana’s First Gala and Runway Show. The brainchild of Guyanese designer Keisha Edwards, Moonlight Stories was a milieu of fashion, art, poetry and music, all culminating to portray the magic and magnificence of Guyanese Folklore. The highly anticipated event brought out Guyanese fashion and art enthusiasts in their numbers. With over 200 persons in attendance, patrons spared no expense, donning pieces from local and international designers alike. It was a scene never before seen in the fashion industry. Think Guyana’s Met Gala: pomp, ceremony and class at its best as Edwards showcased two never-before-seen collections, Moonlight and Pigment, from her brand, Shasha Designs. The designer also made the stage available for 11 other local designers through a third collection entitled, Voices, where each designer showcased a look inspired by Guyanese Folklore. To top it off, the production featured a gallery from the same lineup of designers who displayed a second piece under the same theme. The production featured a seamless run-of-show thanks to backstage direction by Tivia Collins. Edwards and all the designers embodied the moon and the local stories we have so lovingly told and been told beneath her light. It was an evening where Guyanese talent shone like the effervescent moon herself, regal in their designs, majestic in their thought process and luminescent in their variety and innovation. It cannot be overstated the attention to detail that was given to each piece. Each designer clearly took their project very seriously and brought their best, especially after more than two years of creative silence and drought they had suffered as a result of the pandemic. A success If you missed it, hopefully you get a chance to see it next year, as, given the success of Moonlight Stories, it is likely to be an annual event from hereon after. In an exclusive interview with The Pepperpot Magazine, Edwards herself is still taking it all in. Still, one thing is for sure: she believes that she achieved exactly what she envisioned. “For me, [the show] was successful because I set a goal for myself, and I accomplished it,” Edwards explained. “I really wanted to marry culture and fashion together because people sometimes think the two are separate, and they also think that fashion is not a viable artform; they think it’s just entertainment. I wanted to show people the light in which I see fashion. Through my lenses, the artistic form and not only marrying the two, but I wanted to bring together different genres of the creative industry and have us work together to put on a fashion production, and I think I was extremely successful at doing that.” Apart from the designers, Edwards collaborated with other artists in the local industry, including writers, makeup artists, fashion stylists, jewellery designers, musicians, production designers and other creatives with various levels of expertise that helped bring her vision to life. “ I wanted people to be a part of the story because a story was being told. I wanted to take them along this journey of my childhood and imagination…It was a lot of work and a lot of different people, but I was able to have them
all collectively come together so people could see what a night of culture, fashion and art looks like,” Edwards explained. Conceptualisation After completing her Bachelor’s Degree in Fashion Design at the Caribbean Academy of Fashion and Design in Trinidad and Tobago, Edwards returned to Guyana at the end of 2020in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic. While it was an inopportune time for most, she believes that it was the right time to reset, recoup and focus on her next move. “[The pandemic] really allowed me to sit down and think about what it was that I wanted to do. I knew that I wanted to come back home and collaborate and work with the creatives,” she explained. At the same time, Edwards admitted that she also looked to shift
legacy in a bigger way, and that all started during those quiet moments in the pandemic when she spent some time connecting more with herself and other like-minded creatives. “When I had conversations with creatives, they shared that they were depressed…they were yearning for something different. They were not making stuff for people, and if they were, it was at a very minimal cost. I know persons had to let people go… people were going through things, and I was like, you know what, this is the time for Moonlight Stories,” she recalled. As fate would have it, it was then that Edwards stumbled across the Cultural Creatives Grant from the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports. “A friend sent me the flyer, and I sat down over two days and put together
her business model, given that the fashion industry was struggling under the current circumstances. Edwards noticed that weddings were still an area where she could earn, so, while thinking of a bigger project, on the one hand, she focused on the practical aspect of business and threw her efforts into selling wedding dresses. On the social side, the designer stated that it took some time to readjust to Guyana’s pace. “I was a little bit nervous returning home to Guyana because there aren’t a lot of activities for the youths here. Really and truly, it’s the same thing that you do over and over, and there are not a lot of activities for the arts. In Trinidad, they have spoken word competitions, workshops on branding, workshops on finishing, on fashion business…There was always something to do, even something outside of your area of specialty,” she explained. Seeing an opportunity, Edwards decided to use that experience and bring it home with her. All the while, Moonlight Stories had been brewing in her mind.
my proposal. It was very detailed. And when I submitted, I said, ‘God, if this is for me, if I am really supposed to be in Guyana and work on the creative industry and unite the creatives so we could get this thing done, then let it be’,” Edwards explained. And so it was: about one month later, the designer was informed that her proposal was successful, giving her the million-dollar opportunity to tell “Moonlight Stories”. “I feel like with all the development that’s taking place in Guyana, it’s important for people to never forget the arts and the creative industry and fashion industry. It’s a viable career,” Edwards continued. “People are skilled, and people continue to improve their skills, and this must be supported by the private sector and the government. Events like this should be supported, and I was fortunate to have my sponsors and the Ministry of Culture on board.”
“Moonlight Stories” Storytelling has been a hobby of hers since Edwards was a child, so the concept of Moonlight Stories has been close to her heart long before this year’s iteration. “I remember growing up, my parents would always have some story to share with us, and I carry these memories with me,” the designer fondly recalled. This dear pastime was first expressed as part of her work in 2016 when she launched her collection “Moonlight Stories” for the first time, which paid homage to Guyanese Folklore. That collection was displayed at a fashion showcase in St. Vincent, at the 50th Anniversary Jubilee Fashion Extravaganza in Guyana and at the Caribbean Style and Culture Fashion Showcase in Maryland, where she was presented with the Caribbean Style and Fashion ‘Award of Excellence – Fashion Innovation’. Last Saturday’s Gala allowed Edwards to continue that
Looking ahead Now with the stage she has set, Edwards has many plans in store for Shasha Designs and the fashion industry as a whole. This includes a list of planned fashion activities for the rest of the year. While this may not include anything as big as her most recent showcase, these activities will put the skills she has garnered over the years to use through training and developing opportunities for creatives. Admittedly, however, Guyana’s fashion industry has ‘a
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ways to go’ as they say, when it comes to the type of development that Edwards and Scenes from “Moonlight her fellow designers would like to see, and much of it, she believes, will require major support from both the government and the private sector. “What is needed is workshops on business management because at the end of the day, every decision that you make for your business, that is a major role in the advancement of the fashion industry,” she explained. “I think that government needs to play a major role, so this creative grant is a really good initiative… it can allow for people to expand their business, it allows them to make more inventory, invest in classes, hire more people, get the best equipment… so more grants and more business education that looks at skills such as money management and similar initiatives.” Edwards is now energised more than ever after the response from her show which, among its sold-out audience, included attendance from members of the Government
Stories” Guyana’s first Gala and Fashion Show ( Carl Croker photos)
and the Diplomatic Corps. Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports, Charles Ramson; Minister of Tourism, Industry and Commerce, Oneidge Walrond; Minister within the Ministry of Housing and Water, Susan Rodrigues and British High Commissioner, Her Excellency Jane Miller and her Husband Dr Rob Miller all sat front-row of the production and were visibly impressed throughout the show. Moreover, Moonlight Stories proved to Edwards that Guyana has undeniable talent waiting to be harnessed. “Moonlight Stories are our stories. This themed fashion show was inspired by Guyanese stories, all our stories. It doesn’t matter your race, creed, or religious background… everybody would have heard some form of Folklore growing up, and I felt that could be something that could unite us, bring people together and get the conversation going… I wanted to do something that would fill people
with pride.” And it is safe to say that this was achieved: from the replica of the Silk Cotton Tree atop the runway, to the intricate details of the spider, the Moongazer, Ol Higue, the Kanaima; from each designer’s modern take and inspiration stitched, drawn and pressed onto their garments, to Keisha’s own Matrix-esque ensemble of recycled plastic that paid tribute to the Water Mama; to the fairytale-like faces of the models, beat by Renee Chester of Bromeliad.rnc and team; every detail of “Moonlight Stories” filled everyone there with pride; pride that, indeed, Guyanese are talented. Edwards delivered, and so did her team. Now, thanks to “Moonlight Stories”, Guyanese stories and Guyanese fashion are immortal. Next week, we will continue with interviews with the talented designers who showcased their work at the event.
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Why it’s important to recognise people’s hard work... FROM PAGE XVII
edged. It feels good to be recognised and appreciated. I’m aware that there are many award ceremonies, and I must applaud the efforts of the teams behind the various awards at the national and community levels. It is quite commendable to see teams like the 25 Influential Women Awards to go above and beyond for Guyanese to gain the recognition they deserve in their various fields of work. On that note, I do understand that not every institution or industry may have the resources or capacity to annually award persons of interest. However, awards may not always come in the form of a prize or trophy. It can also come through a social media post of appreciation, a few words of encouragement or even a hug. Either way, we should always try to positively motivate and empower people no matter how big or small their contribution is to their community and country at large. Just as my recent award motivated me, especially in one of the most difficult mental periods of my life, I am certain that similar gestures like these can do the same for others. Positive rewards and reinforcement foster further growth and allow one’s self to be reminded that hard work and dedication are important and acknowledged. It allows them to feel accomplished and to celebrate, even if it’s just for a day or a few minutes. I urge all places of employment, organisations, and even government offices to realise the importance of giving recognition. We should not only recognise people for what they’ve accomplished but also for their potential; we can also celebrate what they are capable of achieving. With that said, I am now hopeful that readers who are in positions to recognise and acknowledge persons of interest see the importance of uplifting others for their hard work. I hope to see many more award ceremonies, thanksgiving and prize-giving ceremonies in Guyana’s near future. It is needed now more than ever.
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The culture of ...
consumption are just as many and as serious as the physical ones. Alcohol is classified as a depressant drug which means, just as it sounds, that it physically depresses our nervous system. This ‘physical depression’ causes many people to believe that alcohol eases stress and anxiety when, in the long run, it does just the opposite. Heavy alcohol use can worsen and even cause mental health issues. Alcohol flows through many pathways in the brain, which results in disruptions and impairments in thought, behaviour, communication, judgement, coordination, concentration and memory- to name a few. Heavy use causes psychosis, which is identified by both audio and visual hallucinations. Drinking alcohol lowers the level of serotonin in the brain- the chemical responsible for regulating our mood. This is what highly increases the chances of depression in alcohol-dependent people. This is also the explanation as to why suicide is highly correlated with alcohol use. An individual is about five times more likely to attempt suicide if they are heavy alcohol users. Even though alcohol is a social drug, it does ironically have many negative social impairments. Alcohol drastically affects one’s personality – we all claim to either be a ‘good/ happy drunk’ or a ‘bad/sad drunk.’ No matter the mood, these changes negatively affect our relationships. High school dropout and low productivity as well as crimes such as robberies and sexual assault, are all social issues mainly caused by alcohol use within our community. The economic effects can be seen just by re-reading the above. Heavy alcohol use causes medical bills, lack of productivity, loss of money within the family etc. People think that it’s funny when their friend does something silly because of alcohol. This could be anything from calling an ex-partner to falling down. It seems funny at the time, but there isn’t anything funny about impaired judgement. There isn’t anything funny about not being able to control what we do or say. Impaired judgement is what causes aggression, which leads to physical fights, resulting not only in personal injury but also injury to innocent bystanders. In cases of domestic violence, alcohol is more often than not a causal factor. Impaired judgement is what leads to drunk driving with additional impaired coordination. Impaired judgement leads to the contraction of HIV, STDs as well as unwanted pregnancy. People think it’s funny when they cannot remember anything the next day, and they need to call their friends to remind them. When drinking alcohol, your brain processes slow down and therefore stops recording into the ‘memory bank’. This is short term and doesn’t necessarily damage any brain cells, but long term use can have permanent effects. It isn’t that funny when you really think about it. How do we cut down our alcohol use? I’m not going to lie; it is incredibly difficult to stop drinking alcohol. It is physically and mentally easier to come off of crack cocaine than it is to come off of alcohol. Let that sink in. This is true for many reasons- alcohol is socially acceptable, easier to obtain, has a longer withdrawal period, and so many other reasons. Even with all my research, I had never realised how hard it was to stop until I tried. One of my New Year’s Resolutions was only to drink alcohol on special occasions. I have been successful so far, but if I’m honest, it has been surprisingly difficult. It is hard for me not to drink when everyone else around me is drinking – I become anxious and a bit irritated, and I have never had a problem with alcohol consumption. I urge everyone to do this. Challenge yourself, even if for a week, to stop drinking alcohol and see for yourself how tough it is. How dangerously close most of us are to addiction. The harsh reality is that even though we may be educated on all the harms stated above, it is not enough to push us to stop drinking. That’s how powerful alcohol is- but it doesn’t have to be. If you need the extra push, here are some tips that will help lower alcohol use. The first thing you need to do is keep track of your alcohol consumption. Count how many drinks you have per week, how you feel before you drink and how you feel after. For example, did you feel stressed or sad before consumption? Did you feel that way after? It’s important to know these things in order to determine why you drink or what would be a good substitute.
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When you know your exact drinking patterns, you can decrease your use from there. Make a pros and cons list. On one side, list the personal benefits of alcohol and the harms on the other. I guarantee the harm will be much longer. Keep this list in a place where you can re-read it every day. Do not keep any alcohol in the home- or any place that you frequent. Accessibility is a major reason for use or relapse. Always eat before you drink. This automatically reduces the intake as well as prevents intoxication. Switch to a beverage with smaller alcohol content. For example, switch from vodka to beer. If you absolutely
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cannot do this, you need to decrease the current amount of your desired drink by half. Have a tall glass of water or juice between every two drinks. Avoid triggers- what makes you want to drink. This could be certain places or people. Do activities that do not usually include alcohol. Example- gym or movies. Put all the money that you save (weekly) on alcohol aside. Buy something nice for yourself (not alcohol!) Finally, let your friends and family know of your hope and attempt to lower alcohol consumption. If they are good influences, they will support your decision and even make it easier for you. I would like to say again that if your drinking is severe, please go in to see a professional to form a proper and healthy quitting plan. Thanking you for reading. Please keep sending any topics you’d like to talk about to caitlinvieira@gmail.com Say Yes to Life and No to Drugs! Always
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The people of Guava ...
From page VI Mangree Baldeo The mother of two related that even before her husband died, she used to plant and sell greens and fruits and then started rearing chickens. She has been a resident of Guava Bush for the past 46 years and she was a market vendor, but due to ill health, she had to quit. Baldeo is from Williamsburg and is from a family of eight siblings. Her husband passed away eight years ago. The single parent would also pick dry coconuts from the trees in her backyard to make coconut oil to sell.
Home of Mangree Baldeo “I am trying to do these things from my home in a bid to earn. I was never dependent on anyone, and that will not change,” she said. Baldeo has been a go-getter from the onset because she got married at a very young age, and it taught her to wise up very quickly. Shamdai Rupan, the pensioner and her dogs Shamdai Rupan is where she wants to be, that is, Guava Bush, her village but the canal near to her home is eroding rapidly and overtops, which causes flooding. The 72-year-old told the Pepperpot Magazine that she has been living in the village for the past 40 years but is originally from Topoo, the village, next door. She was the cook at the Albion/Port Mourant Sugar Estate for 43 years before she retired and is taking care of her dogs, all nine, including Rottweilers. The mother of four added that she used to love gardening but due to the constant flooding, she lost most of her fruit trees. Some flowers are barely hanging on while most perished. Rupan doesn’t go out much, but when she ventures out, it is to the mandir, which is located a bit further up the street.
CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, May 29, 2022
Last... Last ...
FROM PAGE XV
the infrastructural setup and branding for this event. I admire the calmness of Neil, Commander in Chief of IMPRESSIONS. It was unbelievable even though the pressure was to meet a deadline in the most efficient and impressive manner. One of the other things I admire about Neil is his support for businesses like mine. Well done, Neil and team! I am happy I participated for many reasons. If you had a chance to read last week’s column, you would have realised how much I enjoy not just enjoying nature but farms also. I just may be trading the fashion world for a farm sooner than you think. Thank you to all people who expressed their gratitude for this column and shared how much the content inspired them. It feels great to interact with people after a couple of years. The feedback reminded me that I am fulfilling my purpose because many lives were touched positively as a result of my work. What was fascinating was the age range from the young to the not so young. I received so much love from a lady in her 80s. She felt so genuine, and she said she had watched me on TV and read many things in the papers over the years but never thought she would ever see me in person. We spoke about my books and my 25 years in fashion and she loves the Pineapple Achar, a brand I represent. I love interacting with seniors so we had a nice chat. Events such as these go beyond business for me because of the opportunity to impart knowledge to our young girls and young boys. It was fun watching the young girls and boys from Rhema Global Academy interacting with Delven Adams from Backyard Café, and I certainly enjoyed the cuisine he prepared. The culinary section also featured chef Kester and the singing chef Eon with some delicious new foods that tantalised our taste buds. Many children from various schools visited the expo and they had a blast. It is great for them to interact with entrepreneurs and receive first-hand information. A large number of women with small businesses were featured, which gave some of these youth some idea of what is possible and they too can start a business if they so desire. Many quality products manufactured in Guyana were on display, and one of my favourites is the coconut chips from Only Coconuts. I am so impressed that I plan to amplify the various products they produce not only for the local market. I am still in EXPO mood and will be participating in a business expo at Love and Faith Today from 12 noon as part of the new feature for Camp meeting 2022. The EXPO started yesterday and it gives the business not only at Love and Faith but other churches, an opportunity to showcase. There are many business opportunities and collaborations around us if we intentionally look for them. Sometimes we need to take chances and jump and grow our wings down as we celebrate this beautiful journey called life BEYOND THE RUNWAY.
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PAINT A RAINBOW IN ... FROM PAGE X
“Oh darn,” was all she could say after that meal, her eyes misting from the spiciness. Later in the morning, she shared candies to the children in the neighbourhood who were thrilled by her British accent and one young boy boldly remarked, “You like wan ah dem James Bond 007 gyal friend.” “What!” she said laughing, surprised they knew the Scottish actor. “The children these days,” Vinita told her, “Know everything because every home has a television now.” “That’s great.” And in a moment of reminiscing, she said quietly, “Growing up as a child here, we had radio and storytelling nights.” The next day she took a walk along the streets where she used to play games and ride her bike. She had the names of some people her father had given her to become acquainted with, but most of them were not there anymore. “Where has everyone gone?” she asked, a bit perturbed. “Migration,” was the answer. “Oh yes,” Kara acknowledged, “My family was a part of that exodus.” Looking at the list of names in her hand, a tinge of regret touched her heart. A separation that left a deep yearning where hands could not touch anymore distanced from loved ones by thousands of miles, for life had created more journeys other than across the Kala Pani. That night she took some family members and neighbours for a night out in New Amsterdam. The town had risen to greater heights with television stations, hotels and supermarkets, restaurants and nightclubs. It was a night of fun, laughter and great food, Banks Beer and El Dorado rum when the troubles of the world were forgotten. A couple of days later, she went on a trip to the Corentyne, another wonderful experience for her because this place she had no memory of. Vinita, a regular visitor to Corentyne, described to her the developments over the years that left Kara truly impressed. But what impressed her more was the University at Tain, a world of opportunity for the young people striding with the great advances of tertiary education. “It had some problems though,” Amar stated. “What doesn’t?” Kara responded, “Problems are a norm all over the world, but it’s how you address issues to find solutions is what makes a difference.” “Totally agree with you,” Vinita said, “But right now, I’m hungry.” They stopped at a Chinese restaurant and Kara surprised her cousins with the fact she knew to speak Chinese, having covered a few assignments in China. The proprietor was quite pleased with his new customer and more so when she told him, she had eaten once at his uncle’s restaurant in Zhi Jian. “Talk about a small world,” Vinita expressed, “And you’re quite an amazing woman.” After quite an enjoyable lunch, they drove further up the countryside through Springlands, an established township; the impressionable Skeldon market; historical sugar estate; the beautiful community of Line Path and into Crabwood Creek. This was an area remarkably developed through farming business and trade with neighbouring Suriname. The ferry crossing at Moleson Creek was another great accomplishment and the end of the visit. Kara felt a deep sense of satisfaction as they left Corentyne, back to Canje to relax for another day. Everywhere she went, and everything she saw was beyond her expectations, which left an indelible mark on her mind. So when it was time to leave, she felt kind of sad saying goodbye to a place where a piece of her heart had always been. “So you know what,” she declared, “This is not ‘Goodbye’, this is ‘See you again later’”. There were many places left to visit, so much more amazing things to see that she knew she would definitely make more visits. And as she left her beloved land at the end of her vacation, the thoughts in her mind were, “I came back after such a long time because my identity was not lost, my legacy of belonging not broken, and with that, I can paint a rainbow in the sky.”
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THOUGHT FOR TODAY The unexamined li fe is not worth living. SOCRATES (469-3 99 B Plato, Apology, 38 .C.) a
May 29, 2022 STUDY SUCCESS Dear Student, Welcome dear friend. Let us look at concept development as it relates to comprehension development. Some experts may
say that there is no substitute for direct experience to develop a concept, but this is not the major vehicle for concept development. Direct experiences are oftentimes impossible. Here is how you conceptualise the word: ‘relate the new to the known’ to assimilate new information. Remember, you rarely use a wordfor which you have noaccurate concept. Be wise. Love you. THE PASSAGE Read the following passage carefully and then answer the questions below. The Fox The fox is probably the most intelligent of all quadrupeds. It is allied to the dog and closely resembles the Alsatian, the wolf, the hyena, and such others. Its chief points of difference from the others are the sharper muzzle and the shorter legs in proportion to the size of the body. Its tail or “bush” is also longer, and its ears more erect. Its eyes contract in strong light and expand in darkness to enable the animal to hunt at night. It excavates its own lair by burrowing, but frequently steals other animals’ burrows and converts them into his own “earth”. The animal’s cunning and slyness is shown by the high number of bolt-holesfrom its lair. Its power of scent is very acute, and its hearing very highly developed. The animal has a peculiar strong scent, which leaves the “trail” in fox-hunting. When keenly chased Reynard frequently escapes by dashing into wide and open drain-pipes. For this reason one may see gratings placed over the mouths of many road-side and field drains. When cornered by the hounds the animal has been known to climb roofs of houses and to dash into nearby cottages in desperate efforts to shake off its pursuers. 1. What is a quadruped? 2. Name SIX animals, THREE from the passage and THREE that you know the fox is probably allied to. 3. Name FOUR points of difference between the fox and the dog. 4. Name ONE other creature that hunts at night. 5. What TWO words are used for the fox’s den? 6. Of what use are boltholes? 7. What enabled the hounds to track down the fox? 8. According to the pas-
sage, why do gratings sometimes cover drain-pipes? 9. What is meant by “When the chase is keen”? 10. Give the meanings of the following words as used in the passage: contract, excavates, frequently, converts, scent, peculiar. THE PASSAGE Read the following passage carefully and then answer the questions below that lead to the solution of a problem. After the cycling competition that had taken place in Windsor Forest, the judges did not what to do. The fog had been so thick that they could not possibly tell who was first. So, they decided to ask three of the cyclists, Alan, Bertie and Cedric what they had seen. Each of them made two statements but unfortunately one of the three men lied in his statements. The other two told the truth. Here is what each of them said. Can you help the judges to find who the first three cyclists were? Alan said, “I was first, the last one was Cedric.” Bertie said, “Alan was not first. The second was Cedric.” Cedric said, “I was before Alan. Bertie was not second.” The following questions should help you solve the problem. 1. Can both Alan and Bertie tell the truth about Cedric? 2. Therefore, can you tell whether Cedric lies or tells the truth? 3. Now that you know whether Cedric tells the truth or not, consider his statement and compare it to what Alan and Bertie said. Who told the truth: Alan or Bertie? 4. Now consider the information in the two statements of the persons who tell the truth. Who was second? ......... Who was after him? ......... Therefore, who must have been first? ......... GRAMMAR Vocabulary, Spelling and Good Writing A..These words are often confused: suit, suite, sweet; rout, route, root. Use each word in a sentence that illustrates its meaning. Try to make them part of your working vocabulary by using them correctly in your compositions. B.. Find and correct the errors in the following sentences. 1. The house duties will be divided between Sandrine and I. 2. I can not understand the decision of the judges who presided over the teenagers’ beach wear competition. 3. The new letterheads have all ready been designed by the various task forces. 4. This new calculator has it’s correction key in an inconvenient place. 5. That machine don’t need much maintenance. 6. We have chartered all the sales figures on this graph. C.. If your writing is to be effective, you must employ synonyms to avoid the overuse of certain words, and when a single word of explanation will suffice, do not use more. Synonyms are substitute words (words with similar meanings). Antonyms are substitute words (words with opposite meanings). In the following exercise three or four words in each group are synonyms. The fourth is an antonym. Spot the intruder. 1. constrict, expand, compress, contract 2. just, unbiased, objective, partial 3. prohibit, ban, permit, enjoin 4. exhibit, disguise, cloak, camouflage 5. authenticate, confirm, invalidate, verify 6. fulfill, initiate, commence, begin D..Be certain to read the following instructions carefully and then coin a fitting piece of communication. Each Monday morning students announce upcoming events over the school’s public address system. Write a one-minute announcement about the monthly meeting of the school’s Junior Achievement Club. The club will use the meeting to introduce several local business people, who will speak on topics relevant to starting a new job in their respective businesses. The club would like a large attendance at such an important and useful meeting. Tell when and where the club meet and who the special guests will be.
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Keeping your teeth
TODAY, older adults are keeping their natural teeth longer because of scientific developments and the preventive emphasis in dentistry. This improvement is seen in the results of a survey released by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. They showed that among persons aged 55 to 64, the rate of toothlessness had dropped 60 percent since 1960. Good oral hygiene and regular dental care are important throughout your life, whatever your age. By practising good oral hygiene at home and visiting your dentist regularly, you will prevent dental problems and save time and money as well. In the process, you can save your teeth and gums. Thorough daily brushing and flossing of your natural teeth are essential to keep them in good condition – especially as you age. Plaque, the sticky, colourless layer of bacteria that causes tooth decay and gum disease (periodontal disease), can build up quickly on the teeth of older adults, particularly when they neglect oral hygiene. This can increase your risk for tooth decay and periodontal disease. A few simple steps can help you maintain good oral health throughout your life. The key to a healthy mouth is to obey the Rule of Thoroughness. It is now confirmed that simply brushing three times a day is not at all sufficient. The modern rule stipulates that you brush each tooth for 1 minute every 24 hours, including flossing (cleaning between your teeth). Be sure to see your dentist regularly for exams and professional teeth cleaning. Tooth decay is not just a child’s problem. Adults of all ages can have cavities, too. The causes of tooth decay are the same for everyone, regardless of age. Decay results when the bacteria in plaque feed on the carbohydrates (sugar and starch) in our diet to produce acids that can cause cavities. The nature of the decay problem does change somewhat as people grow older. Adults are more likely to have decay around older fillings. Because many adults grew up without the benefits of fluoride, they may have many more fillings. Decay of the tooth root is also common among older adults. Root caries (decay) occur when the gums recede, exposing the softer root surface, which decays more easily than tooth enamel. Tooth decay is also promoted by dry mouth. This condition – called xerostomia – occurs when the supply of saliva is significantly reduced. It can be caused by many types of medications (such as antihistamines, anti-hypertensives, and anti-depressants) or radiation therapy to the head or neck. Saliva is needed to lubricate the mouth, wash foods away and neutralize the acids produced by plaque. Dry mouth can lead to rampant tooth decay if continued. If you think you have this problem, discuss it with your dentist or physician. They might recommend artificial saliva and fluoride products to help prevent decay. Gum disease – periodontal disease – often progresses slowly, without pain, over a long period. This is one reason why it is common among older adults. The longer the condition goes undetected and uncontrolled, the more damage it causes to gums and other supporting tissues. Although periodontal disease is caused by plaque, other factors can increase the risk or severity of the condition. These include food left between the teeth, smoking, smokeless (spit) tobacco use, poorly aligned teeth, ill-fitting bridges or partial dentures, poor diets and systemic diseases such as anaemia. Although periodontal disease is common, it can be controlled or arrested. In its early stages, it can be reversed. Treatment of advanced cases may require surgery. Look for these warning signs and see your dentist if you notice any of them: bleeding gums when you brush; red, tender or swollen gums; gums that have pulled away from teeth; pus between your teeth and gums when the gums are pressed; loose teeth or teeth that are moving apart; any change in your bite; any change in the fit of partial dentures; constant bad breath or bad taste. Even if you no longer have your natural teeth, you should see your dentist regularly for an oral examination. The dentist will examine your mouth to check for any problem with the gum ridges, the tongue and the
joints of the jaw, and screen for oral cancer. For various reasons, many older adults are more susceptible to oral diseases, including oral cancer. About 95 percent of all cancers are found in people over age 40. However, many of these cancers
are treatable if detected early. Oral tissues are also checked for signs of other diseases that can first manifest themselves in the mouth.
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