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•• ••••• .AIP. -AIllerica's Greatest Defeat

BY ROBERT CONROY t

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MACMILL~..PUBLISHING

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CO., INC. NEW YORK

COLLIER MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS

...

LONDON

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 866 Third Avenue, New York, N .Y. 10022 Collier Macmillan Canada Ltd. Brown Brothers, I I, 22; Keystone Press Agency, 16, 24-25, 29, 32-33 (Tokyo), 34 (Tokyo), 43 (right), 46 (Tokyo), 47 (Tokyo), 48 (Tokyo), 50, 59, 61, 65, 70-71, 74; United Press International, 4,6,8,9, IS, 17, 19,27,3°,36,39,43 (left), 45,54,68,7 2; United States Army, 52, 55, 63; Wide World Photos, title page, 12,60.

PICTURE CREDITS:

Picture research by Patricia Crum. Maps by Rafael Palacios Library of Congress catalog card number : 6<)-11294 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4

For Tony, Quincy, Nicky and Michael

"PUT WPO 3 INTO EFFECT AT ONCE"

STALEMATE

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"FLICKERING, FORLORN HOPE

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" ... GRIM, GAUNT, GHASTLY MEN"

Chronology

For Further Reading

Index

1 20

.•....."... • AIPA• •

Abucay defense line, 23, 26, 27, 28, J2 Aguinaldo, Emilio, 7 Alamo, 39 American forces, see Filipino-American forces Australia, 41, 42, 44, 56, 69, 75

Chanco, Capt. A. P., 5-6 China, 14, 16 Corregidor Island, 2, 9, 13, 19, 28, JI, 41, 42, 48, 51, 56; Battle of, 67-73; lack of supplies, 57-58; landing at, 70-73; surrender of, 73

Balanga, 60, 62 Bataan: American inability to help, 39, 42-43; Death March, 58-67; diseases, 40, 44-45; entrance into, 16; evacuation, 5 I; geography, 6, 20; lack of supplies, 22-23, 40-41, 44; last Japanese attack, 45-53; MacArthur leaves, 41-42; military importance, 2, 13; retreat to, 13, 17; surrender of, 53-56, 57, 58-59 Brereton, Gen. Lewis, I I Bulkeley, Lt. John, 3 1,41,42 Burma, 39

Dewey, Com. George, 10 Dutch East Indies, 14,37,39

Cabanatuan, 23 Cabcaben, 3I Camp O'Donnell, 60, 64 Capas, 64 Capinpin, Brig. Gen. Mateo, 3-4, 5

Egypt,

Far East, 2, 10, 14, 16, 37,41,42 Filipino-American forces: defense of Abucay line, 23, 26--30; retreat to Bataan, 1-6, 13, 17-18; Death March, 58-67; disease and starvation, 40-41, 44-45, 58,60,61; morale, 40-4 1, 44, 49, 5 I; final retreat, 47-53; strength of, 2, 45; surrender of, 53-56 Formosa, 16 France, 14 Great Britain, 14 Hattori, Col. Takushiro, 43-44, 45, 49 Hawaii, 10, I I

INDEX

Hirohito, Emperor, 15,67 Hitler, Adolf, 14 Homma, Gen. Masaharu, 16, 17-19, 23, 31, 36-37, 38,45,48,49, 53, 58, 61,70,7 1,73 Hong Kong, 37 Hurt, Maj. Marshall, 53 Imai, Col. Takeo, 27, 28 Indochina, 14 Japan, 42, 43, 65, 75; war with China, 14; military expansion, 13-14; attack on Philippines, 8-9, I I, 13; plan for conquest of Philippines, 16; threat to Philippines, 10; see also Japanese forces Japanese Army, 4th Division, 45; 14th Division, 16; 35-36; 48th Division, 23; 6Ist Infantry Regiment, 70 Japanese forces : attack on Abucay line, 23, 26-30; last attack on Bataan, 45-53; attack on Corregidor, 67- 73; landing at Corregidor, 70-73; landing at Lingayen Gulf, 16-17; entrance into Manila, 19; military superiority, 2- 3; plan to end Philippines campaign, 43- 44; retreat from the Pockets, 35; defense of Quinauan, 33- 35; landing at Quinauan, 31; need for reenforcements, 36-37,

40 Japanese Navy, 13 Java, 23 Kimura, Maj. Mitsuo, 31, 33 King, Jr., Maj. Gen. Edward, 48, 51, 53-54,5 8 Korea, 14 Lamao,53 Layac Bridge, I, 2-3, 5-6, 9, 20, 26,64 Lingayen Gulf, 13, 16 Luzon, I, 13, 16, 17, 23,64 MacArthur, Arthur, 41 MacArthur, Gen. Arthur, 7, 8

22,

23,

MacArthur, Gen. Douglas, 8, 9, 10-11, 13, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 28, 31, 35, 38, 39,4 1-43,44,5 1,53,5 6,73,75 MacArthur, Jean, 41 Malaya, 39 Malinta tunnel, 72,73 Manila, 2, 13, 17, 19,22 Manila Bay, 2, 10, 13, 19,23,57,71,73 Mariveles, 31,51,60,61,62 Mauban,I3 Mindanao, 41, 42 Missouri (battleship), 73 Moscow, I Mt.Samat,44,45,46,49 Nagano, Maj. Gen. Kameichiro, 53 Nakayama, Col. Motoo, 53- 54 Nara, Lt. Gen. Akira, 26, 28 O 'Day, Col. Ray, 3 Parker, Maj. Gen. George, 23, 26, 27, 28 Pearl Harbor, II, 12,39 Philippine Army, 8, 20, 22 ; 11th Division, 3, 4, 6; 21st Division, 3, 4, 5, 47; 41st Division, 47; 51st Division, 23, 49; 57th Division, see Philippine Scouts Philippine Constabulary, 22, 33 Philippine Islands, I, 19, 37, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 67; American return to, 73, 75; under American rule, 7; difficulty of defending, 10- 11; attacked by Japan, 8---9, II, 13; military importance, 9, 16; under Spanish rule, 6-7; war for independence, 6-7; see also Filipino-American forces Philippine Scouts, 23, 26-27, 33, 34, 35 Pockets, Battle of the, 32-33, 35, 40 Points, Battle of the, 31-32, 33-35; see also Quinauan Quezon, Manuel, 8, 9, I I, 38, 42, 44 Quinauan, 31, 33 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 38- 39, 40, 41, 4 2 , 56, 73

INDEX Roosevelt, Theodore, Russia, 14

San Fernando, 64 San Francisco, 41 San Vicente defense line, 49 San Vicente River, 49 Singapore, 37 Skerry, Col. Harold, 4, 5 South China Sea, 14,23,42 Spain, 7, 10 Spanish-American War, 7 Spearfish (submarine), 69 Takechi, Col. Susumo, 28 Tarlac,22 Tojo, Premier Hideki, 43 Tokyo, 16,37,73

United States, 6, 8, 14, 38, 65; position in Philippines, 9-11 United States Air Force, 8 United States Army, 3, 10; 31st Infantry Regiment, 48, 49 United States 4th Marine Regiment, 69 United States Navy, 10, 17, 34-35, S8, 69 United States War Department, 41 Wainwright, Lt. Gen. Jonathan, 4, 5, 20, 23, 28, 32,35,44,48, 51, 53, 56, 69, 72 -73 War Plan Orange-3, 10, 13 Williams, Col. E. C., 53 Yoshioka, Col. Y orimasa, 32

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