Architecture has been used as a means of oppression and displaying power for centuries, leaving behind works that next generations are called to deal with. A recent historical example is that of the architectural remains of fascism and nazism. This research thesis focuses on the ways these remains were dealt with by the democratic governments of Italy and Germany after World War II. Initially, we researched the architecture of that era, the ways it was used as a tool by the regimes and how the buildings became vessels of ideology. Next, we approach the theoretical progress of the academic circles of both countries on the subject and interpret them through the concepts of collective memory and oblivion. Lastly, by looking at specific case studies we see different uses that certain buildings have been given till today. It becomes apparent that the buildings were closely linked to the regimes and were stigmatized by that, leading to hesitance in the way the democratic societies received them. The comparison between the two countries leads to interesting differences in how they dealt with history and raises questions on the ways the buildings and also the emblems of the regimes, are preserved. Even though the process of actively recognizing the history the works of the regimes carry, is still in progress, in many cases, can be reinterpreted and reintroduced into the democratic societies. With the right interventions they can even become opportunities for reviewing the past on a daily basis.
2.2.1
3.1.2
3.1.4
3.1.5
3.1.6
Casa della madre e del bambino
(1935)
Casa del fascio (
Palazzo Terragni)
3.1.7 Palazzo degli Uffici Finanziari (πρώην
3.2.1 Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana
3.2.2 Banana
3.2.3 Zeppelinfeld
2 Ventennio (εικοσαετία)
Cianfarani
Francesco, Chapter 2: The fascist legacy in the built environment. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge,
, 2020
4 Cianfarani Francesco, Chapter 2: The fascist legacy in the built environment Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
5
Cianfarani Francesco, Chapter 2: The fascist legacy in the built environment Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020 6Cianfarani Francesco, Chapter 2: The fascist legacy in the built environment Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
Via dell
Piazza Venezia
( Imago Mundi, Vol. 51 (1999))
1935: Accademici, Novecento
Giovanni Muzio, ο Giuseppe De Finetti, ο Emilio Lancia, ο Paolo Mezzanotte, ο Giò Ponti,
ο Piero Portaluppi.9
Gruppo
Carlo
Enrico Rava, Luigi Figini, Guido Frette, Sebastiano Larco Silva, Gino Pollini, Giuseppe Terragni, και Adalberto Libera10. Το Gruppo 7
Accademici
Novecento.
7 Cianfarani Francesco, Chapter 2: The fascist legacy in the built environment. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
8 Cianfarani Francesco, Chapter 2: The fascist legacy in the built environment. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
9 Fuller Mia, Chapter 20: Figures and frameworks, Introduction Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
10 Fuller Mia, Chapter 20: Figures and frameworks, Introduction Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
11 Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Chapter 1: The afterlives of fascism Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
12 Το 1928, το Gruppo 7
«Movimento Italiano per l’Architettura Razionale» (MIAR)
14 Bardi Pietro
15 H «autarchia
.:Bodenschatz Harald, Chapter 3: Urbanism, architecture, and dictatorship: Memory in transition. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
EUR (Esposizione Universale di Roma
Marcello Piacentini,
Ernesto
Giuseppe
Padula
16 Frampton Kenneth,
17 Fuller Mia, Chapter 20: Figures and frameworks: Introduction. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy,
. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge,
2009
19Loncar Jelena, F is for … fluctuating symbolism: The Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana and its shifting meaning. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
20 Frampton Kenneth,
21 Ben Ghiat Ruth, Why are there so Many Fascist Monuments Still Standing in Italy? , The New Yorker,
, 05/10/2017
22 Cianfarani Francesco, Chapter 2: The fascist legacy in the built environment. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge,
, 2020
23 Cianfarani Francesco, Chapter 2: The fascist legacy in the built environment Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
24 Cianfarani Francesco, Chapter 2: The fascist legacy in the built environment Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
25 Cianfarani Francesco, Chapter 2: The fascist legacy in the built environment Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
Fascio
26 Cianfarani Francesco, Chapter 2: The fascist legacy in the built environment. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge,
, 2020
27 Frampton Kenneth,
, 2009
dell
Agro Pontino
Sabaudia
28 Στα Ιταλικά: «Il fascismo è una casa di vetro». Cianfarani Francesco, Chapter 2: The fascist legacy in the built environment Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
29 Cianfarani Francesco, Chapter 2: The fascist legacy in the built environment Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
30 Από το 1932, χτίστηκαν
:
Littoria (1932), η Sabaudia (1934), η Pontinia (1935), η Aprilia (1937), και η Pomezia (1939). Βλ.: Cianfarani Francesco, Chapter 2: The fascist legacy in the built environment Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
(Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, NSDAP),
Gastón, Nazi Architecture As Affective Weapon, Worldwide Architecture, 02/02/2014]
Archetype, 2019
Archetype, 2019
36 Frampton Kenneth,
37 Speer Albert, Inside the Third Reich
Paul Ludwig Troost
Schinkel (Schinkelschuler
Albert Speer
Winston Clara, Winston Richard, Phoenix,
, 1995, σελ.96
38
: Speer Albert, Inside the Third Reich, Orion Publishing Co, Λονδίνο, 1995, σελ. 43]
39 Speer Albert, Inside the Third Reich, Orion Publishing Co, Λονδίνο, 1995
40 Fernández-Galiano Luis, Albert Speer_ Light and Darkness, Arquitectura Viva, 30/04/2006,
41 Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016, σελ.166
: Speer Albert, Inside the Third Reich,
Winston Clara, Winston Richard, Phoenix,
, 1995,
. 78]
43 Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016,
As Affective Weapon, Worldwide Architecture, 02/02/2014]
Archetype, 30/09/2019]
47 Reinier de Graaf, Neufert: The Exceptional Pursuit of the Norm, ArchDaily, 30/10/2017
49
50 Ο Richard Walther Darré (1895 - 1953)
51
acknowledge one nobility, that of labour»)
Winston Clara, Winston Richard, Phoenix,
Speer Albert, Inside the Third
Heimatstil
Schultze-Naumburg.
58
Gottbegnadeten. Η Gottbegnadeten-Liste
Το Ordensburg Krössinsee (ή Crössinsee) ήταν η
60 Halbwacks
64
65
68
69 Le Goff Jacques,
70
71Le Goff Jacques,
2.2.1
Zevi
75 Pilat Stephanie, Chapter 5: Section 1 Global capital, Introduction. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture, επιμ. Jones Kay Bea, Pilat Stephanie, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
76
Paolo Portoghesi
Luca Arcangeli, The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture, επιμ. Jones Kay Bea, Pilat Stephanie, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020, Chapter 4: Arcangeli Luca, Regarding the legacy of fascism: Interview with Paolo Portoghesi
77 O Bruno Zevi (1918-2000)
Pallazzo:
O Aldo Rossi
Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana.
Paolo Porthoghesi
78 Συνέντευξη του Paolo Portoghesi στον Luca Arcangeli, The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020, Chapter 4: Arcangeli Luca, Regarding the legacy of fascism: Interview with Paolo Portoghesi
79 Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Chapter 1: Introduction,The afterlives of fascism. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Pilat Stephanie, Λονδίνο, 2020
80 Costanzo Denise, Chapter 25: The lessons of Fascist Rome Venturi, Lincoln Center and 1960s formalism. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Jones Kay Bea, Pilat Stephanie, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
81Costanzo Denise, Chapter 25: The lessons of Fascist Rome Venturi, Lincoln Center and 1960s formalism. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Jones Kay Bea, Pilat Stephanie, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
82 Costanzo Denise, Chapter 25: The lessons of Fascist Rome Venturi, Lincoln Center and 1960s formalism. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Jones Kay Bea, Pilat Stephanie, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
83 Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Chapter 1: Introduction,The afterlives of fascism. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Pilat Stephanie, Λονδίνο, 2020
84 Arcangeli Luca, Chapter 4: Regarding the legacy of fascism: Interview with Paolo Portoghesi. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Jones Kay Bea, Pilat Stephanie, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
Addachiara Zevi -
Bruno Zevi-
Demnig
86 Zevi Addachiara
Francois Myriam, Compass: Witnesses of stone, Τrt world, 2017
87 Ben Ghiat Ruth, Why are there so Many Fascist Monuments Still Standing in Italy? , The New Yorker,
, 05/10/2017
88 Arcangeli Luca, Chapter 4: Regarding the legacy of fascism: Interview with Paolo Portoghesi. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Jones Kay Bea, Pilat Stephanie, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
89 Stone Dan, The Legacy of Italian Fascism: Not Coming to Terms with the Past, ιστ. Fair Observer, 30/03/2018
90 Stone Dan, The Legacy of Italian Fascism: Not Coming to Terms with the Past, ιστ. Fair Observer, 30/03/2018
91Nicoloso Paolo, Chapter 35: Piazza della Vittoria in Brescia The history and difficult legacy of fascism Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Jones Kay Bea, Pilat Stephanie, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
92 Ben Ghiat Ruth, Why are there so Many Fascist Monuments Still Standing in Italy? , The New Yorker, ηλεκτρονική
, 05/10/2017
93Sala Ilaria Maria, A controversial museum is forcing Italy to talk about its fascist past, Quartz, ηλ έκδοση, 29/05/2017
ripristino della vasca vuota»:
Rossella Biscotti
94 Sala Ilaria Maria, A controversial museum is forcing Italy to talk about its fascist past, Quartz, ηλ έκδοση, 29/05/2017
95 Pilat Stephanie, Chapter 9: The spaces between intention and reception: The work of Kevin van Braak and Rossella Biscotti. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Jones Kay Bea, Pilat Stephanie, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
96 Pilat Stephanie, Chapter 9: The spaces between intention and reception: The work of Kevin van Braak and Rossella Biscotti Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Jones Kay Bea, Pilat Stephanie, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
43.
Collegio Aeronautico della GIL, Bruno Mussolini
Cesare Valle
«Collegio Aeronautico della GIL, Bruno Mussolini
Zeppelinfeld
99 Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016, σελ 270
100 Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016, σελ.272
Winfried Nerdinger
(Vergangenheitsbewältigung)
101 Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016,
beer.html]
103 Braidwood Ella, Chipperfield defends proposal for Nazi-era Haus der Kunst, Architects’ Journal, 24/01/2017
104
Ludwig Spaenle
105 Braidwood Ella, Chipperfield defends proposal for Nazi-era Haus der Kunst, Architects’ Journal, 24/01/2017
106 Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016, σελ. 231
107 Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016, σελ.270
108 Nikolaus Pevsner, Europäische Architektur, Prestel Verlag, Μόναχο, 1989, σελ.466 109
, Archetype, 30/09/2019
110 Alexander και Margarete Mitscherlich, Die Unfähigkeit zu trauern – Grundlagen kollektiven Verhaltens, Pieper, Μόναχο 1977
111
Archetype, 30/09/2019
Wernher von Braun
112 Haubrich Rainer, Albert Speer? Das war gute Architektur, WELT, 07/04/2016
113 Sorkin Michael, Hitler’s Classical Architect_ Why is Léon Krier defending anew the work of the Third Reich’s master builder?, The Nation, 21/05/2013
114
Archetype, 30/09/2019
115 Haubrich Rainer, Albert Speer? Das war gute Architektur, WELT, 07/04/2016
116 Sorkin Michael, Hitler’s Classical Architect_ Why is Léon Krier defending anew the work of the Third Reich’s master builder?, The Nation, 21/05/2013
Bruno Zevi, o Peter Eisenman και
Paolo Portoghesi
3.1.1
Graf von Zeppelin,
118 Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016,
.20
Congresshalle
Zeppelinfeld.
Zeppelinfeld,
«
Zeppelinfeld,
οι Rolling Stones, Tina Turner, Eric Clapton, The Who, AC /
119
: Jaskot Paul B. και Rosenfeld Gavriel D., Beyond Berlin: Twelve German Cities Confront the Nazi Past, University of Michigan Press, 2008, σελ.112]
120 Rahner Jürgen, Zwei Legenden auf dem Zeppelinfeld, Nord Bayern, 22/02/2016
121 https://www.rock-im-park.com/
3.1.2 Foro Italico (πρώην Foro Mussolini) _ Ρώμη (1928-1943)
122 Petersen Ankie, Chapter 8: Contesting heritage: Shifting political interpretations of Rome’s Foro Italico Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
123 Petersen Ankie, Chapter 8: Contesting heritage: Shifting political interpretations of Rome’s Foro Italico. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
124 Petersen Ankie, Chapter 8: Contesting heritage: Shifting political interpretations of Rome’s Foro Italico Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
3.1.3 Haus der Kunst _ Μόναχο (1933-1937)
Το «Haus der Deutschen Kunst» (Σπίτι
Englischer Garten
Chagall, Paul Klee, Pablo Picasso
Wassily Kandinsky.
Großen Deutschen Kunstausstellungen
Haus der Deutschen Kunst
. Burns Lucy, Degenerate art: Why Hitler hated modernism, BBC, 6/11/13]
127 Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016, σελ. 70
128 https://www.p1-club.de/
129 https://www.p1-club.de/
130 Το
Haus der Kunst
Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc
Paul Klee.
Haus der Kunst
David Chipperfield
Haus
Kunst
131 Jochen Paul, Debatte um die Sanierung des Hauses der Kunst_ Die Zukunft der Vergangenheit, German Architects, 18/04/2017
132 Braidwood Ella, Chipperfield defends proposal for Nazi-era Haus der Kunst, Architects’ Journal, 24/01/2017
133 Jochen Paul, Debatte um die Sanierung des Hauses der Kunst_ Die Zukunft der Vergangenheit, German Architects, 18/04/2017
134 Braidwood Ella, Chipperfield defends proposal for Nazi-era Haus der Kunst, Architects’ Journal, 24/01/2017
68. Παρέλαση
“Haus der Deutschen
Kunst”
07/1937
69.
“Haus der Deutschen
Kunst” , 07/1937
Der Blaue Reiter), Haus der Kunst, 1949
77.Πάνω: To Haus der Kunst το 1937, ως «Haus der Deutschen Kunst».
78. Κάτω: To Haus der Kunst το 2012
Haus der Kunst .1938
Haus der Kunst
3.1.4
Casa della madre e del bambino
Casa della madre e
Umberto Nordio
(1935)
135Civalleri Fabrizio, Spada Orsola, Chapter 27 The Casa della Madre e del Bambino in Trieste. The afterlife of Umberto Nordio’s fascist welfare building. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
136Civalleri Fabrizio, Spada Orsola, Chapter 27 The Casa della Madre e del Bambino in Trieste. The afterlife of Umberto Nordio’s fascist welfare building. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
137 Civalleri Fabrizio, Spada Orsola, Chapter 27 The Casa della Madre e del Bambino in Trieste. The afterlife of Umberto Nordio’s fascist welfare building. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
3.1.5 Prora Rügen holiday complex _
(1936-1939)
138 Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016, σελ.56
139 Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016, σελ.57 έως 60
140 https://www.jugendherberge.de/en/youth-hostels/prora-720/portrait/
141 https://www.prora-solitaire.de/en/
Norbert Frei.
: Dörries Cornelia, Prora oder: Die Unschuldsvermutung in der Architektur, Deutshes Architekten Blatt, 29/06/15]
143 Dörries Cornelia, Prora oder: Die Unschuldsvermutung in der Architektur, Deutshes Architekten Blatt, 29/06/15
144 Dörries Cornelia, Prora oder: Die Unschuldsvermutung in der Architektur, Deutshes Architekten Blatt, 29/06/15
85. Αεροφωτογραφία, Prora,
86.Clemens Klotz, κάτοψη
3.1.6
Casa del fascio (ή Palazzo Terragni)
(1932-1936)
Maarc
Piazza del Popolo
145 Cianfarani Francesco, Chapter 2: The fascist legacy in the built environment Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
146 http://www.maarc.it/opera/casa-del-fascio
MAARC (Museo Virtuale Astrattismo e Architettura Razionalista Como)
Casa del fascio
147 http://www maarc it/opera/casa-del-fascio
MAARC
148McGiven Hannah, Italian far right wants to turn Fascist HQ into mega-museum, The Art Newpaper, 03/04/2018
149 McGiven Hannah, Italian far right wants to turn Fascist HQ into mega-museum, The Art Newpaper, 03/04/2018
3.1.7 Palazzo degli Uffici Finanziari (πρώην Casa del fascio) _ Μπολτσάνο (1939-1942) Πρόκειται
Casa del Fascio
stile littorio
151 http://www.basrelief-bolzano.com/en.html
Hans Piffrader
152 http://www basrelief-bolzano com/en
Hans Piffrader
Michele Bernardi
Bernardi
153 Invernizzi-Accetti, A small Italian town can teach the world how to defuse controversial monuments, The Guardian, 06/12/2017
Credere, obbedire, combattere
"Kein Mensch hat bei Kant das Recht zu gehorchen" (Σύμφωνα
1964. Βλ.: http://www.basreliefbolzano.com/en/content/arendt.html
155 (Ανώνυμο), Bassorilievo di Piffrader: al via il ponteggio. La protesta di CasaPound Bolzano, Il Primato Nazionale, 06 /04/2017 Στο: https://www ilprimatonazionale it/approfondimenti/bassorilievo-piffrader-al-via-ponteggio-laprotesta-casapound-bolzano-61390/
156 Ιταλικά,
Invernizzi-Accetti, A small Italian town can teach the world how to defuse controversial monuments, The Guardian, 06/12/2017
3.2
3.2.1 Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana
Το Palazzo della Civilt
Palazzo
«Boccaccio
Citt
Federico Fellini
Federazione Nationale dei Cavalieri del Lavoro).
157 Somma Paola, Chapter 6: The Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana From fascism to fashion Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
158 Somma Paola, Chapter 6: The Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana From fascism to fashion. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
159 Zambenedetti Alberto, Filming in stone: Palazzo della civiltà italiana and Fascist Signification in Cinema, Annali d’Italianistica, 2010, τ.28, σελ. 199-215
160 Somma Paola, Chapter 6: The Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana From fascism to fashion. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
161 Nike: The mission, 2000. Διαφήμιση στο Palazzo della Civilta Italiana
: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIpHlhY03Pw
162 https://www theplan it/eng/award-2016-interior/fendi-headquarter-1
Palazzo della Civilta Italiana
Marco Costanzi
163
23/10/2015 έως
07/03/2016.
: https://fondazionecirulli org/exhibition/una-nuova-roma/
164 Loncar Jelena, Chapter 7: F is for … fluctuating symbolism The Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana and its shifting meaning. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
165 Loncar Jelena, Chapter 7: F is for … fluctuating symbolism The Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana and its shifting meaning. Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones
Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
166 Kirchgaessner Stephanie, Fendi rejects criticism over new HQ in Mussolini propaganda building, The Guardian, 22/10/2015
167 Στα ιταλικά: «Un popolo di poeti, di artisti, di eroi, di santi, di pensatori, di scienziati, di navigatori, di trasmigratori»
168 Loncar Jelena, Chapter 7: F is for … fluctuating symbolism The Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana and its shifting meaning.
Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
169 Loncar Jelena, Chapter 7: F is for … fluctuating symbolism The Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana and its shifting meaning.
Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
della Civiltà Italiana»,
3.2.2 Banana Bunker
(1941-1943)
Reichsbahnbunker
170 Merin Gili , 750 Cubic Meters of Extracted Concrete Turned This Nazi Bunker Into a Gallery & Home, ArchDaily, 11/07/2014
171 Merin Gili , 750 Cubic Meters of Extracted Concrete Turned This Nazi Bunker Into a Gallery & Home, ArchDaily, 11/07/2014
172 https://www.sammlung-boros.de/
173 Merin Gili , 750 Cubic Meters of Extracted Concrete Turned This Nazi Bunker Into a Gallery & Home, ArchDaily, 11/07/2014
174 Merin Gili , 750 Cubic Meters of Extracted Concrete Turned This Nazi Bunker Into a Gallery & Home, ArchDaily, 11/07/2014
175 https://www.sammlung-boros.de/
176 Merin Gili , 750 Cubic Meters of Extracted Concrete Turned This Nazi Bunker Into a Gallery & Home, ArchDaily, 11/07/2014
177 Stelzner Julia, Karen & Christian Boros, Friends of Friends, συνέντευξη
: https://www.friendsoffriends.com/profiles/karen-and-christian-boros/
178 https://www.sammlung-boros.de/https://www.sammlung-boros.de/
179 Stelzner Julia, Karen & Christian Boros, Friends of Friends, συνέντευξη
https://www.friendsoffriends.com/profiles/karen-and-christian-boros/
Sammlung Boros.
180 Fernández-Galiano Luis, Albert Speer_ Light and Darkness, Arquitectura Viva, 30/04/2006
181 Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016,
24
182 Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016, σελ. 25
183 Möller Ute, Die bewegte Geschichte des Nürnberger "Reichs-Burger-King", Nord Bayern, 30/4/2018
184 Möller Ute, Die bewegte Geschichte des Nürnberger "Reichs-Burger-King", Nord Bayern, 30/4/2018
3.2.4 Flughafen
(1927-1936)
185 Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016, σελ 150
186 Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016, σελ.150
187 Comberg Ella , Berlin's Tempelhof Airport: Achieving Redemption Through Adaptive Reuse, ArchDaily, 29/05/2018
188 Comberg Ella , Berlin's Tempelhof Airport: Achieving Redemption Through Adaptive Reuse, ArchDaily, 29/05/2018
189 https://www.thf-berlin.de/en/
190 Comberg Ella , Berlin's Tempelhof Airport: Achieving Redemption Through Adaptive Reuse, ArchDaily, 29/05/2018
191 Blason Jo, Basia Cummings και Fahey Ciaran, Nazis and candy drops: Tempelhof airport through history in pictures, The Guardian, 05/03/2015
Holzer
Kobler Architekturen
151.
“Living the City
Schnepp Renou
Tempelhof. 2020,
Tempelhof, 17/07/2020
Andreas Gora / dpa
158.
Μέρος Α. Monumento alla Vittoria – «BZ ’18 - ’45: Un monumento, una città, due dittature» (Μνημείο
)
(2014)
(Monumento alla Vittoria, Siegesdenkmal
Marcelo Piacentini
Kaiserjäger.
192 Schnapp Jeffrey, Chapter 42: Small victories (“ BZ ’18–’ 45”). Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
193Schnapp Jeffrey, Chapter 42: Small victories (“ BZ ’18–’ 45”) Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
194Schnapp Jeffrey, Chapter 42: Small victories (“ BZ ’18–’ 45”). Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
195 Carlà Andrea, Mitterhofer Johanna, Coming to Terms with Controversial Memories in South Tyrol: The Monument to Victory of Bolzano/Boze, Europe Now Journal, 02/04/2019
196
197
: https://www monumenttovictory com/en/inhalt/konzept html
https://www monumenttovictory com/en/inhalt/konzept html
198 Schnapp Jeffrey, Chapter 42: Small victories (“ BZ ’18–’ 45”). Στο The Routledge Companion to Italian Fascist Architecture: reception and legacy, επιμ. Pilat Stephanie, Jones Kay Bea, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
163. To
162. To Monumento alla Vittoria
165(πάνω) και 166(κάτω). Φωτογραφίες από την έκθεση «BZ '18–'45: one monument, one city, two dictatorships»
167(στο κέντρο). Αφίσα της έκθεσης «BZ '18–'45: one monument, one city, two dictatorships»
Μέρος
Himmler(1900-1945)
GESTAPO _ Topographie des Terrors _
(2010
-AlbrechtStrasse
Niederkirchnerstrasse.
Heinz Hallmann.
Peter Zumthor,
199 Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich: The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sword Military,
, 2016, σελ. 109
200 Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich: The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sword Military,
, 2016, σελ. 110
201 Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich: The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sword Military,
, 2016, σελ. 111
168.
Gestapo
Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse 8, 1933 169.
170. Topographie des Terrors
Bardi Pietro Maria,
2016
Frampton Kenneth,
Halbwacks Maurice, Η
2009
εκδόσεις Παπαζήση, Αθήνα, 2013
Jones Kay Bea, Pilat Stephanie (επιμ.), συλλογικό έργο, The Routledge Companion to Italian fascist architecture: Reception and Legacy, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
Le Goff Jacques, Ιστορία και Μνήμη, μτφ. Κουμπουρλής Γ., ΝΕΦΕΛΗ, Αθήνα, 1998
Mitscherlich Alexander και Mitscherlich Margarete, Die Unfähigkeit zu trauern _ Grundlagen kollektiven Verhaltens, Pieper, Μόναχο, 1977
Moorehouse Roger, Berlin at war: life and death in Hitler’s capital 1939-1945, The Bodley Head, Λονδίνο, 2010Nikolaus Pevsner, Europäische Architektur, Prestel Verlag, Μόναχο, 1989
Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich: The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sword Military, Μεγάλη
, 2016Speer Albert, Inside the Third Reich, μτφρ
Winston Clara, Winston Richard, Phoenix, Λονδίνο, 1995
Jaskot Paul B. και Rosenfeld Gavriel D., Beyond Berlin: Twelve German Cities Confront the Nazi Past, University of Michigan Press, Michigan, 2008
Γ
Blason Jo, Basia Cummings και Fahey Ciaran, Nazis and candy drops: Tempelhof airport through history in pictures, The Guardian, 05/03/2015
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.theguardian.com/cities/gallery/2015/mar/05/tempelhofairport-berlin-history-nazis-candy-drops-in-pictures (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Braidwood Ella, Chipperfield defends proposal for Nazi-era Haus der Kunst, Architects’ Journal, 24/01/2017
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/chipperfield-defendsproposal-for-nazi-era-haus-der-kunst (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Brussat David, Yale lecture: Krier on Speer, Architecture Here and There, 4/02/2017
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://architecturehereandthere.com/2017/02/04/yale-lecture-krieron-speer/ (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Comberg Ella , Berlin's Tempelhof Airport: Achieving Redemption Through Adaptive Reuse, ArchDaily, 29/05/2018
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.archdaily.com/895204/berlins-tempelhof-airportachieving-redemption-through-adaptive-reuse (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Curry Andrew, Remaking a Onetime Nazi Resort, Architect, 21/11/2017
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.architectmagazine.com/design/remaking-a-onetime-naziresort_o (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Dörries Cornelia, Prora oder: Die Unschuldsvermutung in der Architektur, Deutshes Architekten Blatt, 29/06/15
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.dabonline.de/2015/06/29/prora-oder-dieunschuldsvermutung-in-der-architektur-binz-ferienanlage-insel-massentourismusnationalsozialismus-ddr-ruegen-koloss-kraft-durch-freude-sowjetunion-kommunismus-wohnenappartments-geschic/ (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
DW staff/AFP(ncy), Nazi Past Lives on in Berlin's Buildings, Deutsche Welle, 08/05/2005
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.dw.com/en/nazi-past-lives-on-in-berlins-buildings/a1575988 (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Eisenman Peter (introduction by Eric Wills), Q+A: Peter Eisenman and Léon Krier Talk Albert Speer, Architect, 08/0/2013
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.architectmagazine.com/design/exhibits-books-etc/q-apeter-eisenman-and-leon-krier-talk-albert-speer_o (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Fernández-Galiano Luis, Albert Speer_ Light and Darkness, Arquitectura Viva, 30/04/2006
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://arquitecturaviva.com/articles/albert-speer-la-luz-y-la-tiniebla-2 (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Grunwald Maike, The Colossus of Prora: from Nazi ruin to holiday resort, Deutsche Welle, 29/08/2019
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.dw.com/en/the-colossus-of-prora-from-nazi-ruin-toholiday-resort/a-50199173 (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Gordillo Gastón, Nazi Architecture As Affective Weapon, Worldwide Architecture, 02/02/2014
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://worldarchitecture.org/architecture-news/pvncp/naziarchitecture-as-affective-weapon.html (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Haubrich Rainer, Albert Speer? Das war gute Architektur, WELT, 07/04/2016
Συνέντευξη διαθέσιμη στο: https://www welt de/kultur/kunst-undarchitektur/article154083485/Albert-Speer-Das-war-gute-Architektur (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Jochen Paul, Debatte um die Sanierung des Hauses der Kunst_ Die Zukunft der Vergangenheit, German Architects, 18/04/2017
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.german-architects.com/de/architecturenews/meldungen/die-zukunft-der-vergangenheit (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Merin Gili , 750 Cubic Meters of Extracted Concrete Turned This Nazi Bunker Into a Gallery & Home, ArchDaily, 11/07/2014
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.archdaily.com/526149/750-cubic-meters-of-extractedconcrete-turned-this-nazi-bunker-into-a-gallery-and-home (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Ouroussoff Nicolai, Wartime Architects: Creating Amid Chaos, New York Times, 01/06/2011
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/02/arts/design/architecture-inuniform-in-montreal-review.html (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Radlmaier Steffen, Dylan, AC/DC & U2: Als die größten Rockstars Nürnberg besuchten, Nord Bayern, 25/06/2015
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.nordbayern.de/kultur/dylan-ac-dc-u2-als-die-grosstenrockstars-nurnberg-besuchten-1.4473713 (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Rahner Jürgen, Zwei Legenden auf dem Zeppelinfeld, Nord Bayern, 22/02/2016
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.nordbayern.de/kultur/zwei-legenden-auf-demzeppelinfeld-1.5004425 (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Reinier de Graaf, Neufert: The Exceptional Pursuit of the Norm, ArchDaily, 30/10/2017
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.archdaily.com/881889/neufert-the-exceptional-pursuit-ofthe-norm (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Sorkin Michael, Hitler’s Classical Architect_ Why is Léon Krier defending anew the work of the Third Reich’s master builder?, The Nation, 21/05/2013
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/hitlers-classical-architect/ (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Stelzner Julia, Karen & Christian Boros, Friends of Friends
Συνέντευξη διαθέσιμη στο: https://www.friendsoffriends.com/profiles/karen-and-christianboros/ (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Weller Chris , Hitler's 3-mile-long abandoned Nazi resort is transforming into a luxury getaway, Insider, 10/07/2017
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.businessinsider.com/adolf-hitler-nazi-resort-prora-2017-7
(Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Wise Michael, Hitler's Words Into Stone_ Can architecture itself be fascist?, The Wall Street Journal, 12/04/2013
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323296504578398542977265774
(Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Didier Hoffman, Monumental Abuse, Post Magazine, 08/04/2012
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://postmagazine.org/monumental-abuse/ (Ανακτήθηκε
07/10/2021)
Γεωργιάδης
, Archetype, 30/09/2019
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.archetype.gr/blog/arthro/egkomio-thanatou-iarchitektoniki-tou-nazismou (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
ΙΤΑΛΙΑ
Ben Ghiat Ruth, Why are there so Many Fascist Monuments Still Standing in Italy? , The New Yorker, ηλεκτρονική έκδοση, 05/10/2017
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/why-are-so-manyfascist-monuments-still-standing-in-italy (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Carlà Andrea, Mitterhofer Johanna, Coming to Terms with Controversial Memories in South Tyrol: The Monument to Victory of Bolzano/Boze, Europe Now Journal, 02/04/2019
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.europenowjournal.org/2019/04/04/coming-to-terms-withcontroversial-memories-in-south-tyrol-the-monument-to-victory-of-bolzano-boze/ (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Hatherley Owen, Fendi vidi vici: when Fashion flirts with Fascism, The Architectural Review, 03/03/2015
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/fendi-vidi-vici-whenfashion-flirts-with-fascism (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Invernizzi-Accetti, A small Italian town can teach the world how to defuse controversial monuments, The Guardian, 06/12/2017
Άρθρο
: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/dec/06/bolzanoitalian-town-defuse-controversial-monuments (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Kirchgaessner Stephanie, Fendi rejects criticism over new HQ in Mussolini propaganda building, The Guardian, 22/10/2015
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/22/fendi-launches-hq-inmussolini-propaganda-building (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Konté Sarah, F is for…Fendi and the Freak Generation, Crash, 2017
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.crash.fr/43468-2/ (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Mafi Nick, Fascist Architecture Through the Ages, Architectural Digest, 14/11/2016
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www architecturaldigest com/gallery/fascist-architecturethrough-ages (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Marelli Carlotta, Rome’s Foro Italico: From fascism to the Italian Open, ElleDecor, 09/05/2019
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.elledecor.com/it/best-of/a27460553/foro-italico-romearchitecture-italian-open/ (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
McGiven Hannah, Italian far right wants to turn Fascist HQ into mega-museum, The Art Newpaper, 03/04/2018
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2018/04/03/italian-far-right-wantsto-turn-fascist-hq-into-mega-museum (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Morby Alice, Fendi moves headquarters into iconic Mussolini-commissioned building, Dezeen, 27/10/2015
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.dezeen.com/2015/10/27/fendi-headquarters-palazzo-dellacivilta-italiana-rome-italy-mussolini-building/ (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Page Max, The Roman architecture of Mussolini, still standing, The Boston Globe, 13/07/ 2014
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2014/07/12/the-romanarchitecture-mussolini-still-standing/csZ70EN2fTnUUNqX0kRM9K/story.html (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Pagnotta Brian, AD Classics: Casa del Fascio / Giuseppe Terragni, ArchDaily, 03/01/2013
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.archdaily.com/312877/ad-classics-casa-del-fasciogiuseppe-terragni (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Sala Ilaria Maria, A controversial museum is forcing Italy to talk about its fascist past, Quartz, ηλ έκδοση, 29/05/2017
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://qz com/993672/a-controversial-museum-is-forcing-italy-to-talkabout-its-fascist-past/ (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Stanley Alessandra, Rome Journal: Italy's Fascist Buildings in Style and for Sale, 12/07/2000
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/12/world/rome-journal-italy-sfascist-buildings-in-style-and-for-sale.html (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Stone Dan, The Legacy of Italian Fascism: Not Coming to Terms with the Past, ιστ. Fair Observer, 30/03/2018
Άρθρο διαθέσιμο στο: https://www fairobserver com/world-news/fascism-benito-mussolinihistory-far-right-italy-elections-europe-news-09112/ (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Wainwright Oliver, “The dictator who failed to dictate”: free-range architecture under Mussolini, The Guardian, 01/06/2016
Άρθρο
στο: https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/jun/01/the-dictatorwho-failed-to-dictate-free-range-architecture-under-mussolini (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Zambenedetti Alberto, Filming in stone: Palazzo della civiltà italiana and Fascist Signification in Cinema, Annali d’Italianistica, 2010, τ.28, σελ. 199-215
(Ανώνυμο) Bassorilievo di Piffrader: al via il ponteggio. La protesta di CasaPound Bolzano, Il Primato Nazionale, 06 /04/2017
https://www.ilprimatonazionale.it/approfondimenti/bassorilievopiffrader-al-via-ponteggio-la-protesta-casapound-bolzano-61390/ (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
https://www.sammlung-boros.de/ - Επίσημη
https://www.prora-solitaire.de/en/ -
https://hausderkunst de/en/history
Prora
https://museen nuernberg de/dokuzentrum
07/10/2021)
https://www.rock-im-park.com/
https://www hofbraeuhaus de/en/the-beer html
(Ανακτήθηκε
07/10/2021)
https://www.jugendherberge.de/en/youth-hostels/prora-720/portrait/
https://www p1-club
https://www.thf-berlin.de/en/
https://www.topographie.de/topographie-des-terrors/ -
Topography of
https://www.monumenttovictory.com/en.html
«BZ '18–'45: one monument, one city, two dictatorships
07/10/2021)
http://www basrelief-bolzano com/en html -
Hans Piffrader
Michele Bernardi (Ανακτήθηκε
07/10/2021)
http://www.maarc.it/opera/casa-del-fascio -
07/10/2021)
Arnold Holzknecht
του MAARC (Museo Virtuale Astrattismo e Architettura Razionalista Como
Casa
(Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
https://www docomomoitalia it/in-ricordo-di-sergio-poretti/ -Ιστοσελίδα
Docomomo Italia (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
https://www.theplan.it/eng/award-2016-interior/fendi-headquarter-1 -Ιστοσελίδα
Palazzo della Civilta Italiana
Marco Costanzi (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
https://fondazionecirulli org/exhibition/una-nuova-roma/
«Una nuova Roma. L’EUR e il Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana» (Ανακτήθηκε
07/10/2021)
Francois Myriam (Dr.), Compass: Witnesses of stone, Τrt World, 2017. Ντοκιμαντέρ για τη φασιστική αρχιτεκτονική διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCegtlGg2yg&list=PLVcjSRu5rkl-Mc3IBCVzbI6N_33NMGhk&index=2 (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Nike, Nike: The mission, 2000. Διαφήμιση στο Palazzo della Civilta Italiana διαθέσιμη στο: https://www youtube com/watch?v=tIpHlhY03Pw (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Slade Tim (σκην.), Harrison Lindi (επιμ.), The Destruction of Memory, 2016. Πληροφορίες στο: https://destructionofmemoryfilm.com (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
Steves Rick, Rick Steves' The Story of Fascism, 2019 Ντοκιμαντέρ για τη φασιστική αρχιτεκτονική διαθέσιμο στο: https://www youtube com/watch?v=JU1IVW6uqM0&list=PLVcjSRu5rkl-Mc3IBCVzbI6N_33NMGhk&index=3&t=3s (Ανακτήθηκε στις 07/10/2021)
1.
Mundi, Vol. 51 (1999))
https://brewminate.com/ancient-rome-italian-fascism-and-the-via-dei-fori-imperiali/
( Imago
2. Η
1924 – 1932 https://romabyrachel weebly com/mussolinis-new-rome html
3. Η Via dell’Impero ολοκληρωμένη. https://brewminate.com/ancient-rome-italian-fascism-and-the-via-dei-fori-imperiali/
4. Armando Brasini, Palazzo INAIL, 1932, Ρώμη https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armando_Brasini#/media/File:Trevi__palazzo_inail_e_giardino_Colonna_alla_Pilotta_1210267.JPG
5. Cesare Bazzani, Καζίνο Paradiso sul mare, Anzio, 1924 https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/paradiso-sul-mare/m012mc15h
6. Armando Brasini, Ιταλικό
1925 http://www.arthurchandler.com/1925-art-deco-exposition/
7. Giuseppe de Finetti, Casa della Meridiana, 1924, Μιλάνο https://davidhannafordmitchell.tumblr.com/post/97473955348/giuseppe-de-finetti-casa-dellameridiana
8. Giovanni Muzio, Ca’ Brutta (Το άσχημο σπίτι), 1923, Μιλάνο https://formalistfriday.wordpress.com/2017/03/17/giovanni-muzio-ca-brutta/
9. Giovanni Muzio, Ca’ Brutta (Το άσχημο σπίτι), 1923, Μιλάνο https://formalistfriday.wordpress.com/2017/03/17/giovanni-muzio-ca-brutta/
10. Gio Ponti και Emilio Lancia, Ponti House, Μιλάνο, 1924 - 1926 https://www.ordinearchitetti.mi.it/en/mappe/itinerari/edificio/342-ponti-house-in-viarandaccio/46-gio-ponti
11. Giovanni Muzio, Palazzo del Popolo d'Italia,1938-1942, Μιλάνο https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo_dell%27Informazione
12. Giuseppe Terragni, νηπιαγωγείο Asilo Sant'Elia, 1936-1937, Κόμο http://www.platformblog.com/en/lasilo-terragni-larchitettura-misura-bambino/
13. Giuseppe Terragni και Antonio Carminati, Casa del Fascio στην πόλη Lissone, 1938-1940 http://www.maarc.it/opera/casa-del-fascio-di-lissone-con-a-carmina
14. Luigi Moretti, Casa Balilla Sperimentale (αργότερα Casa delle Armi),1934- 1936, Foro Italico, Ρώμη
http://fa2016.thedude.oucreate.com/uncategorized/fencing-academy-aka-casa-balillasperimentale-at-foro-italico-nee-mussolini-rome-originally-known-as-the-foro-mussolini/
15. Luigi Moretti, Casa Balilla Sperimentale (αργότερα Casa delle Armi),1934- 1936, Foro Italico, Ρώμη http://fa2016.thedude.oucreate.com/uncategorized/fencing-academy-aka-casa-balillasperimentale-at-foro-italico-nee-mussolini-rome-originally-known-as-the-foro-mussolini/
16. Pietro Lingeri και Giuseppe Terragni, Casa Rustici, 1933 - 1935, Μιλάνο http://giuseppedefrancesco.com/casa-rustici/
17. Gino Levi-Montalcini και Giuseppe Pagano, Palazzo Gualino, 1928–1930, Τορίνο
https://alchetron.com/Palazzo-Gualino
18. Adalberto Libera, Palazzo dei Congressi e dei Ricevimenti,1937 -1954, EUR, Ρώμη https://divisare.com/projects/322508-adalberto-libera-lorenzo-zandri-palazzo-dei-congressi-edei-ricevimenti
19. Giovani Guerini, Mario Romano, Ernesto La Padula, Palazzo della Civilta Italiana, (1937-1951), EUR, Ρώμη https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EUR,_Rome#/media/File:Palazzo_della_Civiltà_Italiana_a_EUR_R oma.jpg
20. Marcelo Piacentini, Palazzo di Giusticia, 1932-1940, Μιλάνο https://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/percorsi/archivi-architetti/6.6/
21. Giovanni Muzio, Mario Paniconi, Giulio Pediconi, Palazzi dell'INA e dell'INPS, 1939, EUR, Ρώμη https://www.romeing.it/esposizione-universale-roma-ara-pacis/
22. Giovanni Muzio, Mario Paniconi, Giulio Pediconi, Palazzi dell'INA e dell'INPS, 1939, EUR, Ρώμη https://www.romeing.it/esposizione-universale-roma-ara-pacis/
23. Προτομή
24.
Palazzo Braschi
https://timeline.com/these-photos-show-what-everyday-life-under-fascism-looked-like72944c31f5ce
Palazzo Braschi
1929 https://www gettyimages it/detail/fotografie-di-cronaca/un-portrait-géant-de-mussolini-et-desfotografie-di-cronaca/965912186
25. Μωσαικά
Foro Italico
https://www akgimages co uk/archive/-2UMEBMBB67J2Z html
26. Μωσαικά
Foro Italico
https://www akgimages co uk/archive/-2UMEBMBB67J2Z html
27. Αυτοκρατορικός
στο Collegio Aeronautico “Bruno Mussolini”, 1937, Φορλί https://www.gettyimages.it/detail/fotografie-di-cronaca/un-portrait-géant-de-mussolini-et-desfotografie-di-cronaca/965912186
28. Γιγαντοαφίσα
Casa del fascio της πόλης Κόμο.
29. Η χρήση μεταλλικού σκελετού στο Kongresshalle, Νυρεμβέργη,1938 https://museen.nuernberg.de/index.php?id=2655
30. Maschinenhalle, Νυρεμβέργη, 1909 http://www.kubiss.de/reichsparteitagsgelaende/stationen/luitpoldhalle.htm
31. Η αίθουσα Luitpoldhalle, πρώην Maschinenhalle. Νυρεμβέργη, 1933 http://www.kubiss.de/reichsparteitagsgelaende/stationen/luitpoldhalle.htm
32. Ο Lichtdom (Ναός
Zeppelinfeld, 1938 https://museums.nuernberg.de/index.php?id=3111
33. Μακέτα
Germania, Albert Speer, 1942 https://journals openedition org/marges/docannexe/image/988/img-2.jpg
34. Σχέδιο
Albert Speer
Volkshalle
1942 https://journals.openedition.org/marges/docannexe/image/988/img-2.jpg
35. Βαρσοβία, Πολωνία, 1945
36. Ernst Neufert, Εργοστάσιο Μηχανών στο Hagenuk,1940 https://www.archetype.gr/blog/arthro/egkomio-thanatou-i-architektoniki-tou-nazismou
37. Eigon Eiermann, Έκθεση «Gept mir vier Jahre Zeit»
38. Paul Baumgarten, Mullverladestation (Σταθμός
1937
2006 https://www.berlin.de/ba-charlottenburg-wilmersdorf/ueber-den-bezirk/gebaeude-undanlagen/sonstige/artikel.232504.php
39. Hans Gerlach, Ο οικισμός SS-Kameradschaftssiedlung
40. Martin Bormann, Kehlsteinhaus (ή Eagle’s Nest). Το κτίριο
1939
1939. Obersalzberg, 1939 [πηγή: Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich: The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sword Military, Μεγάλη
, 2016Speer Albert, Inside the Third Reich,
Winston Clara, Winston Richard, Phoenix, Λονδίνο, 1995]
41. Clemens Klotz, Το Ordensburg Krössinsee (ή Crössinsee) ήταν
NS-Ordensburgen της
[πηγή: Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich: The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sword Military, Μεγάλη
, 2016Speer Albert, Inside the Third Reich, μτφρ
Winston Clara, Winston Richard, Phoenix, Λονδίνο, 1995]
42. Το στρατόπεδο
Dachau
03/05/45, Φωτογραφία: AP/Jim Pringle
https://www pennlive com/galleries/2WSKCAWA7FFPTIE5EZ3XGQQ7IA/ https://www.archetype.gr/blog/arthro/egkomio-thanatou-i-architektoniki-tou-nazismou]
43. Εσωτερικές απόψεις του «Collegio Aeronautico della GIL, Bruno Mussolini» του Cesare Valle στο Φορλί,
https://esplora.comeinforli.it/app/uploads/2021/05/SCHEDA_Ex-Collegio-aeronautico.pdf
44. Εσωτερικές απόψεις του «Collegio Aeronautico della GIL, Bruno Mussolini» του Cesare Valle στο Φορλί,
http://www.artefascista.it/canevari_angelo__fascismo__architettura.htm
45. Εσωτερικές απόψεις του «Collegio Aeronautico della GIL, Bruno Mussolini» του Cesare Valle στο Φορλί,
http://www.artefascista.it/canevari_angelo__fascismo__architettura.htm
46. Στιγμιότυπο
« Il ripristino della vasca vuota
Rossella Biscotti
Kevin Van Braak, 2007 https://www.klatmagazine.com/art/rossella-biscotti-interview-back-to-thefuture-26/9684 3
47. Αεροφωτογραφία
Zeppelinfeld.
, 1938, Φωτογραφία: Nuremberg Municipal Archives https://museums.nuernberg.de/index.php?id=3111
48. Ο
1939
49.
Zeppelinfeld,
[πηγή: Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016]
Zeppelinfeld, 1945
50.
Bob Dylan, Zeppelinfeld, 07/1978
https://www.nordbayern.de/kultur/dylan-ac-dc-u2-als-die-grossten-rockstars-nurnbergbesuchten-1.4473713
Monsters of Rock
51.
Φωτογραφία: Michael Matejka
https://www.nordbayern.de/kultur/dylan-ac-dc-u2-als-die-grossten-rockstars-nurnbergbesuchten-1.4473713
Einstürzende Neubauten
Zeppelinfeld, 1986,
(Golden Hall)
: Herbert Voll https://www nordbayern de/kultur/dylan-ac-dc-u2-als-die-grossten-rockstars-nurnbergbesuchten-1.4473713
52. Σε μία
χαιρετισμό.Zeppelinfeld, 1939 [πηγή: Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich _ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016]
53. Αεροφωτογραφία
https://www.rock-im-park.com/media
54. Παρέλαση
1938
[πηγή: Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016]
55. Αγώνες ταχύτητας, Zeppelinfeld, 2016 https://museums.nuernberg.de/index.php?id=3111
56.
2019. https://www rock-im-park com/media
57.
(Lichtdom) το 1938.
Rock
Park
[πηγή: Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016]
FORO ITALICO
58.
59.
Foro Italico http://www.urbaintrop-urbain.fr/stadio-dei-marmi-foulee-boiteuse-a-rome/
Foro Italico http://www.urbaintrop-urbain.fr/stadio-dei-marmi-foulee-boiteuse-a-rome/
60. Φασιστικές
https://www researchgate net/figure/Marble-block-at-Foro-Italico-recording-the-conquest-of-
Addis-Ababa fig2_257731579
61.
https://www researchgate net/figure/Marble-block-at-Foro-Italico-recording-the-conquest-of-
Addis-Ababa fig2_257731579
62.
researchgate net/figure/Marble-block-at-Foro-Italico-recordingthe-conquest-of-Addis-Ababa fig2_257731579
63.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Marble-block-at-Foro-Italico-recordingthe-conquest-of-Addis-Ababa fig2_257731579
64. Φωτογραφία
Foro Italico Marelli Carlotta, Rome’s Foro Italico: From fascism to the Italian Open, ElleDecor, 09/05/2019 Άρθρο
στο: https://www.elledecor.com/it/best-of/a27460553/foro-italico-romearchitecture-italian-open/ (Ανακτήθηκε
65.
66.
https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3709081
«Piscina dei Mosaici
https://www cntraveler com/stories/2015-08-16/eternally-hers-silvia-venturini-fendirome?epik=dj0yJnU9bHI5bUVnZk9mSEM2ZHVJakdqTmsxT2psbTMxSlpPRlMmcD0wJm49d2YwaGdDYzJZN WVPUHl5NVhfVUFLdyZ0PUFBQUFBR0Z3Ykx3
67. Φωτογραφίες
https://www.cntraveler.com/stories/2015-08-16/eternally-hers-silvia-venturini-fendirome?epik=dj0yJnU9bHI5bUVnZk9mSEM2ZHVJakdqTmsxT2psbTMxSlpPRlMmcD0wJm49d2YwaGdDYzJZN WVPUHl5NVhfVUFLdyZ0PUFBQUFBR0Z3Ykx3
HAUS DER KUNST
68.
69.
70.
“Haus der Deutschen Kunst” έξω
07/1937 https://hausderkunst.de/en/history/chronical
“Haus der Deutschen Kunst” , 07/1937
71.
https://hausderkunst.de/en/history/chronical
»(Entartete Kunst
https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/3868
Haus der Kunst
Garden
https://hausderkunst.de/en/history/chronical
72. Πάνω: Στη βεράντα του Haus der Kunst λειτουργεί το καφέ του “P1”, 2018
73. Κάτω: Το club “P1” στο υπόγειο του Haus der Kunst, 2018 https://www.p1-club.de/
74. Η έκθεση «Γαλάζιος Καβαλάρης»(Der Blaue Reiter), Haus der Kunst, 1949 https://hausderkunst.de/en/history/chronical
75. Η Guernica του Pablo Picasso στο Haus der Kunst, 1955 https://hausderkunst de/en/history/chronical
76. Η πρώτη έκθεση για την ιστορία του Haus der Kunst, 1996 https://hausderkunst.de/en/history/chronical
77. Πάνω: To Haus der Kunst το 1937, ως «Haus der Deutschen Kunst».
78. Κάτω: To Haus der Kunst το 2012
https://hausderkunst de/en/history/chronical
79. Η πρόταση
David Chipperfield
Prinzregentenstrasse. Εικόνα: David Chipperfield Architects https://www.germanarchitects.com/de/architecture-news/meldungen/die-zukunft-dervergangenheit
80. Οι Εθνικοσοσιαλιστές
από το Haus der Kunst. 1938 [πηγή: Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich: The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sword Military,
, 2016Speer Albert, Inside the Third Reich,
Winston Clara, Winston Richard, Phoenix, Λονδίνο, 1995]
81. Το έργο του Christian Boltanski «Résistance» στα
«Resistance-Thought Picture for the Future»
Boltanski
Haus der Kunst
82. Ο Christian Boltanski και το έργο του «Résistance», 1993 https://hausderkunst.de/en/exhibitions/christian-boltanski-resistance-2
CASA DELLA MADRE E DEL BAMBINO
83. Εξωτερική άποψη του νηπιαγωγείου
Jones Kay Bea, Pilat Stephanie (επιμ.), συλλογικό έργο, The Routledge Companion to Italian fascist architecture: Reception and Legacy, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
84. Ο κήπος του νηπιαγωγείου
Jones Kay Bea, Pilat Stephanie (επιμ.), συλλογικό έργο, The Routledge Companion to Italian fascist architecture: Reception and Legacy, Routledge, Λονδίνο, 2020
PRORA
85. Αεροφωτογραφία, Prora, 2016 https://www.dw.com/en/the-colossus-of-prora-from-nazi-ruin-to-holiday-resort/a-50199173
86. Clemens Klotz, κάτοψη του Prora, 1936 [πηγή: Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016]
87. Το Prora υπό κατασκευή, Ρούγκεν, 1938 https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20150420-ruined-beauty-what-should-we-do
88. Η «Diskotek M3 Maiami»
89. Πάνω:
«Jugendherberge Prora»
Κάτω:
«Jugendherberge Prora»
Prora
Prora, 2007
2015
2012
https://www.jugendherberge.de/en/youth-hostels/prora-720/portrait/
90. Πάνω:
«Jugendherberge Prora»
Κάτω: Ο
«Jugendherberge Prora»
Prora
2015
2012
91. https://www.jugendherberge.de/en/youth-hostels/prora-720/portrait/
ισόγειο του Prora
2009
https://www.123rf.com/photo_113321967_rebuilding-of-empty-flat-houses-of-the-prorabeach-germany-the-area-that-was-founded-in-1935-by-hitl.html
92. Πάνω: Εσωτερική πισίνα του «Prora Solitaire Hotel Apartments and Spa», 2019 Κάτω: Ισόγεια
«Prora Solitaire Home», 2020 https://www.prora-solitaire.de/en/
93. Πάνω: Εσωτερική πισίνα του «Prora Solitaire Hotel Apartments and Spa», 2019 Κάτω: Ισόγεια
του «Prora Solitaire Home», 2020 https://www.prora-solitaire.de/en/
94. Εικόνα του εσωτερικού του Prora το 2009 https://www.123rf.com/photo_113321967_rebuilding-of-empty-flat-houses-of-the-prorabeach-germany-the-area-that-was-founded-in-1935-by-hitl.html
95. Ο χώρος
«Jugendherberge Prora»
https://www.jugendherberge.de/en/youth-hostels/prora-720/portrait/
96. Η
https://www.prora-solitaire.de/en/
97.
98.
«Jugendherberge Prora». 2013 https://www.jugendherberge.de/en/youth-hostels/prora-720/portrait/
2009 https://www.123rf.com/photo_113321967_rebuilding-of-empty-flat-houses-of-the-prorabeach-germany-the-area-that-was-founded-in-1935-by-hitl.html
CASA DEL FASCIO COMO
99.
https://sketchbloom.com/2009/08/26/digital-coffee/terragni_casa_del_fasco/
100.
https://rudygodinez.tumblr.com/post/77701642186/giuseppe-terragni-casa-del-fascio-19321936
101. (φόντο) https://rudygodinez.tumblr.com/post/77701642186/giuseppe-terragni-casadel-fascio-1932-1936
102.
103.
http://www.maarc.it/opera/casa-del-fascio
2004 https://www.quicomo.it/attualita/nasce-a-como-futuritmo.html
104. Φωτογραφία
2016 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa del Fascio_(Como)#/media/File:Casadelfascio.jpg
105. Η
http://www ilturismoculturale it/palazzo-terragni/
106. (φόντο)Φωτογραφία
http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/casa_del_fascio.html
108.
https://www.quicomo.it/eventi/cultura/tracce-ventennio-casa-fascio-rai3.html
PALAZZO DEGLI UFFICI BOLZANO
109. Το Palazzo degli Uffici Finanziari πριν
παρέμβαση http://www.basreliefbolzano.com/en.html
Hans Piffrader και
στις 07/10/2021)
110.
Arnold Holzknecht και Michele Bernardi (
Hannah Arendt
http://www basrelief-bolzano com/en html
Hans Piffrader
Michele Bernardi (Ανακτήθηκε
111.
Hans Piffrader
114. Λεπτομέρεια της παρέμβασης των Arnold Holzknecht και Michele Bernardi http://www.basrelief-bolzano.com/en.html -
Hans Piffrader
Michele Bernardi (Ανακτήθηκε
PALAZZO DELLA CIVILTA ITALIANA
07/10/2021)
Arnold Holzknecht
115. Το Palazzo della civilta Italiana κατά την κατασκευή του, 1939 https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Palazzo_della_Civiltà_Italiana
116. Το Palazzo della civilta Italianaδεσπόζει
https://italystonemarble.com/2015/02/28/esposizioni-universali-architetture-dal-1900-al1960/eur-1942-palazzo-civilta-italiana-expo-roma/
117. Η Anita Ekberg μπροστά από το Palazzo, σκηνή από την ταινία «Bocaccio ‘70» του Federico Felini https://italysegreta.com/walk-through-romes-futuristic-city-eur/
118. Η Anita Ekberg και ο Peppino De Filippo, σκηνή από την ταινία «Bocaccio ‘70» του Federico Felini https://italysegreta.com/walk-through-romes-futuristic-city-eur/
119. Nike: The Mission, διαφημιστικό
Nike, 2000 https://www tokyvideo com/video/the-mission-nike-tv-ad-2000
120. Στιγμιότυπο
Giorgio Armani «One Night Only Roma», 2013 https://www eventiculturalimagazine com/archivio-articoli/il-ritorno-di-giorgio-armani-a-roma/
121. Εσωτερική
https://www theplan it/eng/award-2016-interior/fendi-headquarter-1
Palazzo della Civilta Italiana
Marco Costanzi (Ανακτήθηκε
07/10/2021)
122.
«Una nuova Roma. L’EUR e il Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana», 2015 https://divisare.com/projects/301673-una-nuova-roma-l-eur-e-il-palazzo-della-civiltaitaliana
123. Στιγμιότυπα από την
«Una nuova Roma. L’EUR e il Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana», 2015 https://divisare.com/projects/301673-una-nuova-roma-l-eur-e-il-palazzo-della-civiltaitaliana
124. Εσωτερική
Marco
Costanzi https://divisare.com/projects/301673-una-nuova-roma-l-eur-e-il-palazzo-della-civiltaitaliana
125. Εσωτερικές
Costanzi -https://www.theplan.it/eng/award-2016-interior/fendi-headquarter-1
Palazzo della Civilta
Costanzi (Ανακτήθηκε
126.
Costanzi -https://www theplan it/eng/award-2016-interior/fendi-headquarter-1
Costanzi (Ανακτήθηκε
127. Κατάστημα
Palazzo della
07/10/2021)
Fendi
Marco
Marco
Marco
Marco
Curiosity, 2017 https://seele com/references/fendi-store-tokyo
128. Κατάστημα
Fendi
Madison Avenue
Peter Marino, 2015 https://www architecturaldigest com/story/fendi-new-york-peter-marino
129. ( φόντο)
130.
131.
Fendi
Curiosity, 2017 https://seele.com/references/fendi-store-tokyo
2021-22 https://forums.thefashionspot.com/threads/fendi-f-w-2021-22-by-craig-mcdean.404417/
F is for Fendi, 2017 https://www vogue it/moda/news/2017/02/09/fendi-lancia-f-is-for-piattaforma-digitalededicata-ai-millennials
132. (φόντο)
2015 https://mode.newsgo.it/fendipresenta-una-nuova-roma/
BANANA BUNKER
133.
Bunker https://www.archdaily.com/tag/boros-collection
134.
https://www.yatzer.com/karen-and-christian-boros
135.
Liefeld / FvF.
https://www.yatzer.com/karen-and-christian-boros
136.
Bunker.2012
https://viveberlin.wordpress.com/2012/07/10/the-boros-collection/attachment/03/
137.
Banana Bunker.
138.
https://www.sammlung-boros.de/
Banana Bunker.2017
https://www.sammlung-boros.de/
139.
140.
Sammlung Boros https://www friendsoffriends com/profiles/karen-and-christian-boros/
141.
Tobias-Rehberger «Fragments of their pleasant spaces
Sammlung Boros. 2008-2012 https://www sammlung-boros de/
BURGER KING
142.
143. Το Burger King
David Mill https://www.flickr.com/photos/davydutchy/28709199020
144.
Νυρεμβέργη, 1937 http://www thirdreichruins com/nuernberg2.htm
TEMPELHOF
145. Αεροφωτογραφία, Tempelhof Airport, 1936 http://www.thirdreichruins.com/berlin.htm
146. Το αεροδρόμιο Tempelhof υπό κατασκευή, 1935 [πηγή: Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016]
147. Τομή
Tempelhof
Εικόνα: Holzer Kobler Architekturen
https://holzerkobler.com/project/tempelhof-airport-history-gallery
148. Τα βομβαρδιστικά Stukas
του Tempelhof. 1943
https://holzerkobler.com/project/tempelhof-airport-history-gallery
149.
“Berlin Airlift”,
1948
[πηγή: Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016]
150.
Tempelhof. 1953
[πηγή: Philpott Colin, Relics of the Reich_ The buildings the Nazis left behind, Pen and Sward Military, England, 2016]
151.
“Living the City
τουTempelhof. 2020, Φωτογραφία: Schnepp Renou
https://magazin.tu-braunschweig.de/en/living-the-city-exhibition_view_0891-c-schnepp-renou2020_1500-2/
152. Εκδήλωση της Mercedes Benz, Tempelhof, 2018 https://kubix-berlin.de/en/portfolio-item/mercedes-benz-service-summit-berlin/
153. Αεροσκάφη
Tempelhof, 1948 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:C-47s_at_Tempelhof_Airport_Berlin_1948.jpg
154. Τουρνουά
Tempelhof, 17/07/2020
Andreas Gora / dpa
https://www.sueddeutsche.de/sport/tennis-berlin-tennisturnier-im-alten-hangar-sinner-gewinntauftaktmatch-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-200717-99-830123
155. Το πάρκο “Tempelhofer Freiheit”
Tempelhof, Βερολίνο, 2016
https://sbca.de/projekte/ideenaufruf-tempelhofer-freiheit/
156.
https://www.vice.com/sv/article/vdqdya/tempelhof-germany-refugee-camp-photos-876
157.
Stukas
https://www.vice.com/sv/article/vdqdya/tempelhof-germany-refugee-camp-photos-876
158. Η πρόσοψη του Tempelhof το 1938. http://www.bia6912.org/hiskavanagh.htm
159.
Tempelhof. 2006 https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/flughafen-tempelhof-pompeji-der-luefte1386920/reisende-unter-dem-adler-1401504.html
160.
αφαιρέθηκε. 2018
https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photo-historic-berlin-tempelhof-airport-eagle-square-flughafencentral-head-former-nazi-reichsadler-originally-image78675136
MONUMENTO ALLA VITTORIA
161. To
Monumento alla Vittoria http://www carloromeo it/index php?option=com content&view=article&id=180:ilmonumento-
162. To Monumento alla Vittoria
http://www carloromeo it/index php?option=com content&view=article&id=180:ilmonumento-
163. To μνημείο
http://www carloromeo it/index php?option=com content&view=article&id=180:ilmonumento-
164.
https://www.monumenttovictory.com/en.html
«BZ '18–'45: one monument, one city, two dictatorships
07/10/2021)
165. Φωτογραφίες από
«BZ '18–'45: one monument, one city, two dictatorships» https://www.monumenttovictory.com/en.html
έκθεση «BZ '18–'45: one monument, one city, two dictatorships»
07/10/2021)
166. Φωτογραφίες
«BZ '18–'45: one monument, one city, two dictatorships» https://www.monumenttovictory.com/en.html –Επίσημη
έκθεση «BZ '18–'45: one monument, one city, two dictatorships»
(Ανακτήθηκε
167. Φωτογραφίες
07/10/2021)
«BZ '18–'45: one monument, one city, two dictatorships» https://www.monumenttovictory.com/en.html
«BZ '18–'45: one monument, one city, two dictatorships»
07/10/2021)
GESTAPO HEADQUORTERS_TOT
168.
Prinz-AlbrechtStrasse 8, 1933
https://ww2nation.com/the-gestapo-and-nazi-terror-state-with-professor-frank-mcdonough/
169.
1940
https://ww2nation.com/the-gestapo-and-nazi-terror-state-with-professor-frank-mcdonough/
170. Topography of Terror,
171. Αεροφωτογραφία,
“Toppography of Terror”, Βερολίνο, 2011
14/12/2019,
https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/berlin-germany-topography-of-terror-has-washed-awaytoo-much-dirt-in-presenting-nazi-history