Avenging Bataan : the battle of Zigzag Pass

AVENGING

BATAAN THE BATILE OF ZIGZAG PASS

B. DAVID MANN

Pentland Press, Inc. www.pentlandpress.com

Oil painting on back cover entitled "Avengers of Bataan," by Rick Reeves. Courtesy of Americana Historical Art, Willow Street, Pennsylvania.

PUBLISHED BY PENTLAND PRESS, INC. 5122 Bur Oak Circle, Raleigh, North Carolina 27612 United States of America 919-782-0281 ISBN 1-57197-302-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2001 132679 Copyright © 2001 B. David Mann All rights reserved, which includes the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever except as provided by the U.S. Copyright Law. Printed in the United States of America

This book is dedicated to all the men who fought in the battle for ZigZag Pass.

TABLE

List of Illustrations .................................................................................. .ix Foreword ...................................... ............................................................ xi Preface ...................................................................................................xiii Acknowledgments ....................................................................................xv

PART I: PRELIMINARIES 1: CHAPTER 2: CHAPTER

CHAPTER

3:

CHAPTER

4:

CHAPTER

5:

CHAPTER

6:

Fall of Bataan ....................................................................... 3 The Japanese 39th Infantry Arrives on Luzon ................... 13 XI Corps ............................................................................. 31 XI Corps Departs Leyte for Luzon ....................................41 "Only Casualty From an Ill-Tempered Carabao" (29 January 1945) ................................... ............................ 53 Fight at the Water's Edge Position (30 January) ................ 63

PART II: THE JAPANESE DOMINATE THE BATTLEFIELD CHAPTER

7:

CHAPTER

8:

CHAPTER

9:

CHAPTER

10:

CHAPTER

11:

CHAPTER

12:

CHAPTER

13:

CHAPTER

14:

Major Ogawa's Domain ..................................................... 79 The 152nd Infantry Attacks (31 January) ..........................95 "That Night Was One of Terror" (1 February) ................. 107 The 152nd Infantry Repulsed (2 February) ...................... 119 The 34th Infantry Attacks (3 February) ........................... 131 Japanese Cannonade (4 February) .................................... 147 The 34th Infantry Retires (5 February) ............................ 167 The Turning Point (6 February) ....................................... 183

PART III: THE AMERICANS PREVAIL CHAPTER

15: Breakout to the Santa Rita (7 February) .......................... 199

CHAPTER

16: American Cannonade (8 February) .................................. 215

CHAPTER

17: "Kill or Be Killed" (9 February) ...................................... 233

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18: Welcome Superior Private Matsuyaki (10 February) .................................................................... 251 CHAPTER 19: Further Changes in Command (11 February) .................. 267 CHAPTER 20: "Please Not to Worry About the Emperor" (12 February) .................................................................... 279 CHAPTER 21: "Mop-Up" (13-15 February) ............................................ 291 CHAPTER 22: Aftermath ............. ........................................ ..................... 303 CHAPTER 23: Analysis ............................................................................ 313

CHAPTER

Abbreviations ........................................................................................ 327 Appendix A: Order of Battle ................................................................. 329 Appendix B: American Casualties ..... ................................................... 335 Appendix C: Tabulation of Firing: 38th Div. Artillery ......................... 339 Appendix D: Japanese Sources ............................................................. 341 Bibliography ........................... .............................................................. 343 Index ...................................................................................................... 349

MAPS 1. The Philippines ................................................................................... 11 2. Bataan Peninsula 1945 ..................................................... ................... 27 3. Southern Zambales-Northern Bataan Provinces ............................ .... 50 4. Area of Operation of the North Garrison Unit ................................... 90 5. Location of Japanese Weapons ........................................................... 91 6. Olongapo-DinalupihlUl ..................................................................... 194

PHOTOS ZigZag Pass in the 1930s .......................................................................... 8 Colonel Sanenobu Nagayoshi ................................................................. 15 Major Hironori Ogawa ............................................................................ 22 Highway 7 (view 1 from Mount Koko) .................................................. 24 Major General Charles P. Hall ................................................................ 34 Highway 7 (view 2 from Mount Koko) ...... .............................. ............ ..46 Filipinos help unload ships, 29 January ................................................. 57 Major General Henry L. C. Jones ...................................................... ..... 58 Lighthouse, view from "hairpin" turn .................................................... 65 Olongapo burning after artillery bombardment, 30 January .................. 69 Anti-tank gunner Heiichi Nakamura ...................................................... 70 Olongapo Cemetery .......................................................... ......................72 1st Lieutenant Ukichi Ogata .................................................................. .80 View of Mount Koko from Highway 7 .................................................. 81 View of Highway 7 from Mount Ege ..................................................... 83 Cave in Mount Ege, used by Lieutenants Kiyotaka Kato and Masanao Kobayashi.. ........................................................ 86 View from Mount Koko: Mount Ege, Mount Santa Rita and Mount Kosaku ...................................................... ............. 89 Kalaklan River Bridge ............ .............................................................. 102

x Ii" AVENGING BATAAN Lighthouse Point ................................................................................... 102 The "horseshoe" on Highway 7 ............................................................ 113 Lt. Colonel Jesse E. McIntosh .............................................................. 123 Company C 34th Infantry attacks along Highway 7, 3 February ...................................................................................... 137 Sergeant Tamotsu Nagai, 1944 ............................................................. 138 Sergeant Tamotsu Nagai, 1991 ............................................................. 138 Major Harry L. Snavely ......................................................................... 148 1st Lieutenant Masanobu Miyazaki ...................................................... 153 Captain D. Bertram "Doc" Cameron .................................................... 157 Captain Masaaki Ichinose ..................................................................... 161 Colonel Ralf C. Paddock ...................................................................... 200 Lt. Colonel Robert Mottern .................................................................. 200 Major Kenneth W. Brewer ................................................................... 206 Major General William C. Chase ......................................................... 209 Peace Memorial .................................................................................... 222 Mount Kita ............................................................................................ 239 Sergeant Kyujiro Iga, 1944 ................................................................... 281 Sergeant Kyujiro Iga, 1991 ................................................................... 281 Superior Private Atsurni Takakura, 1944 .............................................. 292 Superior Private Atsurni Takakura, 1993 .............................................. 292 Kiyotaka Kato, 1993 ............................................................................. 306 Major Kashiwagi, 1st Lieutenant Kato and Major Brewer in Balanga, 3 September 1945 ....................... _.............................. 308 The blood-stained standard ................................................................... 310 Plaque erected by 38th Division at Layac Junction ............................. 325

FOREWORD America's military future looked bleak in May 1942. After nearly six months of war, its only army fighting the Axis had surrendered on Bataan and Corregidor. The Navy was beginning to flex its muscles, but nearly six more months would elapse before the Army took the offensive. MacArthur's vow to return to the Philippines had a hollow ring. How long would it take America to build a military machine capable of challenging the Japanese in the Philippines? Surprisingly, the time came sooner than anyone had expected. First, on the island of Leyte in October 1944, then at Lingayen Gulf on Luzon in January 1945, the Americans landed in the Philippines and relentlessly pursued the Japanese. A third landing in late January 1945 would result in the capture of Bataan and Corregidor. Finally, the humiliating defeat of 1942 would be avenged. Avenging Bataan: The Battle of ZigZag Pass tells the story of this first and most significant phase in the campaign to reconquer Bataan and Corregidor. Fought in Zambales Province north of the Bataan ProvincelPeninsula, this battle had to be won before Bataan could be liberated. Only then could Corregidor and three smaller islands at the entrance to Manila Bay be assaulted. Recapture of Corregidor would open the great port of Manila, sorely needed by MacArthur to complete his conquest of the Philippines. By the end of January 1945, the Sixth Army had driven south from Lingayen Gulf and was poised to strike for Manila. General MacArthur assigned the Bataan phase of his campaign to liberate Manila to XI Corps. This corps, stationed on Leyte, would board transports and land on the west coast of Luzon 25 miles northwest of ZigZag Pass and 50 airline miles from Manila. Hovering over Bataan was the ghost of the last American army to fight there, MacArthur's doomed Filipino-American force of 78,000 men. From January until April 1942, MacArthur's Philippine Army had fought with poorly armed infantrymen, antiquated artillery and one of the most miserable supply situations ever to befall an American armed force. When the army fmally surrendered to the Japanese, its men were starving on one-quarter rations, and one day's supply of food remained in supply dumps.

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MacArthur's new army, although well-fed, equipped, armed and manned to a level that would make the Japanese defenders gasp in admiration, would find the return to Bataan a hard task. On 31 January 1945, XI Corps began a painful crawl through ZigZag Pass, a position defended by slightly more than 2000 Japanese. The corps's principal component, the untested 38th Infantry Division (National Guard), found that the dense jungle, rugged draws and razorback ridges negated U.S. materiel superiority. Putting an emphasis on speed versus fire support, the first American attacks barely dented the well dug-in and concealed Japanese positions. After repeated failures and only with the weight of American artillery, saturation of rear areas with bombs and napalm, and the determined efforts of individual riflemen could American lines advance. They did advance, but always at a cost. One constant between the first and second campaigns for possession of Bataan was the determined professionalism and fanatical fighting qualities of the common Japanese soldier. Of great interest in the book is the detailed look into Japanese deployments and operations in ZigZag Pass, seen through Japanese eyes and reports. Seldom has the Japanese side of an action been so well portrayed. For XI Corps and their Japanese opponents, the campaign's outcome was as predetermined as had been the first Bataan campaign. Only this time, the Japanese were the ones to be ground down and destroyed. John W. Whitman Alexandria, VA Author of Bataan: Our Last Ditch

PREFACE In April and May 1942, the American Army suffered the worst defeat in its history on the Bataan Peninsula and the island of Corregidor at the hands of the Japanese. After arriving in Australia, General MacArthur electrified both Filipinos and Americans with his promise, "I shall return." Bataan and Corregidor became household words in America, signifying a humiliating defeat that must be avenged. The Philippines would be a major battleground as soon as the Americans could mount an offensive. The battle to recapture Corregidor in the latter half of February 1945 has been expertly covered in several publications. Before Bataan could be overrun and Corregidor conquered, however, ZigZag Pass, on the road connecting Subic Bay and Manila, had to be seized. The battle for this strategic pass occurred during the first two weeks of February 1945 when the world's attention was focused on the recapture of Manila and the freeing of American and Filipino internees. As a result, The Battle of ZigZag Pass received scant notice in American newspapers or later publications. Avenging Bataan: The Battle of ZigZag Pass tells the story of America's re-entry to Bataan in 1945 after a three-year absence. It is told through the official U.S. Army records, published Japanese unit histories, interviews with both American and Japanese survivors of the battle and letters and monographs written by the participants. The Japanese sources provide an insight into Japanese methods and reactions in combat seldom found in other books about the War in the Pacific. The seed that produced this book took root in 1984 when I resolved to record, for my children, my reminiscences of World War II in the Philippines. I first wrote from a personal viewpoint of the operations in which I participated on the islands of Luzon, Mindoro and Mindanao. The action at ZigZag Pass riveted my attention and seemed to demand more than a cursory, personal treatment. I had always had a gnawing curiosity to know the full story after my regiment, the 34th Infantry, retired under duress early in the battle. Attendance at reunions of both my own 24th Division and the 38th Division, to which my regiment was attached, revealed that I was not the only one consumed with curiosity. This book

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is an attempt to tell the story of the battle accurately and impartially from the point of view of both the Japanese and Americans. BDM Richmond, VA February 2002

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am indebted to many for assistance in writing this book, foremost to Robert Ross Smith of Lewisburg, WV, the United States Anny historian who authored Approach to the Philippines and Triumph in the Philippines. He guided me toward the focus of the book by insisting that description of a battle would be more readily accepted than an account of personal experiences. David E. Evans (now deceased), Professor of Japanese and Far Eastern History at the University of Richmond, provided unique help. From his military contacts in Japan, he initiated correspondence that led to meetings on the battlefield with Japanese participants in the battle. Their knowledge of the battle and access to Japanese records enabled me to give a picture of both sides of the story. Dr. Evans also taught me the truism that anyone who attempts to write history "must write a lot of letters." Every manuscript must have a "devil's advocate" to have any chance of success. I am blessed in having two. The first was Lieutenant Colonel John W. Whitman, U.S. Anny (Ret.), author of Bataan: Our Last Ditch, the definitive history of the First Battle for Bataan. An accomplished infantry officer, Colonel Whitman corrected errors in logistics and infantry tactics and recommended describing in greater detail weapons and equipment to give the manuscript more body. An excellent writer himself, he gave me many suggestions that have hopefully given my writing some measure of acceptability. The second was Dr. Stanley L. Falk, noted historian of the Pacific War, author of Bataan: The March of Death, Decision at Leyte, Liberation of the Philippines, Bloodiest Victory: Palaus and Seventy Days to Singapore. Dr. Falk made several helpful suggestions, the most important of which was careful, complete footnoting. He pointed out many errors in the original manuscript and voided much extraneous material to streamline the final version. Dr. Edward J. Drea, Chief, Research and Analysis Division for the Center of Military History, provided much information about the Japanese Army and submarine activity against Japanese shipping. He also kindly critiqued the portion of the book that deals with elements of the Japanese regiment, which defended ZigZag Pass.

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Three former commanders of my regiment, the 34th Infantry, were a source of inspiration. They are: Major General Aubrey S. Newman, commander of the 34th on Leyte; Major General Chester A. Dahlen, Leyte and Mindanao; and Brigadier General Lester L. Wheeler, Mindanao and Occupation of Japan. Interpreters and translators have been so essential to the completion of this work that I cannot give too much credit for their vital task. Dr. Evans took valuable time from his writing and teaching to correspond with his military contacts in Japan and translate two important documents. Ikuko Matsumoto Arche, professor of Japanese first at RandolphMacon College, Ashland, VA, then at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, translated many letters, a considerable portion of a Japanese unit's reminiscences of the battle, and a section of the history of the 39th Japanese Infantry. Dr. Fumiko Radile, Professor of Japanese at Randolph-Macon Woman's College, Lynchburg, VA, translated major portions ofthe 39th's lengthy history. Takehiko Yoshikawa of Richmond translated many letters and the IOO-page portion ofthe 39th Infantry's history covering the Battle of ZigZag Pass. Teresita L. Fujita of Manila, a Filipina, interpreted during four visits by the author to the battlefield with former Japanese soldiers who fought in the battle. Tomi Takakuwa of Kobe, Japan, and Michiko Fukuda of Houston, TX, were most helpful in translating a battalion commander's memoirs of the battle. Throughout the book, I have taken the liberty of following the Western tradition of giving the first name and then the surname of the Japanese. I am grateful to the American soldiers who kept diaries or wrote extensively about the battle. Their interest and scholarship inject a personal flavor and help interpret the action. These are: Paul Austin, Fort Worth, TX; Kenneth W. Brewer, New Albany, IN; Arthur Brinson; Donald B. Cameron, Mayfield Heights, OH; Chester A. Dahlen, San Antonio, TX; Weldon B. Hester, Riverview, FL; William J. McKenna, Albany, CA; George E. Morrissey; Hanford Rants, Downey, CA; James F. Schoonover, The Infantry School, Fort Benning, GA; Douglas W. Thornton Jr., Riverdale, GA; Stephen M. Walker, The Infantry School, Fort Benning, GA; and Edward E. Walters, The Infantry School, Fort Benning, GA. Many others shared their reminiscences with me or provided information: Jean P. Ancelet, Indianapolis, IN; Lieutenant Commander Gerald R. Anderson, U.S. Navy; Bronco Atkinson, Las Vegas, NV; Donald M. Bayles, Southold, NY; David H. Bibby, Verona, NJ; R. S. "Buck" Bowen, Little Rock, AR; Jack E. Brown, Gallatin, MO; Robert S. Bruce,

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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Richmond, VA; Paul J. Cain, Urbana, IL; Charles W. Card, Houston, TX; Willis L. Chilcote, St. Louis, MO; Cecil O. Cox, Cayce, SC; W. John Cowart, Radnor, PA; Danny Cuomo, West Orange, NJ; Eric Diller, Redondo Beach, CA; Edwin A. Ellinghausen, New Orleans, LA; John J. Evert, Proctor, WV; J. Gordon Fairbrother, Pascoag, RI; Colonel and Mrs. Marc Fisher, U.S. Marine Corps; Clarence Fowler, Muncie, IN; George H. Franklin, Clarksville, IN; Jim Frederick, Arlington, TX; Max Garland, Pinehurst, NC; Edmund F. Henry, Attleboro, MA; Leon F. Hesser, Arlington, VA; Yoshikazu Higashi, Monterey, CA; Joseph H. Hodges, Jr., Hilton Head Island, SC; Peyton Hoge, III, Anchorage, KY; Sue Hopkins, Richmond, VA; Jessie T. Huberty, Wilton, CT; Kyujiro Iga, Kinosaki, Japan; Raymond Johnson, Jonancy, KY; George M. Jones, Tucson, AZ; Kiyotaka Kato, Shimoina, Japan; Don Kreis, Milford, IN; Wally Kuhner, Charleston, Sc. Also Robert P. Lavender, Hurst, TX; Robert W. Maraman, New Albany, IN; Kazunobu Miyazaki, Aioi City, Japan; Kiyoshi Morimoto, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan; Heiichi Nakamura, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan; Philip H. Nast, Northville, NY; Samuel J. Needham, Terre Haute, IN; RobertA. Newkirk, Franklin, IN; Tamotsu Nagai, Kyoto, Japan; Yuichiro Nagata, Tokyo, Japan; Takako Nagayoshi, Kagoshima, Japan; Donald R. Peach, Huntingburg, IN; James F. Pearsall, Lancaster, VA; Dorothy Rapp, West Point, NY; Edward J. Reese, National Archives, Washington, D.C.; Kenwood Ross, Springfield, MA; Wayne L. Sanford, Indianapolis, IN; Carl Schaad, McLean, VA; George R. Scott, Waco, TX; R. Gary Shields, Lake City, FL; Rudolph Sillato, Rochester, NY; John J. Slonaker and Richard J. Sommers, U.S. Army Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks, PA; Mrs. Harry L. Snavely, Stuart, FL; Leroy Soden, Rochester, NY; Alan Stephens, New Albany, IN; Stuart W. Stillwell, Williamston, MI; Dennis Symanski, Pittsfield, MA; Atsumi Takakura, Kakogawa, Japan; William P. Todd, Tallahassee, FL; Clyde Townsend, New Albany, IN; Daniel Valles, Peoria, AZ; Ben H. Wahle, Burlingame, CA; Les Westfall, Evansville, IN; Jack Wheat, Louisville, KY; Toshio Yoda, Kinosaki, Japan and Hannah M. Zeidlik, Center of Military History, Washington, D.C. Last, but far from least, I acknowledge the contribution of the many writers of the messages, daily reports, and unit journals written in 1945 and still extant in the National Records Center, College Park, MD. Sometimes writing in the heat of battle and usually at the end of the day, they described the action as it took place. I have used their voluminous papers to try to reconstruct the course of the battle and tell the American side of the story, whenever possible, in their own vernacular.

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My daughter, Cathy Johnson, provided valuable help in revising the flrst chapter and in the typing of the flnal manuscript. I am especially grateful to my wife, Helen, for her proofreading as well as her companionship during division reunions. Her patience, support and encouragement during the many years of preparation of this volume are much appreciated. Only the writer commits errors or overlooks inaccuracies, and for either of these transgressions, I take full responsibility and blame. BDM Richmond, VA February 2002

INDEX -AAbe, 2nd Lt Hiroshi: 60, 65-66, 68-70, 72 Adachi, Pfc Shigeo: 296 Adams, James L.: 68 Agaton, Crispina: 55 Aida, Sup Pvt Yujiro: 282 Aitape: 34-35 Akashi, 1st Lt: 176 Akiyama, Sup Pvt Kaichi: 282-283, 294 Allen, Pvt William E: 68 American Forces Annies Sixth: 9, 31-35, 42, 55, 63, 73, 111, 152, 185, 188,209,275,317 Eighth: 31-34,41,47,59-60,63, Ill, 115,217,316 Battalions (Infantry) 1st 34th: 54-56,65,69,71,73,98, 101, 108-109, 112, 115, 147-148, 150-151,154-155,159,167-172, 174-175,177-178,191-192,245, 274,318 Secures trail junction on Highway 7,31 January, 95-97 Attack on MLR at Mt Ege 3 February, 131-136, 139-140 Banzai attack on A Company, 140141 Attack on MLR at Mt Ege 4 February, 149, 152-153 2nd 34th: 43, 49, 54-56, 65, 71, 101, 110, 115, 124, 142, 147-148, 161, 167-168,174-175,177-178,183, 192, 199,271,318 Attack of E Company on MLR at "2" 4 February, 149-156 Attack of F and G Companies on MLR at Mt Koko 4 February, 156159

HQ bombarded on 5 February, 169172 3rd 34th: 55-56, 103, 115, 128, 131, 134, 142, 147-148, 153-154, 159, 168,171,175,190,192,201,274, Skirmish at Lighthouse Point 30 January, 64-71 1st 149th: 36,107-108,119,121,131, 191-192,202,208,215,226,280, 284,293,298 Attempts to establish contact with 3/151st 9 February, 243-244 2nd 149th: 101, 107, 177, 191,202, 208,273,280,284,294 Attack against Nakayama Battalion 8 February, 225-227 Continuation of attack 9 February, 243-244 Continuation of attack 10 February, 261-263 Continuation of attack 14 February, 297-298 Continuation of attack 15 February, 298 3rd 149th: 36,98,101,107,177,191, 244 1st 151st: 58, 199-200,215,233-235, 239,251,267-268 Movement into ZigZag Pass, 201202 Attack on MLR at Mt Minami 8 February, 218-222 Continuation of attack 9 February, 237-238 Attack of A Company on Secondary Line at Mt Shinshu 10 February, 255-259 Continuation of A Company attack 11 February, 269-272 2nd 151st: 57, 63, 119-120, 199-201, 215,221-223,233-234,238,240, 244,251-252,254-255,263,267269,274

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Capture of Fort Wint, 72 Attack against Ichinose Hts 8 February, 219-220 Attack against Mt Ege 9 February, 235-236 3rd 151st: 58, 115, 191, 199-200, 215-216,234,251,264,267-268, 284, 293 Flanking operation south and east 7 February, 201, 208 Movements of 8 February, 224-225 Withdrawal to main line 9 February, 243-245 Assessment of flanking operation 79 February, 245-246 1st 152nd: 97,100,110-111, 119-121, 127, 131-132, 142, 161, 167, 169, 175, 183, 190-191,202,204-207, 215,219, 233-234, 251, 255, 267, 272, 283-284, 287, 291, 297-299, 313,319-320,322 Begins XI Corps attack 31 January, 98-99 Attack on MLR at Mt Ege I February, 108-109 Patrols Mount Koko 2 February, 126 Attack on MLR at Hills 301 & 401 4 February, 160 Attack on MLR at Mt Koko 5 February, 172-174 Attack on MLR at Mt Kita 8 February, 222-224 Attack on Secondary Line at Mt Shinshu 9 February, 239-241 Captures first prisoner at Mt Shinshu 10 February, 260-261 Continuation of attack at Mt Shinshu 12 February, 280-282 2nd 152nd: 97-98, 100, 108-110, 115, 119-120, 124-126, 131-132, 161, 167,177,183,191,199,206-207, 215,218-220,234-236,240,244, 251-252,263,267,280,284,287, 291,293,297 Attack and occupation of Mt Koko 7 February, 202-204 Attack on Secondary Line at Mt Fumetsu 10 February, 254-255

Attack on Secondary Line at Mt Fumetsu 11 February, 268 Attack through Mount Fumetsu 12 February, 282-283 3rd 152nd: 58,97-98, 100, 108, 110Ill, 119, 121, 126, 132, 134, 147, 167,183,202,207,215,220-221, 251,267,269,272,284,287,297, 320 Attack against MLR at Mt Hissho 2 February, 120, 124-125 Attack of against MLR at "2" 6 February, 190-191 Attack against Ichinose Hts 7 February, 204-206 Attack through Mount Shinshu 12 February, 280, 283 Attack against East Pass 13 February, 291-293 Corps I: 31-33,73,274-275 X: 310 XI: 9-10,26,31-33,36,41-42,44-45, 49,55,59-60,63,71,73-74,79, 98, 107, 110, 114, 119-120, 124, 127-128, 131, 135, 142-143, 151, 160,171,178,183,188-189,193, 200,202,207-209,217,233-234, 261-262,274-275,279,293,298, 31O,31?-318 History and components of, 34-35 Missions of, 46 Plans for landing and advance inland,47 Description in AAR of ZigZag Pass phase of Luzon campaign, 186187 Ordnance Shops: 69 XIV: 31-33, 55, 73,188,262,275 Arrives Dinalupihan 3 February, 142-143 Divisions (Infantry) 1st Cavalry: 32,42,73, 143,208-210, 322 2nd: 35 6th: 32, 274-275, 305 11th Airborne: 32 24th: 9,37,124,148,210,227,310

INDEX 31st: 35 31st (Phil. Army): 7 32nd: 31-32,42, 317 37th: 31, 73 38th: 9, 32-33, 42, 44, 48, 57-58, 73, 84,95, 107, 110, 114, 119, 121, 123, 126-128, 131, 143, 160, 167, 172,179,185-186,192-193,199, 207-209,218-220,225,233-234, 237,243,251,253,260-261,263, 270,273-274,293-294,296,298, 310-311,313,318,322 History and composition of, 35-36 Strength at start of campaign, 41 Preparations for Mike 7 Operation, 41-43 Plan for General Assault 8 February F. O. #12, 215 40th: 31-32, 143,262,297 43rd: 32 Philippine: 7 Engineer Battalions 3rd: 68 27th: 131 113th: 107,260,269,293 Field Artillery Battalions 11th: 217,227-228,240,279 63rd: 67, 69, 140, 151, 189, 192, 217 138th: 112,217,227-228,243,262 139th: 217, 224, 241 150th: 217,228 163rd: 112, 217 544th: 218 983rd: 217,228, 279 XI Corps: 217 38th Division: Restrictions placed on 5 February, 167-168 Bombardment of 8 February, 215217,219 Composition of, 217-218 Fil-Americans: 3-9 GHQSWPA: 44, 46,188,317 Plans for invasion of Luzon, 31-33 Medical Units 1st PSH: 158, 187

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3rd Field Hospital: 42 18th PSH: 158, 172 36th Evac Hosp: 158 113th Medical Battalion: 107 Naval Units BOISE, (cruiser): 32 DENVER, (cruiser): 45, 322 HOPEWELL, (cruiser): 322 HOWZE, General R. L. (transport): 41 ISHERWOOD, (destroyer): 54 LUCE, (destroyer): 322 MOUNT MCKINLEY (cruiser): 54 PHOENIX, (cruiser): 322 PICKING, (destroyer): 322 RONQUIL, (submarine): 15-17 SARATOGA, (transport): 49 WICKES, (destroyer): 322 YOUNG, (destroyer): 54, 322 VII Amphibious Fleet: 32 Seventh Fleet: 32 Task Force 38: 16, 19 Task Force 78.3: 44-45 Composition of, 43 Third Fleet: 16 Philippine Constabulary: 7 Philippine Scouts: 7, 54 Regiments (Cavalry) 7th: 322 26th: 54 Regiments (Infantry) 1st: 274, 305 19th: 318 20th: 275 21st: 151 23rd: 35 31st (Phil. Div.): 7 34th: 9,36,49, 71, 79, 97,103,110, 115,119,128,131-132,134-135, 141-142, 151-152, 158, 160-161, 167-170,174-175,183,186-189, 193,199,201,207,217,310-311, 313,318-320 Origin and history of, 37-38 Receives replacements, 41, 43-44 Landing and advance inland 29 January, 54-56 Losses in Leyte campaign, 124

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Withdrawn from battle 5 February, 171-172 Assessment of three days combat in Pass, 177-178 Retires to coast 6 February, 192 34th RCT: 32, 42, 44, 55, 58, 63, 73, 95,127-128,131,161,179,187, 192,217,310,317-318 Components of, 36-37 45th (Phil. Div.): 7 57th (Phil. Div.): 7 112th RCT: 31-32,317 126th RCT: 35 149th: 57-58,73,97, 101, 110, 115, 119, 121-122, 131, 142, 183, 187189,191-193,201-203,208,215, 217,224-225,227-228,234,245246,251-252,260-263,273,280, 291,293-294,297-298,305,313314,316,319 Origin and history of, 35-36 Flank march to Dinalupihan, 107, 113-114, 127-128 Occupies Dinalupihan-Hermosa line, 177 Attack against Nakayama Bn. 9 February, 243-244 Attack against Nakayama Bn. 12 February, 284 151st: 57-58, 101, 119, 122, 172, 179,183,187,199-201,215,217, 233,235,244,251,254-255,267268,313,319-320 Origin and history of, 35-36 Attack on MLR at Mt Hissho and Ichinose Hts. 8 February, 218-222 Withdrawn from battle for Mariveles operation, 271-274 152nd: 57-58, 71 , 73-74, 79, 101, 107-115, 119-124, 127-128, 132, 134-136, 142-143, 148, 154, 160161, 167-168, 186-189,201,207, 215,217,219,234,251,267,272273,275-276,280,283,291-294, 297-298,304,311,316-320 Origin and history of, 35-36 Operations of 1 February, 97-100 Attack of 7 February, 202-206

185th: 143 298th: 37 503rd Parachute: 148,274 Special Units Hqs. Bataan Defense Force: 7 North Luzon Force: 8 Staff G-2, XI Corps: 66, 74, 135, 205, 293 G-3, XI Corps: 97, 120, 143,224 G-2, 38th Division: 41,111-112, 125-126,205,233-236,244,260, 283,293 G-3, 38th Division: 41, 127, 143, 160,177,233,244,261,263 Support Units 24th Recon Company: 55-56,65,6768, 71, 192 40th Recon Company: 143 34th Regt Cannon Co: 67-68 44th Tank Battalion: 73 91st Photo Reconnaissance Wing: 316 309th Bomb Wing: 184, 221 383rd Quartermaster Truck Company: 37, 131 592nd JASCO: 37 603rd Tank Company: 67-68, 131, 215,269-271 636th Ordnance Ammo Co.: 59 Ancelet, Sgt Jean: 126,204,223,240 Angeles: 25-26 Araki, 1st Lt Keuichi: 226 Arimasan-maru: 17, Asaha, Pfc Yasuroku: 216 Asaue, 1st Lt Jiro: 303 Austin, Capt Paul N.: 169-170 Australia: 4, 73,124

-BBagac: 20-21,25 Baguio: 35, 225, 304 Balanga: 22, 307-308 Balayan Bay: 31 Ballentyne, Pfc Robert: 258-259 Balsic: 114,208,225-227

INDEX ","' 353 Bamban: 33 Bandai-zan Position: 292-293 Bashi Channel: 17 Bataan Death March: 4, 10 Atrocities, 3-6 Peninsula: 3, 8-10, 20-26, 32-33,4445,47-48,74,107,177,188,192, 209,227,274,304,315-317,321 Fall of, 4-7 Province: 20, 22, 47, 55, 74, 103,315316 Batangas Bay: 31 Bayambang: 31 Bayles, Sgt Donald M.: 132, 134 "B.B.B.": 19 Bell, 1st Lt A. R.: 214, 204 Benik, T/Sgt Edward J.: 158 Biak Island: 73 Bibby, Sgt James H.: 150, 171 Bishop, 2nd Lt Conrad w.: 49 Blackburn, T/Sgt Arthur G.: 169 "Blood-Stained Standard": 17, 305 Origin,14 Final disposition, 309-310 "Bloody Ridge": 207 Bolinao Peninsula: 45 Bonnycastle, Lt Col Arthur C.: 208, 244 "Bonds for Bataan": 6 Boothe, Plat Sgt: 256, Borneo: 3 Brewer, Maj Kenneth W.: 206 Brinson, 1st Lt Arthur: 243 Brown, 1st Lt Sheridan R.: 119,205 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR): 5354 Bulate: 113-114,202,208 Buna: 31 Buri Airstrip: 36, 208 Burma: 9 Bushido: 10, 14 Byus,CaptJohn: 100,255,268,283 Named commander 2ndll52nd, 277

-cCabanatuan: 6, 73, 308,

Cabulisan Spur: 46 Cagayan Valley: 73 Cain, 1st Lt James E.: 169 Cain, 1st Lt Paul J.: 67-69, 134 Calhoun, 1st Lt Jack L.: 159 Cameron, Capt Donald B.: 134, 157, 170, 178, 192 Camps: Carrabelle: 36 Livingstone: 36 O'Donnell: 5-6 Shelby: 36 Capas: 5 Carigara: 18, 124 Castillejos Pass: 48, 55-56, 65 Town: 46, 55-56, 192 Cavite Naval Base: 63 Central Luzon Plain: 21,25,33,45,177, 188, 192 Chase, Maj Gen William C.: 73, 208, 215-216,219,234,244,246,251, 259,263,274,276,320 Assigned command 38th Division, 209 Biography of, 210-211 Chasteen, T/Sgt: 174 Chavez, Pfc Mariano R.: 159 Chiamussu: 15, 80, 296 Chilcote, 1st Lt Willis L.: 228 Chilung (Kiirin): 15, 17 China: 9,15-16,49,80,247 Chivalry: 10 Ciancarlo, Pfc Guiseppe: 112 Civil War (American): 10 Clark Air Field: 21, 23, 25, 32-33 Clark, 1st Lt Lloyd G. : 270 Clifford, Col Thomas J.: 318 Cogswell, Maj: 228 Collopy, 1st Lt Richard v.: 55-56, 67 Connally, Senator Tom: 3 Cooke, 1st Lt Wesley E.: 257, 269-270 Cork, 1st Lt: 282 Corregidor: 3-4,8-10,21,65,73,274, 311,315 Cornwell, Lt Col Delbert D.: 97-98, 108-109, 119, 142, 173-174, 183, 202-203,222-223,239-241,251, 280,282

354

~' AVENGING

BATAAN

Cotner, Sgt Ray: 100, 126 Cubi Point: 103 Culo: 191-192 Cunningham, 1st Lt James: 111 Curtis, Pfc Lome L. : 158

-DDahlen, Lt Col Chester A.: 151 Davao Penal Colony: 4 Declaration of War Day: 217 DeGrandchamp, Pfc Eugene: 258-259 Demotts, 1st Lt. Hollister G.: 228 Dillon, S/Sgt Earl: 172 Dinalupihan: 7,20-23,33, 46-47,73-74, 107,115,123,127-128, 131,142143,177,183,188-189,191,226, 243-244,246, 260-262,297,303, 305,315-316 Description of, 192 Dingalan Bay: 31-32 Dishman, Lt Col Silas: 208, 227, 243, 262,284,297 Dockum, Cmdr D. G.: 54 Downey, Sgt Lew: 168 Duer, Maj Shirley N. : 100 Dulag: 42 Dyess, Lt Col William E.: 4

-EEasley, Brig Gen Roy w.: 121, 190-191, 199,201-202,209,215-216, 220, 245-246,280,291,297 Named interim commander 38th Division, 185 East Pass: 23, 147,207-208,225,246, 257, 283 , 287,291-292,294 Edogawa-maru: 15 Ellinghausen, 1st Lt Edwin A.: 228 Elmore: Brig Gen John A.: 185 Ennes, T/4 Melvin y.: 169 Eichelberger, Lt Gen Robert L.: 31-32, 291 Erickson, Sgt Erie: 158

-FFamiliar Peak (Mount Kosaku): 88, 110, 140-141, 167, 183, 187, 191, 199, 201,208, 233 , 319 Field Orders: #3 (XI Corps) 19 January, 41 #11 (38th Division) 5 February, 167168 #12 (38th Division) 8 February, 215, 219, 224, 245-246 #46 (Sixth Army) 30 January, 73, 275 Filipino Guerrillas: 23-24, 32-33,54-56, 74,89, 107, 127, 131 , 155, 177, 192,295,304-305,307,316-317, 322 Finschhafen: 34 Formosa (Taiwan): 15-17,19, 45,83 Formosans: 21, 74 Fort Wint: 64, 72 Franklin, T/Sgt George H.: 98-99, 174 Frederick, Pfc James: 124, 150 Fredendall, Maj Gen Lloyd R: 34 Freidinger, Capt: 209 Fujihara, Pfc Senji: 235 Fujimoto, MlSgt Masatoshi: 85, 134, 157,203, 223 , 233,263 , 280 Fujiwara, Sgt Katsumi: 160, 173 Fujiwara, Sgt Tadao: 203 Fukunaga, 1st Lt Tasuke: 296 Fukurei-maru~ 16 Funkhouser, Lt Col William L.: 200, 208,224,243-246,264 Relieved of command 3rdl151st on 11 February, 268

-GGarand, M-I rifle: 53, 82, 152 Garrett, Sgt: 140 Gonzales, Pfc Edd: 136 Goodenough Island: 124 Goto, Pfc Chikara: 155,296 Grace Park: 142 Grande Island: 59-60, 63-64, 72, 119, 188 Grannon, Cpl Leonard N.: 140 Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere: 9

INDEX Grissom, Pfc T. R.: 151 Griswold, Lt Gen Oscar w.: 142-143 Groteguth, Pvt: 299, 313 Grube, Capt Harry T.: 170 Guilliam, Sgt Roger: 68 Gustafson, Pfc Evon H.: 169 Guzman, Pfc Ben L.: 96

-H"Hairpin": 85-86, Ill, 147,221,233, 244,251-252,255,260,267,272, 274,280,282-284,291,299,319 Hall, Maj Gen Charles P.: 36,55,63,71, 95,97, 107-109, 113-115, 119120, 123, 127-128, 135, 142-143, 154,161,167,171-172,178-179, 185,192-193,199,209-210,216, 274-275,311,315-322 Biography of, 34-35 Assessment of defenses in ZigZag Pass, 47-48 Plans for implementing EO. #46, 7374 Dissatisfaction with 38th Division, 121-122, 184 Replaces 152nd Inf with 34th Inf, 124 Attaches 34th RCT to 38th Division, 160 Differences with General Jones, 186190 Opinion of tankers in ZigZag Pass, 271 Halsey, Adm William E: 16, 19 Hanaoka, Sup Pvt Shizuo: 282, 295 "Harukawa": 24 Hashimoto, Sup Pvt Susumu: 282 Hastings, Col Albert J.: 185,263-264, 268 Heaberlin, 1st Lt Gilbert: 95-97, 136, 140, 149 Heck, Sgt Leo P.: 168 Heller, SgtJMaj Raymond M.: 169 Hermosa: 73,142-143,177,191 Hester, Weldon B.: 152 Hieden, SISgt: 98 Higashi, 1st Lt Yoshikazu: 260

~,

355

Hijikata, Sgt Kuniharu: 87, 184,203, 216,223,228,241,258,269,271, 280-281,286,296 Hill: 301: 160, 172, 191,202 401: 160-161,167,172,203 Himeji: 14,79,309-310 Hinze, Pfc Victor: 68 Hirai, Atsurni: 68 Hirayama, Sup Pvt Fusataro: 282 Hirose, Pfc Hatsuzo: 296 Hirotani, Pfc Genichi: 133 Hodges, Lt Col Joseph H., Jr.: 227 Hollandia: 35, 151,316 Homma, Lt Gen Masaharu: 8, 31 Hong Kong: 3 Honma, Pfc Magoichi: 156 Honshu: 79 "Horseshoe": 80, 83-84, 87, 110, 112113, 121-124, 126-127, 135, 139140, 141, 147, 149-150, 153, 158-159,161,167,201,204,208, 244,251-252,272,274,318-319, 322 Description of, 132-133 Howe, Pfc Robert: 96 Hurdis, Maj Gen Charles E.: 276 Hyogo Prefecture: 79

-1lba Airfield: 4 Ichinose, Capt Masaaki: 85-86, 127, 148,155,161-162,175 lchinose Hts: 161, 176, 183, 190-191, 202-205,207,217,220-221,228, 235-236, 303 Iga, Sgt Kyujiro: 87-88, 111-112, 184, 203,221,235,240,255,257-258, 269,271,280-281,296,303,309 lkuta, Pfc Kiyoshi: 296 India: 9 Indiana: 35 Innes, Capt Rucker G.: 101, 159 Inoue, Pfc Toshi: 296 Ishihara, Sup Pvt Kazuhito: 296 Ishihara, W. O. Kazuichi: 87,282

356 f/" AVENGING BATAAN Ishii, Pfc.: 254 ltahashi, 2nd Lt Sadao: 304 Ito, Lt (jg) Chusaku: 22, 66, 72, 287 Iwanaka, Lt Gen Yoshlharu: 25 Ives, Col Washington M.: 276, 283, 293 Named commander 152nd Infantry, 275

-JJapan:4,6 Japanese Forces Air Force: 15th A.F. Unit: 226 Annies: 4th: 14 14th Area: 18-20,24-26,31,79,89, 307-308 18th: 35 25th: 18 Southern: 8 Battalions 1st 39th: 16,309 2nd 39th: 15, 18,21-22,25,303-305, 316 3rd 39th: 15, 18,21-22,60,65,79, 203,223,254,282,293,298-299, 303-305,314,316 Terrain chosen for MLR, 80-81 Organization of rifle company, 8182 Construction of ZigZag Pass defenses, 83-84 Suicide tactics, 125, 133, 183, 204, 235 Withdraws from ZigZag Pass, 285288 Reflections of survivors of battle, 295-296 Brigades 65th: 8 Companies (39th Inf) Anti-tank, 37-mm: 15,65,85, 148, 176,202-203,205,222 Communications: 16 Operations: 16, 86, 148,207,238, 304

Regtl Gun (75-mm): 21, 85, 217, 263, 280,287,303 3rd Bn HMG (Kato Co): 85, 109, 111,122, 133, 137-138, 148,155, 183,226,233,247,252,282,288, 295 Location of guns, 86-88 Losses on 4 February, 161 Reactions to American attacks, 236237,241-242 3rd Bn Gun Plat (70-mm): 88, 176, 190,203,217,228,235,263 5th: 21,23,25,207,225,246,292294,304 6th: 25 7th: 21,25 9th: 21,49, 80, 109, 123, 127, 135137,139,149-150,176,237,252254,272,285,287-288,293 Raids American lines night 31 January, 99-100 10th: 65,81,125,136,176,190,203206, 222-223, 238-239 Counterattacks and repulses 34th Infantry attack 4 February, 153 11th: 80,87, 126-127, 133, 156, 160, 174-175,202,257-258,280-281 Raids American lines night 1 February, 111-112 Divisions (Infantry) 1st: 18 . 4th: 8 10th (Tetsu Iron): 9, 13-18,32 16th: 15 23rd: 18 48th: 8 105th: 21,275-276 Engineer Units 2nd Company 10th Regt: 18, 84, 153, 316 Nakamura Platoon: 148,203,303 Field Artillery Units 6th Battery, 10th Regt: 18, 23, 25, 260,284,316 Groups: Kembu: 23, 25, 286 Shimbu: 275, 311 Shobu: 225,275,309

INDEX Imperial General Hqs. (IGH): 8, 18 Imperial Japanese Army (IJA): 14, 17 Naval Units Imperial Japanese Navy (lIN): 16 2nd Air Fleet: 16 Provisional Units Nakayama Battalion: 23, 79, 224, 227,243-244,252,261,284,297298 Organization of, 225-226 Final disposition of, 303-304 6th Company 2nd Battalion (Sakura Co): 23-24, 70,96,108,139,148149,176,245 Mounts "Banzai" attack against A134th 3 February, 140-141 Regiments (Infantry) 39th: 9,79,85, 112, 135, 161,226, 233,262,285,294,304-305,316 Origin and early years, 13-15 Moves from Manchuria to Bataan, 15-20 Special Units (Infantry) Central Garrison: 24, 304 Manila Bay Special Attack Force: 226 Manila Defense Force: 20, 25, 286 Nagayoshi Detachment: 19-20,23, 25-26,89, 184, 189,207,262-263, 292-293,309,315 Established 12 December 1944, 18 HQ not discovered during battle, 294 HQ withdraws ZigZag Pass night 9 March, 304-305 Final surrender, 305-308 North Garrison: 23, 189, 225, 263, 285, 294, 304, 313 South Garrison: 25 Tank Units 2nd Tank Division: 23, 25, 32, 227, 262,286 Java: 3, 8 Jenna, Col William w.: 44, 48-49, 54, 64,71, 108, 115, 128, 131-132, 142,151-152,159,167-168,170, 177,201,318-319

~~

357

Biography of, 37 Issues attack order 4 February, 147148 Jinno, Pfc Minoru: 253 Jonan Parade Ground: 14 Jones, Maj Gen Henry L. c.: 35,97, 110, 113-114, 119-123, 125-128, 132,143,170-171,174,177,179, 183-184,191,193,199,207,216, 219,311,319-321 Biography of, 57-58 Plan for breaking through Zig-Zag Pass, 160-161 Issues attack order for 5 February, 167-168 Relieved of command 38th Division 6 February, 185 Differences with General Hall, 186190 Jukaki-dai: 85,87,135,148,161,228 Jyohoji, 2nd Lt Momoyo: 111-112, 175

-KKagoshima: 15 Kalaklan Bridge: 66-69, 101, 115 Point: 60, 65, 67, 71, 101, 115 Ridge: 65, 142 River: 65,95,100,264 Valley: 96 Kamiyama, Pfc Juichi: 126 Kamo, Pfc Seiichi: 161 Kanazawa, Sgt Masao: 87, 133, 135, 139,154,161-162,178,183,296 Overpowered by tank attack 4 February, 155 Kanechika, MlSgt Masafurni: 155, 263, 281 Kashiwagi, Maj Takenori: 16, 18,305, 307,309-310 Kato, 1st Lt Kiyotaka: 86-87, 126, 139, 148,183-184,222-223,226,282, 298, 305-307 Kawanaka, Pfc Masahiro: 235 Kawanishi, Pfc Isao: 282 Keller, Sgt Lester H.: 205,219,299

358

,,"' AVENGING BATAAN

Kentucky: 35 KIGEN-SETSU: 240,255,268 Kimberlin, 1st Lt Vincent: 111,293 King, Capt: 268 King, Maj Robert: 268 Kincaid, Vice Adm Thomas C.: 32 Kita, Sup Pvt Tsuneo: 253 Kitano, 2nd Lt: 70 Kizu, Sup Pvt Mitsuo: 240 Kobayashi, Pfc Hisakazu: 272-273 Kobayashi, 2nd Lt Masanao: 87, 183 Kobayashi, Pfc Nagaharu: 123 Kobayashi, Maj Gen Takashi: 20 Konai, Sup Pvt Ryuji: 257, 271 Konishi, Pfc Rikio: 156 Konishi, Pfc Hiroshi: 253 Koujitani, 2nd Lt Ryuchi: 238 Koyama, 2nd Lt Takashi: 87,173,175, 273,288,296,305 Kreis, Sgt Don: 111-112, 204 Krueger, Lt Gen Walter: 31-33, 55, 7374,109,114,128,143,178-179, 188,190,209,274-275,316-317 Kubota, Pfc Sq Ldr HMG Kazuo: 263 Kuehn, Sgt Jere A.: 159, Kuko, Pfc Tsutomu: 156 Kumata, Pfc: 304 Kurokawa, Pfc Masahiko: 173 Kyoto: 15 Kyushu: 15,310

-LLaird, Pfc Jack: 96, Layac Junction: 7-8,191,316 LCVPs: 44, 53-54 Lemasters, Maj Paul R.: 259, 267, 269 Leyte Island: 16-20, 31, 34, 36, 42-43, 45, 54,58,73-74, 122, 124, 150-151, 159,178,188,208,210,299,318 Gulf: 44 Limay: 21-22,316 Lingayan Gulf: 7, 25, 31-33, 42, 45, 5455,188,225,315,317,321 LST (Landing Ship, Tank): 42,45, 57-59 Luke, 1st Lt: 298

Luzon: 8, 17-21,25,31-33,35,41,4344,48,55,60,89,107-108,186, 199,219,275,286,315,317,322 Description of XI Corps landing site, 45-46 Lynch, Pfc John P.: 159

-MMacAnallen, 2nd Lt Delmont E.: 43 MacArthur, Gen Douglas: 3,7,9,31-33, 55,188,208-210,316-317 Maeda, Sgt Yoshikazu: 303 Maeda, MlSgt Yoshio: 239-240 Magsaysay, Capt Ramon: 55 Malay Peninsula: 18 Malaya: 3,9 Manchuria: 9, 13-15,79-80, 83, 183, 296 Mangold, Maj Harry B.: 58,98, 108, 111,120,124-125,132,190,202, 204-205,215,267,272,283,291, 297,320 Manila: Armory: 25 Bay: 20,32,85,177,304-305,311, 315 City: 10, 18,20-21,23-24,32-33,42, 44,46,55,73,85,89,143,208209,211,226,274-275,286,308309,311,315,317,322 Mann, 2nd Lt Bernard D.: 101 Mann, Maj CarlO.: 152-154 Mano, Cpl Uichi: 203, 220 Maps: Aerial Photo: 47-48, 147, 152-153 Ground: 110,218,315-316 Difficulties with first maps, 110-111 Change to 1: 10,000 scale, 218 Maraman, 1st Sgt Robert: 174 Mariveles: 20-21, 25, 274 Martin, Sgt Thomas: 103 Masuda, Cpl Matsuo: 155-156,282 Mathena, Pfc Ray: 172 Matsui, Cpl: 217 Matsumoto, Pfc Tetsuji: 156 Matsuyaki, Sup Pvt Yoshio: 260

INDEX May, Andrew J. : 4 McCain, Vice Adm John S.: 19-20 McCann, Lt: 98 McCathern, Pfc Melvin: 100 McCown, Capt: 255 McCoy, Cdmr Melvyn H. : 4 McFayden, 2nd Lt John w.: 67-68 McFee, Pfc James w.: 168 McIntosh, Lt Col Jesse E.: 124, 126, 134, 160, 167, 191,202,234-235, 240,251,255,267,271-272,280 Named commander 152nd Infantry 2 February, 123 Replaced in command 152nd Infantry 12 February, 275 McKenna, Pvt William J.: -'71, 140-141 Meiji Era: 10, 14 Mellnik, Lt Col S. M.: 4 Merrill, Lt Col Gyles: 23, 54-55, 74, 317 Messer, Capt: 255 Mike Operations One: 31-32, 59 Two: 31-32 Three: 31-33,41-42,45,59 Four: 31-32 Six: 31-32, 59 Seven: 31-33,37,41-42,63,72 Problems at landing site, 58-60 Military Academy (Japanese): 15, 79, 226 Miller, 1st Lt Haskel P.: 168 Mindanao Island: 4, 67, 125,310 Sea: 19,45 Mindoro Island: 19,45,225,317,321 Strait: 45 Mitchell, Sgt John: 68 Miyake, Sgt Isoo: 66, 68 Miyazaki, 1st Lt Masanobu: 81, 126, 153,176,190,203,205-206,222223,238,240 Moji: 17 Monroe, Cmdr Henry S.: 15 Monteith, Col Charles S., Jr.: 110, 120, 143,224 Moran, Father: 171 Mori, Pfc Shigeru: 161

~,

359

Morimoto, Sgt Koji: 87,153,175 , 220, 235,237,252-253,273,288, Morinaka, Sgt Haruo: 87,123,217,220, 235,237,252-254,272-273,288 Moron: 20 Morotai: 34-35, 73 Morrissey, Capt George E.: 112, 141 Mottern, Lt Col L. Robert: 119-120, 200,219-220,233,235-236,251, 254-255,267-269 Mount Bataan: 20 Ege: 80,82-83,85-88, 109, 111, 122123, 126-127, 132-133, 135-136, 139, 142, 147-150, 153, 155, 175176,204,219-220,222,225,229, 234-237,244,246,251-253,263, 272-273,285,287-288,295,303, 320 Fumetsu: 82-83, 85, 87-88, 139, 175176,190,215,217,223,234-236, 238,244,251-252,254-255,263, 267-268, 272-273, 280-283, 285286,295,303,320 Hissho: 80-81,87, 124, 142, 147-148, 150, 175, 190,202,218-220 Iwa: 101 Ka~uga: 81,85,176,191,203,206207,251,320 Kita: 81,85,88,134,157,176,191, 203,207,221,223,239-240,251, 259, 320 Koko: 81, 85, 87-88,97-98, 101, 108, 111-112,122,125-127,134,148, 150,154-155,157,160-161,167, 172-176,202-203,237,257,282, 303,319-320,322 Importance of, 80, 207 Kongo: 23,176,207,285,293-294, 304 Kosaku (Familiar Peak): 88, 140-141, 201,285-288,294,319 Malasimbo: 23, 177 Minami: 81-83,85, 175-176, 191,202205,207,220,222-223,225,233235,237-239,251,255,271,320 Natib: 20, 303-305, 307 Pinatubo: 311

360

~"

AVENGING BATAAN

Rongosto: 192 Santa Rita: 286, 295-296, 298-299, 303-304 Shinshu: 82-83,85,87-88, 134, 147, 168,175-176,184,190,203,215217,221,223,233-234,239-241, 251,255-259,267,269,271-273, 280-281,283-284,286-287,296, 320 Todai: 65-66, 70, 85, 314 Mudge, Maj Gen Verne D.: 209 Mukden: 14 Munoz: 32,275-276 Muto, Lt Gen Akira: 18-19 Mutsuhito, Emperor: 13-14 Myers, Sgt Verdun c.: 43

-NNagai, Sgt Tamotsu: 17,49,83,109, 136-138,176,216,228,236-237, 242,246-247,287-288,295-296, 303 Reaction to American artillery fire, 122-123 Reflections on battle, 252-254 Establishes new positions on Mount Ege, 272-273 Nagai, Pfc Toshio: 296, 226, Nagata, 1st Lt Yuichiro: Nagayoshi, Col Sanenobu: 16-19,26, 49,79,207,225-227,233,285286,294,304-305,307-309 Biography of, 15 Establishes Bataan defensive positions,20-25 Nakamura, 2nd LtAkio: 216, 228, 237, 246,253-254,296,303 Nakamura, Sup Pvt Heiichi: 70 Nakamura, Pfc Kiyomi: 296 Nakanishi, Sup Pvt Hiroshi: 257 Nakano, Pfc Jutaro: 295 Nakano, M/Sgt Sadao: 153, 162 Nakano, 2nd Lt Shozo: 99-100 Nakano, Sgt (RegtL Gun Co,): 303 Nakase, Pfc Toshio: 133 Nakayama, Maj Takao: 23,225-227, 243-245,262,284,304

Namura, Sup Pvt Yonekazu: 216 Nanba, Pfc Chicao: 156 Napalm: 179, 184-185, 193,203,221, 241-242,262,276,313,321-322 Nara Prefecture: 81 Narukawa, Pfc Toyoji: 70 Nasugbu Bay: 31 Town: 32 Negritos: 73, 107 Negros Island: 19 Netherlands East Indies: 9 New Guinea: 73, 268 Newman, Col Aubrey S.: 124, 151,318 Nisei: 260, 307, 309 Nishiguchi, 1st Sgt Shinichi: 252 Nishimoto, Sgt: 191,202 Nishioka, Sgt Tarao: 236,241-242,282 Nishiyama, 1st Lt Kazuichi: 304 Nomura, 1st Lt Soto: 303 Nyren, T/5 Karl E.: 150

-0O'Bryan, T/Sgt: 174 Oda, 2nd Lt: 176, 279 Ogaki, Sgt Tadashi: 66,68,70,87, 148, 176,178,220,222,296 Ogata, 1st Lt Ukichi: 80,98, 126-127, 133,156,160,174-176,190,202, 257-258,280 Ogawa, Maj Hironori: 22-24, 60, 65, 70, 72,79,84,96-97,99,101,111112, 125, 127, 136, 139, 149, 153, 161-162,174,190-191,199,203, 205,207,215-217,222-223,228, 233,238-239,245,255,268,271, 280-281,287,293-296,298-299, 303-304, 309, 320 Biography of, 80 Locates heavy weapons, 85-88 Directs heavy mortar barrage 3 February, 134-135 Reinforces main line night 3 February, 148 Adjusts main line night 5 February, 175-176

INDEX ;;;:. 361 Urges fight to finish 5 February, 176-

177 Refortifies Mount Fumetsu night 10 February, 263 Organizes raid night 11 February, 279 Issues last order in ZigZag Pass, 285286 Ogiuchi, Sup Pvt Takao: 286 Oglesby, Lt Col Charles E.: 95,97, 131133, 135-136, 139, 141-142, 149, 152,318 Ogura, Sgt Kunio: 138 Oka, Col Naofurni: 13-14 Okamoto, Capt Takeshi: 304 Okamoto, Lt Gen Yasuyuki: 18 Okeguchi, 1st Lt Hiroshi: 303 Okuda, Sgt: 85, 176 Omae, Engineer Sup Pvt: 176,286 O'Malley, Sgt Joseph P.: 154 Onishi, Sgt Motohiro: 87, 176, 263, 295 Onishi, Cpl Sanji: 282 Ono, Pfc Toshio: 173 Orani River: 304 Town: 20, 85, 89, 244, 306-308 Orion: 22, 25 Ormoc: 36 Oro Bay: 36, 201, 217, 219 Oryoku-maru: 17 Oshita, Pfc: 228, 237, 253-254 Osmena, President Sergio: 211 Otani, 2nd Lt Shigeo: 85, 134,203,241, 284 Otani, Shinichiro: 68

-pPaddock, Col Ralf c.: 58,201,216,221, 224,234-235,237,244,251 -252, 255,259,263-264,267-268 Biography of, 199-200 Pamatuan River: 192 Panay Island: 19 Parker, Maj Gen George M., Jr,: 7 Patrick, Maj Gen Edwin D.: 275-276 Patton, Col John W: 74, 135, 293 Pearl Harbor: 3,9,43

Pearsall, Lt Col James F., Jr.,: 148,318 Personeni, Plat Sgt: 67 Pharr, Capt Ralph: 109 Pilar: 20 Planes Artillery observation: 97, 99, 109, 114, 135,177,203,205,227,236,242, 252,260,262,279,294,305 Downing of on 8 February, 228 B-29: 16 C-47 Cargo: 191,261 P-38: 21, 54 P-47 Thunderbolt: 54,179,184-185, 236,243,262,294,321 Postlethwait, Lt Col Edward M.: 64,67, 95,175,318 Potter, Pfc Harry w,: 150, 155 Pullen, Capt "Tuffy": 124, 149-151, 153-155 Purlee, Maj: 261

-RRansohoff, Capt James B.: 97, 121, 127, 149,205,208,221,224-226,246 Rants, Sgt Hanford: 151-152, 169 Rathje, 1st Lt Louis: 172 Ratto, Pvt Anthony P.: 140-141 Red Cross: 7 Revock, 1st Sgt Edward: 170 Rhem, 1st Lt Thomas c.: 133, 170 Rice, Lt Col Charles H.: 98, 108-109, 125,177,234,236,240,251,254255 Richtiger, 2nd Lt Lewis: 67 Riggs, Rear Adm Ralph S.: 45 Robinson, 2nd Lt Charles J.: 150, 152 Rock, Pfc Harold: 96 Romulo, Col Carlos P.: 9 Rose, Pfc William E.: 68 Russo-Japanese War: 10, 14, 82 Ryan, Pfc Hershel 0.: 128

-sSaeki, Pfc Shiro: 156 Saigon: 225

362

~' AVENGING

BATMN

Saipan: 66 Sakai, W.O. Ichiro: 190,202 Sakai, Col Takeshi: 14 Sakura, 1st Lt Iwao: 22, 24, 96-98, 109 Leads Samurai Attack 3 February, 139141 Samurai: 10, 14 San Antonio: 41,45-46,48,55-56, 59, 63,115, 192, 202,314, 317,321 San Felipe: 55, 192, 199 San Fernando: 5, 7, 55 San Jose: 32, 73, 275-276 San Marcelino Airfield: 20-21, 23, 55, 58, 97, 184, 191-192, 199, 201-202,225-226, 261,279, 321 Ready for use 5 February, 179 Town: 46, 56, 199,209 San Miguel: 55 San Narciso: 59 Santa Rita Barrio: 101, 114, 127-128, 131 River (Takarnine): 22, 88, 114, 125, 147-148, 167, 184,201,207-208, 215-216, 223-224,233, 243-246, 251-252,267, 280,283-285, 287, 291-293, 298-299, 303-304 Sasaki, 2nd Lt Takeshi: 280, Sawada, Sgt Maj Hisao: 155-156 Schneller, Pfc Bernard: 136 Schoonover, Maj James E: 313 Seitner, T/5 Kenneth S. : 170 Setogawa, Pfc Satomi: 156 Shields, Pvt James c.: 175 Shimuzu, 2nd Lt Yoshimitsu: 203-205 Shinfune, 1st Lt Yoshio: 80, 109, 123, 135-136,138, 150,176, 216, 220, 237,252-254, 272,285,287-288, 294-295 Silber, 2nd Lt Paul G .: 158 Singapore: 3 Sino-Japanese War (1894-95): 13 Sitton, Maj : 177 Six, Pfc John: 151-152 Skelton, Col Winfred G.: 97, 113-114, 127-128,131,177,191 , 226, 234, 243, 261-262, 297 Biography of, 107

Smith, Pfc Halbert: 100 Smith, Capt Howard A.: 174 Smith, Robert Ross: 316, 323 Snavely, Maj Harry L.: 71 , 148-149, 151-153, 156-157,170,175,318 South China Sea: 64 Southeast Asia: 9-10, 260 Soviet Union: 9 Spence: Brig Gen William : 274 Biography of, 218 SPM (Self-Propelled Mount); 67-69, 262 Stewart, Maj Robert: 200, 218-221,238239,251 , 255, 259, 269,272 Stillwell, Col Robert L.: 58, 97-98, 100, 111, 119, 121-122, 136, 219, 275, 319 Biography of, 107-108 Relieved of command 152nd Infantry 2 February, 123 Stimson, Secretary of War, Henry L. : 3 Stine, Capt Robert A. : 200-201 Storey, 1st Lt Oakley W. : 135-136, 154155 Struble, Rear Adm Arthur D.: 44, 54 Subic Bay: 7, 17, 21-22, 24-25, 33, 46-48, 56, 59-60, 188, 209, 216, 305, 311 , 316, 321 -322 Early development of Naval Base, 6364 . Town: 46, 48, 55-56, 65, 67, 71 , 192 Sulu Sea: 19, 45 Sumatra: 3 Summers, Capt: 236 Sunarni, 1st Lt Kyokai: 127, 136 Supplies, Classes of: 59 Surigao Strait: 45 Surrender leaflets: 115, 298 Sutherland, Lt Gen Richard K. : 316 Swing, Maj Gen Joseph M.: 32 Symanski, 1st Lt Edward S.: 192

-TTacloban: 42-43, 45, 60 Tadena, 1st Lt Aureliano E : 54 Takai, T. : 17

INDEX lfi" 363 Takakura, Sup Pvt Atsumi: 292, 294 Takamura, Sgt Shiro: 87, 109, 150, 161, 175-176,203,205,237-239,286, 296 Takao (Gaoxiong): 17 Takao, W. O. Hitoshi: 109, 111,237 Takenaka, Sgt Toshio: 82,126, 160, 173, 175 Tanaka, M/Sgt Sueo: 101 Tank Destroyers: 263 Tanks American M-4 Sherman: 109, 125, 127,154,177,190,202-204,220, 235,253-254,263,270-271,280282,297,314, Japanese Type 97: 227,234,243,260263, 273-274 149th Infantry problems with, 261263 Tassin, Capt: 156 Tayabas Bay: 31 Telegraph Trail: 115 Terauchi, Gen Count Hisaichi: 8 Thailand: 3 Thomas, Capt Albert S., Jr.: 174,240 Thompson, Lt Col Norman L.: 200-201, 268,272 Thornton, Pfc Douglas w., Jr.: 112, 133, 139,184 Todd, 1st Lt William P.: 98-100, 173 Togo,SgtMasao: 87-88, 176,263,282, 295 Tometa, Sup Pvt Hisaharu: 257-258,269 Townsend, Pfc Clyde S.: 206-207 Tsuchiya, Col Sakae: 16, 18 Tsuda, Sup Pvt Toshio: 247, Tsukada, Lt Gen Rikichi: 25 "2": 80-81,85-87, 148-150, 152-154, 158-159,175,177,190,202,204205,238,319

-uUeno, Sgt Tadao: 87, 133, 135, 139, 154,161,176,178,205,220,222, 296, Ulithi Atoll: 16

University of Santo Tomas: 208 Uwane, W. O. Shigeru: 161, 191,202203,205

-vVest, Capt James: 111 Vigan: 31-33,41-42,45,317 Villarin, 2nd Lt Mariano: 5 Visayan Airfields: 19

-wWada, 2nd Lt Shigeya: 14 Wainwright, Maj Gen Jonathan M.: 3, 8 Walker, Capt Stephen M.: 202,220-221, 238,255-259,269-272 Ward, 1st Lt: 241 Water's Edge Position and Guard Troop: 24,60, 86, 101, 148, 176,314 Composition and organization of, 6566 Withdrawal night of 30 January, 70-71 Water Place: 242 Wawa Dam: 311 Weiss, 1st Lt Lawrence S.: 96 West Pass: 23, 80, 84-85, 89, 176, 202203,225,286 Wewak: 35 White, 1st Lt O. B.: 100, 126 Wilkinson, Vice Adm Theodore S.: 32 Wilkinson, S/Sgt William G.: 169 Willoughby, Maj Gen Charles A.: 33 Wilson, Col Robert 1.: 205, 233, 283, 293 World War I: 10, 35, 125

-yYabushita, Pfc Yoshimi: 296, Yabuwaki, Sup Pvt Hiroshi: 216 Yamada, Pfc Sakio: 156 Yamada, W. O. Taro: 125, 136, 153, 162 Yamamoto, Maj Shozo: 25, 303-304, 309 Yamamoto, 1st Lt Tetsuo: 304

364

" .' AVENGING BATAAN

Yamashita, Gen Tomoyuki: 18-20, 225, 275-276,303,308 Yamauchi, Pfc Motoyoshi: 176 Yamauchi, Toshimichi: 68 Yamauchi, Sgt Yoshitada: 87, 109, 139, 150,154,161-162,177,183 Squad destroyed by flamethrowers 4 February, 155-156 Yanase, 2nd Lt Yoneji, 85, 203 Sets tank trap 9 February, 235 Yasm, Capt Thomas: III Yasumura, Col Norio: 14 Yeomans, 2nd Lt Kenneth E.: 67-68 Yoshida-maru #3: 16 Yoshida Squad (75 mm Gun): 263 Yoshizu, Sup Pvt Misao: 257, 269 Yuasa, 1st Lt Katsutaro: 85, 263, 303

-zZambales Mountruns: 32,45-46,49,54 Operation: 32,43, Ill, 151, 188, 193, 217,315-317 Province: 20, 23, 31-33,47,55,74, 103,315 Terrrun in ZigZag Pass, 108

Author in ZigZag Pass with Kyujiro Iga (L) and Tamotsu Nagai (R)

B. David Mann's career began in business and industry and ended after thirty years as an institutional development officer for various private colleges. Both his father and greatgrandfather served their country in the military, and David followed in their footsteps. He also shared his greatgrandfather's desire to convey his war stories to the public by publishing his memoirs. During World War II, David served in the 34th Infantry, 24th Division, after graduation from the Officer Candidate School in Georgia. He served as platoon leader on Luzon at the battle of ZigZag Pass. David has also served as an instructor at Camp Breckenridge, Kentucky and was aSSigned to the 15th Infantry, 3rd Division in Korea as an Assistant S-3 Officer. Mr. Mann is married with two grown children and three grandchildren.

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ISBN 1-57197-302-8

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Roderick Hall ColI. 131103 I 0787.4 .M36 2001 Avenging Balaan : the battle 01 Zigzag Pass I B. David Mann

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