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December 2022 ISSUE 1

Vehicles Management for Carbon Neutrality in Europe

Horizon-Europe funded project under Grant Agreement no. 101056765 Global Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions continue to rise and action to combat climate change is urgently needed. Electric mobility and energy transition strategies can help to achieve carbon neutrality. However, a massive increase in electric vehicles is limited by the charging and power grid infrastructures, battery autonomy and user adoption. The EV4EU project aims to develop and implement user-centric Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) management strategies to boost the use of electric vehicles in Europe for a more sustainable mobility. and end-users. The project also has the support of a public transport association, a manufacturer of wind generation systems, a business incubator, and municipal entities.

DR. HUGO MORAIS IS A SENIOR RESEARCHER AT INESC-ID AND AN ASSOCIATED PROFESSOR AT INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO On behalf of the EV4EU consortium, I am happy to welcome you to the “Electric Vehicles Management for Carbon neutrality in Europe” project. EV4EU is a Horizon Europe project bringing together a strong consortium covering the entire electric mobility value chain. It includes R&D entities, electric vehicle and electric charger manufacturers, technology providers, charging station operators, an aggregator / Virtual Power Plant, four distribution network operators, a governmental entity, an entity focused on social sciences,

EV4EU project targets the development of electric mobility enablers, proposing new solutions and business models that will contribute to the major changes in the emobility market, power systems sector and cities organization. The project aims to develop, test and patent a charging solution and to evaluate innovative business alternatives to be adopted by the users. The project will also propose a regulatory framework based on the results of the demonstration sites to promote EV massification and charging infrastructure development. All the strategies proposed will promote the coordination between electric mobility and renewable energy sources to decarbonize road transport in Europe.

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Editorial Welcome to EV4EU Project! The EV4EU project started in June 2022 and has a duration of 42 months. The consortium is composed of 16 beneficiary partners (+ 6 associated partners) from 4 European countries: Denmark, Greece, Portugal, and Slovenia. There are demonstration sites installed in the four countries to test the V2X management strategies and tools that will be developed within the project. Currently, there are several tasks and activities ongoing. Our first newsletter will present the EV4EU activities and events in the past six months, and introduce our partners and upcoming events. EV4EU Newsletters will be published every six months presenting the activities of the consortium. Subscribe to our newsletter HERE.

Increased awareness about climate change is leading to the development of several strategies in different sectors, including the transport sector, which accounts for 23% of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and has the lowest use of renewable energy sources. European Commission has encouraged efforts to reduce GHG through climate agreements and Sustainable Development Goals. The electrification of the transport sector will contribute to the carbon neutrality goals set by the EU in 2050. However, the massification of electric vehicles (EV) imposes several challenges on energy systems, the transport sector and society in general. In our first study, we analysed the global, European, Danish, Portuguese, Slovenian and Greek EV markets, charging infrastructure, and electricity demand. We presented the evolution of e-mobility scenarios until 2050 and analysed the main factors impacting electric road mobility and EVs wide adoption. CURRENT E-MOLITIBY SCENARIO Electric vehicle (EVs) sales are increasing significantly, but EV adoption is different around the globe. In 2021, EV sales reached 6.6 million units worldwide (8.6% of market share), with China and Europe leading the market, followed by the United States. In the same year in Europe, 2.29 million EVs were sold (17% of market share), with around 65 400 EVs sold in Denmark, 29 000 in Portugal, 10 000 in Slovenia and 7 000 in Greece. The EV numbers change even within the country, with the capital region showing a higher stock of EVs, as is the case in Denmark. All these EV numbers concern both battery electric vehicles (BEVs, those with pure battery power) and plug-in electric vehicles (PHEVs, those with both battery-powered electric motor and an internal combustion engine). In 2021, both China and the United States presented higher percentages of BEVs, however, the distribution of BEVs and PHEVs varied across Europe. For example, Portugal showed a similar number of BEV and PHEVs, but Denmark, Slovenia and Greece had a higher stock of PHEVs. Along with the increasing number of EVs in the past years, public charging points have also been increasing along with EV energy consumption. For example, in 2021, approximately 1.8 million public charging points were reported worldwide, with around 334 000 in Europe and 4800 in Portugal. Energy consumption, in 2021, was around 31.4 TWh worldwide, 8000 GWh in Europe and around 17 000 MWh in Portugal.

WHAT CAN WE EXPECT FOR 2050? To achieve carbon neutrality goals in 2050 and mitigate the impact of global warming, the EU is implementing policies that encourage the adoption of electric vehicles. With these targets in mind, several reports have proposed different e-mobility scenarios for the coming years until 2050. These scenarios vary in their strategies, but the most ambitious/ optimistic ones predict that in 2050 there will be above 1800 million EVs worldwide (90% of the global fleet by 2050), 330 million in Europe, 3.2 million in Denmark, 6.3 million in Portugal and 1.5 million in Slovenia. For Greece, the most optimistic scenarios foresee that the EVs stock in 2050 will represent less than 50% of total vehicles. Interestingly, the worldwide EV ambition scenario, when compared with the current EV fleet, predicts an increase of 40 million EVs/year until 2030 and 95 million EVs/year between 2030 and 2050. The wide adoption of EVs until 2050 requires the expansion of the charging infrastructure, along with an increase in the overall electricity demand. For example, the most optimistic scenario predicts in 2050 around 200 million public charging points worldwide and 4 000 TWh of global electricity consumption for EVs.

vehicle and usage costs, changes in consumer behaviour, improved driving range, battery lifetime and efficiency, shorter vehicle charging time, V2X technology, and coordination between EVs and renewable energies, among other factors. IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY The scenarios described in the study will be used in subsequent EV4EU activity tasks. The e-mobility scenarios until 2050 considering the targets for carbon neutrality defined by the EU and the countries participating in the EV4EU project will be used to further evaluate the impact of EVs in the power system and to define business models and use cases.

Source: Electric Road Mobility Evolution Scenarios, Deliverable D1.1, Electric Vehicles Management for Carbon Neutrality in Europe, EV4EU, Horizon-Europe Grant Agreement 101056765.

EV4EU has joined the

FACTORS THAT IMPACT EV ADOPTION There are several factos influencing a broad adoption of EVs by 2050. The EV development and massification can be encouraged with government incentives or taxes reduction, lower

BRIDGE initiative on Smart Grids, Energy Storage, Islands and Digitalisation 2

Countries

Demos

Use Cases

Month duration

The EV4EU Kick-off meeting was a two-day hybrid event with 17 inperson and 15 virtual participants to discuss the objectives, vision and expected impact of the project. All work packages were presented and discussed among partners, and several actions were identified for the upcoming months. The event counted with the participation of the Project Officer Eric Cerneaz that gave an overview about the European Commission (EU) and the European Climate, Infrastructure, and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA), and shared the EC's expectations regarding the EV4EU project.

The NEW R&D Webinar Sessions aim to bring EDP NEW experts and guests to discuss the future of energy, challenges and solutions in the sector. The “Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G): A powerful tool for decarbonization in electric mobility” featured moderation and participation of EV4EU members who presented and discussed EV4EU's contributions to V2G technology and Portuguese electric mobility scenarios. This virtual event counted with 97 participants. The webinar is available on youtube.

Stellantis & You Portugal - a company dedicated to the sale of new and used vehicles, vehicle assistance and car components supply EV4EU participated in the 2nd TECH@WEEK demonstration action

organized the “Electric & you” event promoting electric vehicles in

– Start Engines for Innovative Materials and Energy”, promoted by

Portugal. During the event, the public had the opportunity to test

the Portuguese National Innovation Agency. This event brought

22 electric and hybrid vehicles, from different brands, and to at-

together several European projects in the areas of Energy and Ma-

tend the Seminar “Advantages and Disadvantages of electric

terials, including EV4EU, and the participation of the Portuguese

vehicles”, with the participation of several speakers, including

Secretary of State for the Economy, and the Portuguese Minister of

EV4EU Coordinator Hugo Morais (INESC-ID), who presented the

Science, Technology, and Higher Education, among others.

EV4EU project aims and impact on electric mobility.

IN BRIEF ~

Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Investigação e Desenvolvimento (INESC-ID) is a Portuguese private, not-for-profit institution dedicated to Research, Development and Innovation (R&D+i) in the fields of Computer Science, Electrical and Computer Engineering. Among other areas, INESC-ID is very active in Energy Transition and Sustainable Power Systems. As the EV4EU project coordinator, INESC-ID will manage the EV4EU project and coordinate the consortium with defined financial and administrative management approaches, data quality and risk assessment strategies. INESC-ID will participate in the characterization of electric vehicle scenarios, regulatory frameworks, use-cases specifications, business models, V2X technologies, and implementation of technologies in the Azores demonstrator site.

Public Power Corporation (PPC) is an electricity generation and the largest power supply company in Greece, with activities in the generation, distribution, and sale of electricity to consumers, dedicated to research via innovative projects and experimental actions. PPC, owing a function of Charging Point Operation, manages a large set of charging stations and services for electric vehicle users in Greece and has essential knowledge in developing platforms and integrating different services and apps. In EV4EU, PPC will define, design and implement the Open V2X Management Platform to support the next generation of V2X and userfriendly and ergonomic APIs and APPs. More than creating a good platform with performant algorithms, the focus will be on supplying the user needs, while increasing their engagement in using the system.

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Funded by European Union Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 101056765. Views and opinions expressed in this document are however those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the grating authority can be held responsible for them.