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GENEWS
May 2021
10th National Intercollegiate Genetics Quiz Contest Goes Virtual by Pauline Anthonette De Juras Batch Hachimoji
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he UPLB Genetics Society held its 10th National Intercollegiate Genetics Quiz Contest (NIGQC) with the theme “The Battle Against COVID-19: Securing Genetic Defenses and Building Immunogenetic Barriers.” Thirteen universities competed for the NIGQC 2020 title. The event held on November 21, 2020 let the college students experience an individual examination, a lecture webinar, and a multi-level group quiz contest—all done remotely.
participating universities: Ateneo de Manila University, Ateneo de Zamboanga University, Batangas State University, De La Salle University—Dasmarinas, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Pangasinan State University, Silliman University, University of Eastern Philippines, University of San Carlos, University of Santo Tomas, University of the Philippines Manila, Visayas State University, and Xavier University—Ateneo de Cagayan.
The NIGQC 2020 started with the opening remarks of the NIGQC Steering Committee Head, Aimee Montes (Isochore). She then continued on explaining the contest mechanics for the individual written exam, the Synapsis Round. Afterwards, the event hosts—Kyle Francisco (Polyplex) and Drew Baysa (Polyplex) introduced the thirteen
Following the opening ceremony, the Synapsis Round of the contest started. The participants competed via the messaging and digital distribution platform Discord and a web service platform Quilgo, which attaches timers and anticheating add-ons to Google forms. This 40-item individual written exam primarily focused on the application of immunogenetics.
Succeeding the Synapsis Round, Dr. Emilio Villanueva III, MSc, DPSP, a Clinical Associate Professor of UPCM, and a Biostatistician of UPPGH presented an informative lecture. Dr. Marcos B. Valdez, Jr., a University Research Fellow of the Far Eastern University, then followed through with his talk on immunogenetics. Their well thought out presentations were live streamed through Facebook to reach a broader audience. After the lecture webinar and talk, the Dogma Round started in the video conferencing platform Zoom. This round was further divided into three rounds, namely Initiation, Elongation and Termination. Each level has ten questions and corresponding time limits. At the end of the Initiation Round Ateneo de Manila University, De La Salle University—Dasmarinas, University of San Carlos, and University of Santo Tomas had the early lead with fourteen points. In the succeeding round, Ateneo de Zamboanga University gathered the most with thirteen points. In the Termination Round, University of San Carlos bagged the most with twenty points. At the conclusion of the Dogma round of the group quiz, the hosts announced the result for the Synapsis Round. Montes presented the certificates of Participation and Appreciation to the attendees. Francesca Amor V. Reyes from the University of the Philippines Manila bagged NIGQC 2020’s Synapsis Round top scorer achievement.
Following the recognition of excellence for the Synapsis Round, the Genetic Drift Round began. This round not only tested the participant’s knowledge on Genetics but also their wits to strategize and be able to turn the tables and win the competition. This ending round for the group quiz included seven questions of varying points, as well as multipliers that may increase or decrease the scores. At the end of this round, University of Santo Tomas had the highest addition to their total points, garnering fifteen points. As the program approached its end, John Kenneth S. Tria (Allosyndesis), the incumbent president of The UPLB Genetics Society, delivered his closing remarks. Thereafter, the awarding for the top NIGQC took place to mark the end of the eventful day. The University of Santo Tomas came on top and claimed first place. Then, Ateneo de Manila University and University of San Carlos followed and took 1st runner-up and 2nd runner-up, respectively. Even with the challenges faced during the pandemic, this event persisted and students took the challenge of sharpening their knowledge on genetics and its relevance in society. The UPLB Genetics Society sincerely extends its gratitude to the participants, members, and sponsor and media partners. GeneSoc will continue to organize events that promote the science of Genetics in the context of social relevance.
GENEWS
2nd Semester
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UPLB Welcomes New Roster of Student Leaders, Gutierrez Wins Student Council Race by Christian Natanauan
Batch Ikirara
T
he University of the Philippines Los Baños campus elections for the Academic Year 2021-2022 University Student Council (USC) and councils for the university colleges commenced on March 1619, 2021. They have released the final votes for the general elections at the night of March 19th and garnered 44.16% voters’ turnout, with a final tally of 5,115 votes out of 11,581 student voters. Abstain votes do not outnumber any of the positions, with all electoral seats being occupied by their respective councilors. Former Student Regent candidate Siegfred Severino led the newly elected USC officers for USC Chairperson with 4394 votes and Former League of Filipino Students (LFS) - UPLB chairperson Shaira Daludado for Vice Chairperson with 4294 votes. Winning as University Student Council councilors are Paola Beatriz Quidilig (3367), Gean Celestial (3336), Agnes Gutierrez (3248), Bianca Katalbas (3248), Clarice Sumagaysay (3174),
Christian Reginio (3052), Arveil Briones (2946), and Michael Olarita (2870). The entire list of elected USC councilors represent Samahan ng Kabataan para sa Bayan (SAKBAYAN), snagging a clean sweep for the allianceparty. SAKBAYAN was the only university-wide political party that offered their candidates for this election year, while representatives from college political parties ADLAW CEM, CEAT Alliance for Student Empowerment (CEASE) and the Veterinary Medical Students’ Alliance (VMSA) have filled up the seats for respective college councilor nominations. Meanwhile, independent candidates ran for the Graduate School Student Council (GSSC) elections. The UPLB Genetics Society’s very own Agnes Gwyneth Gutierrez secured a spot as USC Councilor. Agnes is a current member of GeneSoc’s Publicity Committee and was the 2020 Sponsorship Committee Head of National Intercollegiate Genetics Quiz
Contest, a major event of the organization. She is also a current member of UPLB Gabay Volunteer Corps and volunteered to Serve The People Brigade - UPLB in Tulong for Taal in January 2020. This roster of USC student leaders have laid out their main advocacies in their General Plan of Action, with major points revolving around the withholding of student academic freedom and democratic student rights, the security of universitywide unification and freedom, and the establishment of justice in the nationwide community. The elected USC officers have started their term as the university’s USC after their oathtaking ceremony last April 8, 2021. Their term length will last until the next student council elections. For the full list of winners (including those of the university colleges), you may visit UPLB Perspective’s Twitter thread: twitter.com/uplbperspective/ status/1372873950158487552.
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GENEWS
May 2021
GeneTalk. Dr. Villanueva explained the application of recombinant DNA technology in laboratory diagnostics, then answered several significant questions on the nature of recombinant DNA technology in the Philippine scene
GeneSoc Launches First-Ever Virtual Genetics Camp by Justin Gabriel Badlis
Batch Crypton
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he UPLB Genetics Society conducted its first online Genetics Camp on April 10 and 11, 2021 via the online video calling platform Zoom, with the theme: BioenGENEers: Examining the Role of Recombinant DNA Technology Amidst Recent Challenges in Public Health. Despite the ongoing pandemic, the future generation continues to strive in their pursuit of knowledge, as 11 high schools from all across the Philippines came together in participation for GenCamp 2021.
Genetics Camp is an annual 2-day event hosted by the organization, aiming to promote the science of Genetics among high school students across the country. It boasts a multitude of activities, which include hands-on laboratory activities, a debate contest, and seminars by invited speakers. However, the recent imposition of an online set-up required a more flexible line-up of events. As such, the event heads have organized an addition of new activities, including its very first Research Group Proposal, usage of molecular visualization software PyMOL in lab activities, and the inclusion of both a video and poster-making contest. GenCamp 2021 commenced as the Day 1 hosts, Dorothy Jane Manzano (Ikirara) and Justin Gabriel Badlis (Crypton), recognized the 11 participating schools: Ateneo de Manila Senior High School, Rizal National Science High School, College of St. Anthony, University of Batangas Senior High School, Philippine Science High School – Central Luzon Campus, UP Integrated School, Philippine Science High School – Central Visayas Campus, Lyceum of the Philippines University – Batangas, Columban College Inc., Philippine Science High School MIMAROPA
Region Campus, and Mapua Senior High School. Afterwards, a word from the incumbent president of the UPLB Genetics Society, John Kenneth Tria (Allosyndesis), officially marked the opening of the event. Succeeding the opening remarks was the first GeneTalk with the UPLB - Institute of Biological Sciences’ (IBS) very own, Mr. Emmanuel Galang. Armed with a white board and dashing looks, his discussion revolved around how the breakthrough CRISPR technology may help in the diagnosis and prevention of diseases. Succeeding the GeneTalk and a short Q&A was the first part of the Laboratory Activities that require the involvement of all participants present. In their respective breakout rooms, proctors and other resident members supervised the respective day’s lab activity. For Day 1, an introductory activity on the Mendelian principles was done, where participants were to create a Punnett square of a monohybrid cross from their given unique corn samples. The Research Proposal Contest was the highlight of GenCamp Day 1, presided by Alyssa Ausa
(Polyplex). This portion involved the defense of research proposals done before actual implementation, wherein groups from each school were to present their novel ideas for promising research topics in the field of Genetics and its related sciences. The research proposals were scored and the best presenter was chosen by the judges: Mr. Mark Anthony Rabena, Dr. Roberta R. Garcia, and Dr. Abriel S. Bulasag; all currently professors in UPLB. The Research Group Proposal marked the end of Day 1’s roster of activities, as a photo op sent off participants with a smile while they await for the second day of GenCamp 2021. Day 2 of GenCamp 2021 started off with a bang as hosts Christian Natanauan (Ikirara) and Briana Seth Castro (Hachimoji) excitedly opened the day with a roll call of the participating schools. Subsequently, Professor Ivy Lambio (current junior adviser, The UPLB Genetics Society) gave a few inspiring words to start the day. Dr. Emilio Villanueva III, a clinical associate professor at the Department of Pathology in the College of Medicine - University of the Philippines Manila, led the discussion for the second
Right after Dr. Villanueva’s GeneTalk was the laboratory activity for Day 2, which featured the study of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, an enzyme found within our very own bodies, and its interaction with the SARS-CoV-2 spike domain which allowed for its pathogenicity on human populations. This was done through the molecular visualization software named PyMOL, that allowed the participants to visualize the molecular structure, the intermolecular interactions between molecules, and the application of such principles in the research and study of diseases and vaccines. By the end of the lab activity, the participants were able to familiarize themselves with PyMOL, gaining a better understanding on how such interactions between such molecular structures allowed the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2. Succeeding the laboratory activity was the most-awaited GeneSoc’s Search for the Young Genetics Ambassador (YGA), presided by Jonalyn Catedrilla (Polyplex). This featured the presentation of the chosen advocacy of each school’s designated ambassador, followed by a Q&A portion to further explicate their given speech. The advocacy speech had to be related to the science of genetics and its related fields, and exemplify how the youth can use their voice and abilities to exude a passion for science that directs towards national progress. Questions were provided and scores were given by the esteemed judges: Asst. Prof. April Manalang and Asst. Prof. Riaflor Alcabedos; both under the Genetics and Molecular Biology Division of IBS in UPLB. The Awarding Ceremony took place after the awe-inspiring presentations of the young ambassadors. Linus Van O. Plata, PhD., a senior lecturer of the Department of Humanities, Prof. Rogelio P. Panuelos, a faculty member of the Department of Humanities, and Prof. Aimee Cagalawan, assistant professor of the Institute of Biological Sciences, judged the entries for the essay writing contest. Jorge Arnold Chan from Philippine Science High School – Central Visayas Campus won the contest. Joelle Victoria Catibog from UP Integrated School and Julyan Emmanuelle Mendoza from University of Batangas
2nd Semester
GENEWS
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followed his lead as 1st runner-up and second runner-up, respectively. On the other hand, Prof. Frederick Precillas, a faculty member of the Department of Humanities, Jayson Gandia (Riboprobes), and Prof. Juliet Magpantay judged the entries for the digital poster making contest. Robert Patrick Talabis from the University of Batangas triumphed over the other contestants. Exequiel Cas won 1st runner-up, while Kiela Zionne Amihan won 2nd runner-up. Both students hail from Lyceum of the Philippines University – Batangas. For the breakthrough video contest, Prof. Hanzel gapayao from De La Salle University (DLSU) Manila, Prof. Jualim Vela, a visiting faculty for the Philippine High School for the Arts and a UPLB professor, and Prof. Engelbert Talunton, an artist director at the Integrated School of DLSU – Science and Technology Complex judged the entries. University of Batangas Senior High School presented the best video among the rest of the submissions. Philippine Science High School – Central Visayas Campus and Ateneo de Manila University – Senior High School won 1st and 2nd runnersup, respectively. GenCamp 2021 also crowned its newest Young Genetics Ambassador, Erin Patricia Del Rosario from Philippine Science High School – Central Luzon Campus. The 1st and 2nd runnersup are Mineli Joyce Cinco of Rizal National Science High School and Ninna Beatrice Rivera of Ateneo de Manila University, respectively. For the research proposal competition, Ateneo de Manila
Dr. Villanueva discusses recombinant DNA technology during his GeneTalk
University Senior High School and their presenters, Aaron John Cacas, Nina Veronica Doctor, and Audrey Dominique Sotto, brought home the bacon with their proposal entitled “Epigenetic Analysis: Effects of Heavy Metal (Pb, Cr, Cu) Exposure on Snakehead Murrel (Channa striata) DNA Methylation Profiles and Fish Growth. Philippine Science High School – Central Luzon Campus and their presenters, Pauline There Dayo, Ianna Evelei Austria, John Denver Payongyong, who won the award for best presenter, bagged the 1st runnerup award with their proposal entitled “Analysis of Cannabidiol Precursors Concentration of K. phaffi and S. cerevisiae through Recombinant DNA Technology for Medicinal Applications.” Rizal National Science High School and their presenters Joshua Ray Magpoc, Jasmine Abby Sotto, and
Marc Adrian Ignacio follow their lead as the 2nd runner-up for their proposal entitled “Development of SHERLOCK-based Testing Method for Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus (RTBV).” After tallying the overall scores, GenCamp 2021 hailed University of Batangas Senior High School as the overall winner, followed by Philippine Science High School – Central Luzon Campus and Philippine Science High School – Central Visayas Campus tied for 1st runner-up. Nikki Matta (Helraiser), the Genetics Camp Steering Committee Head, officially marked the end of the 2-day event with her closing remarks. Afterwards, a photo op was done to capture this memorable event. Despite the encountered difficulties brought about by
a fully-online set-up, every participant was still able to enjoy the myriad of activities Genetics Camp 2021 had to offer. The UPLB Genetics Society wholeheartedly extends its appreciation to the participating schools, judges, members, and sponsors for making this event possible. GeneSoc looks forward to providing more opportunities to promote the science of Genetics, especially amongst the youth, which would hopefully inspire the next generation of BioenGENEers. Be it virtual or non-virtual, the organization’s goal of spreading awareness in Genetics shall never cease and will continue to persist through generations to come through passion and excellence. For more information on GenCamp 2021 and updates on its future reestablishments, visit https://www.facebook.com/ gencamp.
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GENEWS
May 2021
National Rare Disease Week 2021:
Streamlining Awareness on Rare Diseases into the Digital World by Pauline Anthonette De Juras Batch Hachimoji
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are is Many. Rare is Strong. Rare is Proud” is the chosen theme for this year’s National Rare Disease Week (NRDW), held on February 22 to 28. Enjoined by the Volunteer Youth Leaders for Health (VYLH) - Philippines and its partner organizations, the 12th year of this national event pushed through even with the challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic. The celebration transitioned into the digital space with a webinar and a series of infographics that raised awareness about rare diseases and advocated for a more equitable and inclusive society. How rare is rare?
Rare diseases are longstanding, progressive, disabling, and life threatening conditions that affect a significantly small number of people. There are different categorizations per country when it comes to the designation of a rare disease, with the Philippine health sector identifying rare diseases
social consequences such as stigmatization, descrimination, isolation, and exclusion. Their innate rarity leads to the lack of awareness about the illnesses and the lack of support network to aid the patients; hence, coining the term “orphan disease” for these rare diseases. As of 2019, the European Journal of Human Genetics identified more than 6,000 rare diseases in the world, in which among sixty-six of these are known to have afflicted Filipinos. Some of these include Pompe Disease, Gaucher Disease, Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD), Fabry Disease, Galactosemia, Mucopolysaccharidosis and Treacher Collins Syndrome. Through the large amount of people being affected by rare diseases, communities of rare disease patients and their loved ones have been formed to offer support to one another. These rare disease communities continually uplift each other in the spirit of commonality and togetherness, having experienced the challenges
as those that affect 1 in 20,000 individuals. Having these kinds of diseases pose numerous challenges including lack of access to correct diagnosis, inadequate information about these illnesses, and unavailability of appropriate healthcare and treatment. Aside from medical challenges, rare diseases also constitute
of rare diseases. Despite the challenges they may face, these communities work together to raise awareness and advocate for equity and inclusiveness, inviting every citizen to proudly use their voices for the unheard. Through these consistent efforts to raise global awareness, rare diseases are gradually being exposed to the public, allowing the recognition of their medical and societal demands which may lead to the continuous provision of support for all rare disease patients. A Foundation of Hope for Philippine Rare Disease Patients In the Philippine scene, the annual National Rare Disease Week is celebrated through the inauguration of Presidential Proclamation 1989 signed on February 8, 2010. This weeklong event advocates for creating national awareness on rare diseases among the public and health professionals, gathering public support for the special needs of the patients. Additionally, the enactment of the Rare Disease Act (R.A. 10747) in March 2016
was a step towards having better inclusivity for persons with an orphan disease. The law led to the consideration of persons afflicted with rare disease as Persons with Disabilities (PWDs), allowing them to receive benefits inclusive of this designation. As one of the active organizations that initiate the advocacy for national rare diseases, The Philippine Society for Orphan Disorders, Inc. (PSOD) serves as an alliance of patient-members and other like-minded individuals that strive towards the goal of inclusivity and awareness. PSOD was first established as a non-stock and non-profit patient support group for rare disease patients, founded in 2006. The organization aims to support the UP - National Institutes Of Health (UP-NIH) Institute of Human Genetics in providing access to medical treatment and support care of patients with orphan disease. Furthermore, it is their mission to uphold the primary concerns and welfare of individuals with rare disorders by directly addressing,
supporting and protecting their health and general well-being. On the celebration of awareness The global observance of Rare Disease Day persisted in the digital space through eye-catching online posts highlighting testimonies, advocacies, and how countries are celebrating the event. In the country, we celebrated National Rare Disease Week by conducting a webinar entitled, “Puhon: Progress and Perspectives in Caring for the Filipino Rare” on February 25, 2021. Participants in the celebration also commemorated through a NRDW profile picture frame to further spread awareness in the Facebook platform. Numerous media partners have also provided tremendous support in sharing the series of infographics and online campaigns of the National Rare Disease Week Philippines page. Along with VYLH - Philippines, GeneSoc and its other partner organizations have participated in the various mentioned events in the week-long celebration.
2nd Semester
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GENEWS
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GeneSoc Member Wins 2020 Top CAS Student Award
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by Andriana Crisostomo
Batch Ikirara
n November 23, 2020, the College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) conferred the Top CAS Student award to The UPLB Genetics Society (GeneSoc) resident member Justin Gabriel J. Badlis (Crypton) during the 48th Founding Anniversary Recognition and Testimonial Ceremonies of the UPLB College of Arts and Sciences. A virtual awarding ceremony took place in the CAS Facebook page due to the limitations brought about by the current pandemic.
Justin is currently a BS Biology Sophomore student. In the start of his freshman year, Justin immediately showed his brilliance when he placed Top 3 in the University of the Philippines Admission Test - Los Baños and Top 1 in the BS Biology Batch of 2019. It comes with no surprise that he has yet again proved that his perseverance and intellect is worthy of recognition. In line with his consistent excellence in academics, Justin considers himself to be like any other student― hustling to meet deadlines, staying up late to review for exams, and cramming days worth of tasks. He
also claims to have no specific study habits as he spends most of his time dancing and listening to kpop, reading mangas, and playing online games.
environment which makes him consider taking Plant Biology, Ecology, or even Systematics as his major. With his natural curiosity and appreciation for the
“It’s not that I’m doing anything special, but the people around me do. And they inspire me to do better.” -Justin Badlis Despite the current setup, he still manages to maintain his enthusiastic and easygoing personality. Justin also finds a unique fondness for the
beauty of knowledge, he plans to get a postgraduate degree in Marine Science and delve into research. Apart from this, Justin is also skilled in the arts.
He is currently a member of GeneSoc’s Projects Committee in which he is able to showcase his talents and ideas in the various exhibits of the organization. His leadership skills also manifests in the organization, as he currently serves as the cohead of the supplies committee of GeneSoc’s outreach programs. He also served as the head of invitations committee in the National Intercollegiate Genetics Quiz Contest 2020. He has also previously managed his own art account where he was able to compile his drawings of his favorite characters and K-Pop artists.
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News
GENEWS
May 2021
SARS-CoV-2 PH variant: FOE OR FAUX?
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by Drew Kyla Baysa Batch Polyplex
espite having the longest and strictest lockdown in the world, COVID-19 cases in the Philippines continue to rise. On April 2, 2021, the country logged almost 15, 310 positive cases, its highest count since the onset of the pandemic in February 2020. This brings the total to 971, 049 cases, 16,370 of whom have already died as of April 22, 2021. New challenges arise as a new variant of SARSCoV-2 was recently reported in Central Visayas last March 10, 2021.
The World Health Organization (WHO) raised the motion to declare the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, with over 115 million infections and 2.5 million deaths as of March 2, 2021. SARS-CoV-2’s unregulated global dissemination has resulted in several viral lineages circulating across the planet, with at least three (3) variants flagged as variants of concern—B.1.1.7 (United Kingdom), B1.351 (South Africa) and P.1 (Brazil). This alarmed citizens worldwide, concerned about the pathogenicity of the new strains. Why are there new strains of SARS-CoV 2? Viruses are constantly evolving because of genetic selection. Even the simplest RNA viruses, which have about 7,400 nucleotides per genome, produce mutants regularly, perhaps as much as once per genome copy. Viruses with the same mutations will develop a variant. The N501Y mutation is present in all three VOCs, which has been related to increased transmissibility. Meanwhile,
studies have found the E484K mutation in B1.351 and P.1 variants, which may influence vaccine efficacy. What do we know about the new variant in the Philippines? According to the Philippine Genome Center, a new COVID-19 variant officially designated as Lineage “P.3” was discovered in the Philippines on March 10, 2021. (PGC). The variant was discovered in local samples collected in Central Visayas on the same dates as a sharp increase in COVID-19 cases in the area. PGC also reported that multiple mutations in the virus’s spike protein have been discovered in the identified variant, all of which are likely to have functional significance. The E484K, N501Y, and P681H mutations, in particular, have been linked to known SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, and, when combined with a three-aminoacid deletion at spike positions 141 to 143, have been linked to increased transmissibility and immune escape mutation linked to a reduction in the neutralizing function of vaccine-elicited antibodies in some studies.
Although the P3 variant found in the Philippines has these two mutations, Health Secretary Francisco Duque says it is still “not classified as a variant of concern” because “current available data are inadequate to conclude whether the variant would have major public health consequences.” Dr. Cynthia Saloma of the Philippine Genome Center also assured that it is less likely to have increased pathogenicity, but its mutation suggests that it is more transmissible. Will the COVID-19 vaccine work on the new variant? Some immune responses elicited by current vaccines may be less successful against some of the latest strains, according to new evidence from laboratory studies. A reduction in one aspect of the immune response does not mean that the vaccines will not provide defense. Reported cases from Central Visayas proved the existence of these new variants from collected nasopharyngeal swabs from SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. This virus continues to be an enemy, especially with its ability to mutate rapidly, affecting the lives of billions of people. There is still no sufficient data about the P3 variant however, it is still important to stay vigilant and follow precautions to avoid the virus. As long as SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread, mutation will take place. A foe for one and a foe for all.
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2020 research published in the online journal Nature by scientists Hugo Zeberg and Svante Pääbo (Karolinska Institute, Sweden and Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Germany) uncovered association of a neanderthal gene region on human chromosome 3 to the vulnerability to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A study by the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative found that the inheritance of this neanderthal gene heightens the probability to be hospitalized with COVID-19 by about 60%. Along with this neanderthal gene region, studies report that an ABO group-related region on human chromosome 9 causes the same effects. The inheritance of the neanderthal region made up of six genes is due to a detection of high linkage disequilibrium (LD) among the genes (r2 > 0.98). This implies that the neanderthal haplotypes closely
GENEWS
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Research Reveals Relation of Neanderthal Gene Sequence to COVID-19 Susceptibility relate to each other in a locus and are more likely to avoid random inheritance, thus being inherited with one another and should allow the expression of the desirable gene trait. High LD can also cause a specific haplotype to rapidly increase in frequency, further enhancing the gene expression of the allele it is carrying. Therefore, higher rates of LD can help determine the heritability of the haplotype in an evolutionary chain which has allowed for the mapping and gene analysis of the neanderthal gene region. Through LD calculations and comparisons with haplotypes from the database of the 1000 Genomes Project, genomic information originating from the neanderthals of Vindija, Croatia are highly related to the presentday neanderthal gene region that affects COVID-19 susceptibility. Bangladeshi genes
by Christian Natanauan Batch Ikirara
had the highest frequency of neanderthal gene inheritance, with about 63% of the population carrying at least one copy of the haplotype and 13% that are homozygous for the haplotype. Other regions discovered to have inherited high frequencies of the gene are South Asia (50% carry at least one copy, 30% allele frequency), Europe (16% carry at least one copy, 8% allele frequency) and the Americas (9% carry at least one copy, 7% allele frequency). The inheritance of this gene region is almost completely absent in African genomes, attesting to the premise that presence of neanderthals in the continent was not prominent in prehistoric times. Most
astonishingly, genomes from East Asia were also almost completely absent of the neanderthal gene, despite having the highest recorded frequency of neanderthal population. This implies that specific time events may have led to region-specific negative selection of neanderthal genes in the East Asia region. They have also found that the positive selection of this neanderthal risk haplotype brings forth deleterious effects when expressed in a human body system. Current studies have yet to determine whether the gene region only affects SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility, or if it allows humans to be susceptible to other pathogens as well. Even so, the promising use of modern gene mapping technology can contribute to the determination of further implications of this neanderthal gene region and may help unravel its association with other dangerous viral agents.
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GENEWS
May 2021
by Lana Rose Mangi
Batch Ikirara
Emergence of ‘Recombinant’ SARS-CoV-2 from the Merging of Two Variants
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arly this February, researchers from Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico had recently discovered the first possible coronavirus hybrid created by a recombination event between two mutated strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), one originated from the UK and the other from California, US. The preliminary findings have been disclosed in a virtual scientific conference by Dr. Bette Korber. However, this discovery has yet to be published and is currently being peer-reviewed. Recombination is a fundamental part of coronaviruses’ life cycle. In a study published in January, researchers have infected cells with coronaviruses and monitored all the genome copies they made and they found a lot of jumping on and off concluding that recombination is indeed part of the viruses’ existence. How did this recombinant virus come to exist? Recombination allows the genetic material of two closely related viruses to come together to form a novel recombinant hybrid. This event can occur when host cells are co-infected with two different variants at once. In this case, the B.1.1.7 variant from the United Kingdom and the B.1.429 from California, US, where both carry mutations on their spike proteins.
Inside the infected host cell, specific viral proteins move along the length of the virus’ RNA genome to make copies of it. These viral proteins are prone to slipping off of the RNA genome it is copying and may hop onto another genome. In this recombination event, there are two different SARS-CoV-2 variants inside the host cell, where the viral proteins have the tendency to jump from one to another variant genome thus creating a mutated hybrid of coronaviruses with a different or combined pathogenic properties. What risks does this recombinant virus pose? Although only a single genome out of thousands has been discovered, it still concerns experts and epidemiologists as this hybrid may pose a bigger threat to public health. From the combination of a highly transmissible B.1.1.7 and an antibody-resistant B.1.429, it is not surprising that this hybrid may get both worst traits from its parent’s genomes. Dr. Korber said at the conference, “This kind of event could allow the virus to have coupled a more infectious virus with a more resistant virus.” There is a high risk of co-infection with the aforementioned variants especially with the recent surge of COVID-19 cases in Los Angeles caused by two variants that may lead to the merging of their
genomes by recombination. However, based on the preliminary findings from the laboratory, there is still no evidence that this hybrid is being transmitted among the people. Thus, it is still unclear whether it is really more deadly and infectious to humans than the ones that have been circulating in the population. Should we be worried about this? While this discovery is concerning, it is not surprising and is actually expected by researchers during the surfacing of the pandemic, given that recombination is a natural evolutionary mechanism among coronaviruses. In fact, most scientists think that it is possible that a recombination event gave rise to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 that could infect human cells. Although recombination among coronaviruses sounds like a bad thing given that the resulting hybrid may carry the worst possible traits, the habit of recombination these viruses have may also be a vulnerability that can be used against them. Aside from the fact that it could contribute to our understanding of the SARS-Cov-2 virus itself, we may develop drugs that specifically target the proteins involved in the recombination to destroy their ability to replicate and to infect other cells. Furthermore, it could help in the development of vaccines in order to prevent a future pandemic to happen.
GENEWS
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DA-BAI Begins Vaccine Trial Against Dreaded African Swine Fever by Daniel Varias
Batch Isochore
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he Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Animal Industry (DA-BAI) has launched its initial trials for African Swine Fever (ASF) vaccine in critical areas in the Philippines, Agriculture Secretary William Dar disclosed on April 26, 2021.
In September 2019, Zoetis received a non-exclusive license agreement with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the organization discoursing with DA regarding including the Philippines in ASF vaccine trial tests undergoing in Washington.
Dar announced on the Sulong Pilipinas 2021 forum that the trials commenced on April 23, and the department also made connections with 10 private companies for the trial tests of ASF vaccines in the country. One of these partner companies is Zoetis Inc., the world’s leading producer of veterinary drugs, therapeutics, and vaccines.
Zoetis has revealed their approach to African Swine Fever via live attenuated vaccine strains of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV). To produce live attenuated viruses, vaccine developers delete the 9GL gene and genes from multigene families (MGFs) 360 and 505 from the doublestranded DNA genome of ASFV. Studies prove the
association of these genes to ASFV virulence. Also, the live attenuated ASFV confers a protective response to the swine when it becomes reinoculated with a virulent isolate. “The vaccine trials complement our ongoing ‘Bantay ASF sa Barangay’ program. We consider it as the proverbial ‘light at the end of the tunnel’ that would free us from this dark episode that adversely affected our swine industry, and pork supply and prices,” Dar said. He also mentioned how they coordinate with provincial veterinarians in conducting and monitoring the trials for 84 days. He
assured the execution of the latest protocols set by the government technical working group, vaccine manufacturers, and Zoetis Philippines, Inc. “The trials in the respective farms will depend on the agreement by the concerned parties, the availability of trial animals, schedule of the farm and BAI veterinarian and Zoetis representatives,” Dar added. According to the latest data from DA, the Philippines is currently on a 10-month low of 286 confirmed ASF cases in March. The ASF cases in the country also continues to decline, with only 98 ASF cases confirmed in April.
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May 2021
Genequiry: Overcoming Remote Learning Challenges in Appreciating Genetics
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by Nelieza Tubeza Batch Polyplex
ore than a year ago, GeneSoc has conducted their first BIO 30 tutorials for the second semester of the academic year 2019–2020. Little did we know, that was indefinitely the last tutorial session held in the Institute of Biological Sciences. The modality of learning suddenly shifted. Students, professors, and student organizations experienced challenges to adapt to a myriad of changes. Classes transferred to remote online learning means. Meanwhile, BIO 30 remains as one of the challenging courses in a student’s initial years in UPLB. Since GeneSoc recognizes how essential it is for students to gain mastery in the lessons in genetics, the organization’s education committee gave birth to its brainchild: Genequiry—a Discord server for BIO 30 students. This initiative offers free consultations and review nights before every quiz and exams in Genetics. The committee hopes to ease the anxiety of students from assessments and other requirements of the course. We create and share problem sets through the Discord server, and I, GeneSoc’s Education Committee Head, discuss them and their underlying concepts
in scheduled review nights. Students can ‘genequire’ about concepts and topics in genetics that baffles them, or they can just talk about everything— from elbi life and the different options for a major program as a BS Biology student to video games and memes. The students may post their questions in a text channel or wait in a voice channel lobby, and a designated Gene will respond as soon as they can. Sure enough, a healthy discussion will follow, ensuring that the student will not close the Discord server without their Genequiries satisfied. Genequiry aspires to guide BIO 30 students to appreciate genetics and get through BIO 30, especially when demotivation can easily creep onto every student in these rough times. Last semester, we provided brief problem sets for each quiz because the department no longer requires examinations in the reformed curriculum. For this semester, however, they brought back examinations in the curriculum. Thus, BIO 30 tutorials before exams also made a comeback. On April 24, 2021, GeneSoc conducted their first virtual BIO 30 Tutorials to serve as a review session for students to prepare for their first exam. It is truly rewarding to find over 130 students taking part in the event. If IBS Lecture Hall 2 were the venue and social distancing
were not an issue, the attendees would fill the room to the brim. Mr. Jordan Abellar, a teaching associate in UPLB and a BIO 30 lab instructor, facilitated the tutorial. It has been over eight months since Genequiry started assisting BIO 30 students. Since then, we have made a handful of problem sets. We have answered countless ‘genequiries’, from
explaining mind-boggling gene interactions to interpreting extrachromosomal inheritance. And above all, we started several friendships with the concepts in genetics as catalysts. With the uncertain future ahead of us, it is likely that Genequiry will still aid BIO 30 students remotely, all in the service and support of our fellow university students towards their appreciation in the science of Genetics.
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Plants vs. Pandemics: The Search for Potential COVID-19 Treatments by Hanz Benedict Aguilar Batch Ikirara
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ising COVID-19 cases have struck the world with an increasing number of deaths every single day, with an accumulated 143 million cases and 3 million deaths. Serious Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) still has the full capacity to be a threat as there is no official medication that can ultimately treat the disease. However, due to the high demand of medical research, plant-based medical studies have opened numerous possibilities for treatment on most of the deadly diseases including COVID-19.
Application (NDA), then let the Food and Drug Administration review the drug for approval. Once approved, the drug developers and the government should cooperate in forming means to monitor and regulate the drug in the market.
These medical studies employ plant omics, a broad field which investigates plants on a cellular and molecular level through genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, glycomic, and lipidomic means. Researchers in this field use bioinformatic and machine learning tools to search for medically important sequences and/ or compounds found in plants and predict their interactions with the human cell or organs. After in silico
Bhoomika Patel and their colleagues examined the underlying antiviral activity of edible medicinal plant materials against the RNA of SARSCoV-2 which also can potentially improve immunity. The group reviewed the mechanism as to how the virus can be targeted by edible plants in relation to their structure. They have identified that two groups of proteins contribute to their unique
analyses, the compounds should undergo the drug development process. The first phase, drug developers test the compound in vitro, i.e., outside a living organism, and in vivo, within a living organism. Then, the developers should submit an Investigational New Drug (IND) application to start human clinical trials, which consists of three phases. If these clinical trials were successful, they should submit a New Drug
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characteristics: structural and non-structural proteins. The researchers reported that nonstructural proteins were the primary target for drug development. Also, they have discussed that the transfer of viral contents will not be possible without the viral spike glycoprotein that attaches to cell receptors, thus making the spike glycoprotein a relevant target in the prevention of initial entry to host cells. In relation to the spike protein, plant-derived compounds enable defense mechanisms against the initial entry of viruses with the help of their natural flavonoids. One of the inhibiting agents is emodin from the plants of family Polygonaceae, which is known to block the interaction of the spike protein. Likewise, plants’ natural proteins known as lectins target the sugar components of the spike which interferes with viral attachment and early entry. Through experimentation in the study, the flavonoids extracted from medicinal
GENEWS
plants not only can prevent viral entry, but can also potentially stop the virus from replicating. Antiviral activity of edible plants Aloe barbadensis, Ginkgo biloba, Olea europaea, and Mangifera indica has the capability to target SARS-CoV-2. Recent studies reported that natural chemical inhibitors exhibited by plants can interrupt viral replication by targeting the replicating features of the virus. This includes myricetin and scutellarein that inhibits SARS-CoV helicase. Studies can also be done to plants such as Eugenia jambolana, Areca catechu, Ocimum sanctum, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Phyllanthus emblica which were known to contain antiviral activity. Additionally, recent studies published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry reported that amino acid-derived defense metabolites from plants reveal potential sources to facilitate novel antimicrobial development, with the novel plant compounds found to exhibit biological
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activity, bioavailability, and chemical stability. These metabolites have therapeutic potential to treat a wide variety of viral pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. Why is there a need to study plants? It has been known that over 219 plants from 83 families were found to exhibit antiviral activity. Most of them have not been further investigated. This expresses that limitless possibilities await for future researchers in order to develop natural therapeutics that demonstrate absence of harmful toxicity. There is a rising need for these plants to be rigorously studied for the purpose of treating infectious diseases and preventing another lethal pandemic. Should we consume these plants as treatment or prevention against COVID-19? Even though the plants mentioned showed promising results in plant omics studies, everyone
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must keep in mind that these plants and their phytochemicals should undergo rigorous testing and processes before we can conclude that they are safe and effective against COVID-19. Drug developers should isolate the compound of interest from other compounds or metabolites, which may be harmful in large doses. In fact, the compound of interest may be toxic in large quantities or without certain modifications done within the laboratory. So, while we are in dire need of a cure for COVID-19, Filipinos need not to rush in prescribing themselves these plants to treat or prevent the disease. Nevertheless, the field of plant omics offers promise in finding an effective treatment for COVID-19. These types of researches would definitely flourish in the country, where the richness in plant biodiversity is prominent. In alleviating our current public health crisis, plants may just hold the key. All it takes is progressing the research and discourse on the field here in the Philippines.
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May 2021
Batch Ikirara: New Breakthroughs from New Fellows by Matthew Nofuente Batch Ikirara
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n biological terms, Ikirara is a transposable element which utilizes the cut and paste mechanism with the help of transposases to recognize regions of the DNA it will incise. It is classified as a class II transposon, making it capable of transposition without the need for RNA intermediates. As a novel transposon, researchers have used this to study and fully describe the genome organization of the mosquito species Anopheles gambiae as islands of shortperiod interspersed repetitive DNA among a sea of unique DNA sequences. This opens the opportunity to look through the lens of novel transposons in studying the genome organization of organisms. However, when it comes to GeneSoc terms, this name goes beyond its definition. Batch Ikirara is a living epitome of unity. Despite the howling storms, these 15 individuals stood strong against adversity. Thirteen of these people hail from the Institute of Biological Sciences, one from College of Human Ecology taking up BS Nutrition, and another from College of Agriculture and Food Science taking up BS Agricultural Biotechnology. Through the course of their journey in becoming a member of the organization, roaring winds and merciless typhoons rocked them– but in the middle of the dark, they found a warm hearth nestled within their unbreakable bonds.
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John Acosta
n the middle of a wheat field, as the sun sets on the horizon, you will find John staring at the gradient of the heavens, waiting for the first wink of the stars to arrive. John leads the pack with a radiating battlesong and pushes himself towards his limits to fight for the nation and its people. His moral compass never wanes and will accurately point towards the path where no one is left behind and justice is never served discriminatingly. His hobby revolves around playing League of Legends and he will surely carry the whole team as he aces the top lane. And like his agriculturally inclined program, he also enjoys games like Harvest Moon and Stardew Valley. Hanz Benedict Aguilar
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hey describe Hans as a very extroverted person and in addition to that, he is also blessed with a very good sense of humor. “Tropa” is what he is called by the resident members due to his easy going personality. Hanz loves playing basketball as much as he loves the presence of caffeine in his system. But don’t be fooled by his light attitudes for under this facade is a hard working man determined to provide a better life for himself and his family. He also aspires to be a doctor or a successful businessman with a purpose of serving the people. LJ Alarin
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ois Jianina or LJ, is a whiff of cold air running along the buckwheats, a gentle breeze caressing through
the heat of the lowlands as it transitions from summer to fall. Her smile will serve as a warm light whenever you are at your darkest times, just as how she uplifts all her batchmates in times of turmoil. She is fond of collecting shoes, particularly sneakers, and her collection will leave you in awe. Under this veil of subtleness is a face of alacrity. She faces all the tasks she’s given with her head up high wearing a glinting armor of enthusiasm. LJ also reads novels and, like everybody else, binge watches dramas and series. Ania Crisostomo
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ndriana or Ania for short is like the sun. Always full of energy whether it be on playing Mobile Legends or tuning up her drive in finishing her academic requirements. When you’re around her, everything seems to be warm and shining — like how crepuscular rays penetrate through the gloomy clouds of the rainy season. Her hobbies include hanging out with friends on Discord, listening to music. In addition to that, Ania is also known for her love of snorkeling and exploring the deep, azura waters. And like all her batchmates, she also aspires to become a doctor with a purpose to serve the people with accessible healthcare. Princess De Silos
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ike a soaring eagle treading through the treacherous tropical forests, Cess oversees everything under her wings with a clear sight. With a clear soul, she can sweep through her challenges with ease whilst balancing the numerous aspects of her life whether it be socials or academics. Princess is fond
of consuming drinks brimming with caffeine, she loves the compound to be running in her system all the time. She also watches a lot of dog videos to prep her up during the day or calm herself down during the stressful moments of the night. Her dream is to be involved in numerous ecological projects such as the restoration of forests and protecting threatened endemic species. Claire Familara “Beauty may be dangerous, but intellect is lethal.”
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his is a quote which wholly embodies Claire as a woman. Behind her cat eyeliner and glossy lips is a person capable of garnering exceptional scores without having to compromise her duties as a daughter, a friend, and a sister. You will always see Claire holding her electronic devices where she loves to binge watch different series on Netflix and find different things she can check out from Shopee and Lazada! Her beauty also encompasses everything from her skin, to her spirit, and to everyone around her. She envisions herself as a dermatologist working hard to provide the best skin care needs of her patients in the near future. Amiel Felix
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casing of shyness envelops Amiel to provide himself a safe space from the hustle and bustle of the things outside. But once you have taken a peak of what is inside, you will find a boy brimming with talent and passion for the arts. In line with his love for his craft, you can also see him wandering around Teyvat, playing along with his most favorite characters in Genshin Impact! Every stroke of his pen on the graphics tablet, he moves closer to achieving his dreams of being an artist
2nd Semester Kian Hernandez
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ian or Kei will blow your mind with his presence just as how he put an ending blow to his enemy team with a winning spike in the volleyball court. He is currently taking up BS Nutrition which entails his love for food. Also if you ever had the chance to scroll through his social media accounts, you will know much more about Kian’s love for travel! Kian thrives as a member of different organizations which he knows to be helpful towards the attainment of his dreams. Bunik Hidalgo
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f you will ever try to find Alyanna Nicole, or Bunik, between the spaces of a large crowd, it is almost impossible to miss her. With her flashy choice of clothing, dazzling earrings, and glossy lips, it will be an easy job for you to track her down. See, Bunik is what you’d call a strong personality — she can be loud, talkative, and both at the same time. But lying underneath these rowdy statements is a woman capable of guiding the team with her leadership. There is only one desire that Bunik wants to achieve most, and it is to make her parents proud and ensure that they live a very comfortable life.
GENEWS Lana Rose Mangi
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ana is the embodiment of intelligence with a dash of sass. Lana is like a sturdy mountain, no matter how loud the wind howls, it will never bow down to it. Her uniqueness lies in her strength as an individual. Giving up was never an option for this woman may it be on academics or the challenges life throws at her. She spends most of her free time watching action movies, dancing to a myriad of K-pop, and scrolling through TikTok. Lana intends to become a cardiologist— a doctor of the hearts to ensure that they are safe from breakages literally and figuratively. Dorothy Jane Manzano “Every man’s story ends in death. But we are not men and we will not die.”
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his is a quote from Coven Morgana, a champion from the game League of Legends and if you have immortalized this in your noggin, you will start to know Jane. She is but an independent woman, able to carry and express herself in many forms, may it be through songs, poems, a painting or a dance. Her dream focuses on helping the nation by either becoming a
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charity worker, a farm owner which does not exploit its manpower, or a surgeon. Jane is like the changing climates, a myriad of colors envelop her personality; from passionate summer and tempestuous rain. But let us not forget that the quenching water and radiant sun is needed for growth just like how Jane provides wisdom to her kin. Christian Natanauan
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n a gloomy Tuesday afternoon, Chan will become a thunderous roar who will wake you up with a sudden jolt of energy. He may look shy and timid at first but once you get to know him, you will be surprised with the fact that he is actually a man who can emit happiness towards anyone he touches. Most of the time, he enjoys the company of films and sitcoms while hanging around in his room. In addition to that, he is also fond of listening to podcasts, some music, and playing indie games. He aspires on becoming a successful physician in the future. Bea Negosa
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he comfort of a steaming cup of coffee, providing warmth to your palms as the cold droplets of rain fall hard on the pavement outside the cafe is the vibe that Bea radiates. Her presence is like a wool scarf defending your neck from the sudden bite of cold — always assuring you that everything will be better despite the circumstances. She will never let you get lost along the way to your dreams with her motherly guidance. Bea is a genetics counselor aspirant and dreams to have a comfortable life with her loved ones. Ronald Fritz Peril
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n the book Art of War written by Sun Tzu, it is stated that “Opportunity multiplies as it is seized”. This is how Choy lives his life, by ensuring that he seizes all of the opportunities that appear in front of him, and utilizes them not only for his own betterment but for the benefit of everyone else. He enjoys his time by taking long naps as he listens to Disney medleys. Choy is also fond of eating ice cream and playing with his pets. A doctor is what he wants to be while having a business at the side, setting up a reflection on who he really is as someone who wants to achieve heights. Matthew Nofuente “Truth is, there’s no one who can do what I do.”
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quote of Miranda Priestly from The Devil Wears Prada is how Matt describes his way of living. In everything he does, he makes sure that he leaves an impact whether it be a piece of art, a project, an essay, or someone he meets in an online gaming platform. He frequents fighting in Runeterra with his champions in the game League of Legends. Matt enjoys the company of his dog as he reads fiction novels. His dreams include becoming a registered microbiologist and an owner of a patisserie.
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ike the transposon that brings the scientific community a novel proof-of-concept in studying novel, conserved transposons in analyzing an organism’s genome organization, batch Ikirara would like to enable the organization to reach milestones beyond imagination. Upon joining the organization, the batch commits themselves in serving the organization by abiding by its core values: they want to improve themselves under the wings of The UPLB Genetics Society as it soars up high at the limitless, royal blue skies. With this, they will dedicate themselves in providing a strong foundation for the society and ensure its everlasting strength and relevance to the community as an academic organization.
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Batch Hachimoji
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rom the Japanese words hachi meaning “eight” and imoji/emoji meaning “letters”, the word Hachimoji was formed. Hachimoji is a synthesized DNA which uses four synthesized nucleotides along with the four naturally occurring nucleotides resulting to eight nucleotides in the DNA. Synthesized nucleotides such as P and B are pyrimidine analogs and pair with Z and S. which are purine analogs, respectively. It can do almost anything the naturally occurring DNA can do and more such as being used as device for retrievable information storage therefore aiding in storage gap.
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Erik John Azcoitia (Erik) BS Biology
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hen you first encounter Erik, you would think of still water – how calm and gentle it is. Humble and supportive, Erik expresses his kindness by acts of service to the group. He puts his efforts into helping the group in whichever way he can. At first glance, he seems like the quiet type of person, but he leaves an impact to those he
The unexpected and fresh pairings of the synthesized and naturally occurring nucleotides can be compared to how Lui, Erik, Reji, Patdee, Marcus, Cine, Koozae, Alys, Pao, and Seth blended with each other as they all try to navigate on how to build connections in a time where everything is done through screens.
his free time indulging himself with hobbies such as reading light novels and mangas, and watching anime. With a clear stand on things, Erik believes that “Not making a choice is a choice in itself.” Maria Carmela Regina Lanip (Reji) BS Biology
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ights, camera, action! All dressed up, Reji is always prepared to slay the day one selfie at a time. With a passion for beauty, she is just a call away if you need help whether it’s picking a foundation match or formulating your skincare routine. Not only is she a beauty icon, she is
Fatime Serene Desuasido (Patdee) BS Agricultural Biotechnology
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n explosion of charisma is what you would feel when you first meet Patdee. There is just something about her that makes you want to look at her, laugh with her, and get to know her better. For some, her strong personality could come across as intimidating but in truth, her aspirations include making sure that the people around her are comfortable and filled with joy. Not only is she a bundle of joy, but she is also someone reliable who looks out for those in need of help. She reaches out and takes the initiative on lending a helping hand. Authentic and hardworking, Patdee strives to
Hachimoji: synthesizing bonds the untraditional way by Briana Seth Castro Batch Hachimoji
Gerardo Luiz Sison (Lui) BS Biology CMB
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t is human nature to seek security and batch Hachimoji found theirs in Lui – a rock everyone can anchor themselves on. Much like his motto in life “If there’s a will, there’s a way”, Lui always finds ways to secure everyone in the batch. He looks after each of the members as the big brother of the group and guides them into being the best they can be. He aspires to be successful in the field of expertise he chose. In his free time, he spends quality time with the people he loves while questioning why he has such vacancy. Although compassionate, Lui dislikes the idea of his day not going as how he planned it to go, getting sudden visitors, and slow-moving people obstructing his way. Never batting an eye, Lui speaks his mind and wholeheartedly shields the group from harshness while still allowing them a space of growth.
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interacts with as he shows his artistry and quirkiness. He aspires to be a respected artist along with his ambitions of living a comfortable life. Passionate about things that make him happy, he spends
also someone with a strong sense of purpose; she knows what she wants and she’s here to get it. Reji believes in being successful in your own right. She aspires to be a dermatologist with a stable overall health and wealth. Of course, Reji would not be Reji if she didn’t plan on making significant contributions to the community. Beauty with a purpose, Reji believes that no one should be belittled by others just because they do not excel yet on something they are working hard on. As someone who strives to be better every day, Reji lives by the words of Fuegoleon Vermillion from Black Clover, “There isn’t any shame in being weak, the shame is in staying weak.”
be better each day as she says “I am built upon the small things I do every day, and the end results are no more than a byproduct of that”. A star indeed, she has this gravitational force which draws people to her, and she welcomes them with open arms. However, there are some days when Patdee likes to take the time to breathe, take care of herself, and just not think about anything – a welldeserved break for someone who brings so much energy in our lives. Charles Marcus Matanguihan (Marcus) BS Biology
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ever a dull moment with him, Marcus is the life of the party. He is someone who’s not afraid to show the different sides of his self to the people around him. With an approachable demeanor, he has his ways of making friends just
#StopTheKillings An editorial cartoon
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by the simplest conversations. Funny as he may seem, Marcus has strong principles; he dislikes going back on his word, as such, he dislikes people who do so. Determined on making his dreams come true, he works hard not only in his academics, but also in taking care of himself. On his free days, he enjoys hanging out with friends and taking the time to nourish his body with exercise. In the future, Marcus has plans on becoming a doctor, an entrepreneur, and if the odds would favor him, a pilot. Truly a dreamer with a strong sense of dignity, Marcus is not afraid to take risks. Ma. Francine Anges (Cine) BS Biology
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f all lands and seas to travel to, there is only one of her in this earth. A kind soul filled with wanderlust, Cine dreams of travelling to lands near and far. Much like she craves adventure, it is a joy navigating through the different sides Cine shows. She laughs, cheers, and gets along with everybody. She brings comfort to those around her by sharing positivity no matter the circumstances. With Cine, conversations feel light because she takes her time in listening to others and provides stories of fun adventures. On her free time, she enjoys baking and listening to music from the 1940’s and early 2000’s. Lighthearted as she may seem, Cine knows when to fight for what she believes in is right. As an ally of the LGBTQ+ community, she dislikes those who treat the people in the community with such close mindedness. Cine believes in the saying “To each his/her own” however, she also strongly stands by the fact that everyone should be equally treated with respect and kindness. Koozae Calvin Umali (Koozae) BS Biology
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ue sera sera – a carefree phrase for a carefree pers on with a passion for writing. Koozae is someone who approaches things in a lighthearted manner while also being someone who has strong opinions and someone who knows when to speak up. He values integrity and is always ready to share his knowledge to others whether it is through a pen and a paper or his voice. For him, compassion is needed and so he strives to be someone who is in a position to help those who are need. He is a friend you can count on through thick and thin. Aside from being a good listener, he also takes good care of those dear to him, providing them a safe space free of judgment and prying eyes. He believes that life is an adventure meant to be explored with wonder and shared with those you love.
ces whatever task is given to her head on and executes them with the best of her abilities. On her spare time, she enjoys watching crime documentaries to sharpen her wits, and Korean dramas along with anime to relax her mind. As Alys works hard in everything she does, she dislikes people who refuse to contribute to the group’s hard work. As strong as her sense of responsibility, Alys’s faith does not waver. She believes in the saying, “Just do your best, and God will do the rest.” Pauline Anthonette De Juras (Pao) BS Biology
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ore than a friendly face and a radiant smile, Pao is a girl with a big heart. Her dream is to have the capability to help those who are in need. She aspires to become a doctor of medicine who helps the marginalized through medical missions. She also hopes to have foundations to conduct charity events for people in need of a helping hand. “Be brave and challenge yourself today”, this is what Pao holds on to as she is determined to make
a difference in the world through kindness one step at a time. For her, giving back to the community is the greatest success of all. With her strong sense of purpose, heart of gold, and warmth, it is impossible to not get drawn to her. As a friend, she’s someone who listens – someone you can talk to whatever the topic may be. Briana Seth Castro (Seth) BS Biology
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ough around the edges, Seth aspires to be someone who learns something new every day. She likes observing how things get done before trying them out herself. She’s open to experiencing new things and taking opportunities presented before her. For Seth, forming bonds with people who didn’t even know she existed just last year is such a wonderful experience. Seth believes that everyone is a bit weird in their own way, and all forms of weirdness should be celebrated. She trusts that she will continue to grow as a person with the amazing people she met in GeneSoc.
Alyssa Mae Santos (Alys) BS Biology
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traightforward and reliable, Alys gets the job done. She is a thoughtful friend who likes sharing books or shows she thinks you might enjoy. She’s quick to come up with ideas and is supportive of the people she cares for. She fa
“Hindered by barriers this pandemic has forced upon us, batch Hachimoji still continues to grow stronger bonds with each other every day. As we join the Gene Pool, we bring the promise of pushing ourselves to do better each time we have the chance to do so. No barriers would stop us from contributing to the success of our organization because with Hachimoji, the possibilities are endless.”
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May 2021
Drug Repurposing and Pharmacogenomics on the Onslaught of the COVID-19 Pandemic by John Nicolas Olitin
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ore than a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines of different types from different producers have started to roll out in various parts of the world and countries have rushed to secure vaccine supplies and distribute it to their citizens. Despite this, a lot of people have resorted to the use of offlabel drugs for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Drug repurposing involves the use of drugs that have no established safety and efficacy data as medication for COVID-19, citing offlabel or compassionate use as reasons. While there are alternative therapeutic resources that have the potential to be repurposed for treating symptoms in COVID-19 patients, at a reduced cost and time required for treatment than vaccines, these also have the disadvantages of having low success rates and possible side effects. Several drugs have been studied and clinically tested at the start of the pandemic for repurposing, and some of them have been USA FDA approved or have shown to be safe in levels and can potentially be used for COVID-19. These include astemizole, clofazimine, and remdesivir, among others, although it should be noted that each of these do not by themselves cure COVID-19 and may come with different side effects. In the Philippines, there is a current issue regarding the use of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19. Ivermectin is an anthelmintic, antiparasitic drug that has the potential to prevent viral replication of a broad spectrum of viruses. However, the Philippine FDA and Merck & Co., Inc., the pharmaceutical company responsible
Batch Isochore
for its production and distribution has already issued a warning statement against the use of the drug as treatment for COVID-19 or as replacement for the COVID vaccine. It is not registered for human treatment in the Philippines since the only approved Ivermectin drug in the country is for animal and veterinary use. Despite this, several heads of different organizations and associations have filed for an appeal for the emergency use of ivermectin as a “drug to prevent and treat COVID-19.” Another perspective that needs to be considered when repurposing drugs involves the field of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenetics deals with the response of different individuals to drugs and medications based on their genetic makeup. On the other hand, pharmacogenomics focuses on the analysis of whole genomes for genes related to drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and other genetic elements that affect therapeutic safety and efficacy. Over the past years, there have been significant improvements and advances in the field of pharmacogenomics, including the formation of guidelines for the use of genomic medicine which is slowly being utilized for treatment or maintenance for patients with certain diseases like some types of cancers. On the application of pharmacogenomics in drug repurposing for COVID-19, there have been identified mechanisms by which genetic determinants may affect the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs for COVID-19.
For example, ivermectin has shown inhibition against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro through inhibition of Importin α/β1 (IMPα/β1)-mediated nuclear import of viral proteins. Ivermectin is metabolized by CYP3A4, and is both a substrate and a potent inducer of the P-gp, wihch can increase ivermectin plasma levels. Despite this, it is still not recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 in patients. Recent studies report that the chance of a successful clinical trial using the approved dose of ivermectin is low since ivermectin cannot enable the lungs to reach 50% inhibition of the virus. As for remdesivir, the preliminary clinical trials have already shown results supporting its effectivity as a repurposed drug for COVID-19. Remdesivir is primarily metabolized by hydrolase in vivo, and it generally has a low risk for significant pharmacokinetics (PKs) interactions. Other studies suggest that it is a substrate for drug metabolizing enzymes CYP2C8, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, as well as a substrate for OATP1B1 and P-gp transporters, therefore known variants of these genes could theoretically affect the PKs of remdesivir. According to current knowledge, no guideline recommends pharmacogenetic testing before remdesivir administration. More pharmacogenomic studies need to be performed in order to determine the involved interactions and risks at the genetic level of repurposed drugs for COVID-19. Moving forward, it is also important to continue the study of pharmacogenomics in order for it to become a more useful and reliable resource for even more diseases.
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2nd Semester
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With Hands Outstretched: Outreach Initiatives in Times of Pandemic by Hannah Louise L. Cueto Batch Polyplex
learning setups arose during this period: the online setup, which was applicable to those who have internet connection, and the modular learning setup, wherein teachers or institutions printed modules and delivered these to the homes of their students. The HOPE Intervention Center adapted the modular learning setup for its students with their staff personally delivering the modules to the homes of the students or the parents visiting the institution to pick up the modules. One of the struggles of the modular learning setup is the availability of printing materials such as ink and bond paper.
E
arly on a Monday morning of October 2019, the Genes gathered at Wing C for the 36th setup of the HOPE Intervention: One Gene, One Child. Minutes later, the Genes were pouring out from a rented jeepney together with books, food, and art materials. As they entered the blue classroom, curious kids were neatly sitting down in kiddie plastic chairs and their parents were standing behind them, ready to cooperate with today’s activities. A dance number was prepared (to which the students happily danced to), parlor games were conducted, a Jollibee spaghetti and Chicken joy meal was served, and abstractly painted tote bags were designed by the kids’ own hands. Fast forward to March 2020, the first lockdown due to a novel virus began. However, what was intended to be a lockdown for two weeks became a horror of, now, more than a year, to many Filipinos. Student organizations, academic institutions, businesses, and multiple lives were affected. Everyone was forced to adapt the online setup, a change not accessible to many and a privilege of the higher classes. The 37th Outreach Committee Organizing outreach activities amidst the pandemic and with new regulations emerging is indeed a challenge. Besides the newly
established regulations, we need to consider factors such as manpower, feasibility, and safety. Mobilizing individuals became difficult due to the scare of transmitting the disease. Much of the established activities of GeneSoc’s Outreach Committee have to be modified, changed, or be saved for another time. Furthermore, we have to let go of physical interactions and rely on social media, text messages, and calls to communicate. Different needs arose during the pandemic. For schools, there was a challenge in acquiring good internet connection and school materials. As the lockdown was relaxed later last year, the country was hit with multiple typhoons resulting into damages in crops, homes, jobs, and establishments. There was a need for immediate relief all over the country. Come year of 2021, another lockdown was imposed in the Philippines due to resurgence of cases. By this time, resources are depleting and some families cannot afford the consequences of a lockdown again. HOPE Intervention: One Gene, One Child The first event of GeneSoc’s Outreach Committee was the HOPE Intervention: One Gene, One Child which was conducted on November 2020 at the HOPE Intervention Center in Calamba City, Laguna. Two
As the Outreach Committee cannot conduct its usual activity for the institution due to the pandemic, the committee opted to conduct a donation drive together with the alumni, sponsors, and media partners to gather financial and in-kind donations. By the end of the onemonth donation drive, around Php 30,000.00 were gathered. With this amount of money, the committee was able to donate boxes of bond papers, bottles of ink, packs with a lot of relief goods, a few school materials, and toys for the students and the staff. Donation Drives for Typhoon Victims As the year was coming to an end, the country was hit by consecutive typhoons bringing floods and wreaking havoc in multiple provinces. A recession due to the pandemic followed by consecutive storms has put poverty in the Philippines to the limelight. With multiple requests for help emerging all over the country, the Filipino citizens have taken it to themselves to start donation drives for the victims of the typhoon. The Outreach Committee decided to participate in various donation drives to help victims from CALABARZON, MIMAROPA, Bicol, NCR, and Cagayan. Ngiti ni Lola: GeneSoc Outreach 2021 For the last activity of this term’s Outreach, a new initiative, the Ngiti ni Lola: GeneSoc Outreach 2021 was formed by the committee members.
The outreach program aims to bring smile to the Lolas of the Sta. Ana - San Joaquin Bahay Ampunan Foundation Inc. in Tanauan City, Batangas, by providing essentials and monetary donations to the institution. Funds were raised through a raffle fundraiser and donations with the help of the resident members, alumni, sponsors, and media partners. On May 22, 2021, the donations will be transferred to the institution. Community Service amidst the Pandemic Despite the country’s situation, the Filipino spirit of giving refused to die down. Multiple outreach activities by different organizations, institutions, and individuals were set up to address the needs of different communities, from academic materials to relief support. During the year of 2020, donation drives from all over the country popped up to give relief to victims of the pandemic and typhoon. In early 2021, community pantries built from sincere efforts of the citizens immediately provided for the everyday needs of a Filipino family. In a span of one year, we already witnessed the hardship of Filipinos under a lacking pandemic response. To be able to conduct an outreach activity successfully deserves celebration for all the selfless energy and time it took. However, it should not blind us from the harsh reality that these activities existed due to the prevalence of poverty, corruption, and repression in our communities.
May our sincere actions inspire individuals to give back and pay it forward. But, at the same time, may this motivate our citizens to impel for a society that leaves no one behind.
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Feature
GENEWS
May 2021
SLAS Online to the Rescue
T
by Francine Agnes
Batch Hachimoji
ransitioning into a non-traditional online learning setup has been a big challenge for students in this pandemic. Connections in all aspects have been lagging more than ever, causing frustrations conjured by challenges ranging from piled-up deadlines and infuriating internet service providers to heightened financial matters and even the maintenance of basic needs. It is at times like these that a sufficient system for university-wide student support is amplified and put into utmost importance. The Student Learning Assistance System Online (SLAS Online) is an expansion of the Student Financial Assistance Online (SFA Online) under the Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs (OVPAA). The program consists of all UP constituent universities with the aim of gathering information regarding students’ need for financial or learning assistance through the assessment of connectivity situation and options, financial capacity, and learning requirements. SLAS Online supports applications to multiple assistance programs according to the needs of the students. First, SLAS online aids in applications for the Grants-in-Aid Program (GIAP) to students in need for assistance on the cost of enrollment based on their household’s capacity to pay. The university offers the program and allows to subsidize a part of the full enrollment cost. In some cases, additional subsidies for miscellaneous fees and monthly cash allowances may be given to students in need.
Another financial assistance program application that SLAS aids in is Tertiary Education Subsidy (TES). Unified Financial Assistance System for Tertiary Education (UniFAST), an attached agency of the Commission of Higher Education (CHED) implementing the major components of RA 10931 or the Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act, manages this program. The TES program grants cash allowance for only one academic year to undergraduate students who belong in low-income households. In processing TES applications, scholarship personnels and officers collect the applicants’ information in SLAS Online. For university students in need of support while dealing with remote learning, SLAS also aids in applications for assistance such as internet connection and gadgets. Undergraduate, law, and medicine students from lowincome households may apply for the program. The gadget subsidy may be given on top of their internet connectivity assistance to those with who belong to the most vulnerable families. SLAS online also assists in applications for the Kaagapay sa Pag-aaral Program ng Iskolar ng Bayan Program that UP has launched for those in need for learning assistance. By
mobilizing the private sector to donate computing devices, Kaagapay enables the students in need to benefit from the initiative. Undergraduate, law, and medicine students are eligible to apply. To determine the beneficiaries, the university evaluates the applicants’ information, which they retrieve from submissions in SLAS online. Private individuals and organizations also fund financial assistance programs. These programs have certain requirements that applicants must match and belong to Donorfunded Scholarship Programs, which the university’s respective campuses manage. Scholarship and Financial Assistance (SFA) units from the UP campuses accept the application forms for such programs, and scholarship personnels retrieve the information from submissions in SLAS Online. So far, there are a total of 502 learning beneficiaries with 345 students who are expected to receive gadget and internet subsidy and 157 students for internet subsidy alone. Currently, 42 students have claimed their learning assistance. Prof. Jickerson Lado (Integrons), the head of the UPLB SLAS program, stated that one of the challenges they have encountered are delays regarding gadget
delivery due to their partner telecoms’ distribution throughout the UP campuses, but rest assured that once UPLB receives the assistance, they will deliver these to the students abruptly. Despite imperfections in our system, all we can do is look out for each other. Our situation has brought a dire need for us to unite in finding hope and motivation during these trying times. Continuous advocacies for the establishment of such inclusive student assistance systems is therefore a step towards our communal goal: no one should be left behind. For more information on SLAS Online’s available program specificities and application process, please visit slasonline. up.edu.ph. UPLB’s Office of Scholarships and Grants would also like to hear from you. For concerns directed to the Director’s Office, you may send an email to osg. uplb.up.edu.ph. For GIAP, you may contact the office through sts.losbanos@ up.edu.ph. For inquiries on private and government scholarships, you may send them to scholarships_osg. uplb@up.edu.ph. For those interested to apply as student assistants, you may inquire through saga_osg. uplb@up.edu.ph. For matters related to student loans and claims, you may contact the office through studentloan_osg.uplb@ up.edu.ph.
2nd Semester
GENEWS
Feature
23
The Woman, The Myth, The Legend by John Kenneth Tria Batch Allosyndesis “As she enters the door to the hospital, Baet is enthralled by the bustling lobby filled with people from different walks of life. She looks for her father to bring him some snacks during his duty, walking curiously towards the medical ward, looking around with her innocent eyes.
addition, she had the chance to present the results in conferences. In fact, this gave her an opportunity to board a plane for the first time, in attendance to a conference in Leyte. She did not spend anything for travel since it was shouldered by the research budget.
Captivated, she was thrilled to see women wearing their nursing gala uniforms as they tend to the sick patients. The young girl thought that she wanted to be like them. At that time, she was truly certain of what she wanted to be. But little did she know how life would lead her to become more of an inspiration to her colleagues and students.”
(Since the publication is already published, it lasts beyond your death,) she said as she explained the most fulfilling part of her research journey.
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rof. Merlyn S. Mendioro, PhD is considered as one of the best professors of Biology in the University of the Philippines Los Baños, garnering multiple Outstanding Teacher Awards throughout the years. She exudes mastery of every topic she has taught in her BIO 30 classes and one would surely learn a thing or two right before exiting the study hall. But behind a strict demeanor and a hint of a comedic side that she expresses, a myriad of stories full of chances, hardships, and discoveries all leads up to her reputable prestige. From humble beginnings Dr. Mendioro grew up in Camp Eldridge, now known as Camp General Macario Sakay in Los Baños, Laguna where his father worked as the head of the medical ward in a hospital. At home, she was called “Baet” by her grandmother, a nickname reflecting her gentleness as a baby. Back then, she would always deliver snacks at the hospital at 9AM every Saturday or Sunday since her dad usually skips breakfast. It was during that time when she became inspired to become a military nurse. But after giving it some thought, she realized the limitations that her family had. “Pwede naman, pero ‘pag ganoon ang kurso mo, titigil [sa pag-aaral] yung mga kapatid mo,” (It is possible, but if that would be your course, your siblings will halt from going to school), her father told her after she proclaimed about her dream to be a nurse. Since taking up nursing was really expensive especially during internship, this unfortunately prompted her to let go of her childhood aspirations. It was 1973 at that time wherein she decided to take the UP College Admission Test (UPCAT) and chose B.S. Agriculture as her course, since UPLB is known for its excellency in the program which still holds true until now. Dr. Mendioro graduated as a Salutatorian in Liceo De Los Baños, entering UPLB after having successfully passed UPCAT along with 11 of her batchmates and eventually majored in Agronomy. Contrary to what most people think of her, she was actually relaxed as a student and was content by simply getting a passing grade from her tests for the most part of her undergraduate years. She was insecure of her classmates who were graduates of prestigious schools like Philippines Science High School, UP Rural High School, and Canossa Academy. “Makapasa lang ako masaya na ako,” (I am happy with simply passing,) she said. A change in this mindset was catalyzed when she started taking up her major, wherein her friends lauded her improvement as they started seeing her name on the roster of top scorers in various exams. Her dedication to her studies persistently pursued in her years of taking up Masters for Agronomy, Minor in Plant Pathology. The blossoming of opportunities She did not really consider being a teacher amidst the efforts of her professor to convince her in taking Agricultural Education. But things started to take an immediate turn during the graduation party with her fellow majoring colleagues. Her batchmates were teasing her as Dolores Ramirez, now a national scientist but a professor at that time, was looking at her and hinting that she has a job offer. “Ay! Pabayaan mo nagagandahan lang iyan sakin eh,” (Ah! Let her be; she just finds me alluring,) she remembered saying as she jested and tried to brush off her friends’ joke. It was not until one brod in her organization encouraged her to apply as a research assistant of Prof. Ramirez on a study about sugarcanes, a subject that piqued Dr. Mendioro’s interest as well. The next day, she was wearing her usual attire—a polo shirt, maong pants, and flat sandals as she headed for the interview. Sure enough she was accepted and started working the day after. She eventually learned that Prof. Ramirez, who was also her professor in BIO 30, looked at her class record and saw that Dr. Mendioro had good grades. What’s amazing is that she started working on April 3, 1978 which was even before her graduation. She consequently worked as a research assistant from 1978 to 1985. Her first project was about interspecific hybridization of sugarcane (Saccharum) where they crossed S. officinarum and S. spontaneum to produce a F1 hybrids resistant to diseases. The challenging part was the need to produce desirable results for the year end report. The team also had a collection of different varieties of sugarcanes. It was then when she learned about different cytological techniques from their excellent laboratory technician, Luisa Villamael. She made slides showing the meiosis I stage of different accessions where they established the chromosome number, stable division normality and pollen fertility. One of their interesting findings was the fact that the hybrids looked more like sugarcane at higher chromosome numbers while some resemble S. spontaneum at lower chromosome numbers. According to Dr. Mendioro, the most exciting part of research was writing the publication. In
“Kasi yung publication andyan na yan eh, kahit mamatay ka andyan yung publication mo,”
During her time in the Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB) as a research assistant, she had recommended three new research assistants, wherein all of them got permanent items in research. Unfortunately, she was not able to get one herself, much to her frustration. Prof. Ramirez did not want their lives to be monotonous so she let the research assistants teach in a BIO 30 Laboratory one day per week. This teaching opportunity coincided with her masteral studies and at one time, she became classmates with some of her students which put a greater pressure on her. “Aba, paano maniniwala itong mga ito sa akin, sa mga tinuturo ko kung ‘di ako mag-aaral ng husto,” (Alas, how will they believe me and my teachings if I were not diligently studying,) she said to herself. It was then that she started to read her notes in the evening after the class-- a trademark advice that encouraged her students to do so, which she has given throughout her teaching career. As a result, she got perfect marks in the exams which boosted her confidence and proved that good study habits are truly essential. Eventually, the Institute of Biological Sciences (IBS) offered her a teaching position after looking at her student evaluation, but she then decided to decline because of the responsibilities of still finishing her master’s degree and the additional difficulty of having teaching as a job. In the pursuit of a life-long teaching journey It was not until Dr. Mendioro finished her MS studies when she decided to accept another teaching offer from IBS which led to a 35-year career of teaching full of fond memories. She started on April 15, 1985 wherein she acted as a substitute in BIO 1 Lecture and Laboratory for one Prof. Celia Dela Viña who was then on maternity leave. “Inilagay ako doon sa isang professor na nanganak. So pagbalik niya, iniisip ko wala na akong trabaho,” (They gave me the position of a professor who recently gave birth. So when she returned from her maternity leave, I thought I would lose my job.) she said. A door opened as Prof. Dela Viña wanted to focus on her children and decided to be a full-time mother. This gave Dr. Mendioro an opportunity to take over the teaching of the course, and the rest was history. In her years in the university, she handled BIO 1, BIO 120 Lecture, BIO 130a, and BIO 131 Lecture and Laboratory. But among her taught courses, she is best known for teaching BIO 30 Lecture because of her proficiency in the subject, having presided on the course since 1978. Initially, the lecturer was supposed to be changed every two years. The first among the professors who handled the subject was Dr. Ramirez followed by Dr. Rita Laude, with Dr. Mendioro succeeding the two. However, the supposed successor Prof. Dela Viña refused to take her place, and since then, Prof. Mendioro took over the course for the rest of her career. She liked telling stories and dropping some jokes from time to time, which kept the class lively and fun to be in. She even laughed with her students and sometimes moved around the lecture hall to ask questions about the lesson. This congenial personality made everyone enjoy her 7AM classes. During her early years of teaching, Dr. Mendioro took her PhD and requested for a study leave in her 6th year wherein she worked full-time on her research. She was given a grant by the British Council and went to the University of Wales in Cardiff, Wales for four months to do her thesis. She did the cytological methods of her research in the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in UPLB, her studies including the interspecific hybridization between mungbean (Vigna radiata) and other species such as V. glabrescens, to cite one. The Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB) had a collection of wild relatives of tetraploid mung beans which they used for crosses but was unsuccessful in producing an F1 generation. She did a cross in vitro and eventually managed to get an F1 generation. This got her excited, but the pods fell off immediately before 14 days which prevented her from generating an F2. Her research answered the problem as she discovered that the endosperm of the embryo degenerates which made it difficult to produce an F1. This study on mung beans won her the Outstanding Young Scientist Award in 1995. Up until now, she is still a member and the president of the Outstanding Young Scientist Incorporated. “Syempre tuwang-tuwa ka, kasi yung award na ganyan lifetime na yan eh,” (Of course you will be happy, since those kinds of awards would last a lifetime,) she mentioned as she talked about her initial reaction in winning the award.
The Woman, The Myth, The Legend continued on page 24...
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Feature
GENEWS
May 2021
....The Woman, The Myth, The Legend continued
On more awards and breakthroughs
The juggling of different roles
As a professor, the most memorable moment for her was when she was recognized as one of the recipients of the Outstanding Teacher Award in Biological Sciences, which she received for the first time in 1992 and a second time in 2006. There were also times when gets free consultations in the hospital as some of the doctors were actually her former students.
Aside from being a researcher and a teacher, Dr. Mendioro is also a loving mother. got married in 1985, around the same time when she started her PhD degree. As a mom, she was lenient to her kids and let them study at their own pace. She wanted them to learn how to be independent, where she only served as a guide by reminding them of their exams. Dr. Mendioro is very proud of her family that she even found ways to include them in her lecture slides, particularly on the discussion of heredity. Since she has a lot on her plate, one might think that she may be having difficulties in doing everything, yet she has managed to maintain a work-life balance in all of these years.
“Nararamdaman mo na narecognize ka ng mga estudyante mo at nagpapasalamat sayo,” (You feel recognized by the students who are grateful to you,) she said as she recalled some of the moments that she cherished with her students.
“It’s just a matter of dividing your time,”
As a summit to her teaching career, she was appointed as the 9th director of IBS and held the position for six years from 2015 to 2021. Dr. Mendioro also kept on winning several awards even in her later years in the university, including the 2019 Outstanding Scientific Paper Award with her co-authors Khris Callano and Visitacion Huelgas.
her tip for those who have a hard time balancing their priorities.
Looking back and looking forward
She alloted time for her family during Saturdays and Sundays. Though there are times when she gave an exam in BIO 30 during Fridays and brought home the exam papers for checking, she stopped everything once her husband or any of her family members asked to go somewhere to go somewhere and spend some family time. “Ang prinsipyo ko sa buhay, ang trabaho madali yan matapos. Pero ‘pag ako tinatamad, huwag mo ako pilitin kasi walang mangyayari, ‘di ko matatapos iyan,” (I believe that jobs are easily done. But when I grow indolent, do not force me. I would not finish it’) she said while trying to emphasize having quality time with people who matters the most. An exemplary determination for excellence on-the-job Dr. Mendioro’s perspective in work has helped her to do the things that she loves the most without compromising what is truly important. Although, time management does not mean that she did not have difficulties in teaching. The most challenging for her was starting a topic on the graduate school as she had to see the course through until the end. She was the one who first taught Developmental Genetics and she has since revised the course content every now and then. Today, the course is being handled by Dr. Ma. Carmina Manuel and Dr. Maria Cecilia Reamillo. In addition, she was also the one who started BIO 121: Developmental Biology. She also shared the materials that she used in teaching the subject and gave her successors the leeway to modify the course content. “Ganun din kami sa lab. ‘Di kami nagdadamutan,” (That is how we are in the laboratory. We share,) she said as she recalls the time when Dr. Ramirez asked her to revise the iconic red book entitled “Lectures in Genetics”. She was then added as one of the authors of “Lectures in Genetics”, the book serving as the main reference of BIO 30 and one of the few books in Genetics written by Filipino authors that is currently available in the Philippines. Her passion for work is truly unprecedented as she never gets tired of it. Even if she was not feeling well, she felt like her aura changed every time she entered her class as it really meant business. This was the work that she really wanted and loved to do. “Hindi ko iniisip siya na trabaho kasi ‘pag inisip mo na trabaho, tatamarin ka. So do something na gusto mo gawin para di ka mapagod,” (I do not regard my work as a job, because when you do, you become shiftless,) she said as she talked about how she treated teaching as her work. She cannot imagine herself checking more than 300 exam papers when she was not enthusiastic or when she felt lazy of doing her job. The motivation to check exam papers was granted by her students who were also excited in taking the exam, which made her thrilled to know about their performance and class history. Never in her history of teaching did she leave the exams unchecked for two weeks as she always returned them immediately. A sudden change in routine Fast forward to when COVID-19 struck the whole world and classes shifted to online platforms, Dr. Mendioro did not waste any time, and immediately made her course pack and recorded her lectures. Since she was not tech-savvy, she appointed Prof. Emmanuel Galang as her assistant and he posted the course materials in Google Classroom as the designated learning platform. What made it challenging for her were the late submissions since they had to become lenient on the deadlines in order to account for the difficulties of everyone, given the current situation of the country. The piling up of to-be-checked requirements and the vast difference in the flow of thought in the submitted essays were also some of her experienced obstacles. Nevertheless, her love for teaching was stronger than the challenges brought about by the pandemic.
As they say, everything must come to an end. As she turned 65 years old last January 26, 2021, the time came for Dr. Mendioro’s farewell to 42 years of service in the university. Though not wanting to retire just yet, she had already reached the mandatory retirement age in the Philippines. However, the end of her teaching career means a new beginning. In fact, she plans to start farming fruit trees in Mindoro.
“I will be travelling the same path all over again,” she said when asked about what she would tell to young Merlyn after everything that she has been through. Looking back, she suddenly believed that that teaching was actually her destiny. Back in high school, they had a religion subject wherein they were required to teach elementary students. They made lesson plans and activities for the kids while their teacher observed how they handled the class., in which she was the highest in the evaluations. This somehow served as an overlooked hint for her future inclination with teaching.
“Every step of the way, I learned. I was able to meet a lot of people. I was able to go to different places not only in the Philippines but outside [the country, as well],” she said as she reminisces about her experiences. Leaving her legacy, sharing the passion Dr. Mendioro values her interaction with different scientists around the world and the country. Her students whom she managed to advise back then are now also performing well in their respective fields. She feels fulfilled for being one of the reasons for their success. Her path towards teaching and learning has made rippling effects of excellence in the sciences, which is one thing her students and colleagues will forever remember her for. As a final note, Ma’am Mendy wanted to impart a message to everyone who wants to pursue the field of Genetics: “Exciting ang Genetics, [and] although ang ipmpression na makukuha mo from other people ay mahirap, ang isipin ninyo is iyong matutunan niyo [when] you major in genetics. Kasi kapag genetics ang major mo, kahit saan ka dalhin you can offer explanation. If you know the different field[s] of genetics, you can always offer an explanation whether you are dealing with plants, microorganisms, animals, and even humans. ‘Wag matakot sa genetics kasi it is the most interesting and fascinating field in biology! Kahit saan ka dalhing field ng biology, may genetics diyan.” (Genetics is exciting, and although the impression you will receive from other people is its difficulty, you have to think about the lessons in store for you when you major in Genetics. Because if genetics is your major, you can offer an explanation wherever field you will find yourself. If you know the different fields in genetics, you can always offer an explanation whether you are dealing with plants, microorganisms, animals, and even humans. Do not let genetics intimidate you, because it is the most interesting and fascinating field in biology! Wherever field Biology would take you, you will surely find genetics.)
GENEWS
2nd Semester
I
t has been over 200 years since scientists developed the first vaccine. However, there is a growing population that keeps on reverting our victories. Especially in this time of the pandemic, more and more minds are being inoculated with an infectious agent deadlier than any virus: misinformation. They also linked the resurgence of some eradicated diseases to the drop in the immunization rates because of the vaccine hesitancy and vaccine scare from the concerned parents. With that, here are five debunked vaccine myths for approved vaccines: Vaccines do not cause autism There is no scientific evidence that suggests vaccines cause autism. After peer-review, the Lancet
retracted the infamous 1997 study due to non-scientific methodologies and grave research violations. Several studies conducted after the issue found no link between vaccines and the development of autism. Vaccines do not cause the disease Most vaccines contain inactivated viruses which cannot replicate, thus it cannot cause diseases. Mild side effects are normal after vaccination. These are expected responses from the immune system that show the vaccine is working. These symptoms are not signs of infection. Vaccines do not contain harmful substances The different chemicals inside the vaccines are vital for the safe administration of the jab. One popular substance is Thimerosal, a mercury-based compound, which helps to preserve the vaccines. The doses of these ingredients are very low compared to the amount exposed
Mythical Five:
Vaccine Myths Debunked by Koozae Calvin Umali
Batch Hachimoji
Feature
to us in our everyday life. Some foods that we eat have higher amounts of these substances, but we emerge unharmed. Vaccines will not alter the DNA Vaccine components enter the cells, but vaccines cannot enter the nucleus, which holds our genetic information. For example, mRNA in vaccines only instructs the cell to make proteins that alert the immune system, and then immediately break down. Therefore, it cannot affect or alter the DNA. Vaccines for COVID-19 were not rushed The scientific breakthroughs and advancements throughout the years made this
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possible. mRNA vaccine technology has been developed for years, so vaccine development finished early. Also, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and MiddleEast Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are also diseases brought about by a coronavirus, so we can utilize previous studies to create interventions. The COVID-19 vaccines that received Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have undergone a series of tests that prove their efficacy and safety. As proven by medical science, approved vaccines are safe. Vaccines can prevent you from developing a disease, but the most important aspect of this is that if we looked on a bigger lens, vaccines can prevent a society from acquiring or re-acquiring these deadly diseases. Every Filipino deserves to know that vaccines can and will save lives.
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Feature
GENEWS
May 2021 Editor’s Letter: On Press Freedom by Daniel Varias Batch Isochore Page 31
#StopTheKillings by Erik John Azcoitia Batch Hachimoji Page 31
When Antibodies Go Rogue:
Time for Take-backs: On PH COVID-19 Response
by Alyssa Mae Santos
by Maria Carmela Lanip
Mutations Behind Severe COVID-19 Batch Hachimoji
R
ecent studies from the COVID Human Genetic Effort consortium in 2020 reported that inborn errors of type I interferons in the immune system, as well as the production of auto-antibodies blocking these interferons, disrupt the antiviral defenses of the body causing people to be more susceptible to life-threatening COVID-19. Studies have previously identified three epidemiological factors that increase the risk of severe COVID-19. This includes the elderly, especially those over 50 years old, the male population, and people with other medical conditions. However, these risk factors are not enough to explain the immense interindividual clinical variability in any given epidemiological group. Thus, given the increasing percentage of people infected with SARS-CoV-2, it is important to understand the mechanisms behind life-threatening COVID-19. Two studies sought to examine this mechanism by focusing on the immune system of the body, specifically on type I interferons. How Type I interferon is involved in the defense against COVID-19 disease Interferons (IFNs) are signaling proteins produced by the cells in response to virus infection. Once triggered, interferons can inhibit viral entry, viral protein synthesis, and virus maturation. Certain genes in chromosome 9 encode for Type I IFNs, and interferon regulatory factors (IRF), a family of transcription factors, primarily regulates their production. Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3), a protein involved in pathogen recognition, also plays a role in interferon production. Inborn errors in type I IFN immunity In February 2020, a group of scientists led by Qian Zhang studied inborn errors in type 1 interferon immunity, which may be involved in the increased susceptibility to the coronavirus disease. They tested 13 loci or sets of genes, including TLR3 and other types of IRFs that are involved in the production of type 1 IFN. They sequenced the genome of 659 patients from different ancestries that have severe COVID-19 pneumonia as well as 534 patients that have non-threatening symptoms. Results showed that rare mutations of TLR3- and IRF7-dependent type I IFN immunity can indeed cause severe covid-19 pneumonia. They discovered that 23 out of 659 (3.5%) patients with severe
COVID-19 pneumonia either had known deficiencies or new genetic defects at 8 out of the 13 loci involved in TLR3 and IRF7 proteins which play a role in the induction and amplification of type I IFNs.
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Autoantibodies against Type I Interferons Neutralizing antibodies are antibodies produced naturally by B-cells in the bone marrow to defend against viral invaders by binding to the virus and preventing it from entering the cells. In contrast, autoantibodies bind to an individual’s own proteins. Research led by Paul Bastard tested the hypothesis that neutralizing autoantibodies targeting type I IFNs may underlie severe COVID-19 as they prevent the binding of the IFNs to their receptor. Thus, they tested the autoantibodies against type I IFNs in 987 patients with life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia, 663 patients with mild symptoms, and 1227 healthy controls before the COVID-19 pandemic. Results showed that at least 101 of 987 patients (10.2%) with severe COVID-19 pneumonia had neutralizing autoantibody various interferons of type I IFNs. These block the innate antiviral immunity provided by type I IFNs. They also found that 94% of the patients with autoantibodies were men while more than half were over 65 years old which can explain the previously identified demographics that are most at risk for COVID-19. How do these findings help us? Both findings emphasize the importance of type I interferons in detecting and preventing the infection of viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. Aberrations in type I IFNS and autoantibodies leading to higher susceptibility to severe COVID-19 pneumonia are not found in people with milder cases of coronavirus. These studies provide a means to identify individuals who are most prone to severe COVID-19 infection leading to prevention by encouraging these individuals to take more precautionary methods such as vaccination. Treatments such as plasmapheresis, plasmablast depletion, and type I IFN administration can also be explored. These findings pave the way for future research to focus on understanding the mechanism behind mutations in antiviral defense-related genes and the production of neutralizing antibodies of IFN and studying the potential of using interferons to treat patients with life-threatening COVID-19.
Golden Opportunity for Whom by Fatima Serene Desuasido Batch Ikirara Page 33
#DefendUP, Restore the UP-DND Accord by Dorothy Jane Manzano Batch Hachimoji Page 35
The State of the University under New Chancellor Camacho by Christian Natanauan Batch Ikirara Page 36
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Feature
Recombinant DNA Vaccines: Defenders against COVID-19 by Gerardo Luiz Sison
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he COVID-19 pandemic has devastated the world’s population for more than a year, and as the world combats the disease, many institutions have developed different vaccines. Vaccine production employs many viable strategies, in which the use of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology provides a novel type of vaccine. The coronavirus and its structure COVID-19 is a flu-like respiratory syndrome caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2—a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, commonly called coronaviruses. Like all coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 comprises a spherical envelope surrounding a core membrane made of matrix protein. This core further encloses a single strand of positive-sense RNA associated with nucleoprotein. The spike proteins (S1 and S2) on the outermost layer of the virus act as access keys to our cells. The S1 subunit of the spike protein interacts with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein on our cell surfaces, after which the S2 subunit aids membrane fusion between virus
Batch Hachimoji and host, allowing viral entry into our cells. Vaccine production through recombinant DNA technology This mechanism of interaction between the spike proteins and ACE2 human cell proteins provides a way for researchers to employ rDNA technology in creating a vaccine. First, we identify the gene which codes for spike protein creation, then insert that gene into a safer, common virus, such as an adenovirus, for delivery into human cells. This safer virus, which now contains the spike protein gene, can now be injected into human bodies. Hence, the viral vector vaccine produced by rDNA technology. Upon it is first introduced into a host, the body takes up pieces of the pathogen and displays them on cellular surfaces to build long-term immunity against any disease. Specialized immune cells recognize these pieces, called antigens. These produce pathogen-specific agents, called antibodies, which surround incoming pathogens to inhibit their interaction with our cells, preventing further infection. The antibodies also act as signals for the immune system to produce more antibodies or to destroy cells that have the
The SARS-CoV-2 structure. (Source: Singh, R. B. (2021). SARS-CoV 2 Structure. StatPearls Publishing LLC.)
antigens on their surfaces. The body then remembers how to make these antibodies in the event of future infections by the same pathogen, heightening the immunity of the person. Vaccine developers produce the viral vector in such a way that it cannot multiply by itself. Its primary function is to insert the spike protein gene into the host cell’s nucleus. From there, the host cell machinery recognizes the gene and stimulates production of the spike protein. These spike proteins then act as antigens that trigger the aforementioned immune responses. How it differs from other vaccine types Other major types of vaccines that have reached human trials or have been allowed for emergency use include inactivated vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, and DNA/RNAbased vaccines. While the general goal is to induce immune responses, these vaccines work in different ways to offer protection, each with corresponding advantages and disadvantages. Studies have shown that among its advantages is that rDNA vaccines are more flexible than other types of vaccines in terms of producibility, since we can insert it into multiple types of hosts. Recent advances in genetic engineering have enhanced the management of rDNA vaccine production. Compared to inactivated vaccines, rDNA vaccines also ease the need for post-vaccination treatment. However, the major disadvantage of this type of vaccine is its high production cost, rendering it inefficient for low-income countries. It would take high amounts of the rDNA vaccine to successfully mediate immunological action in the body, which adds to its expensiveness. Immunogenicity is also commonly low when they administer a lone rDNA vaccine, thus, they provide immune response boosters called adjuvants alongside the vaccine for immunoresistance. This adds a monetary weight to the use of rDNA vaccines. Nevertheless, its high efficiency and the availability of bioengineering technology provide solid ground for the evolution of rDNA vaccine development and research in future years to come, challenging the scientific field to find breakthroughs in order to nullify its disadvantages.
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s the spread of COVID-19 has persisted for more than a year now, the development of vaccines provides hope in ending the pandemic as they reduce the risk of infection and severity of symptoms. Vaccines train the immune system to recognize an antigen, particularly the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which plays a vital role in penetrating human cells and causing disease. As of writing, four main types of COVID-19 vaccines have been approved or are now undergoing clinical development and approval. Whole virus vaccines utilize weakened or inactivated viruses to trigger immune responses without causing illness. Scientists mainly use chemicals, heat or radiation to modify the virus and develop this type of vaccine. Known examples include the approved Sinovac’s CoronaVac and the unapproved Sinopharm. There is 93% and 100% prevention of hospitalization and death respectively in Sinopharm’s Abu Dhabi studies. In preventing symptomatic COVID-19 through CoronaVac, interim data from trials show 91.25% efficacy among a subgroup of 1322 participants in a trial involving 7371 people. However, researchers in Brazil announced in January that the CoronaVac was 78% effective in preventing mild cases, as presented from a phase III trial that involves 12 000 healthcare workers in the country. A week after the announcement, another data emerged after taking into account the very mild cases: the vaccine was only 50.4% effective against symptomatic COVID-19 patients, while trials in Indonesia show 65% effectiveness. Protein subunit vaccines, on the contrary, only contain purified fragments of a virus like the spike proteins. However, they often require adjuvants and booster shots to enhance the weak immune response promoted by the
GENEWS
May 2021
COVID-19 Vaccines: How Do They Differ? by Charles Marcus Matanguihan
antigen and are relatively complex to manufacture. Novavax is a protein subunit vaccine which aims to be approved by the second quarter of this year. It is reported that Novavax induced a 100% prevention of hospitalization and death in its United Kingdom and South Africa trials. Also, UK trials show the vaccine’s 89.3% efficacy against mild disease. Viral vector vaccines use harmless modified viruses that can deliver a genetic sequence to human cells. This sequence then codes for SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and promotes an immune response. OxfordAstraZeneca, Sputnik V, and Johnson & Johnson are currently the only viral vector vaccines approved for use by the Philippine Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Oxford-Astrazeneca and Johnson & Johnson (J&J) induced a 100% prevention from hospitalization and death in their United States trials. Oxford-Astrazeneca also prevents 75% of mild to moderate disease, as reported by the trials in South Africa before the spread of the new variant. However, the resurgence of the B.1.351 variant, also known as the South African variant lowers the efficacy
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of the vaccines in preventing mild to moderate cases. The Oxford-Astrazeneca vaccine prevents only 21.9% of moderate to mild disease. On the other hand, as there are reported cases of hospitalization and death after the injection of Sputnik V, it was found out that these cases have no association with the said vaccination. mRNA vaccines are made of synthetic mRNA that only code for harmless antigens found in the virus. This type has a similar mechanism with viral vector vaccines but instead of viruses, lipid nanoparticles are used as a delivery system since it can protect the genetic material from enzymatic degradation and easily diffuse into the cell membrane. Known examples are Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna which have highest efficacy at around 95% and also resulted in 99% to 100% prevention of hospitalization and death across their multiple trials in the United States. Vaccines are first evaluated for safety and efficacy before they are approved for use. The World Health Organization estimates that only roughly 7% of total vaccine candidates studied on laboratory animals are moved into human clinical
trials and only 20% of these are successful. The development of many different vaccines thus increases the probability of producing more successful and widely available ones. This heeds the need for further vaccine research and development, amplifying the prioritization of adequate provision of these medications to citizens, both locally and globally. As the gaps in efficacy rates presented in various media platforms fuel people’s doubts about some vaccines, scientists argue that these numbers are incomparable with one another unless they are based on identical inclusion criteria. This can be said as the trials of different vaccines occurred in different time frames and locations. Infection rates thus vary according to the variants and number of cases present during the trials. Although these vaccines showed different efficacy rates, it must be emphasized that they all induce a near 100% protection from hospitalization and death. This goes to show that vaccination would ensure our survival and one of the key factors in ending this pandemic.
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SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Genetic Mutations Lead to Impending Health Implications by Bea Negosa
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he novel coronavirus outbreak started last December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The disease has afflicted billions of people around the world, resulting in millions of recorded casualties. Researchers have gradually uncovered its strength and posing threats, especially now that researchers have discovered genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2. Minor and major random mutations have occurred as SARS-CoV-2 infected humans, a progression from being originated from other types of animals. It is alarming that several variants (or the wild type) of the original virus are causing major differences in the pathogen’s behavior. Scientists have found these new variants in different geographical regions such as the United Kingdom, South Africa, and Brazil. The first renowned variant is the 20A.EU1 or B.1.177 that was first identified in Spain. Its mutation occurred on the viral spike protein, a component of SARS-CoV-2 binds to the receptor of human cells called Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which allows the virus to infect the cells. The mutation was denoted as A222V, letters and numbers showing the segment where mutation occurred in the sequence of the viral genome. A222V mutation decreased the efficiency of human antibodies to neutralize the virus. Furthermore, the 20A.EU1 or B.1.177 variant turned out to be more transmissible, which requires stringent protocols and safety precautions. Another variant is named as 20I/501Y.V, VOC 202012/01, or B.1.1.7. The B.1.1.7 variant was first discovered in December 2020 inside the borders of the United Kingdom. Scientists revealed this variant’s higher transmissibility than the original virus as it rapidly infected people in a week. One mutation that occurred in the variant was the N501Y mutation which led to the strengthening of the bonds between the virus and the ACE2 receptor in human cells. Other mutations have
appeared to more readily mediate viral transmission and immune system evasion inside the host. This variant caused travel bans and lockdown announcements in the U.K., making it hard for its citizens to live their normal lives. Stringent protocols were consequently announced and implemented to mitigate the spread of B.1.1.7. The 20H/501Y.V2 or B.1.351 variant appeared in South Africa in 2020. Just like the B.1.1.7 variant, B.1.351 also contains the N501Y mutation, although these two variants were founded independently. However, the primary difference is that another mutation called E484K and K417N occurred in this variant. This genetic change gave the virus the abilities to fight off vaccines and evade the host’s immune system. Scientists found that this mutation made it difficult for the antibodies to bind in the spike protein of the virus. Researchers in Brazil detected two new variants, P.1 and P.2, which had the same mutations with the aforementioned variants. However, scientists were more concerned with the P.1 variant as it contains more mutations including K417N/T and N501Y. Scientists suspect these mutations to have accumulated in an immunocompromised individual who could not fight off the virus. The SARS-CoV-2 continually reinvents itself in the process of infection through these various mutations. Despite the emergence of new variants, vaccines manufactured by Moderna and Pfizer are still able to fight off the virus. However, a time will come when companies would need to redesign the vaccines in terms of how these new variants work in our body and how these are being transmitted. Even though public health interventions are being implemented, it would be better if we would be able to control the transmissibility of the virus. This puts emphasis on the importance of scientific laboratory research on the disease for both the regulation of the virus’ transmissibility and the acceleration of a future freed from the bounds set by COVID-19.
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GENEWS
May 2021
GeneSoc alumnus grabs UN Food Systems Summit by Alyanna Nicole Hidalgo Batch Ikirara Champion title
hat if we could completely change the world’s food systems to make healthier, more accessible, and more sustainable food for all? The smallest steps in the right direction create the greatest changes, and a Filipino scientist who also happens to be a professor at the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) is part of that change.
and gather new and creative ideas to make food systems more sustainable. The action plans for the ideas, which are supported by the UN, will then be submitted to the state leaders to see if they will agree and support these tangible ways. The ultimate goal of a Champion is to be able to implement these in their respective countries with the full support of the government and full awareness of the people.
On March 11, 2021, the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) announced that Dr. Glenn B. Gregorio (Recombinants) is part of the United Nations Food Systems Summit (UNFSS) Champions. He is a farmer, geneticist, plant breed researcher, academician, and the current director of Philippineslocated Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA).
In our current setting during the COVID-19 pandemic, the world’s food systems have been put to the test. This crisis has affected millions of people, especially the poor and marginalized, and has left food systems fragile. This is where UNFSS steps in—to slowly but surely discuss how to improve and strengthen our food systems to help the people get back on track.
According to the United Nations, the Food Systems Summit is a partaker of the decade-long action to deliver progress on and ultimately achieve the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. From all over the world, people who are key players in their field are chosen to be a UNFSS Champion in terms of how they design their food, how they responsibly manage the production and consumption of food, and/or how they go about their advocacy. These champions include those, but are not limited to, people in the field of science, business, healthcare, as well as those in agriculture, environmental activism, and even the indigenous people. The summit will transpire on September 2021 wherein these people gather to “bring about tangible, positive changes to the world’s food systems.” In an interview with Dr. Gregorio, he mentions that these champions will come together to discuss and conduct workshops, do consultations,
However, certain people have already tried to take part in this change. During the pandemic, Dr. Gregorio says that the people have become more aware about the importance of food and food security, and where and how they procure food. Because of this, people have thought up of ways to still be able to supply their homes with food without compromising their safety such as planting their own vegetables and fruits. Community-organized solutions such as community pantries in barangays ensure that residents do not need to go to far-flung areas just to obtain food. Many have also started to analyze and plan what they consume on a daily basis.
When asked on how he felt after he received the news of being chosen as one if the UNFSS Champions, Dr. Gregorio said he was overwhelmed since he feels that there are many who also qualify as champions. Some are big-time people who are directors of huge companies and well-known professors. He got the title when the UN identified him and approached him due to his works and achievements. As someone who has been in his line of work for almost 30 years, he says that his awards and achievements are all bonuses.
“Once a farmer, always a farmer.” he answers when asked about what inspires him to continue. Being an agriculturist, a farmer, and a geneticist, he links everything he has done to his love for his job and on how he could improve and impact the food system with his research and mentorship. It excites him every day that he can do what he is doing for the future generations. He also warns every aspirant of awards of giving in to the noxiousness of taking too much, where sometimes, they may feel obliged to take more once the awards keep coming.
Instead of taking, he advises that we give: give awards and nominate others who are deserving of the title. He also emphasizes the importance of service over the desire to be extraordinary for gaining awards. He states that the end of the day, everyone’s goal must be to have impact on society such as improving the food systems of your community. So, why should people know more about the UN Food Systems Summit? Dr. Gregorio emphasizes that people need to be more aware about the situation around the world, which includes learning from the mistakes of others, applying what other countries have done to our own country if possible, and what the individual can do on their own to contribute to the food system. Most cannot change the world’s problem in a flash, so he advises us to start small by attempting to solve problems in our families first, then moving on our communities, province, region, and country, until we leave an impact to the world. Clearly, being food secure is essential to ensure the health of our people. Ensuring a life far from hunger is essential for every driving force in the country to thrive, especially when our food security takes consequent blows under the COVID-19 pandemic. In times like these, every family from all walks of life deserves to expect enough food on their table, and advocates for food security will carry this out into reality.
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However, with the current administration’s aversion to the truth and consequent criticisms, we recognize the threat not only to the publication, but to the country’s collective journalism. With the influx of the government’s red-tagging, silencing, and abuse against journalists, the Philippines ranked 138th on the World Press Freedom Index of 2021—two ranks lower than the previous year. In fact, the Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility (CMFR) reported a total of 223 attacks against local journalists in 2020. Thus, we stand firm in defending the freedom of the press and of our expression. Not an inch do we quiver in the face of the threats the regime presents; we will continue to show how relevant genetics and its related fields are to justice, to freedom, and to inclusivity. Every word we publish will persist in amplifying the voices of the underserved. We keep toiling for publishing written pieces which bare what both the scientific community and the masses deserve to know and ponder on. No matter how low President Duterte downplays the dip in the country’s press freedom rankings, we continue to expose the truth on the status of our press, however hideous it may appear. Our press deserves more than cloying messages which never reflect the current situation of the press in the country. Hence, we demand the administration to cease the censorship, harassment, and culling of journalists. In an age where the spread of disinformation is as detrimental as the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the country needs factual, accessible, and unobstructed information, and we need empowered journalists to achieve it.
Editor’s Letter: Pressing towards Press Freedom by Daniel Varias
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e dedicate every 3rd of May to celebrate World Press Freedom. As a 36-year-old publication of students who organize to promote the science of genetics, GENEWS finds solace in the freedom it benefits today. GeneSoc’s resident members and alumni continue to exercise their freedom to express the truth through their thoughts on the current events, the sciences, and their social relevance.
The fact that the COVID-19 also poses a threat to press freedom still stands. With the pandemic combined with the government’s poor responses ravishing our country, many news organizations collapsed due to economic losses and laying off journalists. Hence, as we continuously call for a competent pandemic response, we essentially call for press freedom. May our voices never grow weary in asserting for a country with a government that respects its press as it respects the people it serves.
#StopTheKillings by Erik John Azcoitia
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Enamel Pins for sale!
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Editorial
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May 2021
Time for Take-backs: On PH COVID-19 Response by Maria Carmela Lanip Batch Hachimoji
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n this ongoing battle against COVID-19, the competence of every nation is put to the test. The pandemic has exposed which countries were successful and those who have clearly failed in response to the global health crisis—regardless of their funds, technology, repressive power, or capabilities in general. As Ian Bremmer (foreign affairs columnist, TIME) narrowed down the best global responses on the COVID-19 pandemic, he found out that those who were rich, technologically-advanced, powerful, or generally capable are not automatically exempted from response failure. Any present advantages or new efforts made in handling the pandemic are useless without one critical requirement: good leadership. PH reaches millionth COVID-19 case after a year It has been over a year since the first case of COVID-19 was recorded and the first day of quarantine was implemented in the country. Yet, we are still struggling in controlling the recent surge of COVID-19 cases. As of writing, 1,028,738 total reported cases, 69,354 active cases, and 17,145 deaths were tallied by DOH (Department of Health). Despite misfortunately reaching our millionth tally, what’s alarming is that this already outrageous number is just the tip of the iceberg. With these numbers, the National Capital Region (NCR) and its adjacent provinces (Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, and Rizal) are still currently under a Modified Enhanced Community Quarantine (MECQ). Now that vaccines have joined the picture, light seems to be gradually emerging into our dark tunnel. Even so, measures are still far from being handled smoothly. Delayed travel bans, repetitive militarized lockdowns, disorganized contact tracing, inefficient quarantine and isolation measures,
inadequate mass testing, and late procurement and inoculation of vaccines are few of the main reasons for the Duterte administration’s failed COVID-19 response. Undoubtedly, the Duterte administration’s relentless incompetence and lack of urgency is far more frightening than the statistics. If we fail to address and assert the government for their lapses, the virus might not be the only thing that will wipe the Filipinos out. For us to prevent this from happening anytime soon, we must understand the series of events which have led to the country’s failed COVID-19 response. Reluctance on travel bans Amidst global panic on the first coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China; the government, especially President Duterte and DOH secretary Francisco Duque, remained reluctant on banning inbound travel against our Chinese “friends.” With a matter of urgency, government officials and the general public persistently called for a wider travel ban. It was only until January 31, 2020 when the president decided to ban the whole province of Hubei (where Wuhan is located). A day prior to that, a 38 year-old resident of Wuhan was confirmed and announced as the first COVID-19 case in the country. After more than a month from the first outbreak and now a few days after the first reported case, on February 2, 2020, a complete travel ban from the entire mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau was finally permitted by the president. With an emerging global health crisis at hand, decisions on travel restrictions into and out of the country is one of the first crucial steps in containing pandemiccausing viruses. Due to the government’s lack of urgency coupled with fear of denting diplomatic relations with China, we have failed to implement a swift response to control the spread of the virus—especially for a country whose healthcare system is not fully prepared for a pandemic.
Repetitive lockdowns Unfortunately dubbed as the country with a surging number of COVID-19 cases despite having the world’s longest lockdown, the government continues to rely on strict repetitive community quarantines as its main response. Instead of further strengthening health protocols, the country has been under a war-like state as the situation mirrors the Duterte regime’s infamous “War on Drugs’’ campaign. President Duterte insists that we are at war with “an unseen enemy” and has pinned his hopes on former army generals, the military, and the police (instead of medical experts) to lead the National Task Force against COVID-19 (NTF-COVID19) in making sure that the public strictly follows health protocols and quarantine guidelines. Inefficient health protocols Due to limited investment in resources such as hospitals, laboratory facilities, equipment, and manpower as a result of billions cut by the government in the budget allotted for the health sector (around 23% less than 2020’s budget), our already weakened healthcare system is further pushed to its limits. With a delayed and disorganized chain of command among government and health agencies, contract tracing was found to be our weakest link. On mass testing, the lack of testing kits (despite having a locally made and cheaper one) and the limited availability of accredited laboratory facilities have rendered it nonexistent during earlier responses. DOH has also rejected many calls for mass testing as it is said to be “not needed” during those times. Consequently, problems in tracing and testing have compromised the surveillance system—a crucial platform where the general public gets updates
GENEWS
2nd Semester from and where experts track and assess our state. In the isolation and treatment of patients, the country has been grappling with inadequate facilities as well as equipment. With the lack of oxygen tanks, ventilators, and beds, Filipino families and health workers alike have been struggling due to overcapacity of quarantine areas and hospitals. President Duterte affirmed that waiting for vaccines is our only hope left. Even so, delays in the procurement and inoculation of vaccines have been established. Mainly relying on our friend China’s Sinovac donations, we have failed to immediately reserve other vaccine brands such as Pfizer when DOH secretary Francisco Duque was allegedly unable to submit some documents and “dropped the ball” earlier in 2020. In this pandemic, Filipinos were robbed Filipinos have been robbed of the universal health care system and even the bare minimum leadership that we deserve. The country is failing and it will take a great while before we achieve our true “new normal”. Over time, this unappealing picture will continue to build dismay and hardships among lawmakers, the academe, and especially the frontliners and general masses unless the government has fully acknowledged and fixed their missteps. As an organization that values the study of Genetics and even the general sciences while fervently aiming to contribute to the advancement of the nation, GeneSoc believes in the power of a well-informed person’s critical voice in asserting the competent response we deserve from the administration during this pandemic. Through this, will we take back the quality of life the current administration has robbed from us.
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Golden Opportunity for Whom by Fatima Serene Desuasido Batch Hajimoji
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olden Rice (GR), which was developed 20 years ago to combat vitamin A deficiency (VAD), is getting closer to being released for human consumption and cultivation in the Philippines and Bangladesh. Agriculturists have crossbred GR2E, the variety to be used by growers and consumers, with indigenous rice varieties in the said countries. We expect the Golden Rice program to boost immunity against common diseases primarily caused by vitamin A deficiency. Golden Rice may provide additional nutrition at no additional cost to growers or consumers, but the ongoing debate regarding its science slows down Golden Rice’s commercial release. Last August 2020, Stop Golden Rice Network (SGRN), formed by the Magsasaka at Siyentipiko para sa Pag-unlad ng Agrikultura (MASIPAG), held a weeklong protest on what they deemed to be “an unnecessary technology”. MASIPAG claimed that the Golden Rice Project is mired with issues that make its approval in the market questionable. They stated that their opposition towards the project is due to: (1) trivial trace beta-carotene content found in the GR, (2) insufficient data for safety tests, (3) contamination across different rice varieties, and (4) existing substitutes for beta-carotene containing commodity. Thus, the controversy that surrounds golden rice goes deeper than the product itself—it is also about the science that promotes it and the political entanglements it has on rice as a commodity.
First, regarding nutrient content, MASIPAG cited a letter from the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) stating that the concentration of beta-carotene in GR2E, the variety to be used in the Philippines, offers minimal beta-carotene content. They also cited studies from 2017 to 2019 revealing that the beta-carotene content degrades with improper post-harvest techniques, which is relevant given the lack of proper post-harvest facilities that are available to farmers in the country. However, the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) countered this by asserting that the US FDA uses the American diet as a standard to measure the nutrient content gained from GR, where rice consumption is significantly less. To amend this, they used the context of a daily Filipino diet, which resulted in a sufficient daily intake of betacarotene. They also mentioned a study which stated that “just a half cup of uncooked rice is already sufficient to meet the daily vitamin A requirement, even with rice being the only source of vitamin A in the person’s diet”. Additionally, multiple studies supported the idea that Golden Rice could deliver up to 80% of vitamin A in children and lactating women in the Asian dietary context. IRRI asserts that along with their existing approaches in combating VAD, the nutritional content is sufficient, and the issue of degrading betacarotene content in crops is best addressed through the standardization of post-handling procedures.
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dollars in damages and caused a dip into the rice market.
When asked about their concerns over the safety of GR, MASIPAG raised the lack of food safety tests done for the Golden Rice. The group insisted that there was not enough analysis to show nutritional composition, especially ones that analyzed toxic compounds. MASIPAG said that long-term laboratory testing on animals should be presented first before they find the data presented as satisfactory.
However, it is important to note that cross-pollination through rice would only occur when the crops flower at the same time and are close to each other. With a study confirming the similar agronomic traits of previously cultivated rice, we expect no changes in terms of yield, pollen viability, seedling germination, plant growth morphology, and appearance. A separate study confirmed that Golden Rice retained the same pest resistance and grain quality of other rice varieties, proving that Golden Rice would play the same role in a typical rice agroecosystem.
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Despite these criticisms, however, scientists have already conducted multiple studies to prove the safety of Golden Rice. The IRRI has a Golden Rice Communication Toolkit that summarizes and presents different studies that test the safety of the commodity. Among these studies was one that analyzed the composition of the GR2E, which was found to have met the regulatory requirements of the Philippines with the safety of the food product. Another study proved GRE2 to be as safe as already-existing rice varieties. Another concern raised by MASIPAG was about the contamination of other rice varieties with wild relatives of rice. MASIPAG noted that the field testing of Golden Rice focused on the agronomic traits manifested by the crop, not the long-term environmental effects on the agroecosystem. MASIPAG also mentioned the possibility of crosscontamination and seed contamination that would incur significant loss to small-scale farmers. The group cites the Liberty Link rice scandal in 2006 in the United States, which involved the contamination of unapproved genetically modified rice seed with the existing rice seeds in the market. This inadvertently cost the US millions of
Finally, on the issues of existing sources of beta-carotene, MASIPAG affirmed that there was no need for the commercialization of Golden Rice because sources of the said vitamin already exist elsewhere. To support this, they provided an illustration showing multiple crops that had more betacarotene such as tomato, which they claimed to have three times the betacarotene content of golden rice. The group likewise asserted that with all the other sources of vitamin A available, there was no need to push for Golden Rice, and there should be a push for the availability of a healthy balanced diet instead. Both proponents from the anti-GR camp to the pro-GR camp are unyielding in deciding. With both proponents and opponents affected, the government and the scientific community should address their concerns. 20 years have passed since the development of Golden Rice, and with the contradicting studies concluding varying results, it is valid to fear the science, especially for the farmers who would grow and market
May 2021 Golden Rice. While present studies could address most concerns of the MASIPAG, the anti-Golden Rice parties should redirect their cries not to science, but to policymakers. MASIPAG also claimed that the government programs placed to serve the farmers seemed to be detached from the actual needs of the Filipino farmers. The group stated that rice as a political commodity not only has an agronomic but also a sociopolitical angle as well. MASIPAG begged for consideration for these components when providing projects for agriculture. With the increasing control of corporations on agriculture, including land grabbing and land conversion, the woes and cries of the farmers reflect their fear of getting the short end of the stick with the Golden Rice project. Government decisions directly affected these farmers. To be of service to the people, the government should listen to their appeals and address their questions and doubts. The Golden Rice Project merits its launch, for our scientists have carefully studied it for the longest time, and theirs studies prove the benefits that it may yield. But the challenge lies in the policymaking and implementation. The government should support, subsidize, and even incentivize the farmers involved in the Golden Rice commercialization. With the current situation wherein agriculture is seen as a business venture, the government should prioritize hearing the side of the most affected farmers. The government should refrain from their condescending remarks about the farmers being misinformed and come to a solution that would satisfy both parties.
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#DefendUP,
Restore the UP-DND Accord by Dorothy Jane Manzano
Batch Ikirara
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n the night of January 18, 2021, the Department of the National Defense (DND) publicly announced the unilateral termination of the 1989 University of the Philippines (UP) - DND accord. Various incidents such as the unlawful abduction of Donato Continente inside the UP Diliman campus on June 16, 1989, brought about the mutual signing of the accord 14 days after the said incident. Now, its recent termination threatens the regulation of safety and peace inside the university. The UP-DND accord states that with no initial notice to the UP president or any concerned constituent of any campus, no state forces shall enter the UP campus unless in cases of emergency and of hot pursuit. The agreement prohibits the state forces from interfering in any of the peaceful protest activities by any UP constituents inside the campuses. Strict guidelines are to be followed in the event of issuance of search and warrant arrests and detention of any student, employees, and faculty. The termination and its lack of legal basis Legal experts have criticized the action taken by the Department of National Defense, as there is no legal basis for the unilateral termination of the agreement. The 1989 accord provides no exit clause, and since it is an agreement that involves two parties, both parties should agree on the accord’s fate. In the letter sent to the UP President Danilo Concepcion by Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana, it contains unproven reports of recruitment activities of the New People’s Army and the Communist Party of the Philippines within the premises of the campus. Prior to this, President Duterte himself has claimed that UP campuses are the recruitment havens of the CPP-NPA. In the past year, the National Task
Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC) used video footage of students in the campus into malicious contexts and tags the students and the organizations involved as Communist terrorist Groups. These acts of spreading unsolicited and inauthentic information not only paint a grim picture of the university and its students but also provides fraudulent grounds for the suppression of freedom in the campus. Continual silencing of the masses Because of the lack of an effective pandemic response nowadays, the call for better service from the administration further escalates. Criticisms for the administration’s lack of urgent responses and inability to produce sufficient resolutions are very much heard, most especially in social media platforms, while controlled mass protests are still observed in the streets. In the premises of the UP campuses, activists do these peaceful demonstrations and protests to call the attention of those who need to hear the call of the people and to simultaneously educate others on why it is important to voice out the call of the Filipino masses. Prior to the termination, there have been multiple unwarranted abductions and arrests inside the UP campuses. In one instance, they held a protest in UP Cebu
on June 5, 2020, wherein the state forces that were present in the campus’s vicinity arrested at least seven individuals. Amidst the peaceful protest, fully geared police officers from the Cebu City Police and SWAT team entered the picture. Though university guards blocked the entrances, the police still jumped over the walls of the campus and chased after the students and other protesters. These actions of a fascist administration reflect the desire to silence the voices of a community that demands for better public services. This level of brutality from state forces is only being amplified by the restrictions to public and student freedom brought about by the termination of the UP-DND accord. In a political environment wherein violence is heavily used to combat the opposition, this unlawful move is nothing but an attempt to further threaten the progressive minds in the UP community. The plea for its reconstitution We highly value academic freedom in the UP system. As an institution that encourages its students
and constituents to process and analyze information at a critical level, this freedom allows young minds to challenge the views and to critique their current situations without being penalized. This now allows state forces in the premises of the campus, wherein both students and university organizations are now in danger as even respectful criticisms and peaceful activities can be redtagged under communist actions such as recruitment activities. Though these activities are yet to be proven by the DND, many attacks on students and their constituents have already sprung up upon the termination of the UPDND accord. The UP-DND accord is important to many student and faculty activists of the UP system, since each UP campus serves as a haven and a place for the freedom of expression. Its restoration will provide a net of security from unwarranted violent actions, along with the revitalization of a “bare minimum” state of safety inside of the university. Amid a worldwide pandemic and an abusive administration, we should intensify rather than silence the unrelenting cries for sufficient public service. We therefore challenge the current administration to retrieve their unrightful junking of the UPDND accord, as it provides the “justification” for further violations on student welfare. We implore all members of the UP community to raise their voices for academic freedom. This autocratic exertion of power shall not dissipate the values of kinship and solidarity that revolve around the university, thus it is each member’s duty to rightfully reclaim the sanctity of their rights.
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Editorial
GENEWS
May 2021
UPLB under Chancellor Camacho by Christian Natanauan should remain unperturbed in the huge remainder of the chancellor’s term. On the challenges faced by online learning
S
ucceeding former Chancellor Fernando C. Sanchez, Jr., University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) Chancellor Jose V. Camacho, Jr. took his position on November 1st of the past year after the UP Board of Regents elected him as the 10th chancellor of UPLB on September 24th. There is nothing easy about taking over the reins of campus chancellorship amidst the challenges brought about by the constant attacks on student activism and implementing an online learning setup in the middle of a global pandemic. In addition, expectations were high on Chancellor Camacho as he continually led the pre-election polls for chancellorship. His plans for “Future-Proofing UPLB” were the spotlight of his mission-vision statement, highlighting the futureproofing of the campus’ human resources, lifelong-learning and instruction system, research and innovation system, commitment to public good and social welfare, and global engagement. With this statement comes the mobilization of the grounds for universitywide improvement through the chancellor’s new term. On the fight for academic freedom Many attacks on the UP community have been occurring repeatedly over the past year. Multiple reports of unwarranted abductions and accusations targeted towards student activists have been continuously making headlines. The unilateral termination of the agreement between the University of the Philippines (UP) and the Department of National Defense
(DND), dubbed as the UP-DND Accord, has only amplified these incidents. In a statement made by Chancellor Camacho on the exact day of the termination on January 19, 2021, he declared the abrogation of the accord as ‘an assault against UP’s freedom’. He condemned the claims of the university serving as breeding grounds for rebelstudents, effectively differentiating rebellion from the peaceful freedom of expression through activism in the university. His words reflect that the fight for academic freedom shall not waver, asserting his dissent with the said unilateral rescission.
Because of the continuance of a virtual setup brought about by the threats of the pandemic, it has been a challenge to the university’s officials to take measures for the hastening of the return to a physical learning setup. Face-to-face classes are of high demand to students, and the call for conducive healthcare measures and administrative actions has been louder than ever. It has been clear through many student experiences that the first online semester on the First Semester of Academic Year (A.Y.) 2020-2021 was ineffective and served as an immense burden for all in the academe. The lack of inclusivity dealt by the disparity in online learning resources heavily affected the quality of learning in the study community.
Ten days later, a Facebook post by the Philippine National Police (PNP) saw an outburst of concern and disdain from the UPLB community. They insinuated the existence of a so-called agreement between the PNP and the UPLB administration “to build stronger collaboration” through protecting the campus from organizations and activities which oppose the government. After the information stating that Chancellor Camacho visited the Laguna Police Provincial Office (LPPO) on the discussion of campus security, the public questioning the underlying motives placed the administration in hot water.
Student councils and organizations have made continuous calls for imposing various solutions to cater to the experienced dilemmas. Though the declaration of leniency in deadlines has been most recently made, it is barely a sufficient action as it conjures up subjectivity amongst the courses handled. This only heightened the level of imbalance in the students’ workload. Besides this, we requested a recent plea for a genuine academic break from April 5 to April 10, halting the execution of synchronous classes and the submission of deadlines. This request landed on the UPLB Office of the Chancellor, only for the chancellor to reject it.
Chancellor Camacho rightfully declared that the said social media post wrongfully implied any ties of the administration with the PNP and its Laguna sector. He stated that his administration made future concrete plans on university security with the LPPO and not the PNP. We can only expect that this upholding of academic freedom
The summation of challenges experienced by online learners and teachers have cumulatively pent up, and it is only right for the administration to exercise their power for a rightful ease in academic workload. The ineffectiveness of the current learning setup has not only taken a toll on members of the UPLB
Batch Ikirara community but also threatens the quality of learning that all students of the university deserve. Therefore, the student officials must hear the demands of the students and to provide fair actions to provide for the well-being of its community. Is UPLB ready to be reopened? As mentioned, the demand for the return to face-to-face classes has been at the forefront of student demands. The experienced inefficiency of online learning only hastens the need for physical classes, therefore it is in the best interest of the administration to take action to heed the request. Most especially, access to university equipment is of utmost importance for laboratory classes and others that require hands-on learning since online performances of laboratory procedures pale when compared to actual simulation. The UPLB has declared their readiness to implement controlled face-to-face classes, yet this readiness is to no avail without the authorization of the Inter-Agency Task Force on Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF). As of writing, the IATF still has not approved of implementing controlled physical classes, obstructing the probability of in-person classes this semester. Chancellor Camacho’s first few months have truly been eventful, yet the demands of the community are far from being resolved. As though the university can hold physical classes, its implementation should be both of justice and equality in the community, aside from its effectuation of conducive safety health measures. The current situation requires more effective plans of action, a challenge made to the current chancellor and other university officials to simulate the pre-planned “future-proofing” of the university. We enjoin the members of the UPLB community to voice out their grievances to the chancellor and his fellow officials, and to continually fight for the rights that we deserve.
2nd Semester
GENEWS
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