World Studies Final Review Time Period, Event, or Era
Ideas…important info…people…events
Hinduism: India, Reincarnation, one god & many gods Buddhism: Reincarnation, started by Siddhartha Gotama, Nirvana is the goal = no More reincarnation, 4 Noble Truths = life is full of pain and suffering Karma determines your reincarnation Confucianism: philosophy, 5 relationships, filial piety (respect parents) Daoism: created by Laozi, be like nature & avoid conflict, gov’t is unnatural & creates Problems, live according to “the way” or “the dao” Middle Ages Feudalism = structure of society (kings, nobles, lords, knights, serfs) owe loyalty to the (5001300’s) Group above, Church has ultimate power in society, 1095 = crusades begin (holy wars Between Christians and Muslims over the holy land / Jerusalem), Black Death wipes Out over 25 million. Rise of Islam Muhammad (570632) the prophet of Islam, kicked out of Mecca only to return with Strong following, Kaaba is center of Mecca, Koran = holy book of Islam, 5 pillars = 1. Profess your faith 2. pray 5x a day facing Mecca 3. Charity 2 ½% 4. Fast During Ramadan 5. Hajj to Mecca, Jihad = internal / external struggle, Muhammad Dies = split into Sunni & Shiite Muslims Renaissance Rebirth of classical culture from ancient Rome (begins in Italy), Humanism = focus (13501600’s) On worldly concerns, Artists = daVinci & Michelangelo, Gutenburg invents printing Press, Martin Luther protests church & posts 95 thesis = Reformation, Scientific Revolution = view changes from geo to heliocentric (Copernicus), Newton reveals Theory of gravity… European Exploration Countries Involved: France, Spain, Portugal, England…Goal: direct sea route to the (15001600’s) East (China, India) to get spices & goods, Columbus underestimated globe = hits North America, Cortez goes to Mexico & conquers Aztecs, Purpose = get natural Resources, land, power & spread religion Columbian Exchange = first global trade and exchange from East to West Eastern Religions
The Enlightenment 16001700’s
French Revolution Late 1700’s
Industrial Revolution 1800’s
Trust in Human Reason to solve all social & government problems. Hobbes: life is nasty, brutish, short, enter into social contract for safety Locke: natural rights = life, liberty & property, gov’t job to protect natural rights. Montesquieu: best government = 3 branches to balance power Rousseau: People are naturally good but corrupted by society All of these ideas contribute to the American Revolution Society is broken into 3 estates, 3rd Estate (poor) are taxed unfairly and have no food. Tennis Court Oath = 3rd estate promise to write a new constitutions, July 14th 1789 = Storming of the Bastille = Spark to revolution, Reign of Terror = 2 year period when Robespierre controlled revolutionary courts = killed if antirevolutionary, Napoleon = Took control of France after the revolution…he tried to invade Russia in 1812 & Failed. Big Idea = shift from human/animal power to machine/factory power, agricultural to Industrial, Urbanization = movement of population to cities, rapid population growth,
Imperialism Late 1800’s – 1914
WWI 19141918
Russian Revolution 1917
WWII
Cold War
Started in Great Britain (natural resources there) moved to America, Thomas Malthus = Concerned with pop. Outgrowing food supply, Adam Smith=Laissez Faire theory that Gov’t keeps hands off the economy, Karl Marx = Communist Manifest, Haves will be Overthrown & lose control of Means of Production by havenots, Darwin = evolution Imperialism = powerful European countries took over various parts of the world to Gain power, resources, slaves, spread religion. Imperial nations = Western European countries (England, France, Spain, Germany…) Imperialized = Africa, India, China, Southeast Asia Resistance = Sepoy Rebellion (India), Opium War (China), Boxer Rebellion (China) Princip shoots Archduke Franz Ferdinand = spark, Allies = France, Britain, Russia & U.S. (in 1917), Central Powers = Germany, Austria Hungary, Ottoman Empire. Trench Warfare & nomans land = stalemate along Western Front, 1917 = U.S. enters War because of 1. Zimmerman note 2. Lusitania is sunk. 1917, Russia pulls out of war Because of revolution led by Lenin. Nov. 11th, 11am 1918 armistice is signed ending Fighting. Treaty of Versailles punishes Germany for WWI. 1905 = Bloody Sunday (spark to revolution), 1917 = Feb & Oct. revolutions = Lenin & Bolsheviks take over, 19181920 = Civil War (reds vs. whites…reds win), 1918 = Czar Nicholas II abdicates and is killed, 1924 Lenin dies…Stalin takes over, Stalin Uses two FYPs to modernize, Purges kill thousands, Gulag = labor camps, 1953 = Stalin dies…by 1961 Russia begins process of DeStalinization. 1933 = Hilter takes control of Germany, world appeases him, 1939 Hitler invades Poland = WWII begins. Hitler’s book = Mein Kampf = final solution. Dec. 7th, 1941 = Japan attacks Pearl Harbor = US involved in war, June 6th 1944 = DDay = Allied Invasion of France to defeat Hitler, Holocaust = Nazi plan, 6 million Jews killed, Concentration camps are liberated by allies , May 8th 1945 = VE day Pacific War = U.S. island hopping to Japan, Truman drops bombs: Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japanese internment camps in U.S. 19451991 (fall of Soviet Union), Nuclear Standoff between U.S. & Soviet Union, MAD = mutually assured destruction = kept us from using nukes, Cuban Missile Crisis = soviets place nukes on Cuba (Fidel Castro)…President Kennedy averts Disaster (closest we came to nuclear war). Berlin Wall built in 1962, falls in 1989, it Split Berlin Germany, wall built by Soviets. Cold War ends in 1991 = fall of USSR