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NEO-PARIS ON THE WAY
New Architecture in Old Paris 舊城新廈
巴黎新貌 Only in Paris will one find that architecture is part of the art sprawling the entire city. Since the industrial revolution, materials have changed from stones to iron, steel, glass and colours. Tour Eiffel, Musée du Louvre and Centre Georges Pompidou respectively marked the modernization of Paris, and the Grand Projects proposed more than 20 years ago stormed the Parisian architecture industry. In Paris, however, the policy restricting new buildings allows us to expect little.
Text 文 ／Yen English translation 英 文 翻 譯 ／ Ren Wan
La Défense, a commercial district in Paris, seems like a new paradise for architects, where a new building by Morphosis called Tour Phare is about to tower in. Directed by Thom Mayne, winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2005, the 68-level tower is 300 metres tall, closely following the 320-metrehigh Eiffel Tower. As the designer claimed, this is a “mixed building” which, contrary to “square” office buildings, consists of a public area, an atrium, a park, a coffee shop, shops, an observatory and a roof-top restaurant, as well as pedestrian walkway at basement connecting the METRO. Sustainable technology is widely used in the building, such as wind power generators on the roof and designs which prevents excessive heat produced by direct sunlight. “Walk along the building and you will find its diversities that you can’t find by simply looking on one side, but from different angles. It is a dynamic structure which interacts with the environment,” says Mayne. By 2012 as proposed, the Tour Phare will be another landmark in Paris, after La Grande Arche by Johann Otto von Spreckelsen in 1990. Another focus of attention is La Villette Park in the northeast Paris. A new member will join as a part of the district in 2012 — Philharmonie de Paris by Jean Nouvel. Designed by the greatest Parisan architect, the capacity of the threatre is sufficient for 2400 seats. In terms of design, this is an extension of the park, in a shape alike floating melodies. On every level there is a vineyard-like balcony as a lounge for audiences during intermissions. As an expert in building with glass and steel, Nouvel this time used aluminum to clad the architecture whose surface reflects the surroundings, forming a natural harmony with the city view. Nouvel remains a legend, for his Institut du Monde Arabe and Fondation Cartier building in the 80s. And will this theatre be his classic work of the 21st century?
只有巴黎的建築物，才是一件宏偉藝術的一部分，融入整個城市 當中。自工業化革命以來，建築材料逐漸地從石頭轉換到鋼鐵、 玻璃與色彩。艾菲爾鐵塔、羅浮宮和龐比杜中心象徵了一個邁入 現代化的巴黎。20多年前，大巴黎計劃（Grand Projects）提出， 令沉寂的巴黎建築界掀起無限波濤。然而巴黎並不容許興建大 廈，人們還能在巴黎期待些甚麼新建築？ La D é fense商 業 區 似 乎 已 經 成 為 了 建 築 師 的 新 樂 園 。 那 裡 即 將 升 起 的 新 大 樓 有 由 Morphosis設 計 的 「 燈 塔 」 。 這 個 由 2 0 0 5 年 普 里 茨 克 建 築 大 獎 得 主 湯 姆 梅 恩 領 導 的 洛 杉 磯 建 築 公 司 負 責 的 「 Phare Tower」 高 3 0 0 米 ， 共 6 8 層 ， 比 起 3 2 0 米 的 埃 菲 爾 稍 低 一 點 。 設 計 師宣稱這是一棟「混合性大廈」。燈塔有別於一般「方形」辦公 大樓，除了擁有個公共空間，內裡還包括中庭、公園、咖啡店、 商店及一個觀望台與頂樓餐廳，底層則是聯接地鐵的行人道。這 棟建築物也採用了不少「可持續性」科技，如屋頂的風力發電 機，以及減少陽光照射產生多餘熱能的特別設計。梅恩說：「沿 著建築物走的話，就能發覺它的多元性。在不同的角度觀看，就 不單單只見到一個圖像，而是一個充滿著動態的結構，無時無刻 地 與 環 境 在 互 動 。 」 預 計 在 2 0 1 2 年 完 工 的 「 Phare Tower」 將 繼 Johann Otto von Spreckelsen於 1990年建的新凱旋門，成為巴黎的 新地標。 另外，坐落於東北區的巴黎拉維萊特公園最近也吸引了不少關 注。該區到2012年，將會加入一座由建築師努維爾設計的演奏 廳，名為「巴黎愛樂大廳」。這個由法國首席建築師設計的演奏 廳可容納2400個座位，其設計像是該公園的延伸，由平地逐漸升 高，然後像律動著的五線譜般。建築師特意在每一層設計一個宛 如葡萄園的露台，讓觀眾在演奏會中場休息時透一透氣。善於以 玻璃及鋼鐵為建材的努維爾，這次則採用了包層鋁，讓它的外觀 反映出四周，與巴黎風景達成和諧。 努維爾至今最讓人津津樂道的，是80年代建造的阿拉伯文化中心 和卡地亞基金會大樓，那這座演奏廳是否能成為他21世紀的另一 經典大作？ 看來新巴黎已在醞釀當中。
A Neo-Paris is about to be born.
Photo Courtesy of Morphosis
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NEW ECO-CITY 新城記 Text 文 ／Yen English translation 英 文 翻 譯 ／ Anny Hung
An expectant journey to UAE, what claims to be the first self-sustaining eco-city in the world. 萬眾期待著的聯國之旅，窺看全首個自供 持續能源之城。 Everyone wants to lead a better life. People are trying to change with the trend in every way — from organic food, to a slower and happier lifestyle. Too much of the past, however, will be a constraint to your present life. Why don’t we just start everything in life over again right now? Maybe in Masdar.
沒有人不想活得更好的。從摩登到簡約，有機、慢活到樂活，現 在的人們已經連生活也一併跟隨著潮流走。但太多的過去，總會 束縛著現在。那能不能就在此刻，將一切生活重新來過？或許在 馬斯代爾便能實現。
Masdar City is a new city rising in the midst of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. It totals 6 million square meters and costs 5 billion US Dollars to construct. It claims to be the first self-sustaining eco-city in the world. So what is self-sustaining then? It is the transformation of natural resources into another source of energy supply. The city is developed by the Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company and designed by the eminent Norman Foster, a leading British architect. The city adopted the traditional design principles of a wall-city which aims at developing a sustainable society that produces no carbon and waste.
馬斯代爾城，一個即將於阿聯酋的阿布扎比境內升起的新城市。 佔地600萬平方米，耗資50億美元，宣稱為世界第一座自給自足 的 環 保 生 態 城 。 但 何 謂 自 給 自 足 ？ 即 self-sustaining， 利 用 當 地 自然資源轉換為能源供應的能力。這個由阿布扎比Future Energy Comapny發 起 ， 並 由 英 國 建 築 大 師 諾 曼 福 斯 特 主 導 設 計 的 馬 斯 代 爾城，採用了傳統圍城的城市規劃原則，以最新科技來建立可持 續性的零碳與零廢物社會。福斯特說：「馬斯代爾城的挑戰性設 計從根本上顛覆了傳統的城市規劃，它將會成為未來城市可續性 建設的新基準。」
“The challenging design of Masdar promises to question conventional urban wisdom at a fundamental level. Masdar hopes to set new benchmarks for the sustainable city of the future.” Foster stated. Located in the midst of a hot desert, Masdar’s cleanest source of energy is solar power. As a result, the first stage of development in the city is the construction of a huge solar energy power station. It incorporates 3 kinds of mainstream photovoltaic technologies which targets at providing half of the total electrical energy in the city. The other half is from wind power generated from a wind power energy station in the north of the bay. Palm trees and red forest will also be planted for an alternative source. These raw materials are completely combustible, renewable, and odorless with a quality even higher than oil. In order to deal with the high temperature in the desert area, the designer is building a canal in hope of bringing away the heat through water. To remain at zero-oil use in the city, it will be entirely car-free. Carefully planned public transportation will ensure that none of the city’s inhabitants will have to walk more than 200 meters before meeting some part of the transportation link. Included in the transportation system will be a network of shaded walkways and narrow streets, creating a pedestrian-friendly atmosphere for those who prefer to travel on foot.
坐落於熱帶沙漠中，馬斯代爾的最佳「清」能源就是陽光。因此 該城第一階段的發展就是建立一個巨大的太陽能發電廠。這個集 合三種主流光電技術將供應城內至少一半的電力。另外一半則來 自於北部海灣的風力發電裝置。馬斯代爾城四周也將種植作為生 物燃料的棕櫚樹和紅樹林，這種原料完全可燃、再生、沒氣味甚 至比石油還更優質。為了一解沙漠性高溫，設計師還打算建設運 河，借流水將部分高溫帶走。在完全不使用一滴石油的前題下， 在這裡汽車也將無用武之地。任何一個最近的交通與便利設施點 都不超過200米。緊密的街道大多有遮蓋，以鼓勵人們出外時選擇 步行。 建立於阿布扎比主要的交通設施中，馬斯代爾城除了與周圍城市 銜接外，阿布扎比市中心與國際機場都在咫尺之間，而且這座城 市也將作為新能源的發展中心，城內還會興建一所大學及新經濟 區域；如此優厚的環境，不難吸引國際級學術專家和商業人士到 訪。福斯特說：「建築師總是站在科技的尖端，但是這不代表 要將科技從建築的人文和精神內涵中分離出來。」眼看可持續性 發展即將成為一大設計趨勢，而作為首個「零碳」城市的馬斯達 爾，將會成為阿聯酋國土上「真正」的綠洲。
Masdar is linked not only to the cities outside the wall. It is the center hub of Abu Dhabi and the international airport can be reached via the road infrastructure in no time. Apart from that, a University and a new Economic zone will be established in the city. “With such favorable environment we can expect to attract scholars, specialists and businessmen to pay a visit.” Foster said, “Architects always go ahead in technology trends, but it does not imply singling technologies out from people and spiritual needs in architecture.” Seeing that sustainable development is the trend and being the first zero-carbon city, Masdar will become the real oasis in the land of the United Arab Emirates.
Photo Courtesy to Foster & Patners
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