8.6.
Abstract
The present study investigates the role of the orthogonal grid as an urban planning tool in certain European cities, designed this way from their origin. First of all, the causes of the appearance of the orthogonal grid are studied, and the way itself is presented as a means of development of the city from the beginning of the appearance of the urban phenomenon. Then, five European cities are presented, originally designed in an orthogonalgrid,correspondingtofive differenthistoricalperiods,startingfromthe ClassicalEraandendingwith the20th century.Achronologyis made,regardingthegenesisofeachcity,andthespatialcharacteristicsofeach city in relation to its grid system of development are examined, as well as the interaction of this system with the networks, the public buildings and the society of the city.
Through this research, certain questions are created and attempted to be answered. First of all, the main reasons for the foundation of each city are scrutinized, as well as the criteria for the selection of the orthogonal gridasanurbanplanningtoolineachhistoricalperiodandthepurposeitservedineachcasestudy Furthermore, it is investigated whether the orthogonal grid has remained unaltered in each urban structure, or whether it has undergone changes over the centuries. Its role in the planning of the road network is studied, as well as its dependence of the geomorphology of each region. In conclusion, it is examined whether the orthogonal grid is an intertemporal, flexible and easy manageable urban planning tool.
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