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Guyana Republic Jubilee Reflect, Celebrate, Transfrom

Sunday, February 2, 2020

This week, the Ministry of Education kick-started Guyanaâ€™s 50th Republic Anniversary Celebrations with the Childrenâ€™s Regional Mashramani Competition. In this photo, West Field Prep girls deliver a captivating performance during their psychical display at the National Cultural Centre (Carl Croker photo)

ANKS DIH ESSEQUIBO ‘FamilyMembers’ PLEASED

By Francis Quamina Farrier

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― February 2, 2020

OLLOWING the principal BANKS DIH Ltd Annual Shareholders Meeting at Thirst Park in Georgetown on Saturday, January 25, Company Chairman Clifford Reis and directors, travelled to Airy Hall on the Essequibo Coast last Sunday for the first of four Annual Shareholders Branch Meetings. On Wednesday, January 29, the chairman and directors then travelled to Bartica, some 55 miles farther south, up the Essequibo River from Airy Hall, for the second annual BANKS DIH Shareholders Branch meeting of 2020. Having covered these BANKS DIH branch meetings for many years, I have come to realise that these branch meetings are special. They seem a lot like annual family reunions when share-

holders get the opportunity to interact with each other and hear directly from the company chairman about the company’s performance during the previous financial year. They are also given the opportunity to pose questions directly to the chairman and later interact with him and other directors one-on-one. Shareholders also receive gifts: an umbrella, a torchlight, a bag and such like. In the family atmosphere, some years ago, one of the shareholders recommended that the gift for the following year should be a Rolex wristwatch which brought some amusement to the gathering. Sometimes the chairman relates that incident when injecting some lighter moments into the meetings. BANKS DIH is regarded as a most generous Guyanese company which makes donations to worthy causes in the disciplines of sports, and others including education. One of the traditions at the compa-

ny’s Annual Shareholders Meetings is to give cheques representing substantial sums to two schools which have applied, to finance a specific project which was previously identified. In his report this year, Chairman Reis had good news for the shareholders who hail from the Essequibo Coast and Islands, and also Bartica, last Sunday and Wednesday. Their company had once again increased its after-tax profits due to increased sales of its products, resulting in the shareholders receiving larger dividends for their wise investment. Before leaving Airy Hall last Sunday, I spoke with one of the shareholders from that region. “I am very pleased with the report by the chairman,” Walter Elliot of the Henrietta Housing Scheme, told me. He and his wife of 53 years, Desiree, have been BANKS DIH shareholders since 1967 and expressed joy at the strides which their

company continues to make. Arriving at Bartica last Wednesday for the second Shareholders Branch Meet-

Bartica Businessman, 80-year-old Takur Persaud of Takur Persaud and Sons General Store, Fourth Avenue, Bartica, is a BANKS DIH Shareholder and Dealer

Chinese Nationals, Zhi Bin Xu and his wife Xiu Hua Xu, proprietors of The China Supermarket at Adventure on the Essequibo Coast, are dealers of BANKS DIH products

Married for 53 years, Walter Elliott and his wife Desiree, of Henrietta, Essequibo Coast, have been BANKS DIH Shareholders since 1967 (Photos by F.Q. Farrier)

ing, the chairman and team were welcomed by shareholders from Bartica and neighbouring communities in that riverine community of the Essequibo, Mazaruni and Cuyuni rivers. It was another year for them to gather, listen to the Chairman’s Report, ask questions and later interact with each other. Once again I took the opportunity to solicit the thoughts of one of the oldest shareholders of that region. Takur Persaud of Takur Persaud and Sons General Store, Fourth Avenue, Bartica, has been operating his business for 40 years and has been a sharehold-

er and dealer of BANKS DIH products for almost 25 years. Like other Essequibo shareholders, 80-year-old Takur Persaud expressed pleasure that his investment in the company will continue to pay even larger dividends to his children and grandchildren in the coming years. One of the desires of Chairman Reis pertains to the expansion of the company and its subsidiary, The Citizens Bank at Bartica, is to have a plot of land on which to construct a larger and more attractive building than is the present Citizens Bank on First Avenue. Over

the past two Annual Shareholders Meetings at Bartica, Chairman Reis openly asked for a good location on which to construct a new and larger Citizens Bank. This year he happily announced that a suitable plot of land was acquired and that construction of the new Citizens Bank, Bartica Branch would commence shortly. The third Shareholders Branch Meeting for 2020 was held at Linden last Friday, while the fourth and final for 2020 is scheduled for today at New Amsterdam. I will report on those in next week’s Pepperpot Magazine.

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― February 2, 2020

III

Sustainable tourism is a win-win situation for all

Kaieteur Falls, the world’s largest single-drop (741ft/226 metres) waterfall by volume of water flowing over it. It is located on the Potaro River, Region Eight

By Margaret Burke

UYANA possesses almost everything a tourist can come looking for. President David Granger described it this way, “… a big, beautiful and bountiful country,” adding: “…

lakes and rainforest; a country which is divided by a 1,000-kilometre-long river? “Where would you encounter some of the world’s largest and rarest species of ants, armadillos, bats, caimans, monkeys, rodents, snakes, spiders, storks, toads, turtles and vultures? How

A proud record

Therefore, the Government of Guyana is proud of its tourism record thus far. Even before coming into office in 2015, the APNU+AFC coalition had stated on their platform, the need for a good and growing tourism sector. Improvement in air transport, the construction St George’s Cathedral – one of the largest wooden churches in the world

what would you expect of a country which is larger than any Caribbean island with a variegated landscape, including coastlands, highlands, grasslands, islands in the Essequibo River - bigger than the British Virgin Islands - wetlands, waterfalls

could you explain to a visitor that the species of birds, bees, butterflies, fish and frogs are too numerous to count?” Noting, “Our forest, like a limitless sea of broccoli, is the habitat of some of the world’s unique species of flora and fauna.”

and rehabilitation of roads, boathouses and other necessities were in the pipeline. But the government would be the first to admit that while much has been achieved, there is still some distance to go. The Guyana Tourism Authority (GTA) records showed that for 2013, visitors who

came on pleasure trips to Guyana numbered 124,618. The following year, 123,434 people came for the same reason. By 2015, there was a shift in the numbers; however, by 2018, the country received over 286,000 persons as visitors for the same reason. Mullis said that tourism

has become the second-largest export sector in the country after gold and ahead of rice. He noted approximately 7.8 per cent of Guyana’s overall GDP is realised from the travel and tourism sector.

Jobs created

President Granger explained that the increase in tourism would simultaneously bring about an increase in businesses, where many would benefit as a result of

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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― February 2, 2020

On a mission to promote the arts

By Vishani Ragobeer

e started off by merely penning the thoughts swirling around in his head. For him, creating poems was a way he would channel his thoughts and feelings, but also encourage any reader to question the universe, life and everything in between. “I’ve been doing poetry a while now. I would randomly write some poems and compile,” Tarik Braithwaite said while sharing how his journey in poetry began. Over the years, he developed his own unique style; he wanted the words he strung together to force his reader to ponder upon the intricacies of the lives they live and the experiences they have. His poems, he said, begs for the reader to think beyond ‘surface level’. He’s also a law student by day, but that doesn’t hinder him from always being immersed in his art. In fact, he will soon be launching his self-published collection of poems called “Trapped in thoughts”. This collection, he highlighted, speaks a lot about his life and personal experiences. This collection will be officially launched sometime in April, once Braithwaite sorts out the nitty gritties and, of course, secures adequate financial support. But, this launch is more than just a launch for Tarik’s poems. He intends on using his event to springboard an initiative to promote the arts- whether poetry, dance, art, drama, music, visual arts, or otherwise- in Guyana. “Instead of focusing on me, I decided to get other youths involved,” the young man said. In so doing, his book launch event will feature the work of other young and upcoming Guyanese poets, who bring their own style of writing. He also related that he will be sharing with local literary enthusiasts the process of creating their own books and getting published. He also wants to craft a youth forum to focus on the arts and illustrate how it can be used to tackle social issues. Elaborating on the myriad of plans he has, Tarik said, “I’ve always spoken about it [promoting the arts] but never got around to doing it… so now I will.” In particular, this sudden thrust of his was also prompted by what he believes is a decline in the appreciation for the arts in Guyana. “It’s a passion, and even though a lot of people are telling me I’m chasing a dead end, even if I can reach out to a few, that will be good,” the poet said.

Poet and student, Tarik Braithwaite

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― February 2, 2020

The journey to honing one’s passion for music Shamar Grant

Guyanese music producer Shamar Grant

By Marissa Foster

HAMAR Grant is a young and gifted Guyanese music producer. He would often produce his music under the name of ‘KINCOMARCO.’ Shamar also surrounds himself with a solid team to keep his creative mind alive. He described his childhood as being, ‘ just your regular Guyanese child’, although he was shy and introverted, to say the least. When he is not producing music, he works at the Central Housing & Planning Authority (CH&PA) as a Clerk of Works. When asked what his accomplishments are, he stated that: “A youth attaining a job in the year 2020, is already a great accomplishment.’ Shamar explained that his journey through life hasn’t even started as yet. At least that is how he sees it. He is still very young and has a whole lot more to learn, to experience and to be exposed to. Being an avid user and almost overdosing on

promethazine codeine was perhaps one of the biggest challenges he had to face. He started being medicated because it was a fun thing to do, a ‘trend’ amongst many youngsters, he said. The majority of his favourite rappers were doing it, so why not? The numb feeling he received from it was quite a very different experience. He eventually realised that he was using codeine way too often and he would have random blackouts, going deaf and experiencing his nerves aching for a prolonged period. To him, it was all in the game of ‘being high,’ but the syrup was negatively impacting his body. “I wasn’t addicted to the syrup, I’m too lazy to be addicted to something or someone, to be honest. I just know that it wasn’t doing something good to my body and I stopped using it completely,” stressed Shamar. He urges every young Guyanese youth to stay away from addictive substances. It can be truly harmful to your mind and body and it can distract you from achieving your true potential. Your mind should be creative, but it should also be sane. Apart from becoming one of Guyana’s best music producers, he wants to remain a bit silent on what he hopes for the future: his projects, his music and his career. He urges all who may be interested to stay alert and keep a ‘look-out.’ For persons who would like to be music producers or be in the music business in general, Shamar said, “Forget this one little market and expand elsewhere. Eventually, Guyana and its ‘supportive’ Guyanese will catch up someday. Music, in general, can be a slow winner or achievement, in the eyes of many. Successful musical artistes of Guyana come in few numbers and there is no lie that they had international and foreign influences. Be sure to have a solid team of supportive friends and family, stay connected with your supporters and other artistes and most important, be around when needed and keep quiet and stay on the grind!” Shamar also hopes that everyone takes heed to his story and his struggle of codeine usage or better known as ‘lean.’ It might be very popular on social media and amongst the music community, but it is a serious issue that needs to be addressed, he said.

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― February 2, 2020

Let’s have a discussion with our Presidential Candidates

VER the past two weeks, the idea of a ‘Presidential Debate’was floated around more prominently. The more I see people supporting this, and lobbying for this, the more I am assured that it is through avenues such as these that we will be able to elect the right set of politicians to serve in the best interest of Guyana. During the months gone by, leading up to the Regional and General Elections that will be held on March 2, it was common to see Facebook and WhatsApp statuses about having a debate among the presidential candidates contesting these elections. Over the past week or so, the call for a Presidential Debate has made a more formal and structured appearance with an online petition appearing and with few well-known youth advocates and leaders making it known that they were actively pursuing efforts to facilitate such an event. The 2020 Regional and General Elections really is the mother of all elections Guyana would have so far. And I know this has been the rhetoric that

has surrounded the elections, but it is not without reason. Guyana is now an oil-producing nation, and despite having always being blessed with an abundance of resources, this is a different scenario for this country. For decades, oil has been the most valuable resource. The Economist makes the case that oil is now the second most valuable resource, with data becoming more important. But even so, oil is something that still draws international attention. This means that Guyana, with all eyes on her, has the opportunity to be a nation that makes good use of this resource, or a nation added to the list of failed oil-producing states. The politicians elected at the upcoming elections have the responsibility to ensure that the best alternative is obtained. Frankly speaking, however, we have politicians who resort to race-baiting, slander and fear-mongering. The Guyana Elections Commission (GECOM) has its code of conduct for political leaders, but in January alone, it was reported that one political leader encouraged supporters to act in contravention of

the Representation of the People Act, while another thought it fitting to degrade another political party by likening it to female genitalia. This is what happens at ‘elections time’ in this country I call my home. It is nauseating and so, yes, when I think about the calibre of politicians in this country, for many of them, ethical and professional are not words I would use to describe them. Not painting them all with the same broad brush, but these negative attributes have characterised them for so long. And, for the newer ones who have not shown any of these negative attributes, I cannot ascertain if they can be better leaders than the ones we have or have had. For me, this is why it becomes important to have at least one public, open forum where all of the candidates will be in the same place, speaking about the same topics. Say, for example, the topic is the creation of jobs or the management of the oil sector. Each candidate has the opportunity to present their plans and show how they intend implementing these, practically and feasibly. At the same time,

they will be speaking amidst other candidates who have the leeway to express why they think those strategies would not be as suitable for Guyana. It is the kind of intellectual conversation I have never heard of in Guyana, but I think it could be a way of gradually moving away from the party and ethnic loyalty that has attracted voters for ages. I will concede, however, while I have been a fervent advocate for a presidential debate, I have come to understand that a “debate” is currently not the best engagement forum for Guyanese and more importantly, Guyanese politicians. In this context, while a

debate seems practical and well-meaning, it may very well just result in a ‘buse out’ or a ‘session.’. And as such, when a friend reasoned with me, I didn’t need much convincing as to why a debate may be problematic. A discussion, or just a public forum such as a town hall meeting, perhaps, seems to be a good alternative, with the same agenda. These fora, just like a debate, would, however, provide an avenue for candidates to engage with the populace by answering questions and defending their solutions and positions on certain matters, instead of the generic campaign rallies. I still want a debate

among the candidates. I still want them to articulate their policies and reasoning why the policies they intend to implement are better for the country. But, perhaps, this needs to be something that is gradually introduced. For the time being, with elections just about one month away, I would be satisfied if my politicians took the time to engage us, particularly young people like myself who have no intentions of even considering to vote on the basis of race or party loyalty, with scant disregard for what the party plans to do. So yes, let’s have a discussion with our political leaders.

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― February 2, 2020

E TEND to think of bad breath -- also known as halitosis -- as an adult problem. So it is always a shocker when parents smell foul breath coming from their little angel. If it persists, they often worry that something is seriously wrong with their child. As one mother said to me recently when she brought her son to my clinic, “I’m afraid that my child is rotting inside.” Chronic bad breath in adults can indeed be an ominous sign, which in extreme cases can even indicate stomach cancer. But in children, though, halitosis is hardly ever connected with anything that serious. A study published in the March 2009 issue of the Journal of Paediatrics reveals that most times bad breath in children comes either from the mouth itself or from the nasal cavity.

VII

Children with halitosis

Several things in the oral and nasal cavities can cause bad breath in kids. · The most common cause is simply poor dental hygiene. Bacteria feeding on stagnant saliva and food particles is the cause of classic “morning breath.” And we all know that morning breath can turn into “afternoon and evening breath” if your child doesn’t get a good tooth and tongue brushing in the morning and at night. Sometimes food particles get caught in little crypts in the tonsils. This too can cause foul odour. · Tooth decay can also be a culprit. If the decay hasn’t yet affected the dental root, your child won’t experience pain, but may just have smelly breath. Both acute and chronic sinusitis have been associated with bad breath. In these cases, though, bad breath isn’t the only symptom. Sinusitis is usually accompanied by a daytime and night-time

cough and possibly a fever, face swelling, or a thick yellow-green nasal discharge. · Bad breath can signal pharyngitis -- a throat infection. Usually your child will also complain of a sore throat. As with sinusitis, the odour is probably coming from the bacterial infection itself and from bacteria feeding on stagnant saliva because your child is mouth-breathing. · Seasonal allergies could be the cause. Allergies can cause pooling of mucus in the back of the throat (postnasal drip), which can be accompanied by halitosis. In this case your child may also complain of such symptoms as a dry cough which gets worse at night, itchy eyes, and a runny nose. · Finally, it’s practically a rite of passage for a child to shove something -- typically a corn kernel, a pea, or a dime -- up into his or her nose. If this foreign body is left there, it can begin to rot or cause a

surrounding infection. In this instance, the bad smell will come predominantly from the nose and not the mouth. 1. First of all, try not to make your child feel self-conscious. Children will have lots of time as they grow older to obsess about bad breath, and there’s no need to get them started prematurely. Instead, use this as an opportunity to teach your child good self-care habits. Explain that washing teeth is as necessary as washing other parts of the body. 2. Let your child pick out a toothbrush and toothpaste. Just make sure that the toothbrush has soft or medium bristles and is small enough for the child’s mouth. The toothpaste should contain fluoride. Commercial mouthwashes and breath-freshener

lozenges are poor substitutes for brushing teeth and are not recommended for kids. 3. Supervise your child’s toothbrushing twice a day, something many parents overlook in the rush to get out the door in the morning or to get kids in bed at night. Brushing your teeth with your children is a good way to teach them how to do it properly. 4. Once any two of your child’s teeth touch, you should start them on flossing, says the American Dental Association (ADA). This will make gums healthier and remove decaying food particles. 5. If you see food caught in your child’s tonsils, have him or her try gargling with warm water to dislodge the food.

6. Make sure that your child gets regular dental checkups--at least once a year-- beginning with his or her first birthday, recommends the ADA. If you suspect that your child has shoved something up his nose, then contact your health provider for further advice. Generally, it isn’t a great idea for parents to try to fish out the object, because they usually succeed only in shoving it further up the nostril. Bad breath doesn’t go away with careful dental hygiene, consult your dentist. If the bad breath is accompanied by a cough that lasts more than 10 to 12 days, or by a fever or thick nasal discharge, then contact your health provider.

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― February 2, 2020

VIII

An inspiring athlete’s continuous sprint to higher heights By Alisa Lashley

HE name Owen Adonis is not unfamiliar to Guyana’s sporting scene. The Pepperpot Magazine took the opportunity to interview and gain background knowledge on the young athlete and what contributed to who he is. Owen Victor Solomon Adonis best known as “OVSA”, a nickname, he recalled his mom creating with the first letters from all of his names. He grew up in the small village of Golden Grove with his extended family. Adonis described his childhood to be one that was fun-filled and very dynamic. “My house was always full because I lived with my extended family. So there was little to no privacy but I was comfortable and well taken care of. There was never a dull moment or a space to be bored because I always had my cousins around.” He later attended the North Georgetown primary school and St. Joseph High school in Georgetown As a child, if he wasn’t at home playing videos games, one would find Owen in the streets running around or at the football field. “I’ve been involved in sports for as long as I can remember. My dad was a goalkeeper for the national football team, so my first love was football. I’ve been playing that for most of my life. I was good at football but people always noticed how quick I was on the field. So track was always suggested to me but I wasn’t interested at first, “ Adonis detailed. However, he recalled the first race he won, while competing in the University of Guyana’s annual inter-faculty sports at the 200m sprint. Owen stated that he wasn’t serious about track as yet and certainly didn’t expect to win the race, but the win sparked an interest for him and he wanted to see what more the sport had to offer. He later joined the Enmore Athletics Club in 2013 and started to pursue track and field on a stern level. Unlike many other sports, track and field is always been described as a lifestyle. Owen recalled training taking place every day and sometimes twice daily, stating, “I would usually wake up at 5 am for my first session, usually a workout in the gym. Then I would head to UG for classes during the day followed by a track session in the evening. People said it was too much but there are no shortcuts in this sport. You have to do the work in order to be successful.” In 2015, he ventured on to play Rugby with the University of Guyana team, with the coach and players believing his speed would be an asset to the team. After a few good performances locally and internationally with the University’s team, he was called up for trials with the national team and about 10 minutes into the game, he recalls being tackled to the point, where he suffered several injuries including a broken ankle. After corrective surgery a few hours later, Owen was set to begin his recovery process, which he described to be a very gloomy but reflective period in his life. Road to recovery “The recovery process was actually better than expected. At first, I was depressed about not being able to do the things I loved anymore. But with the from my family and friends, I quickly snapped out it and started having a outlook on the situation. I spent the next eight to ten weeks in the pool trysome of my fitness up until I could return to the field,” Owen stated. But Owen would realise that very set back is often said to be a set up comeback. In 2017 the National Sports Commission (NSC) awarded him ic scholarship to attend the University of the West Indies, Mona Campus read for a Degree in Management Studies. Adonis described the shock after receiving the news, since he was still recovering from his injury. “It was a bittersweet moment for me, being able to run again realising I was no longer fast hit me hard. I believe the injury was a guise for me. After the injury I became more dedicated to my craft University track team travelled to Jamaica to compete at the UWI Inmeet. While running the first leg of a 4x400 relay, I caught the attencoach and the rest was history. I would never have been where I am Ms. Lavern Fraser, she worked hard to help secure the scholarship sports commission and UW, “ Adonis posited.

support positive ing to keep for a greater with an Athletin Jamaica, to he experienced felt amazing but blessing in disa n d af te r th e vitational track tion of the track today, without with the national

New place Being in an entirely new environment and having to culturally adapt, was described to be a bit of challenging at first but like proven before, he was determined to make the best of his situation. Owen related, that “the training volume was way more than I was accustomed to and very consistent. After my first year, I got accustomed to it and learned to love it. In return, I was rewarded with improvements in my sprint times and outstanding performances. As it relates to academics, that seemed easy to me. Making the dean’s list in my first year with a 3.67 GPA.” Owen is expected to Graduate with his degree in November of this year, but his anticipating to win the national 100m and 200m championships and to begin preparations for the upcoming Olympic Games in Tokyo. “It’s an Olympic year, so I’m putting in the work, aiming to qualify and earn a spot to compete at the Olympic Games in Tokyo. My coach Kerry-Lee Ricketts believes the 100m is our best chance. Last season we got a PR of 10.47. This is .42 of a second off the Olympic standard,” Adonis indicated. In his advice to upcoming young Athletes, he implored them to trust their coach and to trust the process; to set major goals and to work towards attaining them with the right mindset, while allowing God to be the centre of all they do.

Owen Adonis

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― February 2, 2020

Vergenoegen Focus on the Village

The village of hard working people and many interesting stories

Kemroy Marks (Carl Croker photos)

Villagers out and about in Vergenoegen

A section of the village

By Michel Outridge

HIS week the Pepperpot Magazine journeyed to the village of Vergenoegen, East Bank Essequibo. Vergenoegen is a Dutch word, meaning ‘Land of Contentment’. The community is also familiarly referred to by villagers as ‘Veggae’. It is a rural community located in Region Three (Essequibo Islands/West Demerara) and on the eastern bank of the mouth of the Essequibo River. Given the warmth and camaraderie which characterised the early people of Vergenoegen, as the years rolled on, people of other ethnic origins gradually moved into the village, to the extent that today, the population - which is of a multi-ethnic mix - lives in peace and harmony. Upon entering the village, the team met Kemroy Marks, who was at his favourite spot, the four-corner shed at the side of the road where villagers meet for a friendly game of cards and chit chat daily. He was among several young men, some of whom had

their birdcages hanging while others were chatting in a friendly manner. This was at Train Station Street, Vergenoegen, East Bank Essequibo, where many shops are making it a ‘bright’ spot for villagers to converge. Marks told the Pepperpot Magazine that there is harmony among the village people and there is simply no separation regardless of race there. “This is the best side because we have everything here and we don’t have to go out the village per se and we know about hard work not thieving,” he said. The village has a bakery, a health centre, schools, a large ball field, a rice factory, a gas station and other businesses. The 27-year-old reported that he is a miner and most times he is in the interior but returned home for the holidays and is waiting for the weather to change to return to his trade. Marks is also a construction worker and that is his side-hustle until he goes back to mining. He added that most residents have their small businesses, some rice and cash crops farmers, fishermen and some work

The four-corner shed; the ideal liming spot for residents

in offices. Marks said the people of Vergenoegen are friendly and they have a lot of elders in that community and people respect each other as such, they live in harmony and peace. Vergenoegen is home to some prominent people including, former Harbour Master, Volton Skeet; Clarence Trotz, former Headmaster of Queen’s College and St. Stanislaus’ College; Former Chief of Staff of the Guyana Defence Force, Col. Edward Collins; the first Headmistress of St. Roses High School, Sr. Hazel Campaign; Reverend Beresford Winter, Pastor of Guyana’s heritage Smith’s AME Church; Sharief Khan, former Editor-in-Chief of the Guyana Chronicle; Adrian Thompson, the mountaineer who, at Guyana’s first Independence, climbed Mount Ayanganna to hoist the national flag; Minnet Mohamed Hafiz, a Supreme Court Judge in Belize; Two-Brothers conglomerate owner, Shiraz Ali; former Guyana Under-19 cricketer, Rafi Mohamed; former national karate champions, Bruce and Jan Joseph and Andel Cameron, an able-bodied national bodybuilding champion.

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― February 2, 2020

Vergenoegen, through Focus on the Village

the eyes of the wise

By Michel Outridge EVENTY-FOUR-year-old said Venus Wright has lived all her life in the Vergenoegen at the Side Line Dam and today she is still very active and assists in the kitchen of a snackette making various dishes daily. “This place is nice, quiet and I am not saying this because it is my village but it so nice that people who come here never want to leave,” she said. Wright makes egg balls, potato balls, pholourie, fish balls, fried chicken and fried fish among other things along with some home-made fruit juices which are sold at Murtheyn’s Delight Snackette at Train Station Street, Vergenoegen. “We doing alright here but we need an adult education centre where the young people, who are unemployed can benefit from skills training where they can eventually establish their own small business to contribute to society because we have a lot of school-dropouts in this community,” she said. Wright added that in the afternoons the young men would gather at the ball field in the village and engage in sport activities but that is not enough to have them occupied in a meaningful way. As a single parent of 10 children, this elderly citizen told the Pepperpot Magazine that she struggled to bring up her children but she had help. Comparing today with the days of old, Wright related that her mother helped her a lot. The mother, too, had 10 children so Wright had many siblings who pitched in to make ends meet those days but sadly, it is different these days, Wright said. “Back then you could have gone into any yard in the village and get whatever fruits and vegetables you need but our people have changed and some are not so giving like before,” she said. She stated that she used to get some social assistance in terms of finance and that helped to provide for her children but she keeps saying now is not like ‘long ago’. Even at the ripe age of 74 years old, Wright said she is not like the young people of today, who sit all day doing nothing but she goes to church and does some janitorial work to keep busy apart from her kitchen duties. “I don’t sit down, I do a lot of work, to be active because I don’t want to get sick and I don’t have any disease. The doctor said I have diabetes but I am not claiming it, if I feel dizzy I know what to do, go and rest a bit then I am good as new again,” she said. Wright added that “Veggae” is a nice place to be because many families built the community to what it is today and

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Judy Winter

they have the “Blacka” where everybody goes swimming. Meanwhile, the Pepperpot Magazine had a chat with 72-year-old Judy Winter better known as “Aunty Judy”. Although she was not feeling too well, she took some time to highlight a few things which she said will enhance the community. “I am in good health but I suffer from insomnia which causes me to stay awake all night so during the day I try to shut my eyes a bit because I does feel really tired,” she said. Winter related that she has never worked a day in her life and was a housewife who has done her share of raising eight children. “I didn’t toil in the fields but I did a lot to bring my children up right because back then we instilled morals and discipline in our children and I ensured they had a good life and that’s a lot of work to raise children,” she said. Winter added that the village needs a recreational hall where villagers can go and pay a fee to use the place for events because some people don’t have large land space to accommodate a large gathering and the money garnered from the hall can be used the develop the village. She reported that the name Vergenoegen came from the maters during slavery, that master had two dogs, one was named “Vergie” as such, the name derived. She was told this story as a child while growing up. Winter added that the village has a lot of history. She could have recited some but was feeling very sleepy and opted out but noted that as a child she picked up a few Dutch bottles that were found in almost every yard. “I gave them away to people, mostly relatives, who had migrated so I don’t have any now,” she said.

Venus Wright at the snackette where she cooks (Carl Croker photos)

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― February 2, 2020

Focus on the Village

Friendly faces in

Sanichara and his cart in the community

the village

By Michel Outridge

ANESH Sanichara, called “Deo”, is a manual push-cart vendor, who was walking selling fruits and vegetables when the Pepperpot Magazine caught up with him. He is from Ruby, East Bank Essequibo, a few villages away from Vergenoegen and would walk and sell in the community every day before returning home. Sanichara’s journey on foot would start from Farm Village to Vergenoegen where he would go street by street to ensure nothing is left on his hands. “Right now is the dry season and greens are expensive so buying it at the cost price is not a good idea because you will not benefit from a profit. People don’t want to pay the price, saying it too costly but I would give in because it is perishable and everybody got to live,” he explained. The 52-year-old related that he used to work tirelessly on farms with people and as he got down in age he decided to work alone and made a wooden push cart. He intends to soon attach a

bicycle to the cart so that he will be able to ride instead of walk because the walking is very taxing on his health. “Walking in the sun every day isn’t easy because I am exposed to the elements and some days I get home I can’t even eat. I am so tired and blistered from the heat and sunshine, but it is a job,” he said. The father of seven added that today, he feels better having his own small business because he doesn’t have to work with people and although it is hard work, he doesn’t mind at all. He developed his small business about three years ago and is at peace with life. The ‘ole-time’ Chinese Shop The Pepperpot Magazine met Shirley Chung, a mild-mannered woman, who was relaxing in her hammock, which is in her shop at Old Road, Vergenoegen. The mother of four said she has lived all her life in the community and even got married in the same village, which is not quite a bother to her and life is alright. The 60-year-old was waiting on customers and at the same

Carmen Skeete

Shirley Chung

time, chatting with a villager, who was having a cold beverage to beat the heat. It was a very hot day indeed. “Nowadays, it is just me and my husband, the children are grown and have moved out and we have this shop. It was an ‘old-time’ Chinese Restaurant, which my husband inherited form his parents and we have tried to preserve the building,” she said. Chung stated that they are selling groceries and beverages and the shop serves as a meeting spot for mainly the elders in the village. The “Blacka” The team also met Carmen Skeete, a pleasant woman, who was also relaxing in her hammock under her house. The house is the last structure on the dam leading to the “Blacka’ (the conservancy canal). She has been at the location for the past 20 years and is originally from Bartica and is residing with her spouse and a son. Skeete said life in the village is peaceful and good except when it rains, there is flooding and is looking at ways to build-up her yard.

Beating the heat: Taking a cool dip in the “Blacka”

Manual push-cart vendor, Ganesh Sanichara called “Deo” (Carl Croker photos)

Carmen Skeete’s home

Shirley Chung’s shop

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A little kindness goes a long way Lessons learned in life

Focus on the Village

The Old Rice Mill

By Michel Outridge OWE Christopher Sookram better known as “The Broad Hat Man” is a resident of Vergenoegen, East Bank Essequibo and is a horse-drawn cart operator. He is a very pleasant and mannerly man, who used to be a welder/fabricator and reared a selected breed of racehorses back in the days. He explained that now that he has begun to age, he decided to do something else but is still closely attached to his hobby and love of horses. Sookram told the Pepperpot Magazine that he has been breeding racehorses for the past 32 years and at one time, he had 18 racehorses which were of a selected breed. “I don’t know about races but I know about horses and hard work. My love for horses has given me so much and I was able to build a comfortable life for me and my family,” he said. The 62-year-old explained that from rearing racehorses he managed to get a plot of land, build a house and opened a small business and his life is honest because it is based on hard work and sacrifice. “In life, you have to put God first then everything else will fall into place. You have to be honest and live a good life worthy of recognition and always do well no matter what because the rewards are bountiful,” he said. When the team met Sookram he was taking care of his horse, Sheena. The pair had just come in from working at the lumber yard on the road front because Sookram was going to a funeral of a villager to pay his last respects and was taking Sheena to graze after feeding her. The father of four added that he has a small drug store where he sells over the counter drugs and groceries which is managed by his family. Being well-known in the village and its environs, Sookram said it takes nothing out of you to be kind to people and people need to help out each other to make life worth living. He stated that the people of the village don’t only talk about love but they show it and they have everything in that community and given the village name translates to ‘contentment’, they are very satisfied as is. Sookram noted that the people of the village are very nice and they live in peace and unity regardless of race and even when it is elections season it has no impact on their lives because they know who they are. “In the country, there is no such thing as race or Black or Indian because we are all one people and that’s how it should be and we should not let people change our perspective, no matter what, we are always one people, we a r e proud Guyanese,” he said. Sookram pointed out that the people of “Veggae” respect each other, as such, there is peace and unity among its people.

Sookram taking Sheena to graze (Carl Croker photos)

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A community of family and love By Michel Outridge N Vergenoegen, East Bank Essequibo, the name Shiraz Ali is synonymous with charity in the minds of many people who have spoken about the contribution of the Ali family to the community and society. Ali, a businessman, who remains in the shadows of his businesses told the Pepperpot Magazine that his intention for his home village is to construct a kitchen where children can have access to a hot meal daily and a home for the elderly. “I wish to do this at the earliest, God willing and this is part of my contribution to my village which is the best place to live in my view. Everybody is family here and we assist each other,” he said. Although Ali is the sole owner of several businesses, he chooses to remain humble and behind the scenes, allowing

his sons to manage the seven gas stations – the Two Brothers brand- he has across the country. Ali doesn’t like to be in the limelight but his contributions add up because he contributes to sports, his village and every other aspect of life which is often not mentioned. He told the Pepperpot Magazine that these days he is a rice and cattle farmer and spends a lot of time tending to the upkeep of his business. The father of six, a son of the soil, a true “Veggae” man related that he does what needs to be done to enhance the lives of others and doesn’t think twice about assisting others, which is a way of life for his family. The Pepperpot Magazine also met Community Health Worker, Mohan Jeet, who was at the Vergenoegen Health Centre. He stated that they provide primary health care services to the community and offer basic services, as well. He pointed out that the biggest clinic is for chronic

diseases which include diabetes and hypertension patients and the major cases they would make a referral to the West Demerara Regional Hospital (WDRH). Jeet said they have daily out-patient services at the health centre where they open from 08:00hrs to 16:30hrs. The staffers also participate in home visits, school and riverine areas outreaches to surrounding villages and farther afield. The upper flat of the Vergenoegen Health Centre is used for HIV/AIDS testing and counselling services every Friday. Jeet said that the centre has managed to develop a good relationship with the residents of the village and they try to maintain and provide professional services free of cost. “We are here to serve the community and most of us live outside this village but it is like home for us because in the country we live differently and we see no division or race,” he said.

Mohan Jeet and other staffers

Vergenoegen Health Centre (Carl Croker photos)

Inside the health centre

Tending to rice crops

Shiraz Ali Gas Station at Vergenoegen Public Road

Focus on the Village

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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― February 2, 2020

Let’s just be good to each other and the environment! Beyond the Runway with Dr. Sonia Noel ... Inspiring lives through fashion

S THE world becoming less compassionate and caring? I am becoming concerned and I know I am not the only one. I think it is the world, but I have begun to notice it in my community more. The ‘Love Revolution’ was launched at the Pegasus Hotel a few years ago with a unique gathering of people from various races, religions,

age groups and political backgrounds, in the same space. That is an evening I will never forget for many reasons. My friend and sister Dr Linda Wallace from California was the main speaker; the objective was to raise awareness of the importance of loving yourself, loving others and loving your country. The evening ended with everyone singing Bob Marley’s ONE LOVE.

The next generation will model what is happening around them and sometimes the negative overrides the positive. Unfortunately, people seem to be less compassionate and it is displayed in some of the behaviours we are witnessing every day. Social media has become so toxic that it can easily drain your energy. People are not afraid to hurt or humiliate each other without

any remorse. I encourage people to use their social media platform for good because it comes back to you. There are many things that the world needs, but more than ever what we need is love. I love the quote by Martin Luther King Jr: “Darkness cannot drive out darkness: only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate: only love can do that.” Love promotes the securing of our future generations. The children are the future of this dear land of ours and we need to equip their minds, bodies and souls for them to contribute in a significant way to Guyana and the world. I was thinking about our upcoming 50th Republic Anniversary celebration and how I can contribute more than participation in a fashion show. I decided to make a contribution not in the traditional way and this is my idea. We will be targeting 50 schools across Guyana with an inspiring message of why we have to love and care for each other and look for the good in everyone we encounter. Also, to be kind to animals because animal cruelty most times goes unnoticed. Fifty thousand pins with our logo below will be given to students and teachers. The pins will be passed on to another person with the message and

a picture will be taken to be posted on social media with the message of love. Bookmarks will also be given to students with this message: What the world needs now is love. Love radiates from a much-centred space and an omnipresent time. Grounded in the essence of the universe as all-providing, its natural vibe is transcendent, permeating all bigotry, biases, and barriers. Its ethos is rooted in liberation and liberty and its range of emancipating elements define our textured and triumphant existence. Earth and Nature enliven its soul, in their ev-

er-evolving hues, making us earthy, natural and above all, loving! All in all, we need to be intentional about loving and caring for each other. Let’s just be good to each other and the environment! “My command is this: Love each other as I have loved you. Greater love has no one than this: to lay down one’s life for one’s friends.” This bible verse is so profound and if we can live this, our world will be a better place. I am extremely happy

with the way people are responding when I share my idea and agreed to be on board. My team is super excited, although there will be sleepless nights strategising and executing. When we feel exhausted or overwhelmed we think about the lives that can be transformed and the words of Vince Lombardi “The price of success is hard work, dedication to the job at hand, and the determination that whether we win or lose, we have applied the best of ourselves to the task at hand.” We will be also meeting with community groups as we travel across Guyana, because i t

takes all of us to join forces for this to be effective. Maybe you would like to sponsor some pins or contribute in some other way to this meaningful project. Let’s ask ourselves what it is that we all can contribute to humanity. You can join our FB page and post some encouraging words or videos about love. We are encouraging anyone who would like to partner with us, email loverevolutiongy@gmail.com as we continue to celebrate this beautiful journey called life BEYOND THE RUNWAY.

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― February 2, 2020

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

RECEIVED an email from a teenager asking me to explain what Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are. I will answer because STDs are highly correlated with mental health issues, especially in youth. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are diseases which are spread by sexual activity and intercourse. These can include HIV, chlamydia, genital herpes, genital warts, gonorrhoea, some forms of hepatitis, syphilis, and trichomoniasis. Some STDs can also be spread through the use of unsterilised drug needles, from mother to infant during childbirth or breastfeeding, and blood transfusions. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are more than 1 million new STDs acquired each day globally and those between the ages of 15 and 24 years acquire half of all new STDs You can contract an STD from vaginal, anal, or oral sex. The germs that cause STDs hide in semen, blood, vaginal secretions, and sometimes saliva. You can also be infected with certain ones such as trichomoniasis through contact with damp or moist objects such as towels, wet clothing, or toilet seats, although it is more commonly spread by sexual contact. You are at especially high risk of contracting if you are engaging with more than one sexual partner, you don’t use protection such as condoms or you share needles if and when using drugs Most STDs have similar signs and symptoms, some have none at all. However, the most common signs include sores or bumps on the genitals or in the oral or rectal area, painful or burning urination, vaginal or penial discharge, unusual bleeding, pain during sexual intercourse, abdominal pain, fever or rashes Signs and symptoms may appear a few days after exposure, or it may take years before you have any noticeable problems, depending on the organism. However, if you have any of these signs, you should see a doctor immediately as having an STD may weaken the immune system, leaving you more vulnerable to other infections. I’m going to talk about the most common STDs around as by learning more about them, you can learn ways to protect yourself.

Chlamydia Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STD caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis). This bacterium infects only humans and is the most common infectious cause of genital and eye diseases globally. Women with chlamydia do not usually show any symptoms. If they do, these may include bladder infection, vaginal discharge and lower abdominal pain. If someone does not seek treatment for chlamydia, it may lead to painful sexual intercourse, bleeding between periods and pelvic pain. Crabs or pubic lice Pubic lice manifestations are primarily spread through sexual contact. Pets do not play any part in the transmission of human lice. The lice attach to the pubic hair, and may also be sometimes found in the armpits, moustache, beard, eyelashes, and eyebrows. The common term “crabs” comes from the crab-like appearance of the lice, to which they feed on human blood. Genital herpes This STD is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). The virus affects the skin, cervix, genitals, and some other parts of the body. There are two types: HSV-1, also known as herpes type 1 and HSV-2, also known as herpes type 2. A significant number of individuals with herpes never show symptoms and do not know about their herpes status. However, it is an easily transmissible, chronic condition. Typically, red blisters may occur on the external genital area, rectum, thighs, and buttocks. These can be painful, especially if they burst and leave ulcers. This is a treatable but not curable STD. Gonorrhoea This sexually transmitted bacterial infection usually attacks the mucous membranes. It is also known as the clap or the drip. The disease is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The bacteria can survive in the vagina, penis, mouth, rectum, and even the eye.The highly contagious bacterium stays in the warmer and moister cavities of the body. The majority of women with gonorrhoea show no signs or symptoms. If left untreated, females may develop pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Males may develop inflammation of the prostate gland

or urethra. As soon as a person contracts gonorrhoea, they risk spreading the bacteria to other parts of the body. An individual may accidentally rub their eye and spread the infection. A woman who is pregnant can pass the infection on to the infant during childbirth. Trichomoniasis Trichomoniasis is a common STD and while it affects both sexes, women are more likely to experience symptoms. The infection is caused by a single-celled protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis. For women, the vagina is the most common site of infection, while for men it is the urethra. Transmission may occur either by sexual intercourse or vulva-to-vulva contact. While women may acquire the infection from either male or female sexual partners, men nearly always become infected from having sex with women. Those with trichomoniasis are more likely to acquire HIV once exposed to the virus. HIV and AIDS Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the immune system, leaving its host much more vulnerable to infections and diseases. If the virus is left untreated, the susceptibility to infection worsens. HIV can be found in semen, blood, breast milk, and vaginal and rectal fluids. HIV can be transmitted through blood-toblood contact, sexual contact, breastfeeding, childbirth, the sharing of equipment to inject drugs, such as needles and syringes, and, in rare instances, blood transfusions. With treatment, the amount of the virus present within the body can be reduced to an undetectable level. This means the amount of HIV within the blood is at such low levels that it cannot be detected in blood tests. It also means that HIV cannot be transmitted to other people. A person with undetectable HIV must continue to take his/her treatment as normal, as the virus is being managed, not cured. If HIV progresses without treatment and reaches stage three, known as AIDS, it can be fatal. However, modern medicine means that HIV need not reduce life expectancy. Human papillomavirus (HPV) Human papillomavirus is a name for a group of viruses that affect the skin and mucous

membranes, such as the throat, cervix, anus, and mouth. There are over 100 types of HPV, of which, about 40 can affect the genital areas. These types may also transmit to the mouth and throat. HPV is most commonly transmitted through vaginal or anal sex, oral sex, and genital-to-genital contact. People with an HPV virus but no signs and symptoms can still infect others. HPV infection can lead to genital warts as well as abnormal cell growth and alteration within the cervix, significantly

increasing the risk of cervical cancer. Prevention of all STDs can be done through the use of condoms, having one sexual partner, abstinence (no sexual activity at all) and some vaccinations. If you want to test for an STD, these are usually done through blood tests or urine samples. Treatment usually calls for antibiotics or antiviral drugs. Without treatment, STDs can lead to serious health problems. But the good news is that getting tested is no big

deal, and most STDs are easy to treat. If tests show that you have an STI, your sex partners, including your current partners and any other partners you’ve had over the last three months to one year, should be informed so that they can get tested and potentially treated. Thank you for reading. Please send any topics you would like to discuss to caitlinvieira@gmail.com If you would like to make an appointment with me, please message or WhatsApp 623-0433.

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― February 2, 2020

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The Tobacco Control Council Embarks Upon Its 2020 Programme

HE theme of educating the population against the dangers of tobacco is one to which consumer advocates always return, since it is among the greatest causes of death and debilitation in modern society. The Guyana Consumers Association (GCA), PAHO/WHO and the Ministry of Public Health under former Minister Dr Leslie Ramsammy, who was himself one of the most committed crusaders against tobacco, first began the uphill struggle against it. It was in those early years that the present legislation to control tobacco use was formulated, as well as when the graphic warnings were adopted. In this process, there was much interchange among Caribbean countries. When the Tobacco Control Council laid out its plans for 2020, the Guyana Con-

sumers Association committed itself to lend its support to help the council achieve a successful year. At this point, we would reiterate some facts relating to the dangers of tobacco use. Tobacco use, according to WHO statistics, causes more than six million preventable deaths each year and the majority of these occur in low and middle-income countries such as Guyana. In the developed countries, tobacco use is falling away but in the developing countries, it is growing, especially among the youth. Tobacco is responsible for the onset of a number of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). These include several types of cancer - lung cancer, cancer of the throat and mouth, and cancers of the kidney, bladder, stomach and uterine cervix. Tobacco increases the risk of heart disease and stroke as well as hyper-

tension. an indefactor for Diabetsmoke earlier and the condition is ex-

Smoking is pendent risk diabetes. ics who die much

ace r bated with amputation and prob-

lems associated with vision. Smoking causes emphysema, bronchitis, pneumonia, erectile dysfunction in men and miscarriages in women. Second-hand smoking, that is, others who are

non-smokers inhaling the smoke emitted from

smokers, is equally dangerous to health. The negative economic effects of smoking are well known. It debilitates large sections of the workforce

whose productivity falls and it places added financial burdens on the state, with the cost of hospitalisation for sufferers from tobacco use. Families also suffer when the breadwinner becomes ill from tobacco use or may prematurely die, thereby imposing unnecessary financial and emotional stress on wives, children and other dependants. Over 57 per cent of Guyanese suffer from non-communicable diseases of one type or another and many of these diseases could be traced back to tobacco use. Seventy per cent of the deaths in Guyana are caused by heart disease, cancers, hypertension, lung diseases and diabetes and these diseases are either caused or exacerbated by tobacco use. For its 2020 agenda, the National Tobacco Control Council (NTCC) has committed itself to enforce the Tobacco Act. There are many facets to the Act, but we will underscore a few of their initiatives: it will protect non-smokers, especially children, from second-hand smoke by instituting a ban

on smoking in all public places such as parks, public transport or public rooms in offices or waiting rooms. Another important activity of the NTCC is in respect of the tobacco industry where it will ensure the industry complies with the regulations, especially in the promotion and sale of its product and in packaging relating to the pictorial warnings, In addition to the general public, the NTCC expects to devote a great deal of its time to educating and informing stakeholders. There will be workshops for media personnel, governmental and inspectorate agencies and others who may be involved in helping to execute the tobacco legislation. As important as enforcement of the Act, is the effort to have smokers voluntarily give up the habit or addiction. Various “Quit Smoking Guides” are available from various countries, but to be successful, there must be a personal involvement with smokers who would wish to quit. Helplines should also be established.

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Creating communitie VIII

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HE Government of Guyana is committed to providing the good life for all Guyanese. A key part of that good life is securing a clean and safe place to live, equipped with potable water, electricity, and thriving community grounds. In this edition of Government in Action, we hear from some of Guyana’s newest homeowners, former informal residents of 17 Broad and Lombard streets. Thanks to the efforts of the Ministry of Communities through the Department of Housing, and Food for the Poor (Guyana) Incorporated, during Phase I of the Broad and Lombard Streets Relocation and Resettlement Project, Guyana’s newest homeowners are now settling in the Prospect Housing Scheme, East Bank Demerara.

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[They] will have more [claim] to it than me because, as I told Government, the present Government, for making this project them, today or tomorrow, if anything happens to me, it’s their and this dream of mine a success. It’s a dream come true. As I own. said, words can’t explain and I’m very thankful for [receiving] Ms. Thorne: I feel good. This is one of the things that I my own home… Have patience. Have faith. The Government really wanted when I was living back in Broad and Lombard is going to do what they’re going to do, as they promised. They because I like quietness and this is a thumbs up. I like seeing promised us, they fulfilled it and it has come true. So, the same my children run and play. We didn’t [have] that space there. is going to happen to them. The space [was] very small and [there were] plenty children, Ms. Thorne: I would just like to tell them to bare up and so there [was] always fighting. So, most times you have to keep have some patience. It’s worth it. It’s free! It’s worth it. your children inside and children don’t like to be confined]. So, Ms. Salmon: The wait was well worth it and I’m happy. And this is really nice. there are 31 that [are left] in Broad Street. The time will come Ms. Salmon: I feel so happy. I have two smaller children too. for them… this same year. And they will be happy just like me. So, they have better facilities than where I was living before. I’m so happy about that… This neighbourhood is safer and BUILDING COMMUNITIES GUYANA’S NEWEST HOMEOWNERS quieter and the atmosphere is good. Over the past four years, the Ministry of Communities The homeowners share their views on this life changing The homeowners expressed gratitude to the Government of through the Department of Housing has tackled over 200 experience. Guyana for helping them fulfil one of their dreams. They also projects per year. Holding firm to the belief that housing is a Ms. Marissa Aldie, homeowner: Today is the opening of offered encouraging words for those still waiting to relocate. fundamental right for all Guyanese, Director of Projects, Mr. Mr. Omar Prospect Housing Scheme and [I] received my keys and it’s my Ms. Brammer: I would just like to say thanks to the Govern- Omar Narine spoke about the Department’s 10-year plan toNa Depa dream [that] I’ve always been waiting for. So, I finally got it… ment and everyone that was on board. I know the Government provide house lots, house units, and commercial development I’m very much thankful to the Almighty for achieving this and will keep up the good work. And I’m hoping [for] the best for throughout Guyana. words can’t explain right now, how happy I am. the [families left behind] at 17 Broad and Lombard [that] they “Basically, the Projects Department is responsible for the Ms. Onessa Thorne, homeowner: I’m really happy and will come through [safely] in [Phase II]. implementation and execution of all building and construcoverjoyed. This is a dream come true. Everybody wants to own Ms. Sheo: I would like forMr. ev-Omar Narine, Director of Projects, tion development works executed by the [Department of Department of Housing a home for themselves so, this is an achievement and I’m glad. eryone that was involved in Housing] … We have a fleet of engineers and techMs. Deslyn Sheo, homeowner: I’m very blessed and I’ve this project to continnicians to execute the projects to ensure that Mr. Omar Narine, Director of Projects, waited very long for this opportunity and I’m thankful to every- ue to do it [so] that we get value for money. That is our main Department of Housing one that was involved… I will [be] able to have a roof over my others [who are] objective in this Department… We are BEFORE: A section of housing at head that is mine, that I can call mine. I have my own land that in need… will currently generating a 10-year plan 17 Broad and Lombard streets. 50,00o house lots I could do some gardening, kitchen gardening. I always wanted get the same to develop… (Courtesy of the Government to do [that]. In time… [I’ll] extend. opportuni[over] 10 years. So, we’ve comInformation Agency) Ms. Deon Brammer, homeowner: The best part of having ty that I pleted that 10-year plan; we’ve your own place is that you can do whatever you feel like on your have. submitted it to the Ministry of own land. If you wanted to build [another storey], if youBEFORE: want to A section M s . of housing at Communities… We’re going BroadAand streets. build it out [wider], you can do that. And there is nobody 17 to say, l d iLombard e: to submit that plan to the (Courtesy Mr. Phillip Chase receives the keys ‘well you can’t do this… on my house. Remember, you have to F iofr the s t Government Ministry of Finance. So, theyAl Ms. Marissa Agency) BEFORE: section of housing to his new home (Courtesy of the pay rent. You have to get [permission] from me firstAbefore youInformation o f a l l ,at are going to know our yearly of veranda Broad LombardI streets. AFTER: A row of brand-new Department of Public Information) do anything’. Nobody can come, knock at17my door and and say… would requirement for finances to (Courtesy of the Government homes at the Prospect a month’s rent [is] late or a week[’s] rent [is] late. like to rollHousing out this plan so that we can Mr. Phillip Chase receives the keys Agency) Schememake housing units and house Ms. Tessa Salmon, homeowner: Today, I’mInformation overjoyed for thank the to his new home (Courtesy of the the opening of the homes. Thanks to the President, [the Departlots available in an efficient and of Public Information) Ms. Department Marissa Aldie waves from the ment of Housing], and Food for the Poor… [for] giving effective manner,” Mr. veranda of her new home AFTER: A row of brand-new me a start and an opportunity for a good life and Narine said. homes at the Prospect Housing I’m so happy. In addiMs. Marissa Aldie waves from the Scheme The new homeowners were also tion to veranda of her new home AFTER: A row of brand-new happy to live in a safe, quiet, space t h e homes at the Prospect Housing with their children. Many of them, Scheme the homeowners said, are excited The new Prospect homeowners to have access to green spaces show off their new house keys and a play park. Ms. Aldie: Oh, they will be much grateful, happy because… from the time we The new Prospect homeowners started, they were already show off their new house keys anxious and excited to come in here. The new Prospect homeowners Ms. Sheo: They will feel show off their new house keys very great to have a different environment that would be very healthy and clean and [have] a playground for them to play in. It will be very great for them. Ms. Brammer: My plan is all about my kids, my two sons that will be living with me.

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es, housing Guyanese VIII

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establishment of 50,000 house lots, the 10-year plan also in- proach that we take with these new Developments,” he said. ing lives and when we give our word, we live up to it,” the cludes the development of hundreds of kilometres of roads, Mr. Narine admitted that seeing the Department’s projects CEO said. and the construction of 10,000 housing units, for which the turn into inhabited communities is very rewarding. Minister within the Ministry of Communities with reDepartment boasts a 77 per cent satisfaction rate. Among the “It makes you so emotional that you just have to turn away sponsibility for Housing explained that President’s David Department’s most impactful projects is the Sustainable Hous- sometimes… or you might break down. To be a part of the Granger’s vision for Guyana’s housing rests on four pillars that ing for the Hinterland Programme. It is expected that by June system where you have to play a pivotal role to change those will advance the housing needs for all Guyanese: 2020, over 400 housing units would have been constructed in persons’ lives… So, it’s… very emotional for me… When they Reorientation, Resources, ReguBarima-Waini (Region One); Cuyuni-Mazaruni (Region Seven), were handing over the keys, I had to step back from the crowd. larisation, and Regionaliand Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo (Region Nine). I [could only] try to maintain my composure,” he said. sation. “The most impactful projects are always when you deliver “His housing units to the Guyanese populace and over the last 3-4 THE PILLARS OF HOUSING ExcelVIII CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ―l eFebraur years, we have built 500 housing units: 400 square foot units for Informal settlements have been established throughout nthe low-income… 600 square foot units for moderate-income Guyana, some for many years. This, of course, is not ideal cy… families, 900 square foot and 1100 square foot for the middle-in- as informal settlements often lack electrical and sanitation Dacome families. We have built 80 duplexes for the first time in facilities. Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Department vid the history of the [Department]. That was a very high point for of Housing, Mr. Lelon Saul who is eager to see all Guyanese us… We have managed to build several housing units as far settled in wholesome communities, said that the Department as Onderneeming on the West Bank, Bath on the West Coast, of Housing is committed to addressing the housing needs of Berbice, Perseverance, and as far as Amelia’s Ward… We’ve all citizens. never ventured out to [such] different areas simultaneously to “With these families relocating here at Prospect, they have build housing units,” he said. a chance to improve their livelihoods as they are now integrated The Department has also spent the last four years upgrading into a wholesome community… Our objective is to create safe some of Guyana’s oldest housing schemes, adding recreational and wholesome communities. We don’t want to see people livMr. Omar Narine, Director of Projects, facilities to help foster unity, community development, coning in squalor. We don’t want people Department of Housing structing walkways and roads lined with street lamps to be living in shanties… We GrangMr. Omar Narine, Director of Projects, to improve safety. Mr. Narine also explained will address the con- e r has comDepartment of Housing the importance of blending commercial cerns [and] housing m i t ted that his and residential planning. This, he said, needs of every Government’s policy stimulates the economy. G u y a n e s e . is to abolish… homeless“A lot of our Guyanese stakeA n d [ t h e ness. His desire is to see every Guyholder agencies are not aware P r o s p e c t anese having a roof over their heads… Reorientation refers that we hold the portfolio for Housing to giving priority to the housing needs of the most vulnerable: planning. All planning permisD e v e l - low-income public servants desirous of becoming first time BEFORE: A section of housing sion, building permission has opmentat home owners… Resources emphasis holistic community de17 Broad and LombardProject] streets. velopment and will go beyond the provision of house lots and to be approved and planned BEFORE: A section of housing at (Courtesy of the Government by the [Department.] We try to i s t e s - having housing units,” Minister said. Mr. the Phillip Chase receives the keys 17 Broad and Lombard streets. Information Agency) mix our housing(Courtesy to incorporate t a m e n t to his new home (Courtesy of the of the Government Mr. Phillip Chase receives the keys commercial and industrial ac- Agency) of what MINISTER FERGUSON DEFINED Department of Public Information) Information to his new home (Courtesy of the tivities so that we get economic we can THE FINAL TWO PILLARS Department of Public Information) activities within the area so that do. We are “Regularisation: there are three types of undesirable people can get jobs… That transform- housing… shanties, slums, and squatter Marissa Aldie waves from the settlements. These Mr. Omar Narine, Directormust ofMs. Projects, is the plan[end]. [Informal settlers] who reside on reserves needs veranda of her new home Department of Housing AFTER: A row of brand-new Ms. Marissa Aldie waves from the ning apto be relocated and resettled and affected persons must homes at the Prospect Housing veranda of her new home be provided with the option of accruing government AFTER: A row of brand-new Scheme housing. Our children must grow up in commuhomes at the Prospect Housing nities. Every child, every family should have Scheme a roof over their head… Regionalisation: Government’s new housing programme [aims] to create greater equality, that is, equality of access across Guyana so that the people living east of the EsseBEFORE: A section of housing at quibo will enjoy similar conditions to 17 Broad and Lombard streets. those living west of the Essequibo,” The new Prospect homeowners (Courtesy of the Government Mr. Phillip Chase receives the keys she said. show off their new house keys Information Agency) The new Prospect homeowners to his new home (Courtesy of the The Government of Guyana and show off their new house keys Department of Public Information) the Department of Housing is not just in the business of building houses for a person or a family to live. The Government is creating communities Ms. Marissa Aldie waves from the that will foster family life and developveranda of her new home AFTER: A row of brand-new ment. All of Guyana’s children deserve to homes at the Prospect Housing grow up with a roof over their heads, green Scheme spaces in which they can play, and property they can inherit and pass down to the next generation.

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― February 2, 2020

Avocados Part III A

s NAREI in Focus continues to look at avocados, this week readers will be informed of DISEASE MANAGEMENT. Three main fungal diseases affect avocado: • Avocado root rot (Phytophthora spp.)

• Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes) • Scab (Elsinoe perseae) 1. Avocado Root Rot (Phytophthora spp.): Symptoms: Leaves are smaller, pale, wilted, and fall giving the tree a sparse appearance. This is accompanied by dieback of twigs and branches,

fruit drop or small fruits, and defoliation. Watering too often or with excess amounts increases avocado root rot. Control: The best method of control for this disease is its prevention in the first place. This is done by the use of disease-free planting material, use of sterile tools in grafting, effi-

cient drainage and irrigation, and use of resistant rootstocks. The disease may be treated with a soil drench of Metalaxyl (Ridomil) at the rate of around 0.15g/ml. The measurement here refers to the canopy of the tree. 1. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloespoiroides) * This disease affects immature fruits and shows up when fruits ripen as small, brown, sunken lesions, which soften 7-15 days after harvest. This leads to fruit deterioration. Control: This may be achieved by the routine spraying of a Copper Fungicide such

as Kocide from the onset of flowering to fruiting at a rate of about 5 ozs. (140g) in 1 gallon (4.5 L). The fruits may also be dipped in a fungicide solution, e.g. benomyl mixed at 1/2 oz/0.8 gallons (1 5g/4L) water. This treatment prevents the disease from showing up on the fruits.

1. Scab (Elsinoe perseae) Symptoms: Raised cream coloured to pale brown/orange warts are seen on the fruit and leaf surface. Control: Pruning to increase air-flow within the canopy of the tree may be done to reduce the incidence of this disease.

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― February 2, 2020

XXI

Laws, social customs & appearance of justice must not confuse, shock and confound; there must be clarity

ALWAYS thought and had the impression that self-defence was permitted legally and not punished with the same weight as the aggressor; when or if it reached the presence of the legal system. I was cautioned by elder friends in the police force as a young man that if you have an altercation with someone, do not enter the yard of the person- even if that someone assaulted a relative, whose honour you were representing, or you had some other justifiable reason because your right could become wrong. Because of trespassing onto a person’s domain, you have become an aggressor. Was all this wrong, illegal advice, or misinterpretations? I question this on the basis of what transpired recently at St Agnes Primary School. The details are on social media, thus, I need not elaborate here as the case is before the court. Does the old theory of self defence on domicile turf still protect the citizen? I am aware that in a physical altercation, a fistfight (outside of the Boxing Ring) where one fighter hits the other one and he collapses and dies, charges are brought against the fighter still standing. That happened in the 70s with Garth Azore. He punched another fighter and the man died and Garth was charged. I‘m certain

a kind of’ it’s cool to be dumb’ attitude that I encountered recently at a school where I had a public engagement at. There was, or is, a female Sergeant at Alberttown Station that I had a discussion with some years ago about the making casual and indifference of symbolic social incidents from the desk at the police station to the interpretations of the courts that should be managed towards serving and solving dual purposes. If the related sensibilities are active in those institutions, in relation to cultural customs, because of the potential for continued escalation, it can be intercepted. Human beings, whether teachers, parents, personnel or Court luminaries are flawed, some are even damaged. Customs and age-old cultural creeds helped to sustain the damage. One cannot help as a child but to hear close adult females whispering and males condemning the conclusions of the whisperings, about molestations and illicit encounters and spoiled brat unprincipled behaviour that went unchecked, damaging both perpetrator and victim, allowed under the creed of “Yuh don’t hang yuh clothes pon lantern post”. Or a child that likes to hurt, mutilate and prey on animals and smaller children, that “He/she gon change, they gon grow out of it ”. They don’t. Well, the age of the ‘Lantern’ post is gone, but its human

Simple, an adopted ‘social habit’ was applied. Another legal mystery is the sentencing of a man (deported from Canada) who walked into a bank as an ISIS operative in 2016 demanding money, with a fake bomb threat, and from all the elements of the case seemed more a recipient of psychiatric treatment than the prisons. The laws in some African countries take into consideration Tribal, Islamic and British laws. They emerged from colonisation this way and we should at least cover, cultural, patriarchal and matriarchal considerations and awareness in the execution of our laws. Two young men were sentenced to prison for 23 years in 2018 and16 years in 2013 because they murdered other males who had sodomised them. Culturally in Matriarchal culture, this is what was expected of them. It is a cultural antidote against a life shrouded in shame, that only that extreme action could cleanse. It was not the first time these killings occurred. I wrote about one I witnessed at Barr and James Streets in the 70s, and I know of others. These are not actions that are mourned or celebrated; it’s just how it is. Our legal system cannot function as an alien entity. I must return, in closing, to the subject of our

he walked. There was another case where an aggressor was hit and he collapsed and was hospitalised. He had a heart problem but was always a threatening, cantankerous character. The person who hit him had to go to the station every day for seven days before he was relieved of the potential burden of being charged for manslaughter. Outside of those and others of the same scenario the incident at the school is special. What has to be taken into account is the existing custom of abandoning the legal system in preference for ‘honour vendetta measures’. I have had to coerce and physically force especially males under my guidance to use the neighbourhood police station, against the popular back then 2004-12 mantra of “Yuh got fuh deal wid dese banna”. But back then, there was a complete collapse of social order, and guns were easy to buy. Especially those with crimes attached, that perpetrators were eager to get rid of to eager wannabies. That period of intense badness and its habits are still in place, they have not vanished, only submerged. It still lingers and is fuelled by the presence of element such as narco pills, ecstasy and molly infiltrating the schools and

damage is now added to the new afflictions of this age, we haven’t recomposed our management, so it’s becoming pervasive and the lantern post is now social media, ‘in yuh face.’ The defective personality is now the parent, so what do we expect in the nurturing process? In defiance of stereotyping, we should conclude that latent propensities can manifest. I am aware that persons in the Ministry of Education and some social workers have tabulated from as early as 2008-11 or before, several developments of negative social impact on children. The hands-on response of the police has changed, but it has to adjust to where we are, for example, allowances extended to Deryck Kanhai- a businessman whose ilk for ‘reasons’ is rumoured to provide financial allowances to the police. Procedures backfired with that new custom of practice approach (prevalent in 2013) to a ‘Big Man’ and two policemen died, not with because of the procedure and appropriate gear. In this case, they should have followed customary negotiating principles, why did they fail to recognise that they were dealing with a deranged and dangerous person?

schools. During my daughter’s closing years at secondary school, she was with a classmate who got into an argument with a male student which resulted in him becoming the aggressor towards them. My daughter’s friend retaliated and subdued him; the matter went to the welfare teacher who told them that in the face of male aggression, they should have clambered up. I went to the school. I have always taught my children-male and female-that in a physical confrontation it is better to fight because you would get fewer blows rather than stand as a punching bag, hoping for an aggressor’s mercy. The then competent Headmistress intercepted. I never saw this misguided welfare teacher who was instructing young women to be trained to accept male verbal and physical assaults. Because if they defend themselves they would be charged and placed before the courts as number two accused whether you are defending yourself, in your home or workplace. That latter legal interpretation has frightening implications.

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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― February 2, 2020

Digital

IGITAL art is the process of using digital technology to create art. It goes beyond the confines of traditional art. The Digital age (also known as the information age) emerged between 1950 and 1970. Evidence of digital art (formerly known as computer art), emerged in the 1960s with works of German artist Frieder Nake, and American artist Michael Noll. Both men are pioneers of computer art. Frieder Nake created a computer algorithm that enabled the machine to draw a series of shapes to make artwork. An algorithm,

er graphics. I was first exposed to digital art a few years ago when a company called Toon Boom Animation Incorporated, through Brainstreet, offered training in animation. Classes were held at Brainstreet group in Albert Street, Queenstown. Coming from a traditional art training where even graphic design was done by hand, I was very much impressed by the idea of using a computer to draw. The experience was unlike any other. We worked on touch screen computers, using digital pens to draw. The software we used was called Toon Boom Harmony. We

Frieder Nake, 13/9/65, plotter drawing, ink on paper. Photo retrieved from dam.org/artists/phase-one/frieder-nake/artworks

by the way, is a programmed list of instructions that tells a computer what to do. The resulting computer-generated drawings were some of the earliest examples of art done on a computer. Dr Noll was a pioneer in many aspects of the field. His renowned computer-generated ballet was also created in the early 1960s and was the first such use of computers. His study comparing the aesthetic response to a computer-generated pattern versus a painting by Mondrian has become a classic. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, he constructed interactive three-dimensional input devices and displays and a three-dimensional, tactile, force-feedback (“feelie”) device that were the forerunners of today’s virtual-reality systems. He also was one of the first researchers to demonstrate the potential of scanned displays for comput-

were learning character design and construction, squash and stretch, anticipation, drag and overlapping action and more. After several weeks in the class, I realised that animation was not my gift and I dropped out of the class. The entire experience was eye-opening, and as an artist, I felt a greater appreciation for those who work in animation. They truly have a unique gift. Digital art is used mainly for advertising and form for visual effects in films. Digital Art comes in many forms. Most often it’s either solely computer-generated, drawn using various types of software, or digital paintings sourced from photos. Let’s compare traditional art with digital art. Traditional art such as oil painting has been around for centuries. It involves a long process of sketching the subject on canvas, mixing paint for colour, picking up the paintbrush to paint and pa-

tiently waiting for your work to dry. However, with Digital Art, much time is saved. Shading techniques are easily executed. Hatching lines applied at various angles can be applied by

the computer to create texture and contrast. When digital art was introduced in the 60s, it was not recognised as an actual art form. Over time, it became an acceptable form of art.

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Art

Some of the best software for creating digital art from photos is adobe photoshop, snap art, foto sketcher and akvis sketch and akvis oil paint. Our

local digital artists include Michael Griffith and Tricia Harris. One can view their works on their Facebook and Instagram pages.

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Sustainable tourism is ... the job market opening up. Mullis supported this view by also stating, “[Tourism] drives directly, an approximate 8,500 jobs, that’s direct employment, and in terms of indirect and induced employment, it’s a total of 22,000 jobs as estimated by the world travel and tourism council.” Hon Minister of Business, Mr Haimraj Rajkumar, further disclosed that though tourism is relatively new to Guyana, with the efforts of the government and the GTA, the tourism sector has been experiencing some encouraging signals. “Interestingly, more people are becoming interested in coming here, and as alluded

FROM PAGE III ← to by the director, we received over 286,000 persons visiting us in 2018, and this represents a 15.9 per cent increase from 2017, and from January to May this year (2019), there was a 9.2 per cent increase in visitation over the corresponding period of 2018,” Minister Rajkumar disclosed.

Eco-tourism market

A young boy demonstrating to some visitors how to use the bow and arrow

Last year Guyana was awarded the number one place as the “Best Ecotourism Destination” in the world. This was a newly created category, which was only added in that year. The ceremony was hosted by the Global Travel Fair, held on March 7, 2019. It was the Sustainable Top 100 Destinations Awards fair, which was held in Berlin, Germany. Meanwhile, President David Granger has iterated that

that Guyana will continue to support tourism development by improving aerodromes, bridges, ferries, highways and stellings. He said that the government is right now unlocking the country’s eco-tourism potential by improving communications in the hinterland and to the hinterland, where ecotourism product is largely located and to which access is mainly by air and river so far.

Fourth largest economic industry

Globally, tourism is the fourth largest economic industry and one of the fastest-growing. It also possesses a heavy social side to it, where there is mostly a high level of interaction, along with the exchange of goods, services and money. Studies refer to

One of the main places where the Golden Frog can be found is by the Kaieteur Falls, which is on the eastern edge of the Pakaraima Mountains. There are so many other special creatures that can be found on tour in Guyana’s hinterland

A hinterland resident lighting a fire to roast cashew nuts

such a sector must be effectively managed if the country is to reap the benefits of the tourism industry. “Guyana’s luxuriant biodiversity is the base of a potentially competitive, worldclass ecotourism industry. Our country needs a strong tourism industry, one that is more than a weekend excursion or a fishing expedition,” he stated. He noted that the time will soon come when Guyana would be “obliged to end its love affair with the six sisters: bauxite, diamonds, gold, rice, sugar and timber.” Describing them as faithful servants of the country over the years, he remarked, “International markets always change and dinosaurs, no matter how huge, must adapt or die.” President Granger stated

it as “the equilibrium of the three pillars of sustainability [that] becomes important in the principles of sustainable tourism – economics (profit), environment (planet) and social (people).” It is essentially about the movement of people from one place to another, mainly for pleasure. It can be within the country (domestic tourism) or travelling outside of a country. One way or another, people sometimes do much more than have fun. Sometimes it is also about doing their own on-the-ground feasibility studies – having a first-hand look into economic ventures that could be of economic benefit to them.

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― February 2, 2020

XXV

#SupportCreativity

By Subraj Singh

Edgar Mittelholzer’s legacy in ‘My Bones and My Flute’

IKE many people, “My Bones and My Flute” was the first work I read by the celebrated Guyanese writer, Edgar Mittelholzer. Mittelholzer’s legacy as a Guyanese writer is unmatched, particularly with regard to his development from a young man growing up in Berbice in the early 1900s into one of

readers who engage with “A Swarthy Boy,” “Corentyne Thunder,” “Shadows Move Among Them,” “Children of Kaywana,” or one of Mittelholzer’s other works and often need to recommend or highlight this author who was born over 100 years ago. There exists, also, in the fact that he lived and wrote so many years ago, the idea, the truth, that

“My Bones and My Flute,” Peepal Tree Press, 2015 (first published 1955)

the first professional writers of Caribbean descent, who was able to establish himself as a successful writer in Europe due to his talent, his determination, and the urgency with which he created his oeuvre of celebrated literary works, including over 20 novels. He had his first book published by Hogarth Press, founded by Virginia Woolf and Leonard Woolf, won a Guggenheim Fellowship, wrote several seminal works and then, tragically, in 1965, he committed suicide. Mittelholzer’s life, goals, and talents live on in his written work. Along with Sir Wilson Harris, Martin Carter, and A.J. Seymour, he is undoubtedly one of the most respected and most-read Guyanese novelists. Even today, reference to him is often made by the younger and upcoming batch of academics and

he literally created the Guyanese novel, an act so alien to modern comprehension that it only serves to cement his place in a time away from the modern, so far removed from the 21st Century that it is impossible for any of us to really know or study Mittelholzer in the way that we might know and study Carter or Harris, or Agard, Nichols, Melville, Dabydeen and Carew. This unknowability is unfortunate and yet, ultimately, in the long run, it is a part of what leads more people to Mittelholzer’s works, as his literature is one of the only authentic ways in which any reader can really get to know this particular writer. Most people often gravitate to “My Bones and My Flute” because the concept of the text has always been thrilling. The novel is a ghost story, and although Guyana

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has a wealth of supernatural tales and folklore, not enough literary work has been done in bringing forth these aspects of our culture into the mainstream. “My Bones and My Flute” might be one rare exception to this norm. Mittelholzer’s tale is of a young

man named Milton who goes into the interior of the Guyanese jungle, along with an upper-class couple, Mr. and Mrs. Nevinson, and their daughter, Jessie, in search of answers regarding an old and mysterious document that causes anyone who touches it to hear other-

worldly and ominous sounds of a flute. As the characters settle on a cottage overlooking a river in the sweltering forest, the stakes escalate and the music begins to lure Mr. Nevinson away from the safety of the house as Mrs. Nevinson is plagued by nightmares where

she is called into the forest, and Jessie becomes a vessel for horrific possession. Milton, confronted by the terror of the forest, the attacks on the Nevinsons, and the ghost of a colonial, plantation owner, among other sinister supernatural happenings, must figure

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Breaking some of the stereotypes you might have about Berbice Part II ― Being proud of the “country girl/boy” narrative

E”RE here again on yet another beautiful Sund a y . Yo u ’ r e probably just scrolling your newsfeed or flipping the pages in the papers to find something to read; or, perhaps, you read last week’s column piece, which is the first version of this piece. You’re eager to read about the continuation of this topic. Either way, you’re here, and I do hope you stay because the content of this article should be taken into serious

conversations with other Berbicians, I’d like to continue with some new stereotypes. I’d like to return to a phrase made earlier: “Ancient County.” Some might take the literal meaning of it a tad too far. “Ancient”, yes, because of the preservation of our county”s history in the form of infrastructure, system and even language. Sometimes, however, the translation of that gets lost along the way. Terms such as: “backwards,” “ignorant,” “outdated” and “country” are all very offensive and in

consideration. As mentioned last week, I am a writer from the “Ancient County” and I am here to address some misconceptions or stereotypes and make suggestive crystalline statements to the rest of Guyana. Last week, I briefly outlined and discussed a few stereotypes we face. This week, after researching and forming

this context can even be used as a synonym for “ancient.” While not being fully “upto-date” with the time can sometimes be true, I think it goes back to the lack of inclusivity. There”s a golden rule of thumb to which Berbicians unconsciously fall victim; “If it doesn”t happen in GT, it can”t happen up here.” It is at the tip of our tongues but we

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CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― February 2, 2020

Edgar Mittelholzer’s Legacy ... out a way to save them all before it is too late. The novel is eerie and there are moments of true horror and tension. For example, there is a scene in the text where one of the characters sees the ghost. From Milton’s perspective, we get a description of the character’s face and odd behaviour as they stare at the entity that cannot be described by Milton because we get the novel from Milton’s perspective and he -himself, at this point, is unable to see the ghost that this other character sees. However, the scene is extremely terrifying and is one which underscores Mittlelhol-

zer’s ability to inculcate true horror in his writing. Moments of levity also appear amid the terror, so that the novel borders on entering territory that might be regarded as almost-absurdist, which, in its own way only serves to heighten, rather than detract from, the tension within the text. The banter between Jessie and Milton, and the quips from Mrs. Nevinson, in particular, while highlighting Mittelholzer’s keen ear for voice and dialogue, also add to the sense of comedy at the centre of the horror within “My Bones and My Flute.” One thing that I found interesting in the story was

Breaking some of... FROM PAGE XXVI ←

cannot fully put it into words, how or why this is so. It’s as if we have to prove our worth of deserving the things we need and deserve--utter nonsense. Race and politics are also right now the biggest and most trending topics right now about Berbice. “Berbicians are racists.” Surely enough, there are always bad eggs in a basket, but that shouldn’t be generalised the entire county of approximately 110,000 (in East Berbice). Most of our communities are loving, family-oriented environments and as the years go by, we find a mixture of races in almost all the communities. The idea of “afro and indo” communities are slowly dying as people are comfortable to live and settle in communities of their choice, regardless of race or culture. Another point to note is that Berbice also consists of West Berbice--Rosignal to Abary. When we speak of Berbice, we often neglect those in the “West Side,” a mistake even I commonly make. Seeta Dalloo is a young lady from West Berbice. With much persuasion, she said: “Stereotypes are so widely used in our society. It has become almost a norm for some people, while others don”t even recognise that they are stereotyping or being stereotyped. As an Indian girl growing up, I have dealt with my fair share of stereotypes. I am expected to be nurturing; someone who can care for her family”s domestic needs. I am expected to be polite and accommodating. I was often frowned upon for voicing my opinion in fear of me being deemed disrespectful. Because we are so accustomed to society demanding these qualities from women, women have been socialised to fit into these stereotypes, stripped of our freedom to form our own personality and make our own demands from life. I think it”s important that we first recognise the stereotypes that surround us and use that knowledge to enlighten others who may engage in stereotyping, or may be a victim of stereotypes. Additionally, we should reach out to young girls to educate them of these stereotypes and encourage them to learn about their rights and utilise them to strive against stereotypical

beliefs.” As a woman, I can empathise with Seeta because apart from being stereotyped by where you live, it goes further into categories of race, gender and even class. Delroy Marks is a youth advocate who lives in Rose Hall Town on the Corentyne, Berbice. When asked what he thinks about the topic of breaking stereotypes on Berbice, he said: “For me, it means to change our society”s impression of Berbicians. It means to disregard the usage of labels, attachments, and taboos--where these cease to define one”s career, education, personal growth. “Many times, Berbicians are viewed as uneducated because of their geographical location. Breaking these stereotypes about Berbicians will help to create an impactful society where negativity, racism, and sexism will not stimulate.” Lastly, you often hear that our county is a “boring” one. I wouldn”t call it “boring,” but our forms of entertainment are different and unique to us. A day of fishing, swimming in a nearby creek/beach and even outdoor village parties are some ways we enjoy and express ourselves. Berbice offers something different to Guyana and the experiences tourists have in this county is like no other compared to the rest of Guyana--uniquely Berbice! Instead of looking at ways to bring new resources, entertainment, systems and human capital to better the county, utilise and build on existing ones. It”s not like we do not have any. Yes, we are different but that can be a good thing. Berbice is my home and I am proud to be a Berbician. I hope this series of articles enlighten other Berbicians to feel the same way. I also hope the rest of Guyana recognises our contributions, our stance and of course, our differences--for the better. The next time someone calls you a “country boy,” “country girl” or even utters the famous line, “country come to town,” be sure to remember this article. Educate those who may not know better and most important, stay true to who you are. Stay true to being a Berbician.

how Mittelholzer presents the supernatural. Despite being set in the Guyanese interior, the novel’s antagonist, in essence, seems to be a creature of horror that is reminiscent of something by Lovecraft or Poe, rather than something more rooted in the folklore of Guyana. I am analysing Mittelholzer’s choices from a modern perspective, where the pyramid of Guyanese horror ascends by each entity’s relation to folklore from the villages. For example, any Guyanese will tell you that a kanaima is more terrifying than a mere ghost, and an ‘ole higue’ is more horrific than a vampire. Perhaps Mittelhol-

zer’s spectres, though rooted in Guyanese history, is indicative of what he read and was inspired by, or what the people of his time fed their fears on and what was in vogue in the literature of his day, or perhaps I am misguided and Mittelholzer’s ghosts might actually have much more in common with the Guyanese jumbie or Dutchman spirits than I can establish right now. Whatever the case, there is no doubt that this novel can aid in an exploration of the concept of Guyanese horror, should anyone choose to research this area someday. Apart from being a good horror novel, “My Bones

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and My Flute” also offers Guyanese the chance to look back at a particular time in Guyanese history. The novel was published in 1955 and in the text, there are some gems to be found regarding the time in which the novel was published and the time in which it was set, in comparison to modern Guyana. For example, there is a reference to a specific song that the protagonist listens to, which a modern reader can now simply find online with a few clicks, and there is the fact that Ovaltine before bedtime seems to have been a Guyanese tradition for a very, very long

time, and there is also how Mittelholzer’s beautiful descriptions of the mood in the interior remains as accurate and beguiling as it is today in real life, or even in the way language has changed over the years and certain words that were used for common items decades ago are no longer in use now. In writing “My Bones and My Flute,” Mittelholzer not only created a compelling ghost story, but he also created a narrative that helped to preserve a time in Guyana that is long gone and difficult to reclaim, and that is a part of the author’s legacy that is also worth noting.

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0 y 2 a D d n a tl e W d 0 Worl 2

U YA N A i s known as the ‘Land of Many Waters.’ In a bird’s eye view, you will be able to see a vast network of rivers and creeks spread

throughout the country. Even so, it is not only the aesthetics of our waterways of which we can boas, but rather, the intricate link to the unique ecosystem and the diversity of life they support. To that extent, wetlands are of significant importance to the world. Wetlands can be de-

fined as a distinct ecosystem that is flooded by water, either permanently or seasonally, where oxygen-free processes prevail. This year theme selected is ‘Wetlands and Biodiversity’ as we join the world in observing World Wetlands Day on February 02, 2020, let us raise awareness about the vital role of wetlands for us and our

planet. Wetlands have been called “biological super systems” because they produce great volumes of food that support a remarkable level of biodiversity. In terms of number and variety of species supported, they are as rich as rainforests and coral reefs. Their combination of shallow water, high levels of nu-

trients, and high primary productivity is ideal for the development of organisms that form the essential base of our planet’s food web. WHAT ARE WETLANDS? Wetlands are areas of land where water covers the soil all year or just at certain times of the year. They include: * Billabongs, lakes, lagoons * Saltmarshes, mudflats * Mangroves, coral reefs * Bogs, fens, and peatlands. * Swamps, marshes Values/ Importance of Wetlands · Cleaner Waters · High Biodiversity · Less Food Damage · Cooler Planet · More Recreation · Healthy Economy Wetlands and indigenous peoples in Guyana Indigenous communities are very much dependent on the natural environment to meet their local needs. The rainforest, river, creeks and associated with wetlands have been key to the lives of indigenous people throughout the centuries. Our Indigenous brothers and sisters have strong cultural and traditional ties to the lands they occupy. More so, it has long been recognised that they have played a vital role in protecting and managing these ecosystems, way before the implementation of conventional conservation measures such as National Protected Areas Systems. Here in Guyana, the mega wetland area associated with the Rupununi, Essequibo and Rewa Rivers along with many lakes and ponds is known as the North Rupununi Wetlands. It’s amazing how during the rainy season, the usually open dry savannahs, soundly become a part of a massive flood plain. Wetlands form an import-

ant part of the livelihood of these communities; it provides, clean water, food, materials to make craft, housing material and traditional medicine. Even more striking is the fact that these communities have adapted well to these wetlands. Hence, the Ramsar Convention encourages the integration of traditional knowledge in the wise use and management of wetlands. To that extent, it has been observed that Indigenous communities, by means of traditional fishing, hunting and harvesting practices, have naturally engaged in the respectful use and protection of these wetlands. Many of these traditional practices are passed from generation to generation. Other traditional knowledge may see the transfer of information through dance or stories. Today, the challenge is to address the changing dynamics within many Indigenous communities, where other things are competing for the attention of the youths. Consequently, much of this traditional knowledge is being lost. To Reduce Pollution- * Improve drainage on your property to reduce rainwater run-off into your waterway or wetland (low impact development, rain gardens, etc.) * Landscape your yard to minimise rainwater runoff * Maintain your septic system carefully * Use indigenous plants in your landscape plan to reduce watering and fertilising needs * Use natural methods of insect and disease control to minimise the use of pesticides * Dispose of paint, oil, solvents and other toxic wastes properly * Don’t use exotic plants in fish or lily ponds near waterways- they’ll wash in and pollute.

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January 19, 2020

THOUGHT for TODAY: The King, observing with judicious eyes The state of both his universities, To Oxford sent a troop of horse, and why? That learned body wanted loyalty; To Cambridge books, as very well discerning How much that loyal body wanted learning. JOSEPH TRAPP (1679-1747) Nichols, Literary Anecdotes, vol. iii, p. 330. For the reply see W. Browne STUDY SUCCESS Dear Student,

ou must understand that in study, postponing thinking about something or doing something invariably fuels and increases anxiety. It also absorbs your emotional energy and intensifies unproductivity. You can take immediate and appropriate action to relieve the feeling of postponing your study. Let perseverance continue to be your watchword. Love you. IMPROVING YOUR WRITING FIRST: Dialogue in a Story Finally, the night was quiet except for Nita’s high-pitched sobbing. “You’ve killed my father!” Sarah crept from the hall to the living-room window to see if her husband was all right. There was the sound of crickets, then a hushed, “Open the door.” Lee rushed in from his sanctuary behind the car. Sarah threw her arms around him. “You’ve got to stop now. It’s time to let somebody else do something.” Lee held her by the shoulders and said, “That attitude is what’s wrong with West Perrine.” No arrests were made. Shortly afterward Lee told Sarah about a vision. “Can you imagine,” he said, “all the churches in the neighbourhood marching together? Can you see the churches giving up a morning to march up Homestead Avenue to let the drug pushers know we won’t take it anymore?” Sarah stood transfixed. “Would they do that?” “They’ve got to,” Lee answered. “We’re going to lose this neighbourhood unless we can get these churches together.” One March evening last year, as Lee went about his usual closing routine, a young man sat on a bicycle outside the store, his pet bulldog at his side. Lee came out to pick up trash in the parking lot. At that moment, a man wearing camouflage clothing stepped around the corner. He pulled out a semi-automatic weapon and began firing. … When it was over, the man everyone called “Mr Lee” lay in the litter-strewn parking lot. He was dead, 12 days from his 52nd birthday. SECOND: Dialogue in a Story

The eviction crew works thoroughly, relentlessly. A coffee table sails out of the house, lands in the yard and breaks a led. “Stop it,” the owner screams. “I will call the police . . . this is criminal. You must pay for this.” He struggles with the hired hands, three convict-type bullies. “You have broken my table, you . . . you . . .” “We will fix that,” the landlord says from a distance. “Soon as you pay.” “You have no right to raise the rent,” the tenant complains. “No right at all.” Dressed only in a vest and pair of ragged trousers the bank clerk looks pathetically comical. They must have caught him in bed. “You know how much tax I have to pay today?” the landlord argues. “And the price of water …. and the price of electricity …. and the cost of fuel to come here and collect? Then you talk of right, huh. The price of food?” “I also eat,” the bank clerk complains. “That is your problem,” the landlord shrugs. “Everyone else is paying the new rent,” his hands sweep round to indicate the stupefied onlookers and the double-locked doors. Something to Do 1. Read the two extracts above one more time. a) What makes each story one of interest to you, its reader? What is each author making you see about his main character? (Use adjectives to tell bout each main character in turn.) b) Which one is written in the third-person and which in the first-person? b) Why do you think each author used dialogue in his story? c) The first excerpt has some amount of dialogue, but the second is full of it. Why? Let your study partners help you here. (Think about form and purpose of writing to get at your responses.) 2. Give specific responses to the following: Look at the scene in the second story. The writer resorted to dialogue. a) What have you seen the dialogue do for the portrayal of the action? b) What is the main use of dialogue in the first excerpt? 3. a) Now seek and find different passages with use of dialogue. Keep copies of those you like in your personal log.

b) From today try to enhance your writing and make your stories more interesting, paying attention to the mood or atmosphere you want portrayed. Write a scene today where the choice of dialogue enhances the description of action. Show it to a study partner for comment. PUNCTUATION AT END OF QUOTATIONS There are no exceptions to the relevant rules pertaining to punctuation marks at end of quotations, whether for full stops and commas; colons and semi-colons; or question marks and exclamation points. (1) With full stops and commas: Always place them within the quotation marks. Examples: The cousin said, “They are his children’s toys. He can do the sharing.” “A lamb takes after its mother,” Kambi cleverly said. (2) With colons and semi-colons: Always place them outside the last or closing quotation mark. Examples: Miss Thompson said, “Note well these three chapters in “Child of the Universe”: Chapter 5, Chapter 7, and Chapter thirteen.” “The Lonely December”; Shirley took the DVD already. (3) With question marks and exclamation points: a) If the words within quotation marks make up a question or an exclamation, then the question mark or exclamation point belongs with those quoted words. Examples: “Have you taken the Oath?” “No!” b) i) If the sentence is a question and a quotation which is not a question is at the end of that sentence then the question mark appears after the closing lifted commas. Examples: a) How did you get into “Teenager’s Choice”? b) ii) The same reasoning is to be applied to the exclamation point. “They are John’s toys. Leave him alone with them.”!

CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― February 2, 2020

Cassava Pone

Ingredients ► 2 medium sweet cassava ► 1 small dried coconut ► 2 tbsp butter or margarine ► 6 oz sugar ► 1/4 tsp spice and black pepper ► 1/2 tsp essence ► 1/4 tsp salt

Instructions ■ Peel, wash, grate and mix the

cassava and coconut together. ■ Work in the butter with a fork. ■ Add the other ingredients and enough water to bind stiffly. ■ Put the mixture into a greased dripping pan, where it should be about 1 inch thick. B ake in a moderate oven until crisp and brown on top. ■ Cut into 1½ to 2 inch squares before serving.

guyanesepride.com

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