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Volume 18 – Issue 1

Summer / Autumn 2026

The Equine Gut Microbiome – Herbs, Soil Health and Chronic Disease The Sounds that Horses Make and What they Mean Road Trip – ‘Supporting Travel Fatigue with Acupressure’ Superstar Stallion – ‘Metal N Lace’ Heading to New Caledonia HELP! My Horse has Allergies Frog Shedding The Legend of ‘Lenny the Leopard’

COMING EVENTS | AREA MAP | SERVICE DIRECTORY

t he t rainer’s f riend

Hoof Poultice Boot

Complete equine vitamin, mineral and amino acid supplement. PATENT FORMULA

Supports hoof, bone, joint, soft tissue, coat and all vitamin, mineral requirements

16 The Legend of ‘Lenny The Leopard’

4-5

The Equine Gut Microbiome-Herbs, Soil Health & Chronic Disease

8-10

Superstar Stallion ‘Metal N Lace’ Heading to New Caledonia

12-14

The Sounds Horses Make And What They Mean

16-17

Road Trip! - Support with Acupressure

COVER PHOTO ‘Lenny the Leopard’ by David Everdell

Frog Shedding

20-22

Area Map

24-25

Coming Events

26-30

Agricultural Shows

The Horse In Australia – Why Everyone Should Buy this Book

Trueco Elite – A Game-Changer in Horse Feeding

HELP! My Horse has Allergies

37-40

Service Directory

42-46

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Advertising and all other enquiries please contact Kerrie Phone: (02) 6653 6403 Mobile: 0422 235 933 Email: equinenews@bigpond.com www.equinenews.com.au

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Equine News & Trade Services Directory PO Box 9014 Moonee Beach NSW 2450

The Mid North Coast Equine News & Trade Services Directory Disclaimer: All rights reserved. This Publication may not, in part or whole, be copied, photographed, scanned or reproduced in any format, electronic or otherwise for reproduction without written authority of Equine News & Trade Services Directory. While we exercise due care and diligence to ensure the accuracy of it’s contents, the publication of an article or advertisement is not automatically the view held or has the endorsement of the editors. We do not take responsibility for any inaccuracies by authors. Contents of advertisements are the responsibility of the advertisers. The Publishers liability for damages resulting from any omissions, error, misprint or failure to publish any advertisement that it has accepted or agreed to publish is limited to the exact amount actually received in payment for the advertisement.

EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

The Legend of Lenny the Leopard, Moonee Beach and Rebecca Real. The publication of Equine News is produced near the faraway beautiful beach called Moonee, not too far from Coffs Harbour, NSW. It, like so many areas in Australia, has a massive contingent of horse lovers and followers of equine pursuits. Amongst the equine people here is a woman called Bec McDonald. Bec is one who favors the Appaloosa horses. Through some strange quirk of history, a book has been produced by photo journalist, David Everdell, which tells of the story of a famous Australian Appaloosa Polo horse known as Lenny. The book is called THE LEGEND OF LENNY THE LEOPARD and who should appear in this book, but let it be, Bec. Her maiden name is Rebecca Real and she appears in the book because of her close proximity a place where Lenny was playing polo and her friend, David.

At the time, Rebecca was wearing coloured jodhpurs as another friend, Sandy Deane, had a business that made clothes for horse-people. Sandy felt that the wearing of white jodhpurs was getting way too boring. In polo, they all wear white jodhpurs as a tradition. The white jodhpurs all become stained with saddle marks. But that’s the tradition, and as far as I can see, it never will change. Never the less, Rebecca’s attire caused quite a lot of interest.

ABOVE: Rebecca Real at Polo BELOW: 2025, Bec McDonald & Moonee Beach

ABOVE: Model Rebecca Real trying out one of my indoor hit pits.

Another thing that Rebecca “advertised” was something that David made for polo people around New South Wales. It was a “Hit Pit”. A ‘Hit Pit” is a rather large structure with a wooden horse in it that David also made. It allows a polo player to sit on a wooden horse and hit a polo ball at all different angles. The ball will almost surely come back to the rider and until they can hit it without hitting the horse, the hit pit is essential. Davids hit pit had advertisements with Rebecca in them too. You can see the Hit Pit of David Everdells in action by going to Youtube and typing in exactly… David Everdell, REVOLUTIONARY POLO PRACTICE “HIT PIT” 4 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

AUTUMN 2026

LEFT: Advertising “Wooden Horse” BELOW: David’s wooden horses can be carried on field between matchs and used to see who can hit the furtherest. The back legs are tilted for behind the tail shots.

A Palouse Indian on Appaloosa being pursued.

The story in The Legend of Lenny the Leopard, is one of a lost and accident ridden Appaloosa, bound for the knackery. He was inadvertently discovered by Jamie Ashton and through a line of amazing events turned into one of the best known International Polo Horses of Australia. The story is absolutely true but in addition the book contains many of the things and people that were around Lenny at the time. The book costs $100 but that includes packaging and postage to anywhere in Australia. For anyone interested in the pursuits of horses and particularly Appaloosas, this would be something worth owning.

at polo. There is also the poem of polo player, Banjo Paterson, that shows a “slightly” different side of all that entailed in the book. There’s mention of the Packers and Australian actress Rachel Ward who is tied in through her family history to one of polos major Trophies called the Dudley Cup. In addition there are lots of pictures taken by David Everdell that were all happening around the time of Lenny and also some fantastic art work done just for the book by Robbie Marheine who is herself a New Zealand and Australian artist who was also “tops” in equestrian pursuits. If you feel you would like to buy the book, just email to David on deverdell@gmail.com .

The book, The Legend Of Lenny The Leopard There are a mass of stories surrounding Lenny including the way he got his name. There are stories of the origins of Appaloosas in the USA and how they nearly got wiped out because they became the horse of the Palouse Indian tribe that the new coming Americans wanted to get rid of. This is how the Appaloosa got his name. The horse of “a Palouse” Indian. The Ashton family are well known in Australian equine history. There is the story portrayed in the book of how four Ashton brothers once a long time ago, put all their polo horses on and old ship and went off around the world to show others “out there” that we also knew how to ride a horse

EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

ABOVE LEFT: Jamie Ashton. ABOVE RIGHT: The 4 Ashton brothers who took on the world.

The Equine Gut Microbiome – Herbs, Soil Health and Chronic Disease Catherine McDowell www.mcdowellsherbal.com Photo: Agnieszka Gulczyñska Fotografia

Modern research now places the gut microbiome at the center of metabolic, inflammatory, and immune-driven conditions, both in humans and animals.

In horses, the interaction between diet, forage quality, soil microbiology, gut integrity, and microbial diversity is increasingly recognised as a foundational determinant of long-term soundness and metabolic resilience. Introduction The equine gastrointestinal tract hosts a vast and complex community of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota. It plays a critical role in digestion, metabolism, immune regulation, and systemic health. Over the past decade, advances in genomic sequencing have revealed that alterations in the equine microbiome are associated with several chronic disease states, including laminitis and Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS).

The Equine Microbiome and systemic health Horses are hind-gut fermenters, relying on microbial fermentation of structural carbohydrates in the caecum and colon to generate volatile fatty acids (VFAs), which provide a major proportion of their daily energy requirements. In addition, microbial turnover contributes to the synthesis of B vitamins and bioactive compounds that influence immune and metabolic pathways. Some studies confirm that: –

Rapid dietary changes, high non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) intake, and antibiotic exposure significantly disrupt microbial balance.

–

Dysbiosis contributes to increased intestinal permeability (“leaky gut”), allowing endotoxins and inflammatory mediators to enter systemic circulation.

–

Australian research and international studies increasingly link gut barrier dysfunction to chronic low-grade inflammation, a key driver in both EMS and laminitis.

–

Reduced microbial diversity is associated with laminitis, insulin dysregulation, colic, and inflammatory conditions.

Research by Costa et al. highlights the significance of this microbial ecosystem and its profound shifts in disease states, suggesting that targeted microbiome modulation may offer new preventive and therapeutic opportunities (DOI: 10.1017/S1466252312000035).

Intestinal permeability and inflammation Increased intestinal permeability occurs when tight junction integrity 8 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

AUTUMN 2026

in the gut lining is compromised, allowing bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) and incompletely digested particles to enter the bloodstream. This can activate inflammatory cascades, alter insulin sensitivity, and impair vascular function. Factors known to increase permeability in horses include: • High-starch or high-sugar diets • Poor-quality or mould-contaminated forage • Antibiotics and chemical wormers • Chronic stress and transport • Systemic illness • Nutritional imbalances (notably trace minerals and antioxidants) This mechanism aligns closely with emerging models of laminitis pathophysiology, which increasingly focus on inflammatory, endocrine, and vascular dysregulation rather than purely mechanical or vascular shunting theories.

Herbs and the Gut Microbiome: How Plant Compounds Shape Gut Bacteria Many medicinal herbs and plant phytochemicals reach the colon largely unabsorbed, where they directly interact with gut microbes. Research shows a two‑way relationship: herbs are transformed by microbes, and in turn can reshape the microbiota, influencing immunity, metabolism, gut barrier function, and even brain health.

Major Ways Herbs Interact with the Microbiome Gut microbes “digest” herbal compounds into smaller, often more active or better‑absorbed metabolites, sometimes reducing toxicity. Overall, herbs and plant phytochemicals can meaningfully reshape the gut microbiome and be reshaped by it, generating metabolites and microbial profiles associated with better gut, metabolic, and possibly brain health.

Supplements and gut ecology While targeted supplementation can be clinically valuable, excessive or poorly balanced supplementation may disrupt gastrointestinal homeostasis. Potential risks include: • Altered gut pH • Mineral antagonism and imbalance • Renal and hepatic overload • Crystallisation and urinary tract stress • Microbial suppression Wholefood based nutrition and plant-derived mineral complexes are generally better tolerated and biologically compatible than synthetic isolates. This reinforces the principle that food quality, forage diversity, and digestive integrity must remain the primary foundations of equine nutrition.

Mcdowells support McDowells Equigesta‑Pre is a purpose-formulated prebiotic blend that combines traditional plant powders with brewer’s yeast and bentonite clay to create a substrate that supports microbial growth and microbial metabolism. The rationale for this type of formulation draws on several principles: Prebiotic Support: Ingredients such as herbal fibres and brewer’s yeast provide fermentable substrates that beneficial gut bacteria can utilise, which may help sustain microbial diversity and metabolite production. Prebiotics are recognised in human and animal nutrition for promoting the growth of health-associated bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species. Mucosal Soothing Components: Herbal constituents like Slippery Elm and Aloe Vera are traditionally included for their high mucilage content, which can support mucosal hydration and comfort in the digestive tract. While direct clinical evidence in horses remains limited, mucilaginous botanicals are used in veterinary practice to help maintain gut barrier integrity. Digestive Environment: Bentonite clay and certain herbal powders may EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

help support gastrointestinal function through mild binding actions and by creating a favorable environment for microbial fermentation. This can assist in maintaining consistent manure quality and digestive regularity in horses prone to sensitive guts. Medicinal Qualities: The herbs selected in the Equigesta PRE do have traditional qualities that also act systemically with their anti-inflammatory properties, nutritional properties and traditional herbal actions all aimed at supporting gut function and restoration of the animals metabolism. Equigesta-Pre is an ideal supportive supplement intended to complement a balanced diet and sound pasture management. It forms part of good management practices where conditions such as laminitis, insulin dysregulation, or gastrointestinal disease are present.

Conclusion Emerging research confirms what traditional systems of medicine have long observed: gut health, microbial diversity, soil ecology, and systemic inflammation are inseparably linked in the development of chronic equine disease. Laminitis and EMS are not isolated hoof or endocrine disorders—they are expressions of whole-system dysregulation, rooted in microbial imbalance, dietary stress, metabolic overload, and inflammatory signalling. By integrating modern research with herbal medicine, regenerative nutrition, and ecological pasture management, it is possible to support deeper, more sustainable healing outcomes for horses affected by metabolic and inflammatory conditions. If your horse is struggling with laminitis, insulin dysregulation, or chronic metabolic imbalance, a personalised herbal and nutritional program can help restore systemic balance at its foundations. McDowells Herbal offers professional consultations designed to address gut health, inflammation, lymphatic function, and metabolic resilience using evidence-informed herbal medicine and holistic nutritional support. You are invited to book a free consultation to explore a tailored approach for your horse’s long-term wellbeing.

10 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

About the Author – Catherine McDowell – Medicine of Mother Nature… I was first introduced to the concept of Herbal Lore when I was very young. I think one of the earliest influences I can remember was from my grandparents, who were very traditional Bathurst farmers of the well known Cox family. My grandfather had the “people’s home library” which was a compendium of all kinds of home cures.

Herbal Medicine is, at its core, studying nature and the humanities. It’s about observing our diet, our environment and how we respond. Keeping a balance is difficult in the modern era as we are no longer interacting with our environment in the same way as we may have done even as little as a 100 years ago.

As a Dorothy Hall graduate working along side the well known Robert McDowell for many years and furthering my education with Dennis Stewart, I have developed my own unique application of herbal remedies. Working primarily with animals (Horses and Dogs) has been the most rewarding.

Having seen herbs work so well in so many cases has proven to me time and again the under-utilised power of herbal medicine. It is heartening to see now Vets, and some Medical Doctors seeing the traditional application of herbs as useful. My comprehensive service includes free animal consultations 24/7 via my web site, and face to face consultation at 62 Corporation Avenue, Bathurst NSW 2795. CLINIC: (02) 6331 3937 INTERNATIONAL: +61 2 6331 3937 ADDRESS: 62 Corporation Avenue Bathurst NSW EMAIL: info@mcdowellsherbal.com WEB: www.mcdowellsherbal.com

AUTUMN 2026

METAL N LACE

Superstar Stallion heading to New Caledonia after record breaking deal!

Photos by Tania Hobbs and Equiluxe Media

Some horses announce themselves loudly. Metal N Lace never did—he simply went to work. When Fortis Ridge Stock & Quarter Horses purchased him as a yearling, the intention was clear but unhurried. He was selected as a potential longterm stallion prospect—one we could train, campaign, and ultimately offer to the public as a true representation of our program and philosophy. Metal N Lace is by Moore Metal and out of a Dually Cool mare, and it was his pedigree that first stopped me in my tracks. The strength, cow sense, and athletic ability running through those lines spoke volumes. So much so that I made the decision to purchase him sight unseen from breeder Trent—guided by breeding, instinct, and experience. Even through photos, certain things were undeniable such as his kind, bright, willing eye. Strong bone. Excellent feet. A calm, thoughtful presence that suggested he would be a horse who wanted to learn and try. At the time, I was looking toward the cutting futurity space, but as Metal N Lace grew and matured through his early days after I had started him under saddle it became clear that his future might look a little different – He just had so much presence about him and natural ability in all his manoeuvrers. Our program usually consists of lower-level competitions such as ranch events for the youngsters before stepping into anything else high level as we find this is great exposure with little pressure for them – He was no different. Rather than pushing him straight into a futurity program, we allowed him to develop through real work and correct foundations. He was used as a “true ranch horse” I guess you could say on our cattle property, gaining miles, experience, and confidence outside of the arena long before stepping into it. When he entered his three-year-old year and we began introducing him to lower-level ranch events across NSW and QLD, his ability spoke for itself. With a simple, honest foundation, he consistently found himself either winning or taking reserve in every class and division, he entered. 12 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

AUTUMN 2026

There was no rush, no pressure—just correct preparation and a horse that wanted to do his job. His striking rabicano colouring quickly caught the eye of spectators, but it was his temperament that left the strongest impression. He was effortless to have around. Quiet in the stables and focused under saddle, and so settled that most people didn’t even realise he was a stallion until they asked. He never made a fuss—he simply did his job. That first official show year delivered more than we could have hoped for: multiple reserve titles and state championships across all ranch divisions in both NSW and QLD. With confidence building, we set our sights on the RHAA Australian Championships held in Scone in October 2025. Against Australia’s best, Metal N Lace rose to the occasion. As only a junior horse at 4 years of age he claimed an Australian title and placed across every discipline he contested—cutting, reining, trail, roping, ranch riding, and ranch pleasure. His versatility, trainability, and quiet consistency set him apart. It was at Nationals that the offers began to come to purchase him. At the time, we declined them all. However, just before Christmas, we made the difficult and emotional decision to place him on the market—knowing full well that only a very special home would be considered. We still had big plans for him, but we also understood the opportunity in front of us.

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That opportunity didn’t go unnoticed. Metal N Lace has now sold for a record breaking $50,000 to New Caledonia, making him the highest-selling ranch horse in Australia and the only “ranch horse” so far to be exported, and he is set to fly overseas in February. His impact on the ranch horse industry has already been significant here in Australia—and his journey is far from over. For us at Fortis Ridge, this sale represents more than a record price. It validates our foundation-based program, our belief in patience over pressure, and our commitment to producing horses that are not only competitive, but genuinely good to live with and ride.

E OF

AP PR OV ED GR

Metal N Lace is the result of time, trust, and a solid program.

ed, P , Test rove ied SSIO n

O O MER

And while he may be leaving our gates, his legacy will remain firmly woven into the fabric of what we do. ABOUT THE AUTHOR –

Cordless Clippers

Maggie Johnson Professional Horse Trainer & Ranch Versatility Competitor. Founder of Fortis Ridge Stock and Quarter Horses (Home to Metal N Lace quarter horse stallion) With over a decade of professional experience, I have been training and developing horses since the age of 15, specialising in producing safe, willing partners for both the performance arena and working station/farm and “ranch” environments. My training philosophy draws heavily on the principles of Buck Brannaman and Ray Hunt, focusing on creating soft, responsive horses with strong foundations and clear minds.

For more information on clippers, trimmers, and grooming, visit Botany Bay The Clipper Specialists botanybayimports TheClipperSpecialist www.shearmagic.net.au

14 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

Fortis Ridge Stock & Quarter Horses Situated in the Northern Rivers near Grafton NSW Enquiries please contact Maggie 0409 869 736 AUTUMN 2026

TRAVELLING the Pacific Highway NSW with your HORSE or PET? Stop Over at HIGHWAY STABLES

OVERNIGHT AND SHORT STAY ACCOMMODATION FOR HORSES AND PEOPLE Offering on site: professionally, personalized horse supervision, comfortable riding facilities, forest trails, and full health support access. Cute, clean and safe facilities to suit mature age combinations. Agistment options: long term self care, short term full board. Situated 10 minutes from the heart of Port Macquarie

Phone or text Eva

0429 844 611 ‘Topia’ 733 Fernbank Creek Road Port Macquarie NSW 2444

TESTIMONIAL Just spent the night along with my horse and a few members of the family. Such a beautiful place to stay. Eva gave us a warm welcome and was very helpful and accommodating with information about the area. My horse had a lovely big well kept stable. Facilities are exceptional. Cottage is beautiful as are the surrounds. Will definitely be returning when we head south with our horses. Great overnight or weekend stay.

Did you know you can apply for a horse under our rehoming program?

Local Land Services is safely trapping and rehoming feral horses in the Clarence and Coffs Harbour regions of New South Wales. If you are interested in rehoming one of the feral horses from the program visit our website for more information or call our Invasive Pests team on 1300 795 299.

Scan the QR code or visit nsw.gov.au/feral-horserehoming to learn more about our feral horse rehoming program. SCAN HERE

Local Land Services EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

The Sounds Horses Make and What They Mean Horses are often seen as quiet animals, but anyone who spends time around them knows they can be quite vocal. While not as noisy as dogs or birds, horses use a variety of sounds to express themselves, communicate with one another, and interact with humans. Understanding what these vocalizations mean can deepen our relationships with them and help us respond more sensitively to their emotional and physical needs. NEIGHS and WHINNIES: Long-Distance Calls The most iconic horse sound is the neigh or whinny. These are loud, far-carrying vocalizations that serve a social function. Horses often whinny when they are separated from their herd or human companions, expressing a mixture of anxiety and hope for reunion. It’s a way of saying, “Where are you?” or “I’m over here!” Horses recognize each other’s voices and will often respond with their own whinny when they hear a familiar horse calling. The tone and pitch of a whinny can vary depending on the horse’s emotional state, higher pitches may indicate stress or excitement, while lower ones may be more relaxed.

NICKER: A Gentle Greeting Nickering is a softer, lower-pitched sound, usually made with the mouth closed. It’s often heard during positive interactions, when a horse sees a familiar human approaching, when a mare greets her foal, or when a horse anticipates food or turnout. A nicker is essentially a friendly “hello” and is one of the most heartwarming sounds a horse can make, it’s definitely my favourite. It signals that they are feeling safe, content, and pleased with what’s happening.

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SNORT: Alert or Curious

GROAN or GRUNT: Discomfort or Effort

The snort is a quick exhale through the nostrils and is often associated with alertness or curiosity. When horses snort, they may be processing something new or uncertain in their environment. It’s a way of clearing the airways, but it also serves a communicative purpose, signalling to others to pay attention. In a relaxed setting, repeated snorting can even be a sign of comfort and enjoyment, like during play or after a release of tension. Context is key here, as snorts can mean very different things depending on the body language that accompanies them.

Horses may groan when lying down, stretching, or working hard. A soft grunt during a strenuous effort, such as jumping or heavy exertion, can be normal. However, repeated or sudden groaning might signal discomfort, soreness, or even pain. It’s important to observe the context. If groaning becomes more frequent, or is paired with changes in behaviour, it’s worth consulting a vet or bodyworker.

BLOW: A Warning or an Expression of Tension Blowing is a more forceful, prolonged exhale through the nostrils and is often used when horses are anxious or perceive a threat. You might hear it when a horse is spooked or about to bolt. It can also indicate frustration or the need for more space. A blow often accompanies other signs of tension, raised head, wide eyes, stiff body. It’s their way of saying, “Something’s not right,” and it’s wise to take this sound seriously and assess the environment or interaction.

The more we attune ourselves to the sounds horses make, the more we can understand what they’re experiencing and how they feel. Their voices, subtle or bold, are windows into their emotional world. By listening not just with our ears, but with our presence and attention, we show respect for their communication and strengthen the partnership we share.

SQUEAL: Protesting Boundaries Squealing is usually associated with dominance, irritation, or boundary setting. It’s most often heard during social interactions between horses, especially when one invades another’s personal space or during initial introductions. Mares tend to squeal more than geldings or stallions, particularly during hormonal cycles, but all horses can and do squeal. If a horse squeals when being saddled, groomed, or asked to move, they might be protesting discomfort or confusion. Listening to this can help identify sources of tension or resistance.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR – Suzy Maloney B.Eq.Sc. Dip.Couns. has a degree in Equine Science and a Diploma in Counselling. She has been instructing riding students for 15 years and runs her own business Happy Horses Bitless. Suzy discovered bitless bridles 10 years ago and has now made the promotion of their use her passion. She teaches students exclusively in bitless bridles, gives bitless clinics, writes articles, gives talks on bitless riding and sells bitless bridles through her web page. Suzy believes we can communicate with horses using gentleness, intuition and an open mind. Her lessons are a combination of classical riding, natural horsemanship and the understanding of equine behaviour.

Suzy Maloney B.Eq.Sc. Dip.Couns. HAPPY HORSES BITLESS | CONSIDERATE HORSEMANSHIP P: 0401 249 263 | E: suzy@happyhorsesbitless.com www.happyhorsesbitless.com

EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

Happy Horses Bitless Bridles

ROAD TRIP!

By Amy Snow & Nancy Zidonis Tallgrass Animal Acupressure Resources Photo - courtesy of Circle J Equine Transportation

Transporting a horse is always a challenging experience even at its best. Loading is the first challenge followed by the long haul. The longer the haul, the harder it is on the horse. When a horse is confined in a standing position for an extended period of time, he can become stressed, tired, stiff, and sore all over. The road vibration from either pavement or dirt roads is transmitted through the hoof and up through the horse’s body. This kind of continuous vibration can directly affect the soundness of muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints… the entire horse! When a horse feels confined and confused by traveling at high speeds their muscles and other body tissue become constricted thus not allowing blood and chi, life-promoting energy to flow harmoniously through the body. Some horses become so stressed that they refuse to drink water and become dehydrated only adding further complications. The consequences vary with each horse’s ability to cope with the difficulty of traveling. Horse guardians need to consider ways by which they can minimize the effects of long trips such as breaking up the time spent on the road, staying off of bumpy or high-vibration roads, giving the horse a larger area within which to move, always having a buddy with which to travel. Another way to help reduce the physical and psychological stress on the horse is to offer an Acupressure Session before, during, and after traveling.

Acupressure Session Acupressure is based on Traditional Chinese Medicine, which has been used to maintain the health and wellbeing of horses for thousands of years. There are energetic pathways or meridians that run throughout human and animal bodies alike. Along these pathways there are specific pools of energy that we can stimulate by simply placing our thumb or forefinger on that point, also called “acupoint.” The acupoints selected for this acupressure session will help maintain your horse’s soundness and lower his stress level while traveling. These acupoints are known to enhance and balance the flow of blood and chi throughout the horse’s body. This in effect reduces soft tissue constriction by stimulating the release of natural cortisone plus lowers the horse’s level of fear by releasing endorphins to provide a sense of wellbeing. This session can be offered to the horse within three hours prior to departure, every day during an extended course of travel, and for the following few days after arrival. Happy Horse, Happy Travels! 18 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

Amy Snow and Nancy Zidonis are the authors of ACU-HORSE: A Guide to Equine Acupressure, ACU-DOG: A Guide to Canine Acupressure and ACU-CAT: A Guide to Feline Acupressure.

They founded Tallgrass Animal Acupressure Resources offering books, manuals, DVDs, apps, meridian charts. and consulting services. Visit: www.animalacupressure.com, Email: tallgrass@animalacupressure.com

AUTUMN 2026

Every Horse Owner Should

Have This Book

750 photos 300 pages Great gift idea!

Oz Glide is an Australian tow hitch dampening system which offers a smooth ride in both the tow vehicle and the horse float. Smoother ride Absorbs shock Increase safety Improves wet weather towing and steering Meets Australian Design Rules for 3.5 & 4.5 Tonne NATA accredited Easy Installation

An authoratative, comprehensive, practical and userfriendly reference that deals with all aspects of health, care and management of horses.

Visit the website to sample chapters. David de Fredrick | Outback Scientific Press Phone 02 6792 6040 | 0427 925 077 Email: defred@outbacksci.com.au

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Oz Glide reduces the dynamic impact on the tow ball & thereby delivers increased safety & comfort for both the driver & horses while reducing chassis flex to your float & towing vehicle.

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Frog shedding, Thrush and Seasonal Hoof Health Every spring and autumn, hoof care professionals across Australia hear the same worried question from horse owners: “My horse’s frog is falling off. Is this thrush? “

Julie Wright – Dip.EPT, Cert.EMT ©The Hoof Co 2026

In many cases, the answer is no. What owners are seeing is often normal seasonal shedding of the frog and sole, a process that plays an important role in maintaining healthy, functional hooves. While it can look alarming, shedding is frequently misunderstood and mistaken for disease when it is actually part of the natural adaptation cycle of the hoof.

What is frog and sole shedding and why does it happen? The frog and sole are living structures, not fixed or permanent parts of the hoof. They grow, compress, adapt and renew in response to movement, load and environment. As new hoof material forms underneath, older surface layers gradually lose their attachment and begin to lift away. This may appear as peeling edges, flaking tissue or sections of frog coming away from the newly formed structures below. The newly exposed tissue is often firmer, cleaner and better suited to current conditions. From a hoof care perspective, this process is a form of renewal. The frog plays a role in weight bearing, circulation and sensory feedback. Because of this, it responds quickly to changes in footing, moisture and workload. Shedding allows the hoof to adjust its contact surface rather than holding on to tissue that is no longer functional.

Why shedding happens seasonally “Shedding is the hoof adapting, not deteriorating.” Frog and sole shedding most commonly occurs during periods of environmental change, particularly dry to wet conditions in autumn and wet to dry conditions in spring. Loose frog tissue lifting during normal seasonal shedding. While it can look concerning, this is often part of the natural renewal cycle of the hoof.

Moisture has a direct effect on hoof tissue. Extended wet conditions soften the outer layers of the frog and sole, while drier periods encourage compression and thickening. When conditions change, tissue that previously provided protection may no longer be appropriate and is naturally shed. In many regions of Australia, prolonged wet seasons can result in retained shedding, where loose frog tissue remains attached for longer than ideal. While this is still part of a normal process, retained material can trap moisture, manure and debris against newly forming tissue underneath.

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Retained shedding can trap moisture and debris, creating conditions where hoof problems such as thrush are more likely to develop if not managed appropriately. Photo credit: Tanya French – Holistic Horse Education VIC

AUTUMN 2026

Frog shedding versus thrush Thrush is a hoof problem associated with prolonged moisture, poor hygiene and the presence of unwanted bacteria and fungi. It typically affects the frog, collateral grooves and central sulcus, with tissue that may appear soft, degraded and black or grey when picked. In more advanced cases, thrush can lead to tissue sensitivity and, at times, lameness, which is why regular hoof inspection and cleaning is considered good practice, particularly during wetter conditions. Although thrush is often described as having a strong odour, smell is usually a sign of a wellestablished issue. In many cases, tissue breakdown is visible well before odour becomes noticeable. Normal shedding tissue is usually firmer, lifts away cleanly and is not painful. Healthy fresh tissue is visible underneath and the horse remains comfortable.

Supporting frog health during seasonal change One of the most common mistakes during frog shedding is over intervention. Excessive trimming, digging or repeated use of harsh chemical products can damage newly exposed tissue and interfere with the natural renewal process of the hoof. Many hoof care professionals prefer a supportive approach during seasonal transitions. This includes regular cleaning to remove loose debris, allowing hooves to dry between wet exposures and advising clients on maintaining a clean stable or paddock environment for the benefit of the horse. When additional hygiene support is needed, natural, cosmetic-grade hoof care products are often favoured. Gentler formulations help maintain cleanliness and balance without overwhelming or compromising sensitive frog tissue.

Cosmetic-grade hoof care products used alongside routine cleaning to support frog hygiene during seasonal change. Photo Credit: Danielle Doff – Impressa Equine NSW

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A normal process, not a crisis Seasonal frog and sole shedding is a part of normal hoof function and regeneration particularly in climates where moisture and footing change throughout the year. While

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it can look dramatic, it is often a sign of adaptation rather than failure. By recognising the difference between normal shedding and genuine hoof problems such as thrush, horse owners can help their horses move comfortably through seasonal change with healthier hooves over time.

BELOW LEFT: Frog and sole ready to naturally shed BELOW CENTRE: During trim to remove shedding frog & sole BELOW RIGHT: After loose tissue was removed and the hoof trimmed Photo credit: Janette Wilson NT

About the Author – Julie Wright

Dip.Ept, Cert.Emt Certified Equine Hoof Care Professional & Myofunctional Therapist Julie Wright has been bending over for a living for more than 20 years and she wouldn’t have it any other way. She began her career as an Equine Therapist, but after repeatedly seeing hoof dysfunction as the root cause of upper body pain and movement issues, she shifted her focus entirely to hoof care. The pattern was too obvious to ignore. Julie is passionate about helping owners recognise early hoof warning signs before they escalate into complex, expensive rehabilitation cases. Through practical articles and online education, she gives horse owners the confidence to understand what they’re looking at and what to do next. In 2020, she launched THE HOOF CO™, an Australian made award winning hoof care range built on real world experience. Based on natural, cosmetic grade ingredients, THE HOOF CO? is now stocked in stores Australia wide and trusted by thousands of horse owners and hoof care professionals for daily care.

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AUTUMN 2026

Dr Kevin Squire BVSc, Msc, MVSc, PhD

Consult with a Horse Vet Online via;: text, email, or phone call To connect to a veterinarian go to our website

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7-8 7-8 13-15

North Coast Ranch & Quarter Horse Assoc, RHAA approved Ranch Versatility Show, Copmanhurst Sports & Recreational Grounds NSW Australian Stockmans Challenge Association Dayboro Working Horse & Dog Committee – Round Two Challenge Series Dayboro Showgrounds GWYDER RIVER RUN STOCKMANS CHALLENGE, Bingara, NSW

BARREL RACING

Australian Barrel Horse Association – Ph: Suzie Dicks 0413 682 484 – www.abha.com.au NSW: 7-8 Central West Barrel Horse Club Divisional Barrel Race, Geurie Race Course Comobella Road Geuire, 14 Tarcutta Horse Sports Inc. Divisional Barrel Race **Futurity** 15 Liverpool Plains Barrel Racing Divisional Barrel Race Quirindi Rodeo Arena 21 Ballistic Barrel Racing Divisional Barrel Race Tarcutta 21-22 New England Drum Runners Divisional Race- Bundarra Showgrounds 28 Cooranbong NSW Hunter Barrel Horse Association - Divisional Barrel Race 29 Moonbi Magic Barrel Racing Club Divisional Barrel Race Moonbi QLD: 8 South West Barrel Horse Club Divisional Barrel Race Wallumbilla, 14-15 Capricorn Coast Circuit Divisional Barrel Race Bar Hat Arena, Gracemere 14-15 NBS Barrel Productions Divisional Barrel Race Widgee Sports Grounds 21 South West Barrel Horse Club Roma QLD (Ayers Arena) VIC: 9 Waubra, Addicted To Speed – Divisional Barrel Race ** Futurity & Maturity** 28-29 Rich River Barrel Racing Club - Divisional Barrel Race Lockington, Scurrah Reserve Grounds

CAMPDRAFTING

ABCRA – Ph: 02 6766 5863 - www.abcra.com.au NSW: 1 (DA) BBA Luddenham CD, 6-8 Barraba Show CD, 6-8 Southern Forests CD, (DA) Big River CD & Clinic, 5-6,(DA) Tumut Show Draft, (DA) 13-15 Tubbul Campdraft, 13-15 Coonabarabran Show Campcraft & Challenge. 19-22 Coonamble Challenge & Draft, 20-22 (DA) 2026 Bob Trickett Memorial Campdraft, 20-22 (DA) Molong Campdraft, 20 Muswellbrook Show CD, 21 Bingara Show, 21 (DA) CD, Uki Campdraft, 21 (DA) Woolbrook Stampeed. 27 (DA) Maules Creek CD, 27 (DA) Trangie Dist. CD, 27 (DA) St Catherine’s Catholic College CD, 28-29 (DA) Elders Williams CD, 28-29 (DA) BBA Yass Classic.

CARRIAGE DRIVING

www.australiancarriagedrivingsocietyvic.org.au - www.carriagedrivingnsw.org.au - www.acdsqueenslandbranch.com 14 Oztrek Day – Hills District –Rossmore Reserve, Huntly, NSW – Ph Janet Muspratt - 96066085 14-15 Graded Driven Dressage Qualifier, Central Highlands, Huntly, Vic 21-22 VIC CDE Championships 2026, Oaklands Club, Greenvale, VIC 21 Camden Show - Camden Harness Club 2026 Sponsors - Bicentennial Equestrian Park,Camden NSW 21-22 Training Wheels “Noddy” – Southern Highlands 2026 Bu SHCC ndanoon Yvonne Wood 0497 603 424 28-29 Dressage Weekend/ One Hour CDE, TBC, GDCD, Eastern Vic, Leighdale

CUTTING

National Cutting Horse Association – Ph: 02 6765 9356 – www.ncha.com.au 6-7 Killarney Cutting Club Pre works 9-14 2025 NCHA NATIONAL FINALS, White Park Scone, NSW. 21-22 Retreat Creek Working Horse Club Inc, Saphire Qld. 27-29 SQCHA Chinchilla, Qld – Ph: Ray Cooper 0402 380 407 27-29 HVCHC – March Show, White Park, Scone, NSW – P: 0403 950 888

DRESSAGE & EQUESTRIAN – VAULTING

www.nsw.equestrian.org.au – www.qld.equestrian.org.au – www.vic.equestrian.org.au 1 REA Wagga Wagga, OC,Pr-GP/YH, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Ella Weaven Ph: 0415 708 753 – www.qld.equestrian.org.au 6-7 Ballodair Summer Series OC Test of Chaice Ballodairwwwww.nsw.equestrian.org.auw.sydneydressage.org 7- 8 Central Coast Dressage Ch OC/CR Pr-GP/YH Stonewall Karma Wilson 0478 070 176 www.ccdressage.org 7-8 Allora Show Equestrian Group Members Dressage & Members Showjumping Weekend – https://allora.show/ - 0417 473 215 13-14 DQRSC Competitive and Participant, Classes: Preliwww.qld.equestrian.org.au. m to GP, PRARG Grounds, North Maclean, QLD. 14 Goulburn Dressage Club OC/CU Pr-PSG/ YH Goulburn Robert Hayward 0403 129 277 14-15 Manning Valley Cl, OC/CU/CR Pr GP /YH, Taree NSW – Ph: Helen Zimic 6553 9506 19-21 PSI Dressage & Jumping with the Stares ,WPNEC, Werribee VIC – www.vic.equestrian.org.au - https://djwts.org.au/ 21-22 Manning Valley DC OC/CU/CR Pr-GP/ YH Taree. NSW – Ph: Helen Zimic 6553 9506 27-28 Northern Districts Hack & Dressage Inc, Burpengary Eq Centre, Competitive & Participant, Prep to GP - www.qld.equestrian.org.au. 28-29 DQ CDI Fundraiser, Olson Road , North Maclean, CDI – Competitive, Prep to GP - www.qld.equestrian.org.au. 28-29 Orana Equestrian 28-29 OC/ CU/ CR Pr-GP Dubbo Rachel Carlton 0423 516 977 oranaequestrian@gmail.com

ENDURANCE

7-8 28-29

EVENTING & SHOWJUMPING

www.qld.equestrian.org.au – www.vic.equestrian.org.au – www.nsw.equestrian.org.au – www.eventingnsw.equestrian.org.au 22 Feb - 1st 2026 Equis NSW Indoor State Show Jumping Titles AELEC, Tamworth, NSW 7 Western Districts Showjumping Championships, Tier 3, Mortlake, VIC 7-8 Sydney CCN- 4*, 3,*,2*,1*,EvA-95,80 & 65, SIEC, Horsley Park, NSW 13-15 NVSJC World Cup Show, Level 3 14 Boneo Monthly, Boneo Park Level 3, Tier 3 19-21 Jumping with the Stars, Tier 1, WPNEC, Werribee, VIC 21-22 Wandin Park , Eventing, CCI, VIC 21-22 Canberra FEI, CCI4*-S, CCI3*-S, CCI2*-S, CCNI*-S, EvA 95, EvA80 & EvA65 27-28 Northern Districts & Hack & Dressage Inc, Competitive & Participant, Prep to GP, Burpengary Equestrian Centre 28-29 TIE FEI, CC4*-S, CC3*-S, CCI2*-S, EvA95,EvA80, EvA65 & 50 , AELEC, Tamworth, NSW

NATURAL HORSEMANSHIP PONY CLUBS

Mel Fleming Horsemanship – Ph: Mel 0428 385 745 – www.melfleming.com.au 7-9 Wilton, via Sydney, NSW, Open Format, Multi-Level Courses 10-11 Glenorie, Gracelands Equestrian Indoor. Open Format, Multi-Level Courses/Private Lessons 14-16 “Alchemy Place” Moonbi, NSW, Grounded Beginnings – Soul Deep Connection, Fundamental Feel & Optimal Biomechanics (groundskills only) 21-22 Mansfield , Presenting at the Equine Revive Retreat www.equinerevive.com.au/equine-retreat 23-25 Mansfield, VIC, Grounded Beginnings – Soul Deep Connection, Fundamental Feel & Optimal Biomechanics ( ground skills only)

QERA NSWERA Kholo 20;40;80 Matthew Gadsby Ph: 0434 300 070 South East NSWERA Watagans at Werakata Sun 20, 40/60 elev 80km Alison Hegarty Ph: 0478146040 Mid North Coast

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COMING EVENTS MARCH 2026 POLO

www.australianpolo.com.au – www.queenslandpolo.com.au – www.nswpolo.com.au – www.vicpolo.com.au Ph: 0459 272 277 Ph: 0407 677 423 Ph: 0409 764 607 e: secretary@vicpolo.com.au NSW: 5-8 Sydney Pre Ellerston Tournament, 11-15 Ellerston 14-15 – Killarney, 21-22 Windsor, 28-29 Ellerston, VIC: 7-8 Yaloak Tournament, 14-15 Fultons Lane,

POLOCROSSE

www.nswpolocrosse.com.au – Ph: 0407 207 649 14-15 Guyra (MHi, 14-15 Canberra (MH), 14-15 Canberra, 21-22 Upper Hunter Show, 28-29 Burradoo, 28-29 Inverell & & Swan Cup, 28-29 Milton.

PONY CLUBS

www.ponyclubqld.com.au | Ph: 07 3216 1255 – www.ponyclubvic.org.au | Ph: 03 8685 8925 – www.pcansw.org.au | Ph: 02 4229 8977 13-15 State Tetrathlon & Formal Gymkhana Championships, Equestrian Grounds, Nana Glen NSW

REINING

www.reiningaustralia.com.au - 07 5429 8797 – 0412 479 340 6 Southern Queensland Sliders 2026 Autumn Classic Championships, QSEC Caboolture – www.qsec.com.au 7-8 Ribbon Show – Gatton QLD 23-28 OUEENSLAND STATE SHOW, QSEC Caboolture

SPECIAL BREEDS

6 7-8 7-12 11-12 14 14-15 15 18-21 23

TRAIL RIDING

ATHRA – www.athra.com.au 21-22 Richmond River Trail Horse Riding Club Inc , Northern NSW – Ph: Aiden Chalker – 0431 486 354

WORKING EQUITATION

https://anwensw.org.au/ 14-15 Clarence Valley Working Equitation,NSW, Come & Try day / Bring a friend 21 Paterson Valley WE (HOTY) , Sh/gr, Gresford, NSW 21-22 South Burnett Working Equitation Club Inc – HOTY Competition Nanango, QLD 28-29 Camden Equitation, 4 Phase Comp, Sugarloaf, Cobbity, NSW. 29 CTWEQ, Comp Sh/gr Blaney, NSW.

Australian Welsh & Part Welsh Ridden Show Tatura Park Equestrian Centre, Tatura, Victoria – Ph: Kathryn – 0409 979 882 2026 The 20th Welsh National Show, Tatura Park Equestrian Centre, Tatura, Victoria. – Ph: Fiona Forge – 0408 482 870 2026 Australian Stock Horse Society National Show, AELEC, Tamworth, NSW - https://ashs.com.au/contact-us/ Victorian Arabian Horse Assoc, WPNEC, Werribee, VIC - admin@wpnec.com.au - (03) 9741 7672 ASEA Small Equine 2026 Victorian Sate Titles, Tatura Park Equestrian Centre, Tatura, Victoria – www.smallvictorianequine.com.au Darling Downs Heavy Horse Festival , Sh/gr Allora, QLD – Ph: 0438 160 588 AMHS Qld Autumn Gold Feature Show Caboolture, QLD - www.qsec.com.au Australian Arabian National Championships 2026, SIEC, Bermagui, Australia - https://www.ahsa.asn.au/event-directory/ North East & Border RPG Little Red Dragon Show, Tatura Events Complex, VIC - Ph: 03 5941 3288

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COMING EVENTS APRIL 2026 SPECIAL EVENTS

www.australianstockmanschallenge.com.au 3-5 West Moreton ASH Branch, Toogoolawah, Qld., 12-13 3rd Show Dayboro Series, Dayboro, Qld., 23-26 Hunter SC, Scone, NSW

BARREL RACING

Australian Barrel Horse Association – Ph: Suzie Dicks 0413 682 484 – www.abha.com.au NSW: 3-4 New England Drum Runners, Bundarra Showgrounds, 11- 12 Cooma Can Crushers, Cooma, 18 Ballistic Barrel Racing,Tarcutta, 18 Hunter Barrel Assoc, Cooranbong, 25-26 North West Barrel Horse Club, Walgett VIC: 11-12 Lockington, Rich River Barrel Racing Club , “Scurrah” Reserve Grounds. QLD: 11-12 (TBC) Capricorn Coast Circuit: www.abhacapcoastcircuit.org/ ,

CAMPDRAFTING

ABCRA – Ph: 02 6766 5863 NSW- www.abcra.com.au 3-5 (DA) Walcha Campdrafters Club C/D,3-5 Eromanga C/D, 3-5 Kinloch Wallendbeen Charity C/D, 3-5 Munglinup Bushmans Easter C/D, 10-12 (DA) Cudal C/D, 11 Kangaroo Creek-Couts Crossing Charity Sports Junior C/D, 16-19 (DA) Geurie Golden Bit C/D, 17-19 Come By Chance C/D, 18-19 (DA) Nundle C/D, 18-19 (DA) Westbrook C/D, 24-26 (DA)Tabulam C/D,24-26 TDCC Charity Campdraft, 24-26 County of Cumberland Breast Cancer C/D, 24-26 (DA) Harvest Road Gingin C/D.

CARRIAGE DRIVING

www.australiancarriagedrivingsocietyvic.org.au - www.carriagedrivingnsw.org.au - www.acdsqueenslandbranch.com 2-3 Indoor/Outdoor Qualifier, Mornington, Emu Plains ,(TBC) 2-6 Gathering for Pleasure, NSW Branch & Committee Boorowa, NSW 3-6 2026 NSW CDE Championships & Level 3 CDE – Easter w/end Boorowa S/ground , NSW 9-10 Indoor/Outdoor, Northern Country, Euro Show, Yarroweyah Rec Reserve, VIC 11-12 Enduro & Pleasure Drive ,Temora CC, Temora, NSW. 18 VIC Dressage VIC, MPPHC, Euro Show Grounds - VIC 19 VIC - Show Driving Championships, MPPHC, Euro Show Grounds - VIC 25-27 National CDE Championships, WA Branch, Dwellingup WA

DRESSAGE & EQUESTRIAN – VAULTING

www.nsw.equestrian.org.au – www.qld.equestrian.org.au– www.vic.equestrian.org.au 8-12 Horseland 2026 Interschool State Championships, Boneo Park, Boneo, VIC- - https://boneopark.com.au/events-calendar 10-12 Young Dressage Championships Dressage in the Bush, Bendick Murrell RR NSW.www.youngdressage.com/championships 11-12 Alexander Park DC OC/CR Prep-GP Salt Ash Wendy Cotton 0419 873 321 11-12 Caboolture Dressage Group, QSEC, Competitive,Para & Interschool, Prelim to GP & Para 11-12 Rockhampton Equestrian Group, Parkhurst & Dist Pony Club, Competitive & Club, Prep to GP 18 Shirley Heights Dressage Championships In the Little Yarra Valley, Prelim to Advanced, Shirly Heights EQ/Centre Gladysdale, VIC 18-19 Bowral Dressage Club CH OC/CU - Pr-GP/YR/Para/OTT Bowral Karen Lever 0405 384 201 www.bowraldressage.com.au 18-19 Tamworth Dressage Club OC/CU/CR P-GP AELEC Marjolyn Thomas 0428 671 338 www.tamworthdressageclub.com 25-26 Grafton RC OC/CU/CR Pr-Adv Grafton Wendy Bruszewski 0457 526 790 www.graftonridingclub.org 26 REA Wagga Wagga T shirt day Wagga Wagga Ella Weaven 0415 708 753 29-2 May Sydney CDI (SIEC): , Horsley Park, NSW www.nsw.equestrian.org.au

ENDURANCE

18-19 25-26

EVENTING & SHOWJUMPING

www.qld.equestrian.org.au – www.vic.equestrian.org.au – www.nsw.equestrian.org.au – www.eventingnsw.equestrian.org.au 4-5 Berry Riding Club, Unofficial ODE, EvA 95,80, 65 & 50 11-12 Heytesbury Eventing EvA 65 – 2.5* VIC 11-12 Geelong SJC – WPNEC, Werribee, VIC 18 AI3DE Victoria Eventing 24-27 Victorian Jumping State Titles 2026, WPNEC, Werribee, VIC 25-26 Albury CCN, CCN-2*,1* EvA 95, 80 & 65 25-26 XC Open Days, www.figtreepocketequestrianclub.com

NATURAL HORSEMANSHIP

Mel Fleming Horsemanship – Ph: Mel 0428 385 745 – www.melfleming.com.au 3-7 “Alchemy Place” Moonbi Easter Retreat – Multi-Level, open format course ( 5 DAYS ) 18-1 May “ Banyandah”, Howlong, NSW/VIC border

POLO POLOCROSSE

Warwick Trail & Endurance Riders Assoc , Denison Street, Inglewood, QLD. Saturday - 20km, 40km, 80km, & 100km rides. NSWERA Woodstock Autumn Sat 20,40km Sun 40,80,100-120 elev Kylie Jonkers Ph: 0418555499 Riverina

www.australianpolo.com.au – www.queenslandpolo.com.au – www.nswpolo.com.au – www.vicpolo.com.au Ph: 0459 272 277 Ph: 0407 677 423 Ph: 0409 764 607 e: secretary@vicpolo.com.au NSW: 1 -2 NSWPA Women’s Championships, 4 – 5 Arunga Annual 14 Goal knock out & 8 Goal, 5 Women’s International - Australia v France 11-19 Windsor, 11-19 NSWPA Morton Cup14 Goal Hector King 8 Goal, 18-19 Forbes Learn to Play Clinic,Forbes Polo Club 25 – 3 May Scone Skene League, Scone Polo Club, 25 – 26 Forbes Polo club, 25-26 Kurri Burri Annual, Kurri Burri Polo Club. 4-5 Euro coast, 4-5 Sydney RAS, 11-12 Albury ss Yass 1-12 Albury JNR Classic, 18-19 Warren (MH), 18-19 Hall, 25-26 Yass, 25-26 Quirindi

PONY CLUBS

www.ponyclubqld.com.au | Ph: 07 3216 1255 – www.ponyclubvic.org.au | Ph: 03 8685 8925 – www.pcansw.org.au | Ph: 02 4229 8977 12-13 Sydney Royal 2026, Pony Club NSW, Homebush NSW 17-19 Pony Club NSW, 2026 State Sporting, Campdraft & Challenge, Championships, Gresford NSW

REINING

www.reiningaustralia.com.au - 07 5429 8797 – 0412 479 340 4-5 Autumn Rein Show Gatton QLD 13-18 VRHA Championship Derby - Tatura Park Events & Equestrian Complex Tatura VIC 25-26 Ribbon Show Anzac Day Dalby QLD

SPECIAL BREEDS

2-12 11-12 14-19 16 16-19 18

TRAIL RIDING

ATHRA – www.athra.com.au Richmond River Trail Horse Riding Club Inc Northern NSW April Ride , TBC ( Due to Easter)– Ph: Aiden Chalker 0431 486 354

28 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

Q26 AQHA National Show, AELEC, Tamworth, NSW - https://www.aqha.com.au Victorian Arabian Horse Assoc, WPNEC, Werribee, Vic, www.wpnec.com.au ARCHA 2026 Snaffle Bit Futurity & Derby - White Park, Scone NSW www.cowhorseaustralia.com ASECA Small Equine National Titles NATIONAL 2026, AELEC Tamworth, NSW – www.smallequine.com.au IMHR NATIONALS 2026, AELEC, Tamworth, NSW Australian Pony Stud Book Society, Open Pony Dressage Championships, WPNEC, Werribee, Vic

AUTUMN 2026

Wisdom of Horses Spirit of the Stars

Drum Making & Blue Lotus Ceremony 25–27 April 2026 | Glenreagh, Stone Henge, NSW

A Sacred Immersion of Earth and Cosmos

Beneath expansive Australian skies, surrounded by the intuitive wisdom of horses and the rhythm of the land, we gather for a three-day ceremonial journey of remembrance. Spirit of the Stars, Wisdom of Horses is a powerful convergence of drum birthing, equine connection, star alignment and plant ceremony - unfolding within the bold, creative and transformative current of the Fire Horse Year. This gathering is for those who feel called to reconnect to ancient rhythm, cosmic lineage and the living intelligence of the natural world.

Investment $888

Includes: • All drum making materials • Ceremony facilitation • Blue Lotus Ceremony • Nourishing meals • Camping accommodation

Who This Is For

• Healers, facilitators and space holders • Those feeling the call of drum and star • Horse lovers seeking deeper spiritual connection • Women and men ready to remember

Bookings & Enquiries

Holistic Equitation | www.holisticequitation.com.au | enquiry@holisticequitation.com.au Contact Jo on M: 0478 711 180

COMING EVENTS MAY 2026 SPECIAL EVENTS

www.australianstockmanschallenge.com.au 1-3 Stroud Stockman’s Challenge, Stroud NSW, 5-9 Greenvale Campdraft & Stockman’s Challenge, NSW, 20-24 Charters Towers, QLD, HORSE OF THE NORTH, QLD

BARREL RACING

Australian Barrel Horse Association – Ph: Suzie Dicks 0413 682 484 – www.abha.com.au NSW: 2 Tarcutta NSW, Ballistic Barrel Racing Club, Tarcutta, NSW, 2 – 3 Mid North Coast Barrel Racing Cl, Wingham NSW, 9 Geurie NSW, Central West Barrel Horse Club. QLD: 9-10 Gracemere, Qld COLX, Capricorn Coast Circuit. VIC: 9 Lockington, Scurrah Reserve Grounds VIC.

CAMPDRAFTING

ABCRA – Ph: 02 6766 5863 - www.abcra.com.au NSW: 2 Northern Golden Buckle ,1-2 (DA) 2026 Cowra, C/D,1-2 (DA) Liverpool Plains C/D, 1 -2 (DA) 2026 Willawarrin C/D, 1-2 (DA) Carinda C/D , 2 3 (DA) Kyogle, 8-10 (DA) 2026 Marrar C/D, 8-10 (DA) Gulgong & Dist C/D 2026, 8-10 (DA) Koolbah Performance Horses Dash for Cash, 8-10 ( DA) Warialda P& A Show C/D, 9-10 (DA) Ulmarra Show & Campdraft Society, 13-16 Willinga Park Gold Buckle Campdraft Championships 2026, 15-17 – (DA) Baryulgil Fine Flower Campdraft, 22 (DA) Curlewis C/D, 22 (DA( Geurie C/D, - 22 (DA) Gloucester C/D

CARRIAGE DRIVING

www.australiancarriagedrivingsocietyvic.org.au - www.carriagedrivingnsw.org.au - www.acdsqueenslandbranch.com NSW: 2-4 Ruffy Bushfire Recovery Pleasure Drives ,Murrumbidgee NSW & Murrami NSW 2-4 Enduro & Pleasure Drives, Longwood & Ruffy – Ph: Peter Lee VIC: 3-4 Indoor /Outdoor Qualifier Mornington – Emu Plains

CUTTING

National Cutting Horse Association – Ph: 02 6765 9356 – www.ncha.com.au 24-7 June 2026 FUTURITY, AELEC, Tamworth, NSW

DRESSAGE & EQUESTRIAN – VAULTING

www.nsw.equestrian.org.au – www.qld.equestrian.org.au– www.vic.equestrian.org.au 2-4 2026 SEQ IQ Regional Championship QSEC Caboolture, QLD 3 Maranoa Equestrian Club Inc Classes: Prelim - Advanced Competitive & Closed Unrestricted -: Prelim - Advanced – Roma, Qld 3 Berwick & District Dressage Club - Skye Park Classic, WPNEC, Werribee, Vic 8 Leeton Dressage Club, OC/CU, Pr-PSG, Sarah Venamore – 0417 419 22 8 Carlton Performance Horses, Dressage, Boneo Park Equestrian Centre, Boneo- VIC - www.boneopark.com.au 9-10 REA Wagga Wagga – OC, Pr-GP, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Ella Weaven – 0415 708 753 - NSW 10 Armidale Dressage Club, CU, P-FEI, Armidale, NSW Skye Berry – 0415 871 426 - NSW 10 Galston Equestrian CLUB, OC/CU/CR, Pr-M, Galston, NSW - Lauren James 0437 828 189 – www.galstonequestrianclub.org.au 10 Mudgee DG, Training, Pr-Adv - NadyaCarlton Performance Horses Marshall - 0437 523 754 - www.mudgeedressage.com.au 9-10 Wisemans Dressage Assoc, CU/CR, Stonewall - Lynn Muirhead - 0423 651 140www.wisemansdressage.com.au - NS

ENDURANCE

www.aera.asn.au 2-4 Stirling’s Classic, Imbil QLD Saturday – 20km & 40km, Sunday – 40 & 120km 16-17 NSWERA Carlton Performance Horses State Championships 80,120/160 elevator Amanda - Ph: 0401087493 South Coast 30-31 QERA NSWERA Tenterfield 20;2x40;80;100 Karen Lee Ph: 02 6677 1524 Northern Rivers 30-31 VERA NSWERA Chiltern Sun 20km, 60km elevated, 100km elevated Naomi McGaffin Ph: 0438 401 766 Victoria

EVENTING & SHOWJUMPING

www.qld.equestrian.org.au – www.vic.equestrian.org.au – www.nsw.equestrian.org.au – www.eventingnsw.equestrian.org.au 2-3 Boneo Monthly Jumping Tier level 3, Boneo Park Equestrian Centre, Boneo, www.boneopark.com.au 2-3 Ballarat CCI, EvA80 - CCI4*-S. Ballarat, Vic 2-3 Equestriad CCN, CCN-4* 3* 2*1*, EvA 95, 80 & 65, CCI-s ,CCI4* 9 Hexham - EvA65 - CCN1.5*, Hexham, VIC 9-10 Go West Equestrian Event - Show Jumping Competition – WPNEC, Werribee, VIC 16-17 FTPEC, CCI ODE (EVQ65 – 3.5) www.ftpecequestrianclub.com 16-17 Quirindi CCI4* S,CCI3 * S, CCI2* S, CCNS-1*, EvA95,80, 65 & 50, NSW 23-24 Friend of Woady - EvA65 - CCN3.5*- Vic 24 Harden- Cen CCN – CCN-1* EvA – 95,80,65 & 50, Harden, VIC.

Fleming Horsemanship – Ph: Mel 0428 385 745 – www.melfleming.com.au NATURAL HORSEMANSHIP Mel 20-24 Diamond Beach NSW – Beach Course, https://www.aquinnahpark.com.au/

POLO

www.australianpolo.com.au | Ph: 0459 272 277 – www.queenslandpolo.com.au |Ph: 0407 677 423 – www.nswpolo.com.au |Ph: 0409 764 607 NSW: 2-3 Windsor Annual 10,6,2 & Subs, 2-5 Millamolong, 9-10 Goulburn ( Mother’s day ), 9-10 Hawkesbury League 1, Muddy Flatts 6, 2 & Subz , Muddy Flatts Polo Club, 9-10 Scone Muswellbrook Cup, Scone Polo Cuddy Flatts Polo Club, 9-10 Scone Muswellbrook Cup, Scone Polo Club,16-17 Hawkesbury League B I Killarney 6,2 & Subs, Killarney Polo, 16-17 Scone Peisley Trophy, Scone Polo Club, 23-2 4 Hawkesbury League C 6,20 & Subz, 30-31 Hawkesbury League C 6,20 & Subz.

POLOCROSSE

www.nswpolocrosse.com.au – Ph: 0407 207 - Queensland Polocrosse Association’s NSW: 2-3 Tumbarumba, 2-3 Barrastoc, 9-10 Muswellbrook, 9-10 Bungendore, 9-10 Wagga, 16-17Lake George Zone Championships 23-24 Galloping Gully ( MH ),23-24 Braidwood, 30-31 Wollondilly, 30-31 Holbrook, 30-31 Coon

PONY CLUBS

www.ponyclubqld.com.au | Ph: 07 3216 1255 – www.ponyclubvic.org.au | Ph: 03 8685 8925 – www.pcansw.org.au | Ph: 02 4229 8977 8-10 Pony Club - State ODE & Combined Training Championships, Albury NSW 16-17 PCV State Horse Trials & Interzone Championships, Colac Pony Club Grounds, Vic 24 PCV, Kerang Pony Club Horse Horse Trials, CT & Super X Kerang vic

REINING

www.reiningaustralia.com.au - 07 5429 8797 – 0412 479 340 16-17 SQRHA Ribbon Show Equestrian Grounds Gatton QLD 16-17 Southern Qld Sliders, Jackpot Show, Burpengary , Oceania Championship Qualifier - https://www.southernqldsliders.com/

SPECIAL BREEDS

8-10 17

TRAIL RIDING

30 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

54 QLD Arabian Challenge Show, QSEC Caboolture, QLD - Arabian Horse Society of Australia - https://www.ahsa.asn.au 2026 BIBS & BOOTIES FOAL & YOUNGSTOCK SHOW indoors at Bamborough Pony Stud, Cowra NSW Ph: Melissa Blaikie on 0414 908 573 (ah)

ATHRA – www.athra.com.au 16-17 Richmond River Trail Horse Riding Club Inc Northern NSW April Ride – Ph: Aiden Chalker 0431 486 354

AUTUMN 2026

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AG SHOWS – MARCH | APRIL | MAY 2026 www.agshowsnsw.org.au – qldagshows.com.au – www.vicagshows.com.au

MARCH

APRIL

NSW – (02) 9879 6777 1 Koorawatha, 6-7 Boorowa, 6-8 Barraba, 6-7 Armidale & New England, 6-7 Mudgee, 6-7 Robertson, 6-7 Tumut, 6-8 Milton, 7 Braidwood, 7-8 Blacktown, 7 Blayney, 7 Delegate, 7-8 Goulburn, 7-8 Deniliquin, 7 Wallamba (Nabiac), 8 Dalgety, 13-14 Lithgow, 13-15 Manilla, 13-14 Coonabarabran, 13-14 Gresford, 13-15 Wingham, 13-14 Walcha, 13-15 Moss Vale, 13-14 Wakool,13-14 Castle Hill, 14 Adelong, 14 Cumnock, 14 Cooma, 14-15 Taralga, 15 Bemboka, 15 Tarago, 20-21 Camden, 20-21 Baradine, 20-21 Gloucester, 20-22 Upper Hunter (Muswellbrook), 21-22 Bingara, 21-22 Bombala, 21-22 Tumbarumba, 21 Yass, 22 Holbrook, 28 Batlow, 28 Mendooran, 28 Wakool.

NSW – (02) 9879 6777 10-11 Moree, 10-11 Wauchope, 14-15 Kempsey, 17-18 Bonalbo, 17-18 Macksville, 17-19 Gunnedah, 18-19 Stroud, 21-22 Maclean, 24-25 Grafton, 24-26 Hawkesbury, 26 Jerra, 26 Gilgandra. QLD (07) 3277 7747 10-11 Dalby, 11 Gayndah, 11-Nanango, 11 Dirranbandi, 17-18 Wandoan, 18 Mount Perry, Goombungee- Harden, 18 The Caves, 25-26 Monto. VIC (03) – 5441 5555 17-18 East Gippsland Field Days

QLD (07) 3277 7747 6-7 Pittsworth, 6-7 Proston, 7 Tara, 13-14 Inglewood, 13-14 Murgon, 14 Beenleigh, 14 Oakey, 20-21 Goomeri, 20-22 Warwick, 21 Tamborine Mountain, 21 Jandowae, 26-28 RASQ-TOOWOOMBA. VIC (03) – 5441 5555 3-5 Wimmera Machinery Field Days Inc, 6-8 Deniliquin, 6-8 Warragul & West Gippsland, 7 Tallangatta, 7 Wakool & Dist, 7-8 Mighty Mitta Muster, 8 Bellarine, 9 Orbost, 13-14 Cohuna, 14 Pakenham, 14 Woodonga, 21 Apolla Bay/Otway Dist, 22 Bunyip Dist, 26-28 Farm World - Lardner Park, 28 Natimuk, 29 Gisborne Pony Club Inc.

MAY

NSW – (02) 9879 6777 1-3 BATHURST ROYAL, 1-3 Coffs Harbour, 1-3 Narrabri, 7-10 Warialda, 9-10 Bellingen, 9 Bourke, 9-10 Walgett, 9-10 Orange, 12 Yeoval, 15-16 Cobar, 15-16 Wellington, 16-17 St Ives, 17-18 Nyngan, 22-24 Dubbo, 26-27 Coonamble, 30 Gulargambone. QLD (07) 3277 7747 1-2 Goondiwindi, 1-2 Wallumbilla,2 Tambo, 2 Marlborough, 2-3 Kingaroy, 2 Rocklea, 3 St George, 3 Eidsvold, 4-5 Taroom, 7-9 Roma, 8-10 Barcoo, 8-9 Marburg, 8-9 Mundubbera, 9 Baralaba, 9 Crows Nest, 14-16 Charleville, 11-12 Mitchell, 11-12 Theodore, 13 Miles, 14-16 Charleville, 14-16 Gympie, 15-16 Callide Valley, 15-17 Ipswich, 16 Blackbutt, 16-17 Biggenden, 17 Comet, 19-20 Alpha, 21-22 Frazer Coast, 22 Capella, 22-23 Longreach, 22-23 Chinchilla, 22-23 Esk, 23 Isis Dist (Childers), 23-24 Brookfield, 26-27 Clermont, 27-29 Bundaberg, 29-30 Boonah, 26-30 Hughenden, 29-30 Maleny, 29-30 Spring Shaw, 30 Isisford, 30 Ridgeland’s, 30-31 Gin Gin. VIC (03) – 5441 5555 15-16 Mildura Field Days.

Flower's Gold

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www.wattlelanestables.com.au 32 EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

AUTUMN 2026

Why everyone should have this book!

About the Author: David de Fredrick is a Master of Veterinary Science and a Member of the Australian College of Veterinary Scientists in the field of epidemiology. With 40 years experience in rural veterinary practice and 50 years of horse ownership, he has dealt with almost all of the conditions and situations likely to affect the horse owner. Our Aim: To provide the most useful information resource for horse owners, carers and students in Australia. Differences: This book is different from anything available in the following ways: • Australian - it is produced entirely in Australia for Australian conditions and situations. The clinical, management and feature photos were taken all over Australia. • Comprehensive - it deals with almost every disease, disorder, disaster and situation that a horse owner is likely to encounter. • Broad scope - it includes many situations that are not dealt with in other books. • User friendly - it is written primarily for horse owners in straightforward language, but scientific and technical terms are used for accuracy where necessary. • Accurate and up-to-date - during production, the book has been reviewed by more than 20 experts in various fields to ensure completeness and accuracy. It was printed in December 2006. • Photos in sequence - many clinical conditions and management situations are illustrated with two or more photos in sequence which show the progression of a case - in most clinical conditions, from first presentation to cure. • Generous captions - all photos have captions that allow a reader to obtain the main benefit of the photos without having to read the whole section. • Huge index - The index is in large print for easy reading. It runs to 16 pages and contains all the names of conditions and subjects that a horse owner is likely to read about or hear of. Where a subject has more than one name, the valid alternate names are also in the index. A separate scientific index enables the reader to locate living things for which only the name of the genus is known. • Ongoing value - to continue to provide service to buyers, the secure website is added to and updated continually as new information becomes available. Book owners are invited to contribute to the secure website.

EQUINE NEWS.COM.AU

Enquiries: Merv Butterworth 0417 321 191

www.decron.com.au

Available from all leading Saddlery and Produce Stores including Horseland, Saddleworld and Tuckers Pet and Produce outlets.

THE

HORSE IN AUSTRALIA

Contact Information and Sales Telephone: (02) 6792 6040 Postal address: PO Box 2, Narrabri, NSW, 2390 Electronic mail: defred@outbacksci.com.au

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A WORTHWHILE INVESTMENT FOR HORSE OWNERS The financial implications of hay wastage and inefficient feeding practices are often overlooked. By helping reduce waste and improving feeding efficiency, Trueco ELITE Hay Feeders translate into direct savings. Their strong construction and thoughtful design mean fewer replacements and repairs over time. Horses benefit from feeding in a natural, safe posture that supports their overall wellbeing, making this feeder an investment in both animal health and economic sense. FINAL THOUGHTS Trueco ELITE Equine Hay Feeders are not just another product on the market. They represent a solution born from expertise, designed with the horse’s health and owner’s convenience in mind. Their safety features, durability, innovative layout, and stress-reducing design combine to create a feeding system that stands apart as the only one of its kind in Australia. As Corey and Trudy Holden have demonstrated through years of horse care, innovation comes from understanding daily challenges and addressing them head-on. For anyone committed to elevating their equine feeding practices, Trueco ELITE Hay Feeder offers unmatched value and peace of mind.

AUTUMN 2026

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Dr Jennifer Stewart BVSc BSc PhD

Equine veterinarian, CEO Jenquine and consultant nutritionist

…is not an uncommon statement by horse owners. Nutritionists are frequently put on the defensive by this statement as often the first suspected culprit is ‘…something in the diet’! However, although common in horses worldwide, most allergic skin diseases are caused by insect bites and environmental allergens. Allergy, also called ‘hypersensitivity’, occurs when parts of the immune system (the body’s ‘defence force’) overreact to something. Clinical signs vary depending on the intensity, body systems involved and whether the reaction is localized or generalized. In the horse, the skin and respiratory tract are frequently affected by hypersensitivity reactions. The two best characterized and most common hypersensitivity disorders are Culicoides hypersensitivity (Queensland itch, sweet itch, summer eczema or insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH)) and severe equine asthma (SEA, formerly known as recurrent airway obstruction). The immune system - a complex network of organs, cells and proteins – protects the body from damage and defends the body against infection. Immunoglobulins (Ig), produced by white blood cells, are a critical part of the defence system as they identify and bind to particular antigens. An antigen is a foreign substance that enters the body. Allergies occur when the immune systems IgE pathway is activated and initiates a cascade of histamine and other inflammatory chemicals. In the skin, the clinical manifestations of this reaction include the “wheal and flare” seen in urticaria (Table 1.). Table 1.

SOME DEFINITIONS

Atopy

Genetic tendency to develop allergies (respiratory and skin)

Urticaria

Wheals

Hives

Itchy rash, blotches or red lumps (wheals) small (pinhead) to large (dinner plate) in size, may come and go, associtated with histamine

Pruritis

Itchy

Adverse food reaction

Could be food intolerance OR an allergy

Food intolerance

Involves the digestive system, not the immune system; abdominal discomfort, gas/flatulence, diarrhoea, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), rashes, hives (urticaria)

Food allergy

Involves the immune system and IgE

Papules

Itchy bumps

Nodules

Red lumps

Wheals

Red, raised itchy lumps

Oedema

Fluid accumulation

Alopecia

Loss of hair

Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is the most commonly diagnosed allergy with hypersensitivity to environmental allergens (atopic dermatitis) the next most common allergy. Contact, food and drug allergies are very poorly defined in horses and diagnosis relies on elimination and provocation tests.

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Insect Bite Hypersensitivity World-wide, bites from blood-feeding insects are the most common triggers of skin allergies. Although most frequently due to midge species belonging to genus Culicoides, IgE against black flies, stable flies, mosquitoes and sandflies have been found in horses exposed to their bites. Clinical signs of IBH can occur in young horses and the severity increases every year. The ears, face, chest, mane/neck, legs, withers, rump, tail base, inguinal area and belly are usually affected as they are the preferred feeding sites of midges. Some horses develop hives as well, and others develop hard calcified nodules which are in most cases permanent. The papules and edema are intensely itchy and the associated scratching and rubbing cause hair loss, skin thickening and secondary bacterial infection. The midges can also transmit onchocerca (neck threadworm) which is prevalent in Northern Australia during wetter summer seasons, however its distribution is spreading south. And, IBH is often associated with other hypersensitivities, and it is not unusual to have IBH horses with concurrent environmental allergies (atopy). Insect bite hypersensitivity is a complex combination of genetic and environmental factors. There is currently no accurate test for IBH and diagnosis is based on history, clinical signs, exclusion of other pruritic diseases and a positive response to insect avoidance. During the dawn and dusk feeding periods horses may be bitten by thousands of Culicoides and avoidance can be challenging! A couple of features of the horrid insects behaviour can help combat their attacks: the midges are unable to navigate flight at wind speeds over 6 mph and they are most numerous around standing water. Moving affected horses away from standing water and stabling at night using fans can help to reduce insect bites - but even a 99 per cent success in avoidance might not help some highly sensitised horses and it can take several weeks for the immune system to settle so patience is essential.

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Nursing care includes cooling the skin with bathing, icepacks, or emollient creams and shampoos, such as vegetable oil, baby oil, vaseline, glycerine, oatmeal, Aloe vera; using counter-irritants such as camphor, menthol, urea and capsaicin, and anti-pruritics such as crotamiton or aluminium acetate. The mainstay of treatment is steroids and possibly anti-histamines and anti-depressants which must be discussed with your veterinarian.

Adverse feed reactions (AFR) Food-allergy is a non-seasonal often pruritic skin disease due to hypersensitivity to proteins, carbohydrates, preservatives or antioxidants. It is an abnormal immunological reaction. With food intolerance, there is no involvement of the immune system. Well documented reports of food allergy in horses are rare.. The affected animals suffered from either generalised papular eruptions, with or without pruritus, or a generalised skin oedema, particularly severe over the face and eyelids with variable self-inflicted damage. Suspected dietary allergies can only really be investigated with properly controlled feed exclusion trials. These are remarkably inconvenient, as they involve the strict elimination of all feedstuffs other than water plus one basic nutrient type and stable/ yard confinement to prevent grazing. The horse must have a resolution

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Feed hygiene Infestation of feeds with pests and insects and can trigger allergic reactions and colic. Moulds are linked to respiratory irritation and allergy in horses but mycotoxins have not been linked. Mycotoxin binders are available but they don’t reduce the actual load of mycotoxins in feedstuffs and would need to be consumed with every mouthful of food. Respiratory allergies: The most common allergic condition is inflammatory airway disease (IAD). The cause of IAD is uncertain. Preceding viral infection, the inflammatory effects of repeated episodes of exerciseinduced pulmonary hemorrhage (“bleeding”) and hypersensitivity responses to inhaled environmental pollutants (including organic stable dusts, ammonia, and endotoxin) all may play a role. It is more common in stabled horses in the northern hemisphere. Stable dust contains over 50 types of moulds, large numbers of forage mites, endotoxins, and other inorganic factors. The primary source of organic dust is hay and straw. In mild cases, soaking the hay prior to feeding is often effective in reducing dust levels in the horse’s breathing zone. The hay must be thoroughly soaked, preferably by immersing the hay in a large tub of water for a 10-15 minutes no sooner than 20 to 30 minutes before feeding to avoid leaching of water-soluble nutrients from the hay. TOP LEFT: Weeping crusting lumps-alopecia and ulceration.

ATOPY

ABOVE LEFT: Focal alopecia

Atopic dermatitis is an inherited, recurring, urticaria that may or may not be itchy. It typically occurs on the face, ears and other smooth areas. Affected horses (and humans and dogs) are genetically predisposed to develop IgE-mediated allergy to things in the environment (Table 2). Many atopic horses are also insect allergic and prevention of insect bites is important. The diagnosis of equine atopic skin disease is primarily based on history, signs and exclusion of other pruritic and⁄or urticarial skin diseases and it is often a lifelong disease. Lesions usually resolve within 12 to 24 hours; however, an affected horse may have persistent and chronic eruption of lesions over a period of days to months. Several breeds are more prone to atopy and allergies. Dutch warmbloods, Morgans, Swedish Warmbloods, Oldenburgs, Hackney horses, Paso finos, Polish Arabians and Arabian/Saddlebred cross have a higher incidence of atopy and respiratory allergies.

ABOVE RIGHT: Insect bite hypersensitivity

of symptoms while on an elimination diet, return of clinical signs after provocative challenge and subsequent resolution after returning to the strict diet. The trial should run for at least four to six weeks or until signs allergy disappear. Serological testing for foods has been reported to be unreliable as positive results in normal horses are inconsistent and do not correlate with response to clinical challenge. Although it is commonly held that high-protein feeds may cause the development of cutaneous papules, giving rise to the terms ‘feed bumps’, ‘sweet feed bumps’, ‘protein bumps’ and ‘humour spots,’ the association is unlikely. In other species, exposure to even small amounts of the offending allergenic protein results in an IgE response.

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Table 2. THINGS THAT HORSES CAN BE ALLERGIC TO Antibiotics Grain smut dust Antioxidants Heat Barley Horse cubes Black ants Horse flies Black flies Horse tonics Bran Insects Carbohydrates Mange Cats Mites Cattle Moths Cockroaches Oats Cold Peanut hay Corn Pigeons Drugs Preservatives Exercise Pressure Feathers Proteins Flies Sheep wool Fly spray Shampoo Friction Vibration/transport Garlic supplements Wheat Grain mill dust Non-allergic skin conditions are eruptions or wheals that may or may not be itchy. They result from specific external stimuli such as pressure, cold, heat, sun, vibration (transport) or exercise. Affected horses generally present with urticaria or diffuse swelling at areas in contact with tack, boots, leg wraps or areas where blankets may rub. It can be associated with atopy. Some cases of “grain bumps” or stress-induced urticaria in racing Thoroughbreds could be considered a type of food dependent, exercise-induced urticaria. Avoiding feeding the offending food within 4–5h of strenuous exercise should prevent the urticaria from developing.

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FIGURE 4: Wheals under the saddle area

Treating and managing skin allergies in horses can be frustrating due to the practical difficulties of identification and avoidance of allergen. Intradermal testing can identify causal allergen(s), followed by avoidance measures and/or allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT). The aim of ASIT is to cause immunoglobulin (Ig) switching, so that antigen exposure results in normal IgG synthesis, rather than reactive IgE antibodies. All horses produce IgG antibodies against insect salivary proteins, but IBH cases produce IgE. Sterile ASIT solutions are best selected on the basis of intradermal test results. Protocols often comprise initial frequent injections of increasingly concentrated allergen solutions, leading to fortnightly therapy that should continue for at least two years – perhaps for life. Some test and ASIT products are pure extracts of a specific allergen. For IBH, there are over 10 different saliva proteins plus proteins in eye, abdomen and thorax of the flies that can sensitise the horse when flies are crushed into the skin when the horse rubs. Because of the number of different allegens a “blunderbuss” approach using whole-body fly extracts is often used used for diagnosis and ASIT. In time, specific proteins will be able to be synthesised using molecular biologic techniques and, potentially, a whole panel of sweet itch salivary and non-salivary antigens will then be available for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in IBH horses. For atopy, the success rate of ASIT is up to 84% in the first year of treatment and some horses can be maintained with ASIT alone, while others still require other medications, although the amounts of medications necessary to make them comfortable may be decreased. The laboratory RAST to feed ingredients such as oats, corn, alfalfa, beet pulp, and barley is unreliable for diagnosing allergies. Typically, both normal and allergic horses have “positive” blood tests for the various IgE types assayed. In reality, skin hypersensitivity reactions are very rarely due to diet and unless the horse is on the feed, it cannot have an IgE reaction to it. More commonly, these reactions are due to insects, parasites, bedding, tack, drugs, and various other agents that, upon contact with the skin, may trigger a hypersensitivity reaction.

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR Dr Jennifer Stewart CEO BVSc BSc PhD Dip BEP Equine Veterinarian and Consultant Nutritionist

Dr Jen Stewart has been an equine veterinarian for more than 40 years and an equine nutritionist for more than 10 years. Jen has been developing premium formulas for studs, trainers and feed companies in Australia and around the world and regularly consults to leading international studs and trainers in various countries. Jen has spent a fair bit of time researching and being involved in nutritional management of developmental orthopaedic diseases, colic, tying-up, laminitis, performance problems, post-surgery and other conditions. And is currently the only practicing equine veterinarian and clinical nutritionist in Australia. Jen’s promise is to continue to BRING SCIENCE TO YOUR FEED BIN

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