ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ
ΤΙΕΙΝΑΙΑΣΤΙΚΟΣ ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΣΤΗΣ;
ΤΙΕΙΝΑΙΤΥΠΟΣ;
ΑΣΤΙΚΟΙΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΣΤΕΣ
Giambattista Nolli, Oswald Mathias Ungers
Rem Koolhaas
ABSTRACT
The diploma research thesis “Fatti urbani as type” attempts to identify typical features in the concept of “fatti urbani” as was introduced by Aldo Rossi. Fatti Urbani are tested on three city urban projects accordingto Rafael Moneo’s theory On Typology. The three pieces were selected for their strong connection with their historical and social context. The metropolis of Rome, Berlin and Manhattan under Gianbatista Nolli’s, Oswald Matthias Ungers and Rem Koolhaas respectively
The meaning and characteristics of fatti urbani are investigated on Nolli’s map Pianta Grante di Roma (1748), interpreting the figure-ground method and the relationship between architecture and the urban space Then, the same procedure is followed for the project “Berlin as a Green Archipelago” by introducing the archipelago theory -from the book Archipelago of Massimo Cacciari- as the main idea for the determination of Berlin’s fatti urbani. In addition, the third project “City as a Captive Globe” from Delirious New York will stand out another side of it through the split and union that results the application of urban grid and the invention of its new typology, the skyscraper.
Finally, according to the previous conclusions the definition of fatti urbani and its characteristics, like timelessness will be reformulated as a type before and after its formal naming by Aldo Rossi.
The aim of this research is through the disconnection of the fatti urbani from its historical context to emerge as a birth quality of the form and identity of the city as well as an abstract meaning which was pre-existed and closely associated with “genius loci” .
1.1: San Cataldo Cemetery, Aldo Rossi, Modena, Italy
«Architecture is a vital penetration in a context which is always plural, mysterious, cultivated and structured. Its creative mission is to make the situation visible, to order the existing, to accentuate and amplify the place. It always consists in a rediscovery of the Genius Loci from which it proceeds.”
1 (Koolhaas, Delirious New York. A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan, 1994)
4 (Rossi, 1987, p. 13)
5 (Rossi, 1987, p. 19)
6 (Rossi, 1987, p. 31)
7 (Γιαννακόπουλος, 2014, p. 8)
1.2: Μακέτα, Περιοδικό San Rocco 1, Islands.
8 (Rossi, 1987, p. 62)
9 9 (Rossi, 1987, σ. 166)
LOCUS
10 (Rossi, 1987, p. 169)
11 (Rossi, 1987, p. 193)
12 (Rossi, 1987, p. 145)
13 (Rossi, 1987, p. 146)
1.3
: Forum
1.4: Sixtus V Urban Plan,
14 (Rossi, 1987, p. 171)
15 (Rossi, 1987, p. 180)
19 (Cacciari, 1999, σ. 24)
2.1
, On Typology, Raphael Moneo
20 (Moneo, 1978, p. 23)
«What then is type? It can most simply be defined as a concept which describes a group of objects characterized with the same formal structure. (…) For instance, one may speak of skyscrapers in general; but the act of grouping pushes towards speaking of skyscrapers as huge, distorted Renaissance palaces, as Gothic towers, as fragmented pyramids, as oriented slabs…»
ΟΡΙΣΜΟΣ
21 (Moneo, 1978, p. 24)
22 (Moneo, 1978, p. 26)
2.3
Erica Alonzo (πάνω), Nathan Wesseldyk (
), Jordan Berta (κάτω
23 (Vidler, 1977, p. 99)
(Laugier, 1977, p. 12)
25 (Argan, 1963, p. 243)
3.1: Pianta Grante di Roma, Giambattista Nolli, 1748
Urbis
26 (Aureli, 2011, p. 89)
27 (Aureli, 2011, p. 89)
28 (Lam, 2013, p. 81)
29 (Lam, 2013, p. 84)
PIANTA GRANDE DI ROMA
3.4: Διάγραμμα figure-ground, Collage City, Colin Rowe & Fred Koetter
ΔΙΑΓΡΑΜΜΑ FIGURE-GROUND
30 (Aureli, 2011, p. 89)
31 (Lam, 2013, p. 83)
THE CITY AS A CAPTIVE
«The city becomes a mosaic of episodes, each with its own particular life span, that contest each other within the medium of the Grid.»
48 (Koolhaas, Delirious New York. A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan, 1994, σ. 21)
Rem Koolhaas
49 (Koolhaas, 1994, p. 15)
50 (Koolhaas, 1994, p. 28)
51 (Koolhaas, 1994, p. 18)
52 (Koolhaas, 1994, p. 18)
53 (Koolhaas, 1994, p. 30)
Coney Island
Manhattan50
-Gouverneur Morris, John Rutherfurd
Simeon De
, Coney Island, Delirious New York, Rem Koolhaas
CONEY ISLAND
CULTURE
54 (Koolhaas, 1994, p. 32)
55 (Koolhaas, 1994, p. 43)
56 (Koolhaas, 1994, p. 125)
57 (Koolhaas, 1994, p. 128)
Αξονομετρικό
5.3: The City of the Captive Globe, Delirious New York, Rem Koolhaas,
THE CITY OF THE CAPTIVE GLOBE
Το
58 (Koolhaas, 1994, p. 295)
59 (Rossi, 1987, p. 31)
«The Grid is, above all, a conceptual speculation. In spite of its apparent neutrality, it implies an intellectual program for the island: in its indifference to topography, to what exists, it claims the superiority of mental construction over reality..»
60 (Koolhaas, Delirious New York. A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan, 1994, σ. 84)
61 (Koolhaas, 1994, p. 296)
62 (Mrinalini Verma, 2016)
5.4: Welfare Palace Hotel Project, Roosevelt Island, New York, Rem Koolhaas, Zoe Zenghelis, Cutaway Axonometric
5.5: New Welfare Island Project, Roosevelt Island, New York, Rem Koolhaas, Zoe Zenghelis, Aerial Perspective
63 (Bock, 2018)
64 (Colin Rowe, σ. 100)
65 (Bock, 2018, p. 57)
-Argan, G. C., 1963. On the Typology of Architecture. Στο: TYPOLOGY AND TRANSFORMATION.
-Aureli, P. V., 2011. The Possibilty of an Absolute Architecture. Cambridge: THE MIT PRESS.
-Bock, I., 2018. Six Canonical Projects by Rem Koolhaas. Essays on the History of Ideas. Kindle Edition
-Cacciari, M., 1999. Αρχιπέλαγος s.l.:
-Colin Rowe, F. K., χ.χ. Collage City. s.l.:MIT Press.
-Ghidoni, M., επιμ., 2011. EDITORIAL. San Rocco Islands, February, Issue 1, p. 176.
-Koolhaas, R., 1993. S-M-L-XL. s.l.:THE MONACELLI PRESS.
-Koolhaas, R., 1994. Delirious New York. A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan. New York: The Monacelli Press.
-Lam, E., 2013. Narrative Structures: The Nolli Plan and the Roman Experience. Στο: I. V. a. A. Ceen, επιμ. Giambattista Nolli and Rome: Mapping the City before and after the Pianta Grande. Rome: Studium Urbis, pp. 81-90.
-Laugier, M.-A., 1977. Essay on Architecture. Los Angeles: Hennessty & Ingalls.
- Lee, M., 2015. Two Deserted Islands. San Rocco, Οκτώβριος.
-Lohrmann, K., 1978. "The City in the City Berlin: A Green Archipelago. A manifesto". Lotus International, June.
-Moneo, R., 1978. On Typology. Oppositions, Summer.
-Mrinalini Verma, P. H., 2016. Theory of Settlements
-Rossi, A., 1987. Η Αρχιτεκτονική της Πόλης. Θεσσαλονίκη: Σύγχρονα Θέματα.
-Ungers, O. M., 1977. The City in the City – Berlin: A Green Archipelago. 2013 επιμ. s.l.:Lars Müller Publishers.
-Vidler, A., 1977. The Idea of Type: The Transformation of the Academic Ideal, 1750-1830. Oppositions, Spring.
-Αριστοτέλης, 4ος αι π Χ Πολιτικά Α'. s.l.:s.n.
-Γιαννακόπουλος, Α., 2014. Περιοδική Αρχιτεκτονική: Rem vs H&Dem. [Ηλεκτρονικό] Available at: https://issuu.com/tasosgianakos/docs/ [Πρόσβαση 22 Ιούνιος 2022].
-Λαδιανού Ράνια, Μ. Μ. Ε., 2020. Issuu. [Ηλεκτρονικό] Available at: https://issuu.com/gradreview/docs/ladianoumanga_ere_2020_/1 [Πρόσβαση 25 May 2022].
-Λόης Παπαδόπουλος, Γ. Π. Σ. Τ. επιμ., 1978. Η
Θεσσαλονίκη: Σύγχρονα Θέματα.
ΠΗΓΕΣΕΙΚΟΝΟΓΡΑΦΗΣΗΣ
-1.1: San Cataldo Cemetery, Aldo Rossi, Modena, Italy.
Πηγή: https://architectuul.com/architecture/san-cataldo-cemetery
-1.2: Μακέτα, Περιοδικό San Rocco 1, Islands.
Πηγή: https://www.abitare.it/en/design-en/2011/04/14/san-rocco-1-islands-2/
-1.3: Forum Τραϊανού, Αξονομετρικό.
Πηγή: Rossi, A., 1987. Η Αρχιτεκτονική της Πόλης. Θεσσαλονίκη: Σύγχρονα Θέματα.
-1.4: Sixtus V Urban Plan, Αξονομετρικό.
Πηγή: Rossi, A., 1987. Η Αρχιτεκτονική
Θέματα.
-1.5: Αρχαία πόλη της Μιλήτου, Κάτοψη
Πηγή: http://www.fhw.gr/choros/miletus/gr/index.php
-2.1: Κατάλογος τυπολογιών, On Typology, Raphael Moneo
Πηγή: https://maquinasdefuego.blogspot.com/2016/04/160419rafaelmoneoon-typology-1978.html
-2.2: Σχηματοποίηση
, On Typology, Raphael Moneo
Πηγή: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/592/1/012105/pdf
-2.3: Τυπολογική διαδικασία, Οι γενεαλογίες τριών έργων
Πηγή: https://www.acsaarch.org/proceedings/Fall%20Conference%20Proceedings/ACSA.FALL.17/AC SA.FALL.17.22.pdf
-3.1: Pianta Grante di Roma, Giambattista Nolli, 1748.
Πηγή: https://medium.com/@why0918/nolliapp-project-c6fc2c2bc56d
-3.4: Διάγραμμα figure-ground, Collage City, Colin Rowe & Fred Koetter.
Πηγή: https://morphocode.com/figure-ground-diagram/
-3.5: Στιγμιότυπο από τον χάρτη του Nolli, Nolli map app for iOS.
Πηγή: https://nolli-app.com/
-3.6: Στιγμιότυπ
Nolli, Nolli map app for iOS.
Πηγή: https://nolli-app.com/
-4.1: Masterplan Berlin as a Green Archipelago, O.M. Ungers & Rem Koolhaas.
Πηγή: https://busratanoglu.wordpress.com/2019/11/30/individual-responsefor-the-city-as-archipelago-by-oswald-mathias-ungers/
-4.2: Φωτογραφία
2018
Πηγή: Προσωπικό αρχείο
-4.3: Διαγράμματα κριτικής αποκατάστασης Berlin as a Green Archipelago, O.M. Ungers & Rem Koolhaas
Πηγή: https://busratanoglu.wordpress.com/2019/11/30/individual-responsefor-the-city-as-archipelago-by-oswald-mathias-ungers/
-4.4: Φωτογραφία από το Σεϊτάνι
Πηγή: Προσωπικό αρχείο
Σάμου, Ματούλα Κρουστάλλη, 2018
-4.5: Poster ταινίας Wings of Desire, Ψυχροπολεμικό Βερολίνο Wim Wenders
Πηγή: https://www.somervilletheatre.com/production/wings-of-desire/
-4.6: Märkisches Viertel Housing Complex, Berlin, Oswald Mathias Ungers, , 1962–1967, Αξονομετρικό
Πηγή: Aureli, P. V., 2011. The Possibilty of an Absolute Architecture. Cambridge: THE MIT PRESS.
-4.7: Η διαλεκτική του
Morsbroich του Ungers διαστρεβλώνει
Πηγή: https://www.theplanjournal.com/article/form-after-urbanism-potentialgrossform
-5.1 Διάγραμμα figure-ground, Manhattan Grid.
Πηγή: https://www.architecturalreview.com/Pictures/web/e/l/a/Hastings_0_380.jpg
-5.2: Πλήθυσμιακή συμφόρηση, Coney Island, Delirious New York, Rem Koolhaas.
Πηγή: Koolhaas, R., 1994. Delirious New York. A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan. New York: The Monacelli Press.
-5.3: The City of the Captive Globe, Delirious New York, Rem Koolhaas, Αξονομετρικό.
Πηγή: Koolhaas, R., 1994. Delirious New York. A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan. New York: The Monacelli Press.
-5.4: Welfare Palace Hotel Project, Roosevelt Island, New York, Rem Koolhaas, Zoe Zenghelis, Cutaway Axonometric
Πηγή: https://www moma org/collection/works/820
-5.5: New Welfare Island Project, Roosevelt Island, New York, Rem Koolhaas, Zoe Zenghelis, Aerial Perspective.
Πηγή: https://www.moma.org/collection/works/819
(Cacciari, Αρχιπέλαγος, 1999)
