Amino-acids, a powerful tool for sustainability AADI optimisation for dairy diet Dr. Laurent THIAUCOURT
Sustainability:
an increasingly sensitive subject
4
GLOBAL WARMING UN climate experts are again alerting to the consequences of accelerating climate change on Monday, February 28, despite repeated calls for rapid reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This new IPCC report, is "a reminder that the climate crisis threatens us all"
5
The glogal companies are engaged
6
OBJECTIVOS DE DESAROLLO SOSTENIBLE
Number of mentions of the term Sustainable Development Goals on the web pages of the various Spanish institutions
The LCA Impacts categories Impact categories considered in the so-called Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) include: • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Climate change Photochemical ozone Ozone depletion Acidification Eutrophication (terrestrial) Eutrophication (aquatic) Ecotoxicity (freshwater) Ecotoxicity (terrestrial/marine) Resource depletion (water) Resource depletion (mineral, fossil) Human toxicity Particulate matter Ionizing radiation …..
8
2008 US data on average, 2.05 kg CO2e are emitted per kg milk consumed
Farm gate
9
10
GHG ÉMISSIONS
US DATA
GHG EMISSIONS Fertiliser 3%
Diet
Forages and concentrates+ distribution
30%
Fuel and electricity 5% crop fertilization 11%
Feed 11%
Effluent management 18%
EUROPE
Animal purchase 1%
Animals
enteric methane+ effluents + purchase
70%
enteric methane 51%
12
Diet Balancing Principles
Diet Balancing Principles
ELIMINATION DETOXICATION
First limiting nutrient
Aa1 Aa2 Aa3 Aa4
Aa6
Aa5 Aa1 Aa2 Aa3 Aa4 Aa6
PRODUCTION
Diet Balancing Principles ELIMINATION DETOXICATION
First limiting nutrient
Aa4
Aa1 Aa2 Aa3 Aa4 Aa5 Aa6
PRODUCTION
15
Diet Evaluation: nutritional parameters
AADI FORMULATION: Effect on sustainability
Until now
Efficiency of the animal (economy) Each stage of one lactation Nutritional factors (energy, AA, minerals…)
From now on
Efficiency of the system
Animal lifespan Environmental factors • (GW CO2 eq, CH4, Eutrophication, H2O use…) • /Cow, liters, protein…
No location
Location based
Initial diet MetDI deficiency assessment
Simple MetDI addition Academic calculation Meta Analysis valorization
Simple manual reformulation Farm Cereal and MetDI instead of Soybean meal Do change the impacts (in Europe) !
GWarm Values ranking in kg eq CO2 / kg DM
18
CO2 CT0290
Soybean meal, formaldehyde-treated
CX0140
Soybean meal (48)
CV0010
Urea
AA0101
Smartamine M
CX0040
Rape seed meal
CS0090
Wheat gluten feed, starch 25% as fed
CC0010
Barley
FE0140
Permanent grassland (lowlands), 2nd growth ,CP(201),NE (0.93)
CS0160
Corn cobs
CC0060
Corn (Maize)
FF0090
Permanent grassland (lowlands), Reg. aft. earl. graz.,CP(146),NE (0.8)
FE0150
Permanent grassland (lowlands), 2nd growth ,CP(153),NE (0.88)
FE4710
Whole plant corn, 30% DM,Normal conditions of growth,CP(69),NE (0.9)
CD0030
Alfalfa (Lucerne) 17-18% CP
FR0070
Potatoes
FP0020
Straws stovers, husks, Wheat Alone
FR0020
Fodder beet high DM
5.33 5.33 3.40 1.18 0.63 0.61 0.32 0.29 0.26 0.26 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.06 0.03
Marine eutrophication (kg N eq / kg product) 0.569 0.569
Average values 0.103 0.136 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.000
• Agribalyse for farm products • GFLI for feedstuffs
19
Feedprint
Values: Barley
Productivity Distance
20
Feedprint Values: Soybean Meal
Productivity (t DM /ha) Distance (transp mode) Allocation %
21
Feedprint Values: Rapeseed Meal
Productivity (t DM /ha) Distance (transp mode) Allocation %
CO2 eq Values for a diet
Substitution AA + Cereal / Soybean
SOS Protein INRA official trial in 5 farms (4 months winter 2018-19) Productive dairy farms 37 kg/d Experiment: -400 g/d Soybean Meal +500 g/d Barley + AADI
Substitution AA+Cereal / Soybean
SOS Protein INRA official 5 farm trials (winter 18-19)
SOS Protein INRA official trial In 5 farms (winter 2018-19)
Opt init Addition Subst. without
Whole plant corn, 30% DM, silage 12.920 12.920 Permanent grassland silage 3.130 3.130 Soybean meal 2.440 2.440 Rape seed meal 1.340 1.340 Barley 1.010 1.010 Wheat gluten feed 0.550 0.550 Permanent grassland haylage 0.540 0.540 Alfalfa 17-18% CP 0.500 0.500 Permanent grassland hay 0.380 0.380 Corn cobs 0.340 0.340 Fodder beet 0.330 0.330 Potatoes 0.330 0.330 Soybean meal, formaldehyde-treated 0.220 0.220 Straw 0.100 0.100 Corn 0.090 0.090 Urea 0.030 0.030 Smartamine M 0.000 0.016 Limestone 0.000 0.000 Magnesium oxide 0.000 0.000 Sodium bicarbonate 0.000 0.000
12.920 3.130 2.040 1.340 1.510 0.550 0.540 0.500 0.380 0.340 0.330 0.330 0.220 0.100 0.090 0.030 0.020 0.000 0.000 0.000
12.920 3.130 0.380 3.133 0.000 1.474 0.540 1.299 0.380 0.000 0.256 0.241 0.767 0.673 0.000 0.000 0.019 0.107 0.009 0.000
Opt with
12.920 3.130 0.000 5.163 0.000 1.189 0.540 0.000 0.380 1.066 0.048 0.330 0.323 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.019 0.118 0.000 0.101
SOS Protein INRA official trial in 5 farms (winter 2018-19)
• Agribalyse for farm products
• GFLI for feedstuffs
Substitution AA+Cereal / Soybean Initial Addition Subst. * MetDI (g) LysDI (g) LysDI/MetDI CP % N efficiency eq kg CO2 value / cow eq kg CO2 value / kg milk
44 167 3.78 16.5 33
57 167 2.94 16.5 34.3
56 164 (176) 2.94 16 36
19.68
19.70
0.51 ref
0.50 -1%
Optimize Optimize without with 57 161 2.82 14.5 38
57 161 2.82 15.5 35
17.74
13.24
10.00
+0.5 g/kg TP
0.46 -10%
0.34 -34%
0.26 -50%
+0.6 kg milk
* = Ref: SOS Protein, INRA official trial in 5 farms, (4 months winter 2018-19)
37 kg average
Initial diet MetDI deficiency assessment
Simple MetDI addition Academic calculation Meta Analysis valorization
Simple manual reformulation Farm Cereal and MetDI instead of Soybean meal Do change the impacts (in Europe) !
Optimization With the same ingredients With a larger choice of raw materials With impacts constraints
OPTIMIZATION how to evaluate AADI requirement ? INRA 2007: PDI requirement (ex: 2400 g) maintenance + production Recommandations % MetDI LysDI PDI min = 0.9 * INRA requirements = 2400*0.9= 2160 g PDI Max= 1.2 * INRA requirements Recommandations LysDI g 2400*6.8% = 163 g Recommandations MetDI g 2400*2.2 = 53 g
OPTIMIZATION how to choose MetDI % ? requirement requirement 3 AADI OPTIMIZATION1.80 PRINCIPLES 2.00 2.20 2.50 …
% PDIE
2,5
2
Economical variables
1,5
1
Safety margin
0,5
Safety margin
0
death
deficiency mini reco. OPT 1
OPT 2
OPT 3
OPT 4
maximum
toxicity
OPTIMIZATION without / with impact kg CO2/cow/d CP %
AA // Global Warming
€ IOFC Margin increase/100 cow/d
N eff %50 40
100
33,11
35,93
37,91
37,96
34,85
34,59
Without constraint on impact
80
30
60
20
40
10
20
0
0
With constraint on impact
-10 -20
Initial diet
Subst. diet
AA opt. diet
-30
SOS1
19,68
SOS2
17,74
SOSopt1
13.09
GWarm LCA GFLI eco alloc
-20
AA opt. Diet + Env. constraint
SOSopt2
12,00
Ref: SOS Protein, INRA official trial in 5 farms, (4 months winter 2018-19)
SOSopt3
10,00
CP / DM
Amino-acid optimisation gives opportunity for lower impacts -60 and better IOFC -40
SOSopt4
8,05
AADI Formulation: effect on sustainability
MetDI (g) LysDI (g) LysDI/MetDI CP % N efficiency eq kg CO2 value / cow eq kg CO2 / kg milk
Initial
Addition
Subst.
Optimize without
Optimize with
44 167 3.78 16.5 33
57 167 2.94 16.5 34.3
56 164 2.94 16 36
57 161 2.82 14.5 38
57 161 2.82 15.5 35
19.68
19.70
17.74
13.24
10.00
0.51
0.50
0.46
0.34
0.26
ref
-1%
-10%
-34%
-50%
Ref: SOS Protein, INRA official trial in 5 farms, (4 months winter 2018-19)
Evolution of Rations (DM kg) with AA Balancing Initial
Addition
Subst.
Optimize without
Optimize with
Whole plant corn, 30% DM, silage Permanent grassland silage Soybean meal Rape seed meal Barley Wheat gluten feed Permanent grassland haylage Alfalfa 17-18% CP Permanent grassland hay Corn cobs Fodder beet Potatoes Soybean meal, formaldehyde-treated Straw Corn Urea
12.920 3.130 2.440 1.340 1.010 0.550 0.540 0.500 0.380 0.340 0.330 0.330 0.220 0.100 0.090 0.030
12.920 3.130 2.440 1.340 1.010 0.550 0.540 0.500 0.380 0.340 0.330 0.330 0.220 0.100 0.090 0.030
12.920 3.130 2.040 1.340 1.510 0.550 0.540 0.500 0.380 0.340 0.330 0.330 0.220 0.100 0.090 0.030
12.920 3.130 0.380 3.133 0.000 1.474 0.540 1.299 0.380 0.000 0.256 0.241 0.767 0.673 0.000 0.000
12.920 3.130 0.000 5.163 0.000 1.189 0.540 0.000 0.380 1.066 0.048 0.330 0.323 0.000 0.000 0.000
Smartamine M
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.016 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.020 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.019 0.107 0.009 0.000
0.019 0.118 0.000 0.101
Limestone Magnesium oxide Sodium bicarbonate
Ref: SOS Protein, INRA official trial in 5 farms, (4 months winter 2018-19)
33
Current options effect on Environnement Initial diet MetDI deficiency assessment
Simple MetDI addition Academic calculation Meta Analysis valorization
Simple manual reformulation
moderate effect
good improvement
Farm Cereal and MetDI instead of Soybean meal Do change the impacts (in Europe) !
Optimization With the same ingredients With a larger choice of raw materials With impacts constraints (Opteinics, Ruminix…)
HUGE IMPROVEMENT
34
Methionine More than Milk Health and Repro
French example Holstein average
Holstein France 2018: 9252 kg
Lactation curves: 0, 1, >=2 disorder
The effect of metabolic problems on lactation curve shape in third- or greaterlactation cows: cows that encountered no metabolic problems during the transition period (solid line), cows that encountered 1 metabolic problem during the transition period (dotted line), and cows that encountered >1 metabolic problem during the transition period (double line) •M. Hostens, J. Ehrlich,B. Van Ranst G. Opsomer VOLUME 95, ISSUE 6, P29883007, JUNE 01, 2012
Better Reproduction « Shorter »
MORE MILK / d of lactation « mathematically »
Cumulative effects Methionine More than milk
(initial=France Holstein)
Reproduction Health benefits
Cumulative effects (initial=France Holstein)
Methionine More than milk Reproduction Health benefits Footprint savings
AADI Formulation: effect on sustainability, CO2 eq Initial Addition Subst.
MetDI (g) 44 LysDI (g) 167 LysDI/MetDI 3.78 CP % 16.5 N efficiency 33
Optimize Optimize without with
57 167 2.94 16.5 34.3
56 164 2.94 16 36
57 161 2.82 14.5 38
57 161 2.82 15.5 35
Feed Cost
ref
+
=
--
-
IOFC
ref
++
++
+++
+
amino-acid formulation shows all its advantages.
A powerful tool for economy
AADI Formulation: effect on sustainability, CO2 eq Initial Addition Subst.
MetDI (g) LysDI (g) LysDI/MetDI CP % N efficiency eq kg CO2 value / cow eq kg CO2 value / kg milk LCA cumulative effects
Optimize Optimize without with
44 167 3.78 16.5 33
57 167 2.94 16.5 34.3
56 164 2.94 16 36
57 161 2.82 14.5 38
57 161 2.82 15.5 35
19.68
19.70
17.74
13.24
10.00
0.51
0.50
0.46
0.34
0.26
-1%
-10%
-34%
-50%
-9% -18% -40% -54%
Regarding the long term effects, amino-acid formulation shows all its advantages. Methionine: more than milk A powerful tool for sustainability
42
43
Source of emission of the US dairy supply chain
Feed: AA optimisation
5% 6% 19% 17% 5%
24%
Enteric Methane: Energy optimisation and additives…
24%
Feed Manure management Transport, Processing, Distribution
Manure: next step ! Volatility of N end products Nitrogen form in losses Enteric Methane less N % in diet Farm Energy same N in faeces Retail less N in urine
44
RUMINIX software • Sustainability CO2 France – New nutrients – New equations based on scientific publications –… RM GFLI eco; impacted by AADI formulation NASEM D8 eq: (MSI*.294-.347*FA+.0409*dNDF) Could be impacted by additive Feed + enteric / kg Milk
Environmental impacts: AA Balanced feed system
LCA: Different approaches// Impacts More Milk and better Milk
Milk volume Milk quality Repro
Better 21 d pregnancy rate Less pregnancy losses after 35 d Lower average DIM Less replacement needed Health
Less disorders Lower culling rate Longer life
DAIRY GOLD :
2030 goal for sustainability
Irish Co-op's plan for 40% less carbon emissions from farms
* *
*
*
*
* Achievable with AA formulation !
Formulation with Optimization
AADI
Energy Minerals,
MetDI, LysDI…
P Ca Mg abs
Nutritional constraints Environmental Constraints
Commercial specificities
Fatty acids
DCAD, (BE) Na K Cl (S)
49
Classical diet Supply
Target
50
First step: avoid the MP in excess
Supply Target
51
Second step: rely on AA formulation
Target
HOME MESSAGE • Good definition of Raw Ingredient quality • A good matrix • Choose the right constraint • Forget the « miracle » soybean • Forget MP or PDI, Think Amino-acid for Ruminant • g/kg MetDI LysDI HisDI …
More economy possible
•Better sustainability
From Metabolisable Protein (PDI) to Amino Acid Feed Cost
Farmer benefit
Milk Quality Nitrogen excretion Protein autonomy
Industry benefit
Environmental benefit
Trade balance benefit