1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
12-14
1.5. Εφαρμογές της βιομίμησης......................................................σελ. 14-17
1.6.
1.7. Βιομιμητικά
19-20
1.8. Βιομιμητικός σχεδιασμός...........................................................σελ. 20-22
1.9. Επίπεδα βιομιμητισμού...............................................................σελ. 22-23
2.1. Εισαγωγή....................................................................................σελ. 26
2.2. Παραδείγματα σε
2.2.2.
2.3.
2.3.1.
2.4.
2.4.2.
μελλοντικών προβλημάτων.........................................σελ. 44-64
3.1. Εισαγωγή....................................................................................σελ. 44
3.2. Mobius Project..........................................................................σελ. 44-47
3.3. Coral Reef (Αϊτή)......................................................................σελ. 47-50
3.4. Asian Cairns (Σενζέν, Κίνα).......................................................σελ. 50-53
3.5. Zira Island (Αζερμπαϊτζάν).......................................................σελ. 53-59
3.6. The Biomimetic Office Building (Ζυρίχη, Ελβετία)..................σελ. 59-64 ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 4ο
4. Συμπεράσματα - Ρεαλιστική ή ουτοπική
68-76
4.1. Συμπεράσματα 1ου Κεφαλαίου................................................σελ. 68-70
4.2. Συμπεράσματα 2ου Κεφαλαίου................................................σελ. 70-73
4.3. Συμπεράσματα 3ου Κεφαλαίου................................................σελ. 73-76
ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 5ο
5. Βιβλιογραφία.................................................................................σελ. 78-88
5.1. Bιβλία...........................................................................................σελ. 78
5.2. Ερευνητικές εργασίες.................................................................σελ. 78-79
5.3. Διαδίκτυο.....................................................................................σελ. 79-84
5.4. Βίντεο...........................................................................................σελ. 84
5.5. Πηγές εικόνων............................................................................σελ. 85-88
Ο βιομιμητισμός ως ιδέα
χρονολογείται πολλούς αιώνες πριν. Βέβαια, ως ορολογία
καθιερώθηκε τη δεκαετία του 1960 και ύστερα. Παρόλα
αυτά, δείγματα της ιδέας αυτής, εντοπίζονται ακόμα
και στα αρχαία χρόνια. Αυτό
συμβαίνει, διότι οι άνθρωποι
Sagrada da Famillia.
Leon-
ardo Da Vinci (1452-1519)4,
Frank Lloyd Wright και ο Al
var Aalto καθιερώθηκαν
του 20ου αιώνα, ο Frank Lloyd Wright ήταν εκείνος ο οποίος εισήγαγε τον όρο
1.3. Ο ΒΙΟΜΙΜΗΤΙΣΜΟΣ
Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired
Martin Caidin
Schmitt
J. Steele,
την προώθηση της
αξίας της βιολογίας στις
ανάγκες.
9 Glossary of terms, Biomimicry Toolbox, Biomimicry Institute
•
Sheerang Chhatre,
Οι Architects Declare
Hadid
Le Corbusier
Jubilee
Church,
1.8.
που μετατρέπει την
που
μπορούσε να συμβάλει στην παροχή ενέργειας
ηλεκτρικά
1. η
2.
3.
1.
2.
4.
5.
17 BIOLOGICALLY INFORMED DISCIPLINES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIONICS, BIOMIMETICS, BIOMIMICRY, AND BIO-INSPIRATION AMONG OTHERS , A. Iougouina, J.W. Dawson, B. Hallgrimsson, G. Smart
Έπειτα από την ανάλυση του εισαγωγικού κεφαλαίου, θε-
2.2.1. GHERKIN TOWER
Στην πορεία του
αυτά τα κτίρια το ευρύτερο περιβάλλον και το αντίκτυ-
Τα έργα τα οποία θα αναλύ-
σουμε, λοιπόν, είναι: το κτίριο
Gherkin στο Λονδίνο, το κέ-
ντρο Esplanade στη Σιγκαπού-
ρη, το κέντρο Eastgate στη
Ζιμπάμπουε, το Eden Project
στην Κορνουάλη και το Sahara Forest Project στο Κατάρ.
Σε προηγούμενο κεφάλαιο
έγινε μια εκτενέστερη αναφορά
στα επίπεδα της βιομίμησης:
επίπεδο του οργανισμού,
επίπεδο της
21 Biomimetic Architecture: The Gherkin, Snaves, 2018, https://steemit. com/architecture/@snaves/biomimetic-architecture-the-gherkin
Gherkin.
22 Biomimetic Architecture: The Gherkin, Snaves, 2018, https://steemit. com/architecture/@snaves/biomimetic-architecture-the-gherkin
23 Biomimicry as an Alternative Approach to Sustainability, Halil Zafer Alibaba, 2018, https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/323573055_Biomimicry_as_ an_Alternative_Approach_to_Sustainabili-
2.2.2.
Gherkin
Michael Wilford & Partners
24 East Meets West on the Waterfront: Esplanade - Theatres on the Bay by Michael Wilford & Partners; DP Architects; Theatre Projects Consultants; and Artec Consultants, Kristen Richards, 2013, http:// www.archnewsnow.com/
•
•
2.3.1.
28 Eastgate, Mick Pearce, https:// www.mickpearce.com/Eastgate.html
ανέμου.
• Τα ανοίγματα χρειάζεται
να λειτουργούν ως φίλτρα
φωτός, ελέγχοντας την
αντανάκλαση, τον θόρυβο
και την ασφάλεια.29
Το κέντρο Eastgate φτάνει
στα επίπεδα ποσοστού 35% εξοικονόμησης ενέργειας και
δαπανών 10%,
βελτιώσεις του
2.4.1. EDEN PROJECT
Tim Smit30
29 Biomimicry as an Alternative Approach to Sustainability, Halil Zafer Alibaba, 2018, https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/323573055_Biomimicry_as_ an_Alternative_Approach_to_Sustainability
Grimshaw and Partners
συνθήκες και το δεύτερο
είναι το μεσογειακό, το οποίο
αντιστοίχως περιλαμβάνει
φύτευση μεσογειακού
κλίματος, διαμορφωμένο με τις
κατάλληλες συνθήκες. Επίσης,
περιλαμβάνει ένα υπαίθριο
βιοσύνολο, το οποίο έχει ως
θεματική τη βρετανική φύτευ-
ση, διαθέτοντας μια ποικιλία
από είδη βοτάνων και τσαγιού.
Τέλος, το Eden αποτελείται από
το κτίριο του πυρήνα, το κέντρο
επισκεπτών, το κτίριο του ιδρύματος και ένα
Η συντήρηση των φυτικών αναγκών
τρόπους. Το μεγαλύτερο μέρος του νερού, με το οποίο ποτίζονται
προμήθεια των εισιτηρίων,
33 Eden Project – Data, Photos & Plans, https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/ building/eden-project/
34 O Buckminster Fuller(1895-1983)
καπάκια Heineken, η επένδυση στην είσοδο αποτελείται
2.4.2. SAHARA FOREST
Το Sahara Forest Proj
εκτάσεων
Eden Project
Paton
Seawater Greenhouse.
νερό, προερχόμενο από τους μπροστινούς αποστακτήρες. Ο αποστακτήρας συμπυκνώνει
τον υγρό αέρα, μετατρέποντάς
τον σε νερό, κατάλληλο
37 Principles in Practice, Biomimicry in Architecture, Michael Pawlyn, London, RIBA Publications, 2016
νερού, παράγονται
καλλιέργειες.
38 Qatar, https://www.saharaforestproject.com/
της κατασκευής
κτιρίων, κυρίως
επίπεδο οργανισμού,
ευαισθητοποιήσει την
39 BIOMIMICRY IN ARCHITECTURE , MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE , Svetlana Normantovich, Ioana Leordean, Corso Marzo, Ex-Borletti Factory
3.2. MOBIUS PROJECT
Exploration Ar
Filipo Privatali
Mobius Project.
Mobius Project
Mobius Project.
Mobius Project.
•
•
•
41 Biomimetic Design, Jeannyffer Campos’s Research Blog, WordPress & Portfolio.
άποψης, το Mobius Project αποκαθιστά τη σχέση του ατόμου με το
περιβάλλον, δημιουργεί μία
αίσθηση κοινότητας και επανασύνδεσης με την τροφή, ενώ ταυτόχρονα ανταποκρίνεται στις απαιτήσεις των έργων
υποδομής αειφόρου διαβίω-
σης
μελλοντική διαμόρφωση
βιώσιμων γειτονιών μέσα
σε ήδη υπάρχουσες
3.3. CORAL REEF (ΑΪΤΗ)
για ιχθυοκαλλιέργειες, ενώ
ανακυκλώνουν
χρησιμοποιημένα
Το
πρωτότυπο έργο Coral Reef
3.4. ASIAN CAIRNS
Cairns Project.
1.
2.
3.
4.
7.
8.
3.5. ZIRA ISLAND
9. Μείωση των
10.
45 SUSTAINABLE FARMSCRAPERS FOR RURAL URBANITY, Vincent Callebaut Architectures Paris, Shenzhen,
Bjarke Ingels
Zira Island Mas
χώρα με ποικίλα μεταφορικά μέσα από
νερό, την ξηρά και τον αέρα. Συγκεκριμένα, θα υπάρξει σύνδεση με λεωφορεία, τα
οποία θα φεύγουν σε τακτά
χρονικά διαστήματα
Ταυτόχρονα, στο νησί ένα
δίκτυο ηλεκτροκίνητων
αυτοκινήτων
ξενοδοχεία και στις
μήκος ενός κεντρικού
πάρκου και δεν θα εκπέμπουν
ρυπογόνες
Master Plan
AYIDAGH
Εικόνα 73 Η κορυφή Savalan.
ενός σταθμού σκαφών και
μιας μαρίνας στους πρόποδες
του Kapaz, ενώ όλες οι βοηθη-
τικές λειτουργίες, όπως οι εγκα-
ταστάσεις στάθμευσης, θα
οργανωθούν παράλληλα με
τα υπόλοιπα έργα. Στη δεύτερη
φάση θα κατασκευαστούν οι
εγκαταστάσεις στα υπόλοιπα
έξι βουνά, ολοκληρώνοντας ταυτόχρονα τον σχεδιασμό
ILANDAGH
SHAHDAGH
KAPAZ
Ilandagh.
Εικόνα 74 Η κορυφή Ayidagh. Εικόνα 75
Εικόνα 76
Η
Shahdagh.
Εικόνα 77
Η κορυφή Kapaz.
Εικόνα 78
Η κορυφή Beshbarmaq.
BESHBARMAQ
Εικόνα 79
Η κορυφή Babadagh.
3.6. THE BIOMIMEΤIC OFFICE BUILDING
(Biomimetic Office Building
83
Spookfish.
84 Tα
Lithop.
Craig Knight
Pawlyn
δα-
Χρησιμοποιώντας
αυτο-καθαριζόμενα
υφάσματα, τα οποία έχουν μιμηθεί τις
Το Gherkin και το Espla-
Esplanade
Είναι
αλλά αντί αυτού χρησιμοποιήθηκε το κάλυμμα ETFE (συμπολυμερές
Το Coral Reef Project
• Benyus Janine (1997), Biomimicry - Innovation Inspired by Nature
• Butera Federico M. (2014), Sustainable Building Design for Tropical Climates, UNHabitat, Nairobi
• Cohen Yael H. & Reich Yoram (2016), Biomimetic Design Method for Innovation and Sustainability, Springer, Switzerland
• Green Architecture in China - Trends and Developments of Modern Sustainable Buildings, 2014 HI - Design International Publishing, China
• Gruber Petra (2010), Biomimetics in Architecture :architecture of life an buildings, Springer Wien New York
• KAROFI ABUBAKAR USMAN & ARC J.C. EZE (2015), INTEGRATION OF BIOMIMICRY PRINCIPLES AS A MEANS TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN OFFICE DESIGN, ABUJA, NIGERIA, Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology Minna
• Pawlyn Michael (2011), Biomimicry in Architecture, RIBA Publishing, London
• Song Sebastian (2017), CONTEMPORARY PARAMETRICISM AND BIOMIMICRY IN ARCHITECTURE, Melbourne School of Design
• Thompson D’Arcy Wentworth (1992), On Growth and Form, Cambridge University Press
• Virmani Sahil (2014), ARCHITECTURE AND NATURE, Vastu Kala Academy, New Delhi
• Vogel Steven (2013), Comparative Biomechanics: Life’s physical world, Princeton University Press, Second Edition
•
(2016),
• Bharati Pragya (2017), Biomimicry as a tool for sustainable architecture
• Bhatt J., Mistry N., Patel A. & Rai S., Biomimicry Design Inspiration from Nature
• Brading Annabelle J. (2016), Biomimicry: the answer to environmentally sustainable architecture?, Department of Architecture at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow
• Burnett Shelby (2017), Biophilic Design & Biomimicry
• Hussein Ateeb (2015), Biomimicry - Architecture learnt from the nature
• IOUGUINA A., DAWSON J.W., HALLGRIMSSON B. & SMART G. (2014), BIOLOGICALLY INFORMED DISCIPLINES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIONICS, BIOMIMETICS, BIOMIMICRY, AND BIOINSPIRATION AMONG OTHERS, Carleton University, Department of Biology, Canada
• Kavosh Mojan (2016), Dissertasion: ‘‘Architecture in the age of ecology’’, Newcastle University, England
• Maniar Anjali (2019), Biomimicry in architecture: A study of biomimetic designforsustainability,BMS College of Architecture, Bengaluru
• Maskowicz Katarzyna (2019), Is biomimicry a valuable design solution for sustainable architecture?
• Mazher Rafay (2007), Biomimicry in architecture: Nature as model, Measure & Mentor, Department of Architecture and Planning, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi Pakistan
• Nkandu Isabel Mwila, Halil Zafer Alibaba (2018), Biomimicry as an Alternative Approach to Sustainability, Department of Architecture, Eastern Mediterranean University, Mersin, Northern Cyprus
• Normantovich Svetlana & Leordean Ioana (2016), BIOMIMICRY IN ARCHITECTURE-MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE , Master of Architecture thesis University: Politecnico di Milano
• Nurbhai Rukaiya (2020), A PHILOSOPHICAL FOCALIZATION OF THE THEORIES AND PRACTICE OF BIOMIMICRY IN ARCHITECTURE, University of Kent, England
• Peka Ergys (2012), Biomimicry: The use of Biomimicry Principles to inform Architectural Design, University of LINCOLN, Lincoln School of Architecture, England
• Safronova Nadia (2017), Biomimicry in Architecture, Politecnico di Milano
• Sector Katelyn (2019), ‘‘Inspired by Nature - A Mutualistic architecture framework’’
• Titoto Silvia (2014), MODELS AND PROTOTYPES OF BIOMIMETIC DEVICES TO ARCHITECTURAL PURPOSES, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University Federal do ABC – Santo Andre, Brazil
• Ζαχάρης Γιάννης (2018), Growing Matter - From Assembly to Growth, Α.Π.Θ., Τμήμα Αρχιτεκτόνων Μηχανικών
• Κιρέτση Ελισάβετ (2019), Blueprints of Nature, Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλίας, Τμήμα Αρχιτεκτόνων Μηχανικών
• Κούλαλη
(2014),
•
(2014),
• 30 St Mary Axe|Offices and Headquarters| Foster + Partners, https://www. fosterandpartners.com/ projects/30-st-mary-axe/
• 2011, An undulating ecovillage for Haiti, https:// www.floornature.com/ blog/an-undulatingeco-village-forhaiti-6577/, FLOORNATURE ARCHITECTURE & SURFACES
• Architecture at Eden, https://www.edenproject. com/eden-story/behindthe-scenes/architectureat-eden
• Architecture & Building Design, https://www. esplanade.com/about-us/ architecture-and-buildingdesign
• Arnaud Isabelle (2018), Design innovation inspired by nature, https://issuu.com/ luminous.international. lighting.magazine/docs/ luminous-18-lighting-
magazine-2016-, Luminous, International Lighting Magazine
• ASIANCAIRNS:SUSTAINABLE FARMSCRAPERS FOR RURAL URBANITY, 2013, http://vincent.callebaut. org/object/130104_ asiancairns/asiancairns/ projects, Vincent Callebaut Architectures, SARL Paris
• AskNature Team (2016), Eastgate Centre, https:// asknature.org/idea/ eastgate-centre/
• AskNature Team (2016), Fog-Harvesting mesh, https://asknature.org/ idea/fog-harvesting-mesh/
• AskNature Team (2017), Self-repairing concrete, https://asknature.org/ idea/self-repairingconcrete/
• AskNature Team (2016), Sharklet Surface Texture, https://asknature.org/ idea/sharklet-surfacetexture/#.Wqgk-JPwaL4
• AskNature Team (2017), Shinkansen Train, https:// asknature.org/idea/ shinkansen-train/
• AskNature Team (2019), Skin reduces biofouling, https://asknature.org/ strategy/skin-reducesbiofouling/
• AskNature Team (2019), Surface allows selfcleaning, https://
asknature.org/strategy/ surface-allows-selfcleaning/
• Aziz Moheb Sabry, Amr Y. El sheriff (2015), Biomimicry as an approach for bioinspired structure with the aidofcomputation,https:// www.researchgate.net/ publication/284913393_ Biomimicry_as_an_ approach_for_bioinspired_structure_with_ the_aid_of_computation
• Bar-Cohen Yoseph (2005), Biomimetics:mimickingand inspired-by biology, https:// pdfs.semanticscholar. org/35c0/f5f1dd7795e5ba 607be73852b7f472092ec3. pdf, SPIE Smart Structures, Pasadena California
• Basulto David (2009), Zira Island Carbon Neutral MasterPlan/BIGArchitects, https://www.archdaily. com/12956/zira-islandcarbon-neutral-masterplan-big-architects , Archdaily site
• Bernett Allison (2015), Biomimicry, Bioutilization, Biomorphism: The Opportunities of Bioinspired Innovation, https://www. terrapinbrightgreen.com/ blog/2015/01/biomimicrybioutilization-biomorphism/
• Benyus Janine, A Biomimicry Primer, https:// biomimicry.net/b38files/A_ Biomimicry_Primer_Janine_ Benyus.pdf
• Biomimetic Office with Exploration Architecture, https://www.atelierten. com/projects/biomimeticoffice/, Atelier Ten magazine
• Biomimetics, https:// royalsocietypublishing. org/doi/pdf/10.1098/ rsta.2009.0026
• Biomimicry & The Biomimetic Office Building, 2016, https://blog. interface.com/biomimicrythe-biomimetic-officebuilding/, Interface magazine
• Brain Emma (2019), Architects Declare, https://www.thefulcrum. agency/2019/07/ architects-declare , The Fulcrum Agency, , Architectural consultancy
• Block India (2019), UK architects including Foster and Chipperfield declare climate and biodiversity emergency, https://www. dezeen.com/2019/05/30/ climate-emergencychipperfield-foster-zahahadid/, Dezeen Magazine
• Campos Jeannyffer, Biomimetic Design, https:// pages.stolaf.edu/bioarchitecture/2015/10/27/ the-mobius-project/ , WordPress & Portfolio.
• Chino Mike (2011), Norway and Jordan Sign Agreement to Make Sahara Forest Project Oasis
a Reality, https://inhabitat. com/norway-and-jordansign-agreement-to-makesahara-forest-projectoasis-a-reality/2/
• Coral Reef – Matrix for the Construction of 1000 Passive Houses in Haiti / V. Callebaut, 2011, http://www.evolo.us/ coral-reef-matrix-forthe-construction-of1000-prefabricatedpassive-houses-in-haitiv-callebaut/, eVolo Magazine
• CORAL REEF, 2011, http://vincent.callebaut. org/object/110211_ coral/coral/projects , VINCENT CALLEBAUT ARCHITECTURES, PARIS
• Crook Lizzie (2019), ‘‘We fooled ourselves that sustainability was getting us where we needed to go’’ says Michael Pawlyn of Architects Declare, https://www. dezeen.com/2019/10/07/ michael-pawlynarchitects-declareinterview-regenerativearchitecture/, Dezeen Magazine
• Davidson Emily A. (2009), The Gherkin and the Swiss Re Tower in London, https://www.trendhunter. com/trends/gherkin-likesea-sponge
• DeLuca Denise (2014), , Bio-inspired Buzzwords:Bio-
mimicry and Biomimetics, http://businessinspiredbynature.com/bio-inspired-buzzwords-biomimicry-biomimetics/
• Detanico Flora Bittencourt, Biomimicry: Human Creation Inspired by Nature, https://library. acropolis.org/biomimicry-human-creation-inspired-by-nature/
• Dewolf Christopher (2015), Learning from nature, http://www.cladglobal. com/architecture_design_ features?codeid=29663 , CLADfeatures, Cladma
• Dr.Gehan.A.N.Radwana & Arch. Nouran Osama (2016), BIOMIMICRY, AN APPROACH, FOR ENERGY EFFECIENT BUILDING SKIN DESIGN, https:// www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/ S1878029616300391
• Eastgate Building Harare, https://www.mickpearce. com/Eastgate.html
• Eastgate Development Harare Zimbabwe, https://web.archive.org/ web/20041114141220/ http://www.arup.com/feature.cfm?pageid=292
• Eden Project, Data, Photos & Plans, https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/ eden-project/
• Esplanade Complex –
Data, Photos & Plans, https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/esplanade-complex/
• Esplanade – Theaters on Bay, https://dpa.com.sg/ projects/esplanadetheatresonthebay/
• Etherington Rose (2009), Zira Island masterplan by BIG, https://www.dezeen. com/2009/01/30/zira-island-masterplan-by-big/ , Dezeen magazine
• Exploration Architects site, http://www.exploration-architecture.com/ projects/biomimetic-office-building
• Fehrenbacher Jill (2012), BIOMIMETIC ARCHITECTURE: Green Buildings in Zimbabwe Modeled after Termite Mounds, https://inhabitat.com/ building-modelled-on-termites-eastgate-centre-in-zimbabwe/
• Frearson Amy (2013), Asian Cairns by Vincent Callebaut, https://www.dezeen. com/2013/03/21/asiancairns-by-vincent-callebaut/, Dezeen Magazine
• Gherkin London, http:// www.30stmaryaxe.com/
• Glossary of Terms – Biomimicry Toolbox, https://toolbox.biomimicry.org/references/glossary/
• History, https://www.saharaforestproject.com/history/
• Holding Avrositi, ZIRA ISLAND: Central Asia’s first carbon neutral master plan in Baku, Azerbaijan, http://www.ziraisland. com/downloads/Mipim_ brochure.pdf Pdf, Ramboll
• How we built the Core, https://www.edenproject. com/eden-story/behindthe-scenes/how-we-builtthe-core
• International Water Association, Sahara Forest Project – Re-vegetation and creation of green jobs through food, freshwater, biofuel and electricity production, https://iwa-network.org/wp-content/ uploads/2015/12/Case_ 20study_Sahara_20Forest_20Project.pdf
• Introduction – Biomimicry Toolbox, https://toolbox. biomimicry.org/introduction/
• Introduction to Sustainable Development for Engineering and Built Environment Professionals, Pdf, https://cms.qut.edu. au/__data/assets/pdf_ file/0005/549905/ISD_Lecture-7.pdf
• Iouguina Alëna (2012), Bionics ≠ Biomimetics ≠ Biomimicry, https://biol-
ogytodesign.wordpress. com/2012/05/08/design-biology-linguistics/, Biology to Design
• Jordan, https://www.saharaforestproject.com/jordan/
• Labbé Fred & Winslow Pete, The Biomimetic Office Building, https://expedition.uk.com/projects/ biomimetic-office/, Expedition site
• Langmuir Molly (2019), Neri Oxman Has All the Answers, https://www.elle. com/culture/a28646115/ neri-oxman-interview/, Elle magazine
• Massey Jonathan, Risk Design, http://we-aggregate. org/piece/risk-design
• McKeag Tom (2009), How Termites inspired Mick Pearce’s Buildings, https:// www.greenbiz.com/ blog/2009/09/02/how-termites-inspired-mick-pearces-green-buildings
• Menocal Garcia (2013), Vincent Callebaut Architectures: Asian Cairns, https://www.designboom. com/architecture/vincent-callebaut-architectures-asian-cairns-shenzen-china/, Designboom
• Meinhold Bridgette (2013), Vincent Callebaut Unveils Stacked Pebble-Inspired Eco-Farm-
scrapers for Shenzhen, https://inhabitat.com/ vincent-callebaut-unveils-stacked-pebble-inspired-eco-farmscrapers-for-shenzen/, Inhabitat magazine
• Monks Kieron (2016), How to grow vegetables in Sahara, https://edition.cnn. com/2016/03/16/africa/ sahara-forest-project-tunisia-feat/index.html
• Murray-White James (2010), Green Architect, Designer of the Eden Project: A Case study, http:// www.sustainablebuild. co.uk/designer-eden-project-case-study.html
• NATURE IS A DESIGN TOOL, 2014, https://materialdistrict.com/article/nature-isa-design-tool/, MATERIAL DISTRICT MAGAZINE
• Oppenheim Leonora (2011), Incredible Sahara Forest Project Moves From Concept To Reality With Major Development Ideas, https://www.treehugger. com/sustainable-product-design/incredible-sahara-forest-project-moves-from-concept-to-reality-with-major-development-deal.html
• Qatar, https://www.saharaforestproject.com/qatar/
• Richards Kristen (2003), East
Meets West on the Waterfront: Esplanade - Theatres on the Bay by Michael Wilford & Partners; DP Architects; Theatre Projects Consultants; and Artec Consultants, http://www. archnewsnow.com/features/Feature101.htm
• Riemann Lars Ostenfeld, Zira Island Master Plan, https://ramboll.com/projects/group/zirazeroisland, Ramboll
• Ryan Audrey (2015), Bioinspiration in Structures, https://somfoundation. som.com/repository/files/ submissions/audrey.ryan_. portfolio.pdf
• Sahara Forest Project, http://annamariaorru. com/filter/biomimicry/Sahara-Forest-Project
• Schreiner Wyatt, Biomimicry: A History, https://ehistory.osu.edu/exhibitions/biomimicry-a-history
• Schumacher College, https://www.schumachercollege.org.uk/teachers/ julian-vincent
• Snaves (2018), Biomimetic Architecture: The Gherkin, https://steemit.com/ architecture/@snaves/ biomimetic-architecture-the-gherkin
• Sustainable construction at Eden, https://www.edenproject.com/eden-story/
behind-the-scenes/sustainable-construction-at-eden
• The Biomimicry Institute – Examples of nature-inspired sustainable design, https://biomimicry.org/biomimicry-examples/
• The Biomimicry Institute –Inspiring Sustainable Innovation, https://biomimicry. org/
• The Eden Project: the Biomes – Grimshaw Architects, https://grimshaw. global/projects/the-edenproject-the-biomes/
• The Eden Project: The Foundation Building – Grimshaw Architects, https://grimshaw.global/projects/theeden-project-the-foundation-building/
• The Gherkin – Famous buildings and Architecture of London, http://www. designbookmag.com/ thegerkin.htm
• Trebou Hannah (2019), The Mobius Project, http://htrebour.blog.stab. org/2019/02/08/the-mobius-project/, On the Basis of Biomimicry
• TFC Automated Invention for Smart Industries, https:// tfc2018.fr/our-speaker/professor-julian-vincent/
• Vincent Callebaut’s Coral Village For Haiti, 2011, https://www.
huffpost.com/entry/ vincent-callebaut-coral-village_n_824061?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_ referrer_sig=AQAAAEm_ mJvj7jZbdx3iUlCG6Bo7odMCHwZXAT-gdEOPfghiMrlfeI_d95iSR9dxXEqVCX_ KY6yZBYpWRf6kc4CDVphgXCnYyIL2Ik3PpOoGqT8xcHrhn-elULQ6Cp-Fzzdnt30JFmVjRwh3cduvjj_VRewo5L68bW97OSNBnGQf-uvR, HUFFPOST MAGAZINE
• Wainwright Oliver (2014), Will the buildings of the future be grown underwater?, https://www. theguardian.com/artanddesign/architecture-design-blog/2014/feb/17/ buildings-future-underwater-nature-architecture-michael-pawlyn-exhibition , Architecture and design blog
• What is Biomimicry – Biomicry 3.8, https://biomimicry.net/what-is-biomimicry/
• What is Biomimicry?, http://environment-ecology.com/biomimicry-bioneers/367-what-is-biomimicry.html, ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY
• Wikipedia , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neri_Oxman
• Wikipedia, https://en.wiki-
pedia.org/wiki/Michael_ Pawlyn
• Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Vogel
• Wilcock Naomi (2013), Farming in the sky:Sustainable ‘farmscrapers’ for Shenzhen unveiled by Vincent Callebaut Architects, https://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/article/1512532/farming-sky , WORLD ARCHITECTURE NEWS
• Wiley Online Library (2009), Biomimetic Patterns in Architectural Design, https:// onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ doi/abs/10.1002/ad.982#
• Zari Maibritt Pedersen (2007), An ecosystem based biomimetic theory for a regenerative built environment, https://www. researchgate.net/publication/261477552_An_ecosystem_based_biomimetic_theory_for_a_regenerative_built_environment
• Zari Maibritt Pedersen (2010), Biomimetic design for climate change adaptation and mitigation, https://www. researchgate.net/publication/323576624_Biomimetic_Materials_for_Addressing_Climate_Change
• Μπούρμπος Βαγγέλης (2017), Ο
http://www.haniotika-nea. gr/o-viomimitismos-elpida-prostasias-tou-planiti/ , Κρήτη
• Πετρίδου Κυριακή (2017), Βιομιμητισμός (Biomimicry) – Μαθαίνοντας από τη φύση, http://www.teetkm.gr/biomimicry-innovation-inspired-by-nature/ , TEE/TKM, Ελλάδα
www.youtube.com/ watch?v=iznqE-TI8O4
• Innovation Through Biodesign: William Myers at TEDxCroningen, https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=JTMXhb00Mi0
• Janine Benyus: Biomimicry in Action, https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=k_ GFq12w5WU
• BETTR: The Biomimetic Office Building, https://vimeo. com/111462063?fbclid=IwAR191uH0ZO1BALw8ZXPkIFRsn3HiwQjRAsKZxJkf3Kq5XCVyVPKaSGQcqUU
• Bio-Inspired Design|Neri Oxman, https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=nAA0DfAdiIU&t=5s
• Biomimicry, https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=sf4oW8OtaPY
• Designing with Nature: The Biomimetic Office Building, https:// vimeo.com/86659369?fbclid=IwAR2ihandRN-6swslP4q9eYZXMFPilCFgi8otZKy9pXUWRL3p1bkclKPa60U
• Eastgate Mall, https:// www.youtube.com/ watch?v=VIKYjriWgiY
• Eden Project, https://
• Michael Pawlyn: Using nature’s genius|TED Talk, https://www.ted.com/ talks/michael_pawlyn_using_nature_s_genius_in_architecture/transcript
• Sahara Forest Project: From Vision to Reality, https:// www.youtube.com/ watch?v=3aZ8E7hj8VU
• See How Termites Inspired a Building That Can Cool Itself|Decoder, https:// www.youtube.com/ watch?v=620omdSZzBs
• The Eden Project, https:// www.youtube.com/ watch?v=wuOjoU27wx4
• Zira Island (Nargin) Project (Baku Bay, Azerbaijan), https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=ef5HksFDh9E&fbclid=IwAR0eyNOdUn89x_FCxY9OpB4bmOOlBGCGpt_RXOYYS7oLyNFUToS1QcfBX58
•
B+U Architects https://www.archdaily. com/324366/bus-housing-tower-rethinks-window-dna/51101ed9b3fc4b534e00001b-bus-housing-tower-rethinks-window-dna-image?next_project=no&fbclid=IwAR2PIWd4iKa6LvtvsU6hewD02T0bjYgq7DyJlkTyNmTDQalAflm-R_qsiS
• Εικόνα
https://www. flickr.com/photos/wielandschmidt/9078091192/in/album-72157634193623617/
• Εικόνα 1: https://ehistory. osu.edu/exhibitions/biomimicry-a-history
• Εικόνα 2: https:// time.com/3629042/ wright-brothers/
• Εικόνα 3: https://www.psychology.gr/istoria-psyxologias/4424-charles-darwin. html
• Εικόνα 4: https://lbc.gr/ipiresies/eisitiria/sagrada-familia-ticket/
• Εικόνα 5: https://www. dezeen.com/2017/06/07/ fallingwater-frank-lloydwright-pennsylvaniahouse-usa-150th-birthday/
• Εικόνα 6: https://www.livingcircular.veolia.com/en/ inspirations/janine-beny -
us-naturally-inspired
• Εικόνα 7: https:// gr.pinterest.com/ pin/152911349820707981/
• Εικόνα 8: https://www.fayerwayer.com/2011/03/elorigen-de-el-velcro/
• Εικόνα 9: https://asknature. org/strategy/surface-allows-self-cleaning/
• Εικόνα 10: https://www. researchgate.net/figure/ DaimlerChryslers-prototype-bionic-car-D-inspiredby-the-box-fish-A-skeleton_ fig5_282048866
• Εικόνα 11: https://www. oreilly.com/content/whathappens-when-you-combine-a-kingfisher-and-abullet-train-innovation/
• Εικόνα 12: https://www. prnewswire.com/news-releases/sappi-north-america-announces-neoterixst-the-first-commercial-casting-and-release-paper-with-sharklet-bacteria-inhibition-technology-300325590.html
• Εικόνα 13: https://www. mnn.com/earth-matters/ wilderness-resources/ photos/7-amazing-examples-of-biomimicry/ bug-water-collection
• Εικόνα 14: https://www. enikos.gr/specials/145305/ anthropogenis-i-klimatiki-allagi
• Εικόνα 15: https://
www.precht.at/toronto-tree-tower/
• Εικόνα 16: https://archello.com/project/jubilee-church
• Εικόνα 17: https://www. pca-stream.com/en/articles/material-ecology-19
• Εικόνα 18: http://www. mentality10.com/ matrix-1984-category/kosmos-category/ item/367-ti-einai-i-akolouthia-fibonacci-ston-kodika-da-vinci
• Εικόνα 19: http://www.railsystem.net/cut-and-cover/
• Εικόνα 20: http://tkm.tee. gr/afierwma-tou-mhna/ biomimicry-innovation-inspired-by-nature/
• Εικόνα εξώφυλλου
κεφαλαίου: Άποψη εσωτερικά
στο Eden Project, https:// brookschurch.com/biomimicry-eden-project/
• Εικόνα 21: https://www.fosterandpartners.com/
• Εικόνα 22: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus%27_ flower_basket
• Εικόνα 23: https://www. buildingthegherkin.com/ press/
• Εικόνα 24: http://aw-are. com/risk/
• Εικόνα 25: https://www. archdaily.com/
• Εικόνα 26: https://www.fos-
terandpartners.com/
• Εικόνα 27: https://www.esplanade.com/
• Εικόνα 28: http://www. archnewsnow.com/
• Εικόνα 29: https://dpa. com.sg/
• Εικόνα 30: https://www.esplanade.com/
• Εικόνα 31: http://www. archnewsnow.com/
• Εικόνα 32: https://www.esplanade.com/venue-hire/ concert-hall
• Εικόνα 33: https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/File:Zimbabwe_Harare_Eastgate_ Shopping_Mall.jpg
• Εικόνα 34: https://www. livinspaces.net/ls-tv/ watch-how-the-eastgate-center-in-zimbabwecools-itself-without-air-conditioning/attachment/ eastgate-center_001_ mick-pearce/
• Εικόνα 35: https://www. researchgate.net/publication/323573055_Biomimicry_as_an_Alternative_Approach_to_Sustainability
• Εικόνα 36: https://www. crowdfunder.co.uk/edenproject-bond-2
• Εικόνα 37: https://www. flickr.com/photos/ sheeprus/43893731034
• Εικόνα 38: http://nsccreative.com/projects/mis -
sion-to-mars-eden-project/ eden-project/
• Εικόνα 39: https://grimshaw.global/
• Εικόνα 40: https://www. edenproject.com/
• Εικόνα 41: https://grimshaw.global/
• Εικόνα 42: https://www.saharaforestproject.com/
• Εικόνα 43: https://www. smithsonianmag.com/ innovation/norwegian-company-transforming-deserts-into-farmland-180954486/
• Εικόνα 44: https://www.saharaforestproject.com/
• Εικόνα 45: https://www.saharaforestproject.com/
• Εικόνα 46: https://www. saharaforestproject.com/ jordan/
• Εικόνα εξώφυλλου τρίτου κεφαλαίου: Οικολογική
τον Vincent Callebaut, https://www. archdaily.com/782603/ vincent-callebauts-hyperions-eco-neighborhood-produces-energy-in-india
• Εικόνα 47: Pawlyn, Michael, Biomimicry in Architecture, Riba Publishing, 2016
• Εικόνα 48: Architecture in the age of ecology;
Towards a practice of a new environmental synthesis, Mojan Kavosh, 2016
• Εικόνα 49: http://htrebour. blog.stab.org/2019/02/08/ the-mobius-project/
• Εικόνα 50: https://www.arch2o.com/coral-reef-vincent-callebaut-architecture/
• Εικόνα 51: http://vincent.callebaut.org/object/110211_coral/coral/ projects
• Εικόνα 52: https://www.arch2o.com/coral-reef-vincent-callebaut-architecture/
• Εικόνα 53: https://www.arch2o.com/coral-reef-vincent-callebaut-architecture/
• Εικόνα 54: http://www. evolo.us/coral-reef-matrix-for-the-construction-of1000-prefabricated-passive-houses-in-haiti-v-callebaut/
• Εικόνα 55: https:// www.pinterest.es/ pin/763219468079126015/
• Εικόνα 56: https://www.arch2o.com/coral-reef-vincent-callebaut-architecture/
• Εικόνα 57: https://inhabitat.com/vincent-callebaut-unveils-coral-inspired-carbon-neutral-eco-village-for-haiti/ vincent-callebaut-cor -
al-14/
• Εικόνα 58: https://www.arch2o.com/coral-reef-vincent-callebaut-architecture/
• Εικόνα 59: https:// www.designboom. com/architecture/vincent-callebaut-architectures-asian-cairns-shenzen-china/
• Εικόνα 60: https:// www.designboom. com/architecture/vincent-callebaut-architectures-asian-cairns-shenzen-china/
• Εικόνα 61: https:// www.designboom. com/achitecture/vincent-callebaut-architectures-asian-cairns-shenzen-china
• Εικόνα 62: https://www. designboom.com/ architecture/vincentcallebaut-architecturesasian-cairns-shenzenchina/
• Εικόνα 63: https:// www.designboom. com/architecture/vincent-callebaut-architectures-asian-cairns-shenzen-china/
• Εικόνα 64: https://www. designboom.com/ architecture/vincentcallebaut-architecturesasian-cairns-shenzenchina/
• Εικόνα 65: https:// www.designboom. com/architecture/vincent-callebaut-architectures-asian-cairns-shenzen-china/
• Εικόνα 66: https://www. arch2o.com/zira-island-carbon-neutral-master-plan-big-architects/
• Εικόνα 67: https://www. archdaily.com/12956/ zira-island-carbon-neutral-master-plan-big-architects/176729766_ziraisland-big-ramboll-fromthe-waterfront-of-baku-zira-island-will-appear-asconcentrated-azerbaijani-landscape-rather-thanjust-another-urban-skyline?next_project=no
• Εικόνα 68: https://www. archdaily.mx/mx/0227949/zira-zero-island-masterplan-big/print-3?next_ project=no
• Εικόνα 69: https://www. arch2o.com/zira-island-carbon-neutral-master-plan-big-architects/
• Εικόνα 70: https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=PP1VeBFMdwc
• Εικόνα 71: https://www. arch2o.com/zira-island-carbon-neutral-master-plan-big-architects/
• Εικόνα 72: https://www. arch2o.com/zira-island-carbon-neutral-master-plan-big-architects
• Εικόνα 73: https://images. lib.ncsu.edu/luna/servlet/ view/all/when/Contemporary?widgetFormat=javascript&os=3550&widgetType=thumbnail&showAll=who&embedded=true&cic=NCSULIB~1~1,NCSULIB~2~2&res=2
• Εικόνα 74: https://www. arch2o.com/zira-island-carbon-neutral-master-plan-big-architects/
• Εικόνα 75: https://arcspace.com/feature/zira-island-master-plan/
• Εικόνα 76: https://arcspace.com/feature/zira-island-master-plan/
• Εικόνα 77: https://images. lib.ncsu.edu/luna/servlet/ view/all/when/Contemporary?widgetFormat=javascript&os=3550&widgetType=thumbnail&showAll=who&embedded=true&cic=NCSULIB~1~1,NCSULIB~2~2&res=2
• Εικόνα 78: http://www. zoom96.mx/zira-island-project-english-6316/
• Εικόνα 79: https://images. lib.ncsu.edu/luna/servlet/ view/all/when/Contemporary?widgetFormat=javascript&os=3550&widgetType=thumbnail&showAll=who&embedded=true&cic=NCSULIB~1~1,NCSULIB~2~2&res=2
•
Εικόνα 80: https://www. theguardian.com/artanddesign/architecture-design-blog/2014/feb/17/ buildings-future-underwater-nature-architecture-michael-pawlyn-exhibition
• Εικόνα 81: https://www.iconeye.com/architecture/ features/item/10585-future-50-michael-pawlyn
•
•
Εικόνα 82: https://expedition.uk.com/projects/biomimetic-office/
Εικόνα 83: https://xraymag.com/content/spookfish-has-mirrors-eyes
• Εικόνα 84: http://www. llifle.com/Encyclopedia/ SUCCULENTS/Family/Aizoaceae/13128/Lithops_ pseudotruncatella
•
Εικόνα 85: https://www. atelierten.com/projects/ biomimetic-office/
• Εικόνα 86: https://www. atelierten.com/projects/ biomimetic-office/
• Εικόνα 87: https://www. atelierten.com/projects/ biomimetic-office/
•
http://theslowpace.com/2013/04/17/ geometry-and-architecture/#comments