SEPTEMBER
2021
THE GRADUATE UNION NEWSLETTER
WHAT’S ON
SEPTEMBER MONTHLY LUNCHEON - POSTPONED
This event (previously scheduled for the 1st of September has been postponed We shall inform you of the rescheduled date in due course. with Lin Bender AM. Dine in: Members $35, non-members $40. Virtual attendance: Members $10, non-members $15.
BRIDGE NIGHT - RESUMING AFTER LOCKDOWN Wednesday, 1st, 8th, 15th, 22nd, 29th September 7:15pm – 9:30pm Do you enjoy a sociable game of duplicate bridge? Register at reception. All levels of bridge players welcome. Player fees: Members $2, non-members $5. Food and beverages at bar prices.
ITALIAN CONVERSATION LUNCH - RESUMING AFTER LOCKDOWN
Tuesday, 7th, 21st September 12:00pm – 2:00pm Dine while learning to speak Italian with an experienced teacher. Members $12.00, non-members $20.
SPECIAL MORNING BREAKFAST - RESUMING AFTER LOCKDOWN
Tuesday, 14th September 7:30am - 8:30am Non-resident Members are welcome to join Resident Members for a hearty breakfast at Graduate House. Free for Resident Members, Non-resident Members $20.
WOMEN’S FORUM - RESUMING AFTER LOCKDOWN
Wednesday, 15th September 10:00am for 10:30am start with the topic: Are we taking sufficiently into account the destruction of trees and vegetation in the context of development? The Women’s Forum group extends invitation to new members and welcomes new ideas. Discussions are held in an informal and friendly atmosphere. The group then adjourns for lunch in the dining room. The forum is free. All are welcome.
COLLEGE TABLE - SCHEDULED AS ONLINE EVENT Friday, 17th September 12:00pm for 12:30pm start with Consultant Cardiologist and Director, Dr Jennifer Coller
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BOOK NOW: www.graduatehouse.com.au I (03) 9347 3428 I admingh@graduatehouse.com.au
CONTENTS MESSAGE FROM PRESIDENT AND CHAIRPERSON 5 Farewell to our CEO/Head of College INTERNATIONAL DAYS 6 August FEATURES 11 Inclusionary Leadership 12 Huseyin (Huss) Mustafa OAM - General Manager, Multicultural Community Banking Australia, Commonwealth Bank of Australia 16 The Hon Gaetano (Tony) Pagone - Justice, Peace, Security and Well-Being in the world during the Pandemic 18 Malcolm MacMillan - Passage to India 22 Graduate House: undergraduates and postgraduates REVIEW 26 John Monash - Australia’s National Possession by Michael Headberry MEMBERS’ CONTRIBUTION 33 The Paintings of Marg Nicoll 34 A tiny act of love by Life Member, Louis A Coutts EXTRACURRICULAR 36 Scammers... and how to avoid being conned GRADUATE HOUSE NEWS 39 Melba group takeaway lunch GU COLLEGIATE 40 College Table - Dr Jennifer Coller 41 Members’ Christmas Party PROMOTIONS 42 Function Menu 2021 - Traditional Christmas 43 Christmas Summer Barbecue Menu 44 Accommodation for patients, hospital visitors and medical staff 46 Undergraduate and graduate college accommodation
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Dear Members, On Sunday the 15th of August, the CEO/ Head of College, Dr Kerry Bennett called us to advise us that after a considerable period of reflection, she had decided to tender her resignation after having reached her ten year anniversary in the role. Naturally we were both disappointed to learn of her decision, but we understood that after a period of a decade in the position, many executives decide that both the organisation and the person themselves would benefit from a change. We are also mindful of the huge effort, and the consequential toll, dealing with COVID 19 has brought. We are extremely grateful for the efforts Kerry has made over the past 18 months to ensure that both staff and students were safe and well looked after, and we are very conscious of the fact that in all of that time no-one at Graduate House tested positive to COVID 19. Members were also in the forefront of her concerns. We wish her every success for the future, and both for ourselves and the Council we express our gratitude for all that she has done during her tenure. Fortunately, our recent Strategic Planning Day and outcomes, has put us on a good trajectory for the future and we look forward to launching soon the 2022-2024 Strategic Plan.
Cr Vincent Mirabelli
The Hon Diana Bryant AO QC
Chairperson of Council
President.
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INTERNATIONAL DAYS SEPTEMBER IN TERNATI O NAL DAYS
3rd September – National Walk to Work Day
5th September – International Day of Charity
Sponsored by the Australian government and supported by all state and territory governments in this country, National Walk to Work Day involves, as the name suggests, walking to and from work but, of course, could also involve walking away from and back to your home (if you work at home) as well as any other walking activity!
Charity means generosity, aid and helpfulness, especially toward the needy or suffering. International Day of Charity marks the death date of Mother Teresa of Calcutta (1910-1997) who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 for work undertaken in the struggle to overcome poverty and distress, which also constitute a threat to peace. Born in 1910, Mother Theresa went to India aged 18 years and thence devoted herself to helping the destitute, founded the order of Missionaries of Charity (1950) and ministered to the poor, sick, orphaned and dying, while guiding the Missionaries of Charity’s expansion, first in India and then in other countries, including hospices and homes for the poorest and homeless. The Day is to foster the implementation of charity, volunteerism and philanthropy, to alleviate the worst effects of humanitarian crises, supplement public services in health care, education, housing and child protection, and assist the advancement of culture, science, sports, and the protection of cultural and natural heritage.
Health benefits of walking include: • increased cardiovascular and pulmonary (heart and lung) fitness; • reduced risk of heart disease and stroke; • improved management of conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure), high cholesterol, joint and muscular pain or stiffness, and diabetes; • stronger bones and improved balance; • increased muscle strength and endurance; and • reduced body fat.
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7th September – National Threatened Species Day National Threatened Species Day is celebrated across Australia to raise awareness of plants and animals at risk of extinction. It marks the death date in captivity of the last known thylacine, or Tasmanian Tiger. Australia is home to more than 500,000 animal and plant species, many of which are found nowhere else 10th September – World Suicide in the world. Biodiversity — the variety of plants, Prevention Day animals, micro-organisms and ecosystems that Every 40 seconds, someone loses their life to suicide. constitute our living environment — is in decline in Australia with more than 1,700 species and ecological World Suicide Prevention Day raises awareness of the communities under threat and at risk of extinction scale of suicide around the world — 800,000 people due to loss, degradation and fragmentation of habitat, annually — and the role that each of us can play to th invasive species, altered fire regimes, unsustainable help prevent suicide. Suicide is the 15 leading cause use and management of natural resources, changes of death globally, with a rate of 11.4 per 100,000. For to the aquatic environment and water flows, and every 1 suicide, 25 people have made an attempt at climate change. Sadly, over the last 200 years, more killing themselves. It is estimated that each suicide than 100 animal and plant species have become affects 135 people, with 108 million people bereaved by suicide worldwide every year. Depression is the extinct. most common psychiatric disorder in people who die by suicide. On this Day, take a minute to reach out to someone – a complete stranger, close family member or friend – this can change a life.
8th September – International Literacy Day As outlined by the United Nations (UN), 773 million adults and young people lack basic literacy skills and 617 million children and adolescents are not achieving minimum proficiency levels in reading and mathematics. International Literacy Day stresses the importance of literacy for individuals, communities and societies, and the need for intensified efforts towards more literate societies. A key component of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals and the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Sustainable Development Goal 4 has, as one of its targets, ensuring all young people achieve literacy and numeracy and that adults who lack these skills are given the opportunity to acquire them. Since 1967, UNESCO International Literacy Prizes have supported effective literacy practices and encouraged the promotion of dynamic literate societies.
12th September – United Nations Day for South-South Cooperation The developing countries of the South-South Cooperation are located primarily in the Southern Hemisphere, and include Asia (except for Japan, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan), Central America, South America, Mexico, Africa, and the Middle East (except for Israel). These countries have contributed to more than half of the world’s growth in recent years with intra-south trade accounting for more than a quarter of all world trade, and outflows of foreign direct investment from the South representing a third of the global flows. Under the South-South Cooperation and with 7
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support from the United Nations Office for SouthSouth Cooperation (UNOSSC) these countries share knowledge, exchange technologies and form common agenda and collective actions to solve common development challenges. This unique day for South-South Cooperation is thus to support efforts to manage, design and implement SouthSouth cooperation policies and initiatives through the identification, sharing and transfer of successful Southern-generated development solutions.
16th September – International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer
15th September – International Day of Democracy
International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer marks the date of the signing, in 1987, of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (resolution 49/114) and is to protect the ozone layer by eliminating total global production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (over 100 chemicals).
The word democracy originated from the Greek words demos meaning, whole citizen living within a particular city-state and kratos means power or rule; and this means rule by the people. For representative democracy forms of government, the people make decisions about how their community is run and elect leaders to make laws to effect these decisions. The values of freedom, respect for human rights and the principle of holding periodic and genuine elections by universal suffrage are essential elements of democracy. International Day of Democracy is thus to review the state and the ideal of democracy in the world, and to reinforce the link between democracy and human rights as captured in article 21(3) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: “The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.”
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As explained by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, ozone is a gas made up of three oxygen atoms (O3) that occurs naturally in the upper atmosphere — called the stratosphere and at 10-50 kilometres altitude. In the lower atmosphere (the troposphere) near the Earth’s surface, ozone is created by chemical reactions between air pollutants from vehicle exhaust, gasoline vapors and other emissions. At ground level, high concentrations of ozone are toxic to people and plants. Ozone is destroyed when it reacts with molecules containing nitrogen, hydrogen, chlorine or bromine. Though some of the molecules that destroy ozone occur naturally, people have created others.
21st September – International Day of Peace International Day of Peace was established in 1981 for all humanity to commit to Peace above all differences, to contribute to building a Culture of Peace and to educate and raise public awareness on issues related to peace. For the 24 hours of this Day, non-violence and cease-fires are observed.
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23rd September – International Day of Sign Languages The proposal for International Day of Sign Languages came from the World Federation of the Deaf (WFD) — 135 national associations representing 70 million deaf people’s human rights worldwide — and marks the date that the WFD was established in 1951 as an advocacy organisation which seeks to preserve sign languages and deaf culture as prerequisites to the 27th September – World Tourism Day realisation of the human rights of deaf people, and to raise awareness of the issues deaf people face in their Employment for the tourism industry is one in every ten people on Earth, and that is 100-120 million everyday lives. direct tourism jobs. It is a catalyst for equality and inclusivity, giving women, young people and those living in rural communities the chance to support themselves and their families and to integrate more fully into wider society. World Tourism Day fosters awareness among the global community for tourism’s social, cultural, political and economic value and the contribution the sector can make in reaching the Sustainable Development Goals. 26th September – International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons The horror of the Second World War, culminating in the nuclear blasts at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, brought home the need to address the nuclear issue. However, and as outlined in the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) 2020 Armaments, Disarmament and International Security yearbook, at the start of 2020, nine countries — the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, Israel and North Korea — possessed approximately 13,400 nuclear weapons, of which 3,720 were deployed with operational forces. Approximately 1,800 of these are kept in a state of high operational alert. International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons, observed since 2014, is to acknowledge the threat to humanity from nuclear weapons and the necessity for their total elimination. Ploughshares Fund gives financial support to organisations and people that/ who promote the elimination of nuclear weapons, prevent the emergence of new nuclear states and build regional peace.
The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) promotes tourism globally as a driver of economic growth, inclusive development and environmental sustainability and offers leadership and support to the sector in advancing knowledge and tourism policies worldwide.
28th September – World Rabies Day National Rabies is preventable. It is a viral zoonotic disease that causes progressive and fatal inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. Clinically, it is characterised by either hyperactivity and hallucinations (furious rabies) or paralysis and coma (paralytic rabies) followed by death. Though vaccines, medicines and technologies have long 9
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been available to prevent death, rabies is estimated to cause (at least) 59,000 human deaths annually in over 150 countries, with 95% of cases occurring in Africa and Asia most usually from the bite of an infected dog. Making people aware of how to avoid the bites of rabid dogs, to seek treatment when bitten and to vaccinate animals can successfully disrupt the rabies transmission cycle. World Rabies Day is to raise awareness about rabies prevention and to highlight progress in defeating this horrifying disease.
and strengthening world peace and security. Transposition of a literary or scientific work, including technical work, from one language into another language, professional translation, including translation proper, interpretation and terminology, is indispensable to preserving clarity, a positive climate and productiveness in international public discourse and interpersonal communication. The Day marks the feast of St. Jerome, the patron saint of translators, who was an Italian priest who translated most of the Bible into Latin from the Greek manuscripts of the New Testament, and parts of the Hebrew Gospel into Greek.
28th September – International Day for Universal Access to Information Recognising the significance of access to information, the 74th UN General Assembly proclaimed 28th September as the International Day for Universal Access to Information (IDUAI) at the UN level in October 2019. The theme of the 2021 International Day for Universal Access to Information will highlight the role of access to information laws and their implementation to build back strong institutions for the public good and sustainable development, as well as to strengthen the right to information and international cooperation in the field of implementing this human right.
30th September – International Translation Day International Translation Day pays tributes to the work of language professionals in bringing nations together, facilitating dialogue, understanding and cooperation, contributing to development 10
30th September – World Maritime Day World Maritime Day is celebrated annually to provide an opportunity to focus attention on the importance of shipping and other maritime activities and to emphasise a particular aspect of the work of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is responsible for the safety and security of shipping and the prevention of marine and atmospheric pollution by ships. With sustainable shipping and maritime development a priority, the IMO is developing and implementing global standards for energy efficiency, new technology and innovation, maritime education and training, maritime security, maritime traffic management and the development of the maritime infrastructure.
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Inclusionary Leadership Author Diana Ryall AM’s book, Inclusionary Leadership, published in 2017, profiled A Taste of Harmony hero Ambassador Huss Mustafa OAM among a diverse group of 18 inclusive leaders in Australian business. Read Huss Mustafa’s story in our feature section on pages 10-13. A Taste of Harmony provides the opportunity to celebrate and discuss diversity over a meal. It’s an inclusive opportunity for everyone, regardless of background, to share stories and get to know their co-workers and their culture.
and religion. It was a lovely evening, and of course – was over food!” Is food a tool to provide permission to approach some difficult topics? Can cultural identity sometimes be a taboo in the workplace? For more on Inclusionary Leadership, go to: https://www.tasteofharmony.org.au/what-isinclusionary-leadership/
In her book, Diana sought to share what qualities made a leader inclusionary, both inclusive and visionary. “This book is a collection of stories. People connect with stories quickly.” Diana said. “We know that inclusion is still a challenge in a number of workplaces, and that’s exactly why we put the book together. If we can tell a story of what inclusion looks and feels like for them – that gives us an opportunity to make a difference.” “If you have a workplace where people walk in the door and they feel a part of the group, they belong, they don’t have to cover a part of themselves and their skill set is valued – that makes a great difference.” “People who have felt exclusion or difference find it easier to accept difference” Diana said. In this book, Huss Mustafa shared that he was bullied by his peers as the only non-Anglo in school. “Huss is fabulous,” she said. “The day we met, he invited me to an Iftar dinner and was so enthusiastic and was willing to share an exchange of cultural background 11
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Huseyin (Huss) Mustafa OAM General Manager, Multicultural Community Banking Australia, Commonwealth Bank of Australia
Huss Mustafa OAM has a Turkish Cypriot heritage with very humble beginnings who migrated to Australia with his family at the age of 10 and is currently a Senior Executive at the Commonwealth Bank of Australia, with over 43 years of service. Within 6 years of arriving in Australia in 1968, with no knowledge of the English language he passed all his grades, and in 1974 obtained a position at the then State Bank Of Victoria, which merged with The Commonwealth Bank in 1991. 12
He is a founding member of the Australian Turkish Business Council and is currently the President in his tenth term. Huss has also served three terms on the Australian of the Year judging panel. Huss Mustafa has been a proud ambassador of a Taste of Harmony, Australia’s largest celebration of workplace cultural diversity He has been a role model citizen within our Community and continues to mentor a large number of professionals and business owners. In 2014 he
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“Often senior leaders can become distant from their broader team. Huss’s passion to remain present in the everyday lives of his team, engage with people from diverse backgrounds, and to connect his team with our multicultural communities is a distinct leadership capability.” - Claire Roberts, Executive General Manager, Business Banking SME, CBA
was included on the Queen’s Birthday Honors list and received the Order of Australia Medal for his contribution to Multiculturalism and Business. CEO and Head of College, Dr Kerry Bennett met with Huss recently and he has very kindly consented to have his interview republished here. What does inclusive leadership mean to you? For me, an inclusive leader provides opportunities to all their team members to play an active role in adding value to the business and the team irrespective of each individual’s background. Its about tapping into unique talents and experiences that each team member can contribute, by reference to their individual background. The more diverse the talent pool, the more innovative the outcome, and the more that outcome is reflective of the broader community at large. Inclusive leadership creates an environment that enables individuals to participate freely and bring all of themselves to work, without fear of criticism or judgement. It encourages individuals to identify their value proposition and unique qualities within themselves that they can volunteer to enrich the business. As you took on more responsibility as a leader, when did diversity and inclusion become important to you? I became cognisant of the importance and power of diversity and inclusion in 1992 when I became the first Turkish bank manager in Australia. I soon learned that this is a strong value proposition for my business. Before long, I had Turkish clients travelling from regional Victoria to Melbourne to meet with me and transfer their banking to my branch. This became a competitive advantage for me, and while the bank’s business was growing at 3% per year, my branch was growing at 12% per year.
I found myself at cultural festivals connecting with my community and creating a sense of affinity while building the brand and selling business. I developed a sense of trust in the community that lead to ongoing referrals and continual growth of my business. The next step was to identify people in my team from diverse cultural backgrounds who could also connect with their own communities. I was appointed to a regional manager role and I identified the need for staff in branches with bilingual skills to ensure that members of the migrant community felt comfortable and confident in their dealings with the bank, in their own native language. I was soon mentoring members in my team who became ambassadors of their own communities. Have you ever worked in an organisation where you felt excluded? If so, what caused this and how do you feel? I am proud to say that the only organisation I have ever worked for since the age of 15 is the Commonwealth Bank (CBA). I commenced work as a bank clerk at a time when multiculturalism was not celebrated and when assimilation was the key to surviving, compelling me to change my name to ‘Chris’. I didn’t possess the common traits of an Australian and the made it difficult for me to fit in and connect socially with my colleagues. I looked, spoke and thought differently to my peers and instead of this being regarded as an asset to the organisation as it is today, at that time, it made me feel like my co-workers didn’t relate to me. In the early days, when transparency and fairness was not a priority like it is today, I felt it was difficult for me to secure the same opportunities as my peers. I recall that I was delegated less complex duties than my colleagues. This made me feel less valued and I remember wanting to be more like my peers. 13
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“Huss is a highly inclusive and value-driven leader who embraces all aspects of diversity within his team. He is a passionate advocate for multiculturalism and creates an environment where people can bring their whole self to a workplace.” - Adam Bennett, Group Executive Business and Private Banking, CBA
It troubles me to admit that I wanted to assimilate rather than be seen as different including consciously speaking in the most ‘Australian’, accent-free way that I could. Fortunately, I was able to overcome these obstacles and despite my earlier experiences, I was promoted to assistant manager within 10 years in the organisation. This was an above-average achievement at the time. What link do you see between employee engagement and inclusion? I see the link between the two as paramount. Employee engagement goes to the heart of feeling included in the workplace. I want my team to feel supported and to have a sense of belonging in the business. I strive to encourage and inspire my people to be the best that they can be so that they can reap[ the rewards of their efforts. Work should be enjoyable and a place where people can grow and achieve their career aspirations. What actions have you taken to include diversity in your teams and groups? I have taken steps to ensure my team is reflective of the diverse community that we live in. My team is made up of people from 36 different cultural backgrounds, and I actively seek opportunities to enhance the diversity of the team as I value the benefit it produces. I am conscious of avoiding any unconscious biases that may exist, be it in relation to gender, cultural background, sexual orientation, disability or age. It is imperative to embrace people the way they are. 14
As a testament to my passion for diversity, I am a founding member of the bank’s internal cultural diversity steering group called ‘Mosaic’, in which I lead the community stream that focuses on engagement with the local community. I am proud of the achievements of Mosaic, particularly recently with the hijab being officially incorporated into the CBA corporate wardrobe. As a founding member and current President of the Australian Turkish Business Council (ATBC), I have played an integral role in improving trade between Australia and Turkey and hosting mutually beneficial events that promote business between the two countries. In my role, I have hosted 14 Iftar dinners during the holy month of Ramadan. The next natural step was to continue this actively as part of the CBA and, in 2009, I hosted the first CBA Iftar dinner which has continued to be a successful event held annually. The event welcomes people from all faiths and cultural backgrounds, with the focus on promotion of social harmony and cohesion. How would you describe your leadership style? I am a highly motivated, energetic and passionate leader with a firm focus on people. I live and breathe the vision and values of the business, and I strive to be a role model for my people. For me, integrity is key. I want to be that person who helps people get to where they want to be. I pride myself in being an approachable leader. I prioritise taking the time to motivate my team and instill confidence in them. I get great satisfaction from developing and producing great leaders. How do you define merits? In business, I think that ‘merit’ cannot be defined by an exhaustive list of attributes. Rather, it can be defined by those qualities and skills that best fit the requisites of the given role. Merit should be free from conscious and unconscious biases. Do you have examples of women who have thrived under your leadership? Did this require you to do things differently? Under my leadership, I have mentored and supported numerous female members of my team. I have
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recruited junior staff, identified talent and sponsored women in the organisation to grow and develop within and outside my team. In particular, I first employed a young, ambitious female relationship manager and over the years I invested in her development and promoted her to an executive manager role. I recognised that to propel her further she will benefit from further tertiary education so I sponsored her to complete her MBA. I wanted her to have exposure to new opportunities and supported her transition to another business unit that will enhance her leadership capability. This resulted in her promotion to general manager. How did you hone your skills to support diverse employees to strive in your organisation? I used my experience and story as a platform to celebrate the benefits of diversity and encourage others to do the same. I was 10 years old when I migrated to Australia and did not know a word of English. In school, my teacher told my parents that my potential was limited to unskilled work. This was my driving motivation to
prove to myself that I could be more, and to prove my teacher wrong. This is something I have carried with me all my life. Notwithstanding the fact I left school in year 10, I went on to undertake undergraduate and postgraduate studies later in life, as well as a master’s degree in management. I learned that when I shared my story, it inspired others to have confidence in their own ability to achieve similar career outcomes, despite how unique their journey in life may be. What advice would you give other leaders who wish to develop greater inclusivity in their workplace? Get to know your team. Understand what motivates each individual and show interest in their ambitions. Ask yourself, ‘Is my team reflective of the community we live in?’ ‘If not, why not?’ and ‘What can be done to ride the coat-tails of diversity in the workforce and all the benefits it can provide?’ People should feel proud to be their true selves at work and you will see it leads to greater, more positive outcomes.
A Taste of Harmony ambassador, Huss Mustafa OAM
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Justice, Peace, Security and Well-Being IN THE WORLD DURING THE PANDEMIC Previous Chairman of Council, The Hon Gaetano (Tony) Pagone, is President of the International Association of Judges and spoke at the Second International Conference on World Day for International Justice held remotely on the 17th July 2021 and organised by the City Montessori School in Lucknow, India. This World Day is observed across the globe every year to mark an emerging modern system of justice against international criminal acts.
borders have been closed and as travel restrictions have prevented couples, children and grandparents to meet. Elderly people in nursing homes have died alone and have had reduced care despite the best of intentions. Depression, mental health, loneliness, frustration and suicides have all increased as personal freedoms and freedom of movement has decreased. And there is also the economic cost of the measures imposed to protect our health about which he has said nothing.
His Hon began his presentation by noting that the topic of ‘Justice, peace, security and well-being in the world during the pandemic’ chosen for the Conference this year is both essential to be discussed and very difficult.
Judges, lawyers and the agencies of law enforcement have supported and maintained the restrictions, but it is important to question whether we have made the correct choices. Restrictions to protect public health are often based upon broad powers intended for very different circumstances. Many of the powers which have been invoked to deal with the pandemic are based upon emergency powers intended to deal with emergencies of relatively short duration and with little lasting consequence once the emergency has passed. The laws designed for emergencies are an exception to ordinary life and their use damages the balance to rights which are carefully created over years and at times after struggle, costs and compromises.
It is essential because the responses by authorities throughout the world have had to balance, and in part to sacrifice, each of the elements chosen for the topic of the theme of this conference. The response to the pandemic has necessarily involved reorganisation of priorities in every country, with rights and expectations having given way to claims of different needs and different priorities. The cost of the pandemic has been great however that cost is measured. Justice, peace, security and well-being have all suffered as a direct result of the measures taken to protect us during the pandemic. Criminal, as well as civil, trials have been delayed and the finely balanced processes in our judicial, legal and law enforcement systems have been compromised. Increased domestic violence has been imposed upon people who have been told to stay at home. Some families have been separated as 16
Many rights have been suspended and some may be forever modified. In recent days we have seen introduced the requirement in some democratic countries that a government issued pass must be presented for a citizen to be permitted to exercise the ordinary ability of attending a café. The need in some places for a “green pass” may be thought necessary for public health but it means that we will
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not be permitted to do things which until recently we thought we could do without government permission. The judiciaries and legal systems have played a fundamental role in supporting the measures that have been taken by government to deal with the emergencies. But compromises have been made that need careful attention and evaluation. The continuing roles of judges during the pandemic has caused a loss of rights which needs to be identified and evaluated. The loss has been great and has always been said to be necessary. At first many law courts were temporarily closed down and cases were deferred; later the proceedings were modified and legal processes were changed. Hearings were often conducted remotely and processes were introduced to allow the administration of justice to continue in a modified form. The issue for careful identification and for close and careful evaluation, however, is the modification: what we are not identifying enough is what has been modified and what is the cost to justice of the modification. We are not identifying, and evaluating, for example, what justice loses when it permits an accused to be kept in custody for longer than before because cases have been deferred; or when an accused is not able to be in the same physical room as the witnesses who give evidence or the jury which is to decide the outcome of the accused. There is also to be considered how unevenly the measures have fallen upon different groups as blunt instruments are used to make rules without sufficient care for different needs. Something has
already been said about the impact of domestic violence by orders compelling people to stay at home at the height of the restrictions. Many restrictions have been imposed without exception for religious practices and requirements. Some of these restrictions begin to look to those affected as a callous imposition of cultural expectations of a dominant group upon minorities who believe that they must be told to act otherwise. At the international level there has been raised suspicion that some restrictions upon travel have been imposed selectively and discriminate against races and nations. We are very far from a reckoning of the cost to justice of the pandemic and of the measures taken to deal with it. The need for such a reckoning increases daily as we face the need to modify our lives for longer than expected when we first became aware of the virus. It would be a mistake to expect that things will just go back to the way things were before the pandemic began. Even if it did there would still be a need to evaluate what the cost has been to justice by what has happened and which cannot be restored. But there is every reason to believe that we will take into the future not just the scars of past measures but also the permanent wounds of permanent changes. The permanent changes all need to be identified and justified. This is not said as a rejection of the need for anything that has been done, but to remind us of the need for vigilance in protecting freedoms.
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Some of our staff visiting the local Mussoorie bazaar. Overseas volunteers often came from Britain, Australia and New Zealand
Mrs Viyaya Lakshmi Pandit, sister of Jawahal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister. She was successively Ambassador to USA, Russia and Britain. 18
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Back in 1955, when we were young... I met Malcolm Macmillan on my first day of lectures, in March 1955. It was in the Public Lecture Theatre in the Old Arts building and we were students beginning Commerce and learning Legal Studies. This was the beginning of a long 66 years of rich friendship. Some nine years later, I flew to Sydney to fill the role of best man at the wedding of Malcolm to Margaret Stewart, a Sydney teacher. On that same day, Malcolm received a memorable wire message to which he refers in the article following. I have enjoyed a rich friendship with Malcolm and Margaret and only a few weeks ago we lunched at my favourite eating place, Graduate House, and they left with a couple of recent copies of the Graduate Union newsletters. A day or two later, I received a letter from Malcolm, including a piece he had just written, A Passage to India, wondering whether it might be of interest to our readers . Here it is. - Mac Nicoll, Life Member and regular patron of Graduate House
Passage to India by Malcolm MacMillan April 4th 1964 was our wedding day in Sydney. To receive a wire from New Delhi that very morning offering me the position of Principal of one of India's prestigious Anglo Indian schools in the Himalayas was like a bolt from the blue. I had always been a keen student of India and for several weeks had been considering this position which had suddenly become available when the incumbent had been involved in a serious bus accident. Many English public servants found family life in tropical India less than congenial and some wives and children stayed in England or decamped there. Some of the men in their isolation in India took up with local women creating a scandal for both races. The children of these liaisons were often neglected and roamed the streets, ill cared for, with little education and with little prospect in life. This worried many of the British and resulted in homes and orphanages being opened to rescue them. Most of these orphanages eventually became schools. At the time of partition in 1947, there were 400 Anglo Indian schools in undivided India.
The Anglo-Indians were a mixed community who worked harmoniously with the British particularly in departments like the railways, post office, defence and customs - areas where security and integrity were important. When the British left in 1947 they made sure that under the Indian Constitution their community was clearly identified and protected. By definition Anglo Indians were Christians and their language was English. It also guaranteed that their institutions, in particular schools and churches, were protected. No such protection was provided under the constitution of Pakistan and their institutions were considered fair game and usually didn't survive. Our school, Wynberg-Allen, gradually became multi-cultural embracing rich and poor, various religious traditions and ethnic backgrounds but always maintaining excellence in the English language. It consisted of about 500 boarders and 100 day scholars. A couple of years before my arrival, my Aussie predecessor had taken, what for India, was a radical step: introducing co19
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Our wedding day in 1964. Mac Nicoll (left) was my best man
education. The parents learned to trust me, even if I sometimes received letters addressed to "The Mother Superior"! Our arrival in June 1964 coincided with the last vestiges of the British Raj. We were packing our bags ready to sail for India when Nehru died. An old British civil servant, Sir Edmund Gibson, lived in a house at our School gate. At one stage in his career he was responsible for the security of Mahatma Gandhi. Mrs Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, Nehru's sister, and the first President of the UN General Assembly lived in Rajpur at the foot of our school hill. We entertained her when she opened our School fete. Australians have never quite understood India as well as the British have and now they were leaving after more than 400 years! The Chairman of the school Board was an English doctor who originally trained as an engineer. He 20
founded and ran a Christian hospital some 80 km away and had helpful connections with several wellheeled friends in the United Kingdom, including Sir John Laing of John Laing and Sons. We also recruited S. C. Singha former Aide-deCamp to Lord Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India to the school Board. On one occasion I saw him arriving in his car to a board meeting and noticed that he was wearing a peculiar hat. He presented himself at the door and so I asked, "What happened to your hat?" He sheepishly replied, "Oh, I've been in Europe and I visited the Munich Beer festival where I bought this hat which boasted, I'm here for the beer, but I thought that our Chairman today may not appreciate it, so I stowed it!" Anglo Indian schools were founded for their community and in 1947 would have constituted 90% of the student body in our school. So we were committed to take applicants regardless of
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The Mussoorie hill station at 6,000 feet nestling beneath the towering Himalayas
what they might be able to pay. However more and more Anglo Indians were migrating to other commonwealth countries and my arrival in 1964 would have constituted only about 10% of the school enrolment. In spite of accepting all who applied, when we left about 12 years later, it was only 5%. Their places were eagerly taken by India's burgeoning middle class who found they could meet our modest fees. Our schools qualified for a small government grant but sometime around 1970, we decided that we would be better off going it alone. When I arrived at the school, I found that my predecessor had admitted 80 Tibetan refugees under a special arrangement with the Dalai Lama who came to the school in 1963 to inaugurate the program. It was hoped that Wynberg-Allen might educate leaders for the Dalai Lama's Government in Exile.
The Tibetan authorities had undertaken to finance it but following the then Principal's accident, many of the details were lost and some promises were not honoured. The bottom line was that the school had to pick up the tab for much of it. Given our existing commitment to the Anglo Indian community and Indian scholarship holders, this placed an enormous strain on our finances. However we honoured our commitment to the Tibetan programme and our Tibetan students proved to be tenacious sportsmen and often good students. And, indeed some joined the Dalai Lama's Government in Exile in Dharmsala. After twelve years my wife and I decided that for family reasons it was time to move on. We had four beautiful children born in the local hospital and notwithstanding challenges we were undoubtedly richer by India! 21
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Graduate House A RESIDENTIAL COLLEGE FOR UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE STUDENTS
Situated at the corner of Grattan street and Leicester street, Graduate House is in the heart of Melbourne University’s southern precinct and just north of RMIT University. It is also just five minutes away by tram or bike from the campuses of other universities in Melbourne’s Central Business District (CBD) and to a vibrant Carlton social and restaurant scene on the world famous Lygon Street. Graduate House is the ideal accommodation choice for a student enrolled for undergraduate or postgraduate coursework or research studies; a visiting academic, speaker, clinician or researcher or simply someone needing temporary accommodation before finding something more permanent. Our accommodation ranges from the original sophisticated heritage terrace houses on Leicester Street to off site accommodation in nearby Barry Street and Barkly Place. Graduate House offers short or long term accommodation. There are many room types to choose from: fully furnished and equipped apartments, bedsits with en-suite and a small kitchen, and en-suite and double rooms with no kitchens. Breakfast and weekday dinners are included in the room rates.
Please read the Frequently Asked Questions on the following pages for more information about this residential college. We have much experience in offering a true home during these uncertain times. Unlike other residential colleges, we also offer variable term residencies. This means that you can stay overnight, up to a week or longer In addition to its suitability for undergraduate and graduate-level university students, Graduate House is also an ideal accommodation option for: • summer and winter schools; • clinical placements, particularly those at walking distance: Royal Melbourne Hospital, St Vincent’s Hospital, Royal Women’s Hospital, Royal Children’s Hospital and the Comprehensive Cancer Centre; • visiting researchers and lecturers; and • short work sojourns, graduate placements and internships in the city. Full details of rates are available on the website at www.graduatehouse.com.au
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What are the benefits of staying at Graduate House? Graduate House is a diverse and vibrant college where you live, learn and meet new people. Your stay here provides the opportunity to form lifelong friendships, establish professional connections and enrich your learning through collaboration with an active network of students and graduates from different disciplines, countries, cultures and life stages. By staying at Graduate House you can take advantage of all of the exciting possibilities of your university experience, and won’t need to worry about being isolated, preparing your own meals, travelling far to campus or missing out on new and unique opportunities. What does The Graduate Union do? Together, the House and the Union form our international charity and not-for-profit membership association. We bring together graduates of all universities across the world through membership, so that educational, professional, cultural and social networks are fostered and maintained. As a Resident at Graduate House, you are thus part of a global collegium that promotes lifelong learning and the sharing of knowledge and skills for the wider public benefit. I am not a student at The University of Melbourne - can I stay at Graduate House? Yes — you do not need to be studying at, or have graduated from, The University of Melbourne to live at Graduate House or join The Graduate Union. Our college and membership association is for students and graduates of all universities around the world. It is ideal for students attending the city-based campuses of several universities. 24
How can I make a booking? Please contact us by phone on 03 9347 3428 or by email at admingh@graduatehouse.com.au. For short stays, you can also make a booking online by visiting our website. How long can I stay? We offer variable stays to suit all Residents you might be here for one night or three years! Whatever the duration, you are in a safe, calm and mature college residence, mixing with the best and the brightest from Australia and around the world. What are the rooms like? Rooms range from fully-furnished and equipped apartments, bedsits with an ensuite and small kitchen, and ensuite single and double rooms with shared kitchen and bathroom facilities. All rooms have an air conditioner and a heater, a bed, storage space, a study desk and lamp. The majority of rooms are also equipped with a bar refrigerator. For a full list of room inclusions please visit our website. What facilities do you offer? Residents have access to shared spaces including a kitchen, TV lounge, library and study nooks. There is a large communal dining space with a courtyard and barbecue area, and on-site laundry facilities with washing machines and dryers. How can I get around while living at Graduate House? Graduate House is accessible via many modes of transport, with bus stops on our doorstep and tram lines within walking distance to the east (on Swanston Street) and the west (Royal Parade and
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Flemington Road). Secure on-site car parking and bike storage is also available for Residents at Graduate House. By 2025, Graduate House will have direct access (via Grattan Street) to the new Parkville Station of the Metro Tunnel. Do I need to pay for meals? No — meals are included in your rental payment. A stay at Graduate House includes breakfast seven mornings a week and dinner five nights a week (Monday to Friday). Our culinary team is inhouse and aims always to serve a variety of healthy, nutritious and tasty meals from our well-equipped and modern main kitchen. Each weekday a different menu is offered for lunch and dinner. Meeting other Residents in the dining room is an important part of college life and gives you the opportunity to form lifelong friendships over a meal and very interesting conversations. Do meals at Graduate House cater for dietary requirements? Yes — we cater for the majority of commonly requested dietary requirements. Our daily menu has vegetarian, gluten-free and dairy-free options. All meat is certified Halal. Do I need to pay for utilities (electricity, gas, water, waste management)? No — there are no additional utility costs with your rental payment. From your first night at Graduate House, everything is set up and ready to go! Do I need to pay to have my room cleaned? No — we provide a complimentary weekly housekeeping service. This includes a change of your linen and towels, cleaning of the bathroom
and sinks, removal of waste and vacuuming and mopping of floors. Do I need to pay for Internet? No – free standard Wi-Fi is included with your stay at Graduate House. Upgrades for greater usage requirements are available for purchase. Will I need to attend an interview to live at Graduate House? No — there is no interview process required to stay at Graduate House. Will I be safe living at Graduate House? Yes, our College is a safe and secure place to live. All Resident rooms, common areas and external entrances are accessible only via individual wireless key cards – the building is thus kept free from unwanted intruders. Campus security officers at Melbourne University are also available to escort Residents to and from College, or other locations near the vicinity of campus, should they be working late at night. Our high standards of housekeeping, cleanliness and hygiene, as well as feedback systems and timely responses to repair and replacement needs, further ensure the physical safety of Residents. The mental health of individuals and our college community is of paramount importance. Graduate House has internal mechanisms and is within a trusted network of health providers – we guide and support Residents to the best approach for their needs. We implement zero tolerance policies regarding sexual harassment, bullying, intimidation and anything else that is threatening to the welfare and peace of mind of our Residents and staff. 25
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August Monthly Luncheon Review John Monash - Australia’s National Possession by Michael Headberry
Michael Headberry heads up The Monash Pioneers, the alumni group of Monash University students from the first five years (1961 to 1965) and, as Chairman of the Saluting Monash Council in Victoria, spearheads the campaign to have Sir John awarded an Honorary rank of Field Marshal. John Monash was the founding chairman of our Association (then called the Melbourne University (Graduates) Association) in 1911 (and thus before WW1). Our Association has provided support for this ranking. 26
Michael began his presentation by congratulating the team at Graduate House for their actions over the last 18 months noting that the spirit of John Monash was indeed alive and well. He then spoke of three commemorative statues of Monash (see above). The one on the left, completed in 1950, near the Shrine of Remembrance, a second (centre) installed in 2015 at Monash University — which Michael is proud to have initiated after learning that most students thought that the university had been named after the freeway
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— and a third (right) unveiled in 2018 at the Australian War Memorial on the 100th anniversary (4th July) of the Battle of Hamel. Apart from a small southern suburb honouring Monash as an engineer, this latter statue was the first recognition in the Australian Capital Territory other than that in the Australian War Memorial. The label National Possession comes from Geoffrey Serle’s book of 19821, the first biography based on family-held diaries and letters. Serle noted Monash’s popularity after WW1 when he was the most sought-after public speaker in Australia and an achiever across multiple disciplines, as well as his value system, leadership qualities, respect for all and love of Australia. John was born on the 27th of June 1865 in Dudley Street, West Melbourne, to immigrant German Jewish parents. From an early age, his mother cultivated in young John, a strong work ethic, a disciplined approach to self-improvement, a commitment to excellence and the self-confidence to make a mark in life. With signs of an outstanding intellect from a very young age, John developed a clear vision for his life. He wanted to know everything about everything — mathematics, chess, literature, music. He was considered a prodigy pianist, spoke German, French and Latin, and studied Greek, Italian, Hebrew and the Koran. He was also interested in carpentry, surveying, painting and debating; and wrote on such subjects as Shakespeare, the theatre, medicine, architecture, philosophy, psychology, metaphysics, bushwalking, oratory and the Enlightenment writers as well as military history and science. His personal slogan was from Ecclesiastes 9:10: Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might. Aged 17 years in 1882, he expressed his want for fame in a diary entry: “… a fitful, self-expiring eagerness in the pursuit of fame … and the sole thing that bears up my failing spirits is this ambition.” and, in a letter to his cousin Leo in the US, his debt to his native land: “To what country and people do I owe most? To that which I have never seen, with which I have no connection, but that it is the home of some of my relatives? Or to that in which and among whom I was born, have grown up, where I have learned all that I know, to which I owe all happiness that I have
experienced? Shall I, in return for this, look upon it as a foreign land, to be deserted at the first convenient opportunity? No, it is my native land, and I have contracted from it a heavy debt, and it will ever be to me a prominent object, in some measure to repay that debt.” As Vice Chancellor of The University of Melbourne from 1923 to October 1931 (eight years and until his death) he would advise graduating students in the 1920s to: “… adopt as your fundamental creed that you will equip yourself for life not solely for your own benefit, but for the benefit of the whole community.” He lived for three years in Jerilderie (Riverina, NSW) where his parents ran a general store. John and his mother returned to Melbourne to ensure a good education for their gifted son. His secondary education (1877-1881) was at Scotch College, where he matriculated at 14 years of age but returned as co-Dux in 1881. An avid bush walker, young John walked to Mt Buffalo for holidays, and loved Sunday ‘strolls’ to the Dandenong Ranges and back. Noting the newly formed and highstatus of the Army Cadets at Scotch College, John found that the military suited his highly organised thinking, disciplined lifestyle, problem solving ability, eye for detail and opportunity to excel. John began his degree in Arts in 1882 with the intent of becoming a journalist. However, the first-year trappings of extracurricular activities — the theatre, the State library, visits to the Law Courts and parliament, debating societies, writing newspaper and other articles, painting lessons, a carpentry course, coaching students and enjoying whiskey and girls — led to him failing first year. Disgusted with himself he began his engineering (a new degree) education in 1883, graduating with a Bachelor of Civil Engineering in 1891, a Master of Engineering in 1893 and the first Doctorate of Engineering in 1920 — all from The University of Melbourne (as were his 1895 gained Bachelor of Arts and Law and his Honorary Doctor of Laws in 1920). In 1919, he was also appointed as an Honorary Doctor of Civil Law from Oxford University and as an Honorary Doctor of Laws from Cambridge University. 27
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John’s mother died in 1885, and with his father’s business also failing, John had to suspend university to support his family. Prior to this he had been (1883) on the committee to set up the University Union, produced and edited (1884) the Melbourne University Review magazine (the first student newspaper in Australia) and joined the Militia of new University D Company 4th Battalion attached to Victorian Rifles – and was the first to pass his exam for Sergeant. As a consulting engineer (though his degree was not completed until 1891) he worked (1886) on the Princes Bridge, Queens’ Bridge and the Merri Creek Bridge. From 1887, he was in high demand as an expert witness in legal-engineering work and spent time in Queensland, NSW and Western Australia; and in 1888 was the Engineer in charge of the Outer Circle Railway, a steam-era suburban line in Melbourne. John married Hannah Victoria Moss in 1891 and his daughter, Bertha, was born in 1893.
Monash and Anderson Consulting Engineers (established in 1894 as civil, mining and mechanical engineers, and patent agents) gained in 1897 the first licence in Victoria to use the reinforced concrete Monier system, and with David Mitchell (father of Nellie Melba) formed the Monier Pipe Company P/L. They were involved in over 145 works, many of which stand today, including bridges (Anderson Street, Fyansford bridge, King River bridge and railway in Tasmania, etc.), water towers, wheat silos, etc. A portrait of Sir John and Flanders poppies was unveiled in June 2021 on the Monash built Water tower in Tatura, central Victoria. With his law career over this pre-war period, it is said that Monash lost only one (and some say none) of approximately 100 cases where he was expert witness. Renowned for case preparation and incourt advocacy, Justice Sir Leo Cussen remarked: “Any solicitor who failed to retain John Monash as an expert on any patent matter was prima facie guilty of negligence.”
Sourced 9th August 2021 from https://www.australiansiloarttrail.com/tatura
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Progressing through the ranks as a citizen soldier (militia), Monash received a Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration (VD) in 1906, took command of the Victorian Section of the newly created Australian Intelligence Corps, and was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel in 1908. By 1913 when he was appointed to command the 13th Infantry Brigade, he had acquired experience in staff work, transport, field training, supply, engineering and intelligence. For a brief period in 1914, he was also chief Censor before being appointed to command the 4th Infantry Brigade, AIF. A pillar of society by 1914, John was prominent in the Boy Scouts movement, President of our newly formed Melbourne University Graduates Association, President of the Victorian Institute of Engineers, Chairman of Luna Park, on the Board of the Wiltshires, an elected member of The University of Melbourne Council, had declined an offer to be Chief Commissioner of Victoria Police, and on the selection committee for the Rhodes Scholarship. As explained by Michael, it was ‘little wonder’ that John Monash could solve complex challenges on the battlefield. He understood the logistics of supply and the integration of new industrial warfare techniques. He used his engineering mind to develop battle plans of unprecedented detail. He understood the process for motivating people from his business experience and used his legal skills to advocate his ideas and convince those in higher command chain. In 1914, Monash volunteered for the Australian Imperial Force that, at that time, was primarily a volunteer army. As brigade commander of the 4th Infantry Brigade, he (aged just before his 50th birthday), was among the first at Gallipoli, where he remained until the evacuation. After a short period guarding the Suez Canal, he was appointed Major-General commanding the newly formed 3rd Division. On Salisbury Plain, King George V inspected the division and conversed with Monash for two and a half hours. This established Monash’s credibility at the highest level but also led to a degree of professional jealousy and backlash from rivals in his peer group.
In November 1916 Monash and the 3rd Division moved to the Armentières sector of the Western Front as part of General Sir Herbert Plumer’s Second British Army. Starting with Messines in June 1917, then Broodseinde — the greatest A.I.F. victory to that point in time — Monash’s reputation and that of the 3rd Division was established. On 21 March 1918, General Ludendorff, with massive resources, began Operation Michael that aimed to initiate a German victory. Early victories and gained ground were impressive. Monash and the 3rd Division were moved to the Somme arena and were successful in halting the German advance at Morlancourt, between the Somme and Ancre rivers. Brigades also slowed the push to Villers-Bretonneux although Monash was not involved in the liberation of Villers-Bretonneux on the 25th of April, contrary to some claims. Combined with the failure of the German push to the north and south in the French zone, the collapse of German soldier morale, rife starvation and poor management of the German logistics and supply lines had set the stage for an Allies offensive. Monash believed that victory was possible in 1918, not 1919 as many thought and planned for. On the 31st May, Sir John Monash was promoted to Lieutenant-General and replaced Englishman General Birdwood as General Officer Commanding (GOC) the Australian Corps. An Australian was leading the Australians! This was even more remarkable given Monash’s PrussianJewish parentage, citizen solder status and nongraduation from Military College; and it elicited some professional jealousy and the opposition of especially Charles Bean and Keith Murdoch. Monash’s masterpiece, the Battle of Hamel, on the 4th of July 1918 (American Independence Day) earned him the title of “the father of modern combined arms warfare”. This 93-minute battle — the first successful offensive — included the integration of 1,000 Americans into the Australian Battalions, and utilised all the new weaponry, technology and thinking of the time. The 4.5-hour planning meeting on the 30th June involved 250 officers and an agenda of 133 items. All comments were welcomed and respected and 29
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everyone left knowing what they were expected to do and the role of others. Monash’s way was to plan, table, discuss, modify, integrate, commit and fulfil to plan, using a businesslike and scientific approach to decision-making founded on the trust and commitment of and for his men.
of the 100-day Offensive. Monash victories at Mont St Quentin, Pèronne, and the Hindenburg Line followed and combined with other offensives along the Front led to the Germans suing for peace and the signing of the Armistice on the 11th November 1918.
The detailed planning and precise implementation ensured that every effort was taken to protect the infantry. Pre battle preparations, the gathering of intelligence to minimise risk and casualties and the night-time movement of tanks and men meant total surprise for the Germans at 3:10AM.
Monash’s command of the Australian Corps involved 166,000 Diggers plus, at times, English, Canadian, US and French forces totalling 208,000. Despite the Corps designation, Monash was leading an army in size. Of note also, is that before the 8th August 1981, the five Australian divisions had never fought together! And Hamel was the first time Australian and U.S. troops fought together.
“… the role of the infantry was not to expend itself upon heroic physical effort, not to wither away under merciless machinegun fire, not to impale itself on hostile bayonets, but on the contrary, to advance under the maximum possible protection of the maximum possible array of mechanical resources in the form of guns, tanks, mortars and aeroplanes.” Though Murdoch and Bean had urged Prime Minister Hughes to sack Monash during an unannounced visit two days before the battle, Hughes agreed that Monash was the man to lead the Australian Corps after having interviewed Officers, viewed Monash’s plans and noted the backing of Birdwood and Commander in Chief, Haig. As Monash mentioned in his post-war speeches: “A perfected modern battle plan is like nothing so much as a musical score for the orchestral composition, where the various arms and units are the instruments, and the tasks they perform are their respective musical phrases. Each individual unit must make its entry precisely at the proper moment and play its phrase in the general harmony. The whole programme is controlled by an exact timetable, to which every infantryman, every heavy or light gun, every mortar and machine gun, every tank and aeroplane must respond with punctuality; otherwise there will be discords which will impair the success of the operation and increase the cost of it.” Hamel was a tactical and planning benchmark. Monash’s battle plan was circulated among Allied generals and became a blueprint for coordinated set piece offensive action such as that adopted during the 8th August Battle of Amiens, the first day 30
The Australian attrition rate in the period under Monash’s Corps command was 5.7% killed compared to 18% for the whole war and 28% total casualties compared to 65% for the whole war. Monash was made Knight Commander of the most Honourable Order of the Bath (KCB) in the 1918 New Year Honours, the photograph opposite showing his investiture at Chateau Bertangles on the 12th August. This was later complemented by a Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) in January 1919. Following the war, Monash was appointed DirectorGeneral of Demobilisation of 160,000 Diggers. This was achieved in 8 months. But another type of ‘war’ began. 60,000 died within ten years of their return, and many were tormented by alcoholism, family violence and suicides. The consequences of war were long and horrific. Monash’s book entitled Australian Victories in France in 1918 was dedicated to the Diggers. Former NSW Premier Bob Carr noted that the intentional grand snub of Monash on his return was “… one of the most distasteful episodes in our Australian history …” Notwithstanding honours and recognition from Britain, France, Belgium and the USA, there was nothing from Australia. Even requests for him to be thanked by Parliament were refused by Hughes. Many, even to this day, spoke of Monash as having a “Chateau General” style, which conflicted with the romantic past vision of Commanders risking death
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John Monash was knighted by King George V in 1918
at the front, and a tendency for self-promotion. General Birdwood was lauded by Hughes and paraded as the hero. Lt Gen Sir Arthur Currie, the citizen General of the Canadians was promoted to full General rank in 1919. After being denied the rank in 1925 by Prime Minister Bruce, Monash had to wait until 1929. Though he may well have felt some humiliation during these post-war years, Monash continued to get on with his life and began, what Michael calls, his Soldiers Welfare period. Chairman of the Anzac Day Commemoration Council, and Deputy Chairman of the National War Memorial Committee of Victoria, he was always ready to provide ongoing support and regular orations on the fighting qualities and uniqueness of the Australian soldier.
At a remarkable 1924 Black Tie Anzac Day lunch at Melbourne Town Hall, attended by 700 dignitaries who were appalled by the official Snub of the Great Man, Monash was visibly moved by the speeches and, as usual, praised the qualities of the Diggers. From 1925 he led the Anzac Day march. In these post-war years, often called his nation building years, he was Chairman of the State Electricity Commission (SEC), Vice-Chancellor of The University of Melbourne, Founding member and President of the Rotary Club of Melbourne, President of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science, Vice-President of the Australian National Research Council, Board member of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, President of the Zionist Federation of Australia, Chairman of the Royal Commission into the Victorian Police Strike, on many Boards, including 31
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Hume Pipe Co, Atlas Insurance, National Portland Cement Co, Maria Island Land and Development Co and Melbourne Hotels Ltd (which owned the Windsor Hotel), and committed to many community service organisations. In one of the great letters on democracy he rejected the calls by The White Army and others to lead a rebellion against the democratically elected government: “… What do you and your friends want me to do? To lead a movement to upset the Constitution, oust the jurisdiction of Parliament, and usurp the governmental power? If so, I have no ambition to embark on High Treason, which any such action would amount to. What would you say if a similar proposal were made by the Communists and Socialists to seize political power for the benefit of the proletariat and the extinction of the bourgeoisie, as they have done in Russia? Would you not call that Revolution and Treason to the Crown and Constitution? Depend on it, the only hope for Australia is the ballot-box, and an educated electorate. You and your people should get busy and form an organization as efficient, as widespread, and as powerful as that of the Labor Party. If it be true that many people in Sydney are prepared to trust to my leadership, they should be prepared to trust my judgement.” We owe the Shrine of Remembrance to Monash who argued and fought most notably against Keith Murdoch and the RSSIL (RSL) not for a Napoleonic icon of Victory but for a sacred place to commemorate the Fallen. The script on the west wall was penned by him and he oversaw the construction, financing and design. Sadly, he missed the 1934 opening. In October 1931, aged 66 years, his heart gave out. 30% (300,000) of the total population of Melbourne lined the streets for his funeral procession.
Monash showed respect to everybody irrespective of their station in life - kings, presidents, prime ministers, office workers and construction labourers. Despite being humble, quietly spoken, complex, intellectual and of short stature (174cm), his self-assurance commanded a ‘presence’. Combined with an exhausting work ethic, legendary persuasive powers and a constant questioning to find a better way of doing things it is little wonder that his life was abundant in achievements. Robert Menzies stated: “Monash was the most articulate man I ever met.” Professor G S Browne noted: “What I liked about Sir John was that he was obviously a very great man, but he had the simplicity and kindliness of greatness. He was always gracious, he was very firm and he knew exactly what he wanted, but he was a man’s man with that simplicity and genuine kindness that endeared him to everyone.” We can all agree the debt of General Sir John Monash to his country was more than repaid in full. Has Australia repaid its debt to him and to those who fought under his command? The abundance of Monash branded places, scholarships, institutions such as Monash University and the Sir John Monash Centre near Villers-Bretonneux and so forth attest to the esteem he commands in the ethos of our nation. But still the nation waits for General Sir John Monash to be promoted to the rank of Honorary Field Marshal, that which was granted to General Birdwood in 1925. Reference 1. Serle, G. (1982) John Monash: a biography. Melbourne University Press. Pp. xv, 600. ISBN 10: 0522842399ISBN 13: 9780522842395
“Many nations have individuals who are deemed to have a special place in their history. People who stand apart. Australia has John Monash.” 32
M E M B E R S’ CO N T RIBUT IO N
Gerberas and Lemons 2004 — Marg Nicoll
Echuca Wharf on the Murray 2005 — Marg Nicoll
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A tiny act of love by Life Member Louis A Coutts
It was there, lonely but as large as life. A woman’s purse sitting by itself on a bench at the tram stop. My immediate reaction was that it was very personal and I shouldn’t touch someone else’s property and especially that of a woman. But she had lost it and if she was anything like me she would be cursing herself for being so stupid. I thought of handing it to the next tram driver but then I wondered if the owner would think of phoning the Tram’s lost property department. I pondered it apprehensively for a few minutes and then decided to pick it up. It was so strange opening up someone else’s purse like peering into her private life. The purse is such a personal thing. I couldn’t bring myself to look closely at the contents but noticed a lot of plastic cards and the top of a green card that I suspected might have been her driving license. I quickly closed the purse to save myself further embarrassment and put it in my pocket and went to a restaurant. I became agitated because I thought that there would be a credit card in the purse and the owner might cancel it if she didn’t recover it quickly. So I hurried my meal and went home. I opened the purse again and I can’t tell you how unpleasant it was to be prying into someone else’s private life. Then I saw a plastic card related to a government department with a 1300 number. I called it thinking that someone there might have the lady’s details but there was a message to ring back tomorrow morning at 8.00. I looked in the white pages online but there was no number for this person. I then took out the green card and discovered that it was her Medicare card. It was 9.00 pm. Medicare wouldn’t be open at that time but I gave it a go. There was an automated 34
answer offering multiple options to press different number but not any of those options was for someone calling it to report a lady’s missing purse. The automated voice then asked me “In a few short words tell me what you are calling about”. Now, not any of the options that could be accessed by a number on the key pad had any vague connection with my mission and when I shouted into the phone “lost purse” I was simply asked again why I was calling but they didn’t understand my answer and kept asking me the same stupid question. I thought “I have to get this purse out of my possession” and so I just pressed a number and was told how busy they were and perhaps it would be quicker if I went online. So I waited and finally a lady answered. I apologised for troubling her but explained that I was contacting Medicare in order to return a purse to one of its members. The immediate response was “I can’t give you any information about our members”. I explained that I didn’t want any information and simply wanted to know if Medicare could give a message to the lady whose purse I had found. There was a long silence. I am sure there is a first for everything and I have no doubt that this was the first time this lady had been asked to help the return of a lost purse to someone she had never heard of. Finally she asked “How can I do that?” I replied “I will give you my telephone number and name and would it be possible for you to contact the lady and ask her to phone me?” This was now well after nine in the evening and I was asking a public servant in this huge organisation to be my partner in returning a lost purse. After some misgivings, the lady took my number and name and said she would see what she could do.
M E M B E R S’ CO N T RIBUT IO N
When I hung up I had grave misgivings about this lady at Medicare doing anything. Miraculously, my phone rang five minutes later and within a half an hour I had returned the purse to a lovely young lady who was so grateful. I merely gave it to her and left. Afterwards, I cursed myself because the reason the story ended happily was that someone I had never heard of or had never heard of me in a busy call centre taking calls from people concerned about some health problem took time out to be a good Samaritan and do something
with absolutely no connection with her job. I didn’t think to tell the young lady that she owed the return of her purse to some good soul in Medicare and I can’t contact that unknown person to thank her. But it was a tiny act of love and it touched me. So thanks lady at Medicare for reminding me that the opportunity to perform tiny acts of love arise countless time during the day. You have made my world a little better.
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Extracurricular
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SCAMMERS ... AND HOW TO AVOID BEING CONNED
Many of our readers have contacted us in the past few months regarding spam emails that were sent to their Inbox so we hope this article will help them identify a scam email immediately.
sophisticated scammers are criminal syndicates and foreign governments looking for a way to subvert international sanctions and obtain money through cybercrime.
Many of us start a typical day by checking our phones to read emails, social media posts and the weather. Our phones are trusted devices which we use constantly throughout the day to communicate. But the trust we place in our phones, and the way we interact with the world, also makes it easy for scammers to target us.
The motivations of scammers ranges greatly, but can include:
Our evolutionary past also makes us susceptible to scams. Humans are curious social animals, which means we are more trusting than we should be. That’s especially the case when we’re dealing with people over the phone, email or via text messages, where we don’t have the normal body language cues we would subconsciously process when making decisions. We are also susceptible to fear and other psychological tools scammers use to create a sense of urgency that tricks us into making irrational decisions and taking action. Simply being aware that scams are out there is not enough to protect us from them. We may also need to change our behaviour. Who are these scammers and what do they want? Scammers come in all shapes and sizes. Some are individuals, others are gangs. The more
• stealing intellectual property • tricking you to install malicious software (to steal your data or hold you to ransom) • stealing your identity so they can pretend to be you and conduct fraud • tricking you to part with your hard earned cash • gaining control of your device to steal information at a later date or using your device to attack other people you know. What techniques are they using? Scammers are experts at social engineering and use a number of tricks to build rapport, credibility and trust with their targets. Modifying the caller identity (ID) is a simple way to build credibility by making a call or text message appear to come from an authority like the Australian Tax Office. The rise of cheap Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) providers and other online tools has made it even easier for anyone to exploit the phone systems and “spoof ” other numbers. 37
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In the VoIP phone system, the person initiating the call defines the caller ID seen by the receiver. This is the same for traditional phone systems, however the lower price of VoIP and ease at which the caller ID can be modified without any technical knowledge (via a simple web page) makes it faster and cheaper for scammers to cycle through a number of fake caller IDs in a single day. It also allows them to move to a new source number or VoIP provider very quickly, making it harder for telcos in Australia to block.
Remember, some scams are multi-step scams. The best thing you can do is to report the scam and tell your friends and family to be aware of the scam so they can modify their behaviours.
There are legitimate business reasons for allowing the caller ID to be modified, such as when companies operating call centres want all outbound phone calls from their staff to appear to originate from a single “help desk” phone number.
One of the first cons to flourish on the internet, the “Nigerian prince” scam, also known as the “419” scam (named for the section of Nigeria’s criminal code dealing with fraud), has an ignominious history that long predates the digital age. Its roots go back to a notorious 19th century swindle called the “Spanish Prisoner,” and the method of attack has progressed from letters and faxes to emails and social media.
Signs of a scam Ten common warning signs you are dealing with a scammer include the following: • being asked for password, PINs or other sensitive information • being told you are owed a refund • being told you have unpaid bills, unpaid fines from the police or a government department • being notified there is a problem with your email or bank account • being asked for urgent help • being congratulated on winning a competition (you didn’t enter) • being asked to click on a link or open a document • being sent an unexpected invoice to open • receiving a critical alert message with a link to click • receiving a tracking number and link for a delivery that you didn’t order. Some simple tips to avoid being conned Firstly, don’t click on any links, don’t respond to offers to opt-out or unsubscribe, don’t call return calls from numbers you don’t recognise and, most importantly, don’t give out personal information – even if you think it isn’t important. 38
Scams can be reported to various government agencies, such as Scam Watch, the Australian Cybercrime Online Reporting Network (ACORN) and, in some cases, the service provider – for example, the ATO, Telstra, AusPost and the banks. The famous Nigerian prince scam
What hasn’t changed is the premise: The scammer poses as a person of wealth and position who needs to get a huge sum of money out of their country and urgently requests your assistance, in return for a sizable share of the treasure. In the version that became apparent online in the 1990s, the supposed benefactor is a Nigerian royal whose fortune is hostage to war, corruption or political unrest. This desperate personage needs only your bank account number (to transfer the money for safekeeping) or a relatively small advance payment (to cover taxes, bank fees or well-placed bribes), or both. For your trouble, some of their millions will become your millions. Of course, if you bite, your Nigerian “partner” will drain your account dry or string you along for more and more fees, until you finally get wise! The article was originally published in The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/australians-lostmore-than-10-million-to-scammers-lastyear-follow-these-easy-tips-to-avoid-beingconned-109728
G R A D UAT E H O USE NEWS
Melba group
CHRISTMAS LUNCHES TAKEAWAY The Melba Group Christmas in July lunch event was to be held on Friday, 30th July. However this was rescheduled, fearing an extension to the snap lockdown in mid July. The organisers then decided to shift the luncheon to the next month — Friday, 6th August. Unfortunately, on Thursday, 5th August, the Victorian Government announced a 7-day lockdown from 8.00pm onwards, resulting in the luncheon being cancelled again.
Following that announcement, organiser Marg Sawyer contacted our hospitality manager, Mrs Rosie Ellul to arrange for Christmas lunches as takeaways. The prepared meals were picked up at 11.00am on Friday and delivered. We thank Marg Sawyer and the Melba group for their support and hoped they enjoyed their packed lunches of roast turkey, vegetables and plum pudding. We look forward to your next luncheon at Graduate House when we able to reopen.
Book your end of year Christmas party at Graduate House! We offer two options, The Christmas Summer BBQ menu and the Traditional Christmas menu. . More details on pages 42-43. 39
G U COL L EGI ATE
College Table F R I DAY, 1 7 T H SE P T E M B E R DR JENNIFER COLLER C ON SU LTA N T C A R DIOL O G I ST & DI R E C TOR
Dr Jennifer Coller is a caring and compassionate cardiologist and has a long history of managing patients with complex and interacting medical issues. She recognises that helping her patients understand their heart conditions is key to building trust and partnering with her patients to improve their heart health. After completing her Bachelor of Medicine/Surgery (MBBS) degree at the University of Melbourne (UoM) and Royal Melbourne Hospital (RMH) Clinical School, Jennifer attended her medical school elective placements in South India and Samoa. She then went to United Kingdom locuming in nine different emergency departments in England and Wales and gaining experience within the NHS system. On her return to Australia, she completed Training before embarking on her Advanced Cardiology Training at Eastern Health and then a Fellowship
of Echocardiography at St Vincent’s Hospital, followed by a PhD (UoM) in the field of heart failure screening and prevention with natriuretic peptides and echocardiography and completed the Diploma of Diagnostic Ultrasound during this period. Eleven years into her career, Jennifer continues to feel privileged to care for patients and their carers in often challenging times. Jennifer has been actively involved in research throughout her career, publishing in local and international peer reviewed journals. She acts as a regular reviewer for journals such as the Australian Journal of General Practice and the Internal Medical Journal of Australia. Jennifer is involved in cardiac education as a regular lecturer of medical students at the St Vincent’s Clinical School and developed lectures for the University of Melbourne during her time as Associate Dean.
12:00NOON arrival for 12:30PM start (Online: 1:00PM Please logon 12:55PM) Graduate House 220 Leicester Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053 Online Booking: https://www.graduatehouse.com.au/coming-events/college-table-by-dr-jennifer-coller/ Phone: (03) 9347 3428 Email: admingh@graduatehouse.com.au Dine in Pricing: Members $12, non-members $20, loyalty card holders $15 Virtual Attendance Pricing: Members $10, non-members $15
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Members’ Christmas Party
G U COLLEGIAT E
Friday, 10th December 2021 6:00pm arrival for a 6:30pm start Graduate House 220 Leicester Street, Carlton
Table service is 50/50
Entrée Prawn, mango and avocado salad (gf ) Herb crusted beef with dijon cream sauce (gf ) Pumpkin, feta and leek quiche (v) (vegetarian option)
Main Course Seasoned turkey breast with apricot and macadamia stuffing served with roasted root vegetables and gravy (gf ) (df ) Miso maple glazed salmon served with cauliflower mash and green beans (gf ) Butternut pumpkin lasagne with bechamel sauce (v) (vegetarian option)
Dessert Plum pudding with custard and brandy sauce (v) Mixed berry pavlova (gf ) (v) Summer fruit salad (v+) (gf ) (gf) gluten free (v) vegetarian (v+) vegan (df) dairy free
$20.00 Resident Members RSVP: Tuesday, 7th December 2021 E: admingh@graduatehouse.com.au $59.50 Non-resident members $70.00 non-members P: (03) 9347 3428 $61.50 non-member concession 41
PROMOTI O NS
Function Menu 2021 Traditional Christmas Set menu for lunch or dinner Table service is 50/50 drop Entrée Smoked salmon with prawns, horseradish cream & lime vinaigrette (gf) Peking duck salad (gf) (df) Braised mushroom with creamy polenta (gf) (v) (vegetarian option)
Main Course Seasoned turkey breast with apricot and macadamia stuffing served with roasted root vegetables, gravy and cranberry sauce (gf) (df)
Rib eye fillet steak seasoned with rosemary and garlic served with roasted baby chat potatoes and red wine gravy (gf)
Roasted vegetable stack with saganaki (v) (vegetarian option)
Dessert Plum pudding with custard brandy sauce (v) Mixed berry pavlova (gf) (v) Summer fruit salad (v+) (gf)
Two courses $59.50 per person | Three courses $70.00 per person (GF) GLUTEN FREE (V) VEGETARIAN (V+) VEGAN (DF) DAIRY FREE 42
PR O M OT IO NS
Christmas Summer Barbeque Menu Set Menu for Lunch or Dinner Available from 1st November Until 16th December 2021 In the Graduate House Courtyard Main Course Porterhouse steak (gf) (df) Lamb chops (gf) (df) Gourmet sausages Tandoori chicken tikka thighs (gf) Vegetarian burgers (v) Grilled summer vegetable platter (v+) (gf) Onions (v+) (gf) Selection of summer salads (v) (gf)
Dessert Blueberry pavlova (v) (gf) Fruit salad and cream (v) (gf)
$62.50 per person. Minimum 15 guests (GF) GLUTEN FREE (V) VEGETARIAN (V+) VEGAN (DF) DAIRY FREE 43
PROMOTI O NS
Graduate House Affordable and safe accommodation for patients, hospital visitors and medical staff — Melbourne CBD Need a place to stay while having, or recuperating from, specialist medical or surgical treatment? Visiting a loved one in hospital? Consider Graduate House. Graduate House:
Patients
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offers accommodation for patients, families, friends and carers;
Graduate House is suitable for: •
the period before full-stay admission;
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is affordable, safe and trusted with friendly, welcoming and genuinely caring professional staff;
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after discharge to recuperate and while arranging for transport home; and
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is suitable for those from regional Victoria, outer metropolitan Melbourne and interstate;
out-patient consultations and treatments (cancer therapy; day surgery; dialysis, dental, mental health, etc.).
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has variable stay durations, from one to a few nights or weeks;
Schemes that subsidise patient accommodation: •
Victoria: Ph: 1300 737 073 https://bit.ly/3cgdEKp
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is clean, with quiet rooms, and comfortable communal areas;
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has breakfast and weekday dinners included, and delicious, healthy food;
Tasmania: Ph: (03) 6222 8225 www.dhhs.tas.gov.au/hospital/ptas
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has car parking – secure and cheap with online booking/payment and contactless automatic car plate recognition; is within walking distance of the Royal Melbourne Hospital, the Royal Children’s Hospital, the Royal Women’s Hospital, the Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and St. Vincent’s Hospital; and
NSW: Ph: 1800 478 227 www.health.nsw.gov.au/transport
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South Australia: Ph: 1300 341 684 https://bit.ly/3l65NTZ
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Western Australia: http://bit.ly/3rJYeVq
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Northern Territory: http://bit.ly/3eDuUfo
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ACT: https://bit.ly/3etUzr5
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is a tram ride to the Epworth and Alfred Hospitals. Alison and Richard Harcourt sent thanks to Graduate House for the hospitality they received during a ‘respite’ stay. “We appreciate the courteous and helpful approach shown by all members of the staff. All the comfortable and well-equipped apartments that we occupied faced on to University Square. “Thank you, Graduate House.”
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Visitors and Hospital Staff Graduate House is suitable for: •
parents with children in hospital;
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families and friends supporting loved ones in hospital; and
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carers, allied health, medical and NDIS support staff.
To make a booking or for any enquiries, please go to: www.graduatehouse.com.au/medistays/ or contact us on +61 3 9347 3428 or admingh@graduatehouse.com.au.
PR O M OT IO NS
Pricing (per night) Single and double rooms (without kitchens) as well as self-contained apartments are available. Prices range from $125 to $185. *for Members, prices range from $105 to $155
Royal Children’s Hospital Royal Women’s Hospital
Royal Melbourne Hospital
The University of Melbourne
Comprehensive Cancer Centre Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
Epworth Hospital
Alfred Hospital
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PROMOTI O NS
Undergraduate and Graduate College The safest place to stay in Melbourne. Graduate House provides high quality college-like accommodation for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as for graduates of all universities, disciplines, backgrounds and life stages. We offer variable stay durations from just one night to weeks, months, semesters or years at a time
• Single room private bathroom
• Bed linen
• Double room private bathroom
• Weekly housekeeping
• Apartments with double room, separate lounge and private bathroom and laundry
• Wi-Fi
• Fully furnished studio apartments
• Short term accommodation – one night, a few weeks
• Utilities (electricity, gas, water) included in rent
• Long term accommodation – months, semesters, years
Barkly Place and Barry Street
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2021 A N N UAL APPEAL
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THE GRADUATE UNION of The University of Melbourne Inc.
220 Leicester Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia Telephone: +61 (0)3 9347 3428 Australian Business Number: 55 610 664 963 Incorporated Association Registration Number: A0023234B
WWW.GRADUATEHOUSE.COM.AU
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