m Ca
Acknowledgements
ge
id
br
The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are grateful for the permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible to identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting and in the next update to the digital edition, as applicable.
T = Top, B = Below, L = Left, R = Right, C = Centre, B/G = Background p. 6 (TL): ©lithian/Shutterstock; p. 6 (TR): ©Chris Whitehead/Cultura/Getty Images; p. 6 (CL): ©dogist/Shutterstock; p. 6 (CR): ©Anneka/Shutterstock; p. 6 (BL): ©Robert Hoetink/Alamy Stock Photo; p. 6 (BR): ©Jon Feigersh/Blend Images/Gett y Images; p. 10: ©Jennika Argent/Moment Open/Gett y Images; p. 12: ©Tracy Whiteside/Shutterstock; p. 14: ©Corey Rich/Aurora/Gett y Images; p. 15: ©Kevin Foy/Alamy Stock Photo; p. 22: ©wjarek/Shutterstock; p. 23: ©mffoto/Shutterstock; p. 24: ©Andrea Willmore/Shutterstock; p. 25: ©Hero Images/Gett y Images; p. 26: ©Tuul and Bruno Morandi/The Image Bank/Gett y Images; p. 27 (L): ©Paul Mason/Shutterstock; p. 27 (R): ©Don Farrall/DigitalVision/Getty Images; p. 31 (a): ©Robyn Mackenzie/Shutterstock; p. 31 (b): ©OZaiachin/Shutterstock; p. 31 (c): ©nito/Shutterstock; p. 31 (d): ©Andrey_Kuzmin/Shutterstock; p. 31 (e): ©kedrov/Shutterstock; p. 31 (f ): ©homydesign/Shutterstock; p. 31 (g): ©Sibrikov Valery/Shutterstock; p. 31 (h): ©BJI/Blue Jean Images/Gett y Images; p. 31 (i): ©Brooke Becker/Shutterstock; p. 33: ©Tania Kolinko/Shutterstock; p. 35 (T): ©Goodluz/Shutterstock; p. 35 (B): ©michaeljung/Shutterstock; p. 36: ©Cultura RM/Craig Easton/Gett y Images; p. 40: ©Fred Stein Archive/Archive Photos/Gett y Images; p. 44: ©Golden Pixels LLC/Alamy Stock Photo; p. 49 (a): ©anaken2012/Shutterstock; p. 49 (b): ©Nikita Rogul/Shutterstock; p. 49 (c): ©Pavel Kubarkov/Shutterstock; p. 49 (d): ©KonstantinChristian/Shutterstock; p. 49 (e): ©Vladimir Mucibabic/ Shutterstock; p. 49 (f ): ©Olga Popova/Shutterstock; p. 55: ©Edyta Pawlowska/ Shutterstock; p. 57: ©Kevin Moore/Alamy Stock Photo; p. 58: ©Ian Forsyth/ Getty Images; p. 59 (T): ©Goodluz/Shutterstock; p. 59 (B): ©Ann Summa/Corbis; p. 68 (T): ©NEW LINE/DARK HORSE/THE KOBAL COLLECTION; p. 68 (C): ©De Agostini Picture Library/Getty Images; p. 68 (B): ©ZORAN BOZICEVIC/ AFP/Getty Images; p. 76 (L): ©Graham Wood/Associated Newspapers/REX Shutterstock; p. 76 (R): ©Sam Camp/iStock/Gett y Images Plus/Gett y Images; p. 77: ©Latitudestock/Gallo Images/Gett y Images; p. 78: ©Kali Nine LLC/E+/ Getty Images; p. 79 (L): ©Peter Phipp/Travelshots.com/Alamy Stock Photo; p. 79 (R): ©Realimage/Alamy Stock Photo; p. 80 (a): ©Paul Orr/Shutterstock; p. 80 (b): ©Natalia Siverina/Shutterstock; p. 80 (c): ©BranislavP/Shutterstock; p. 80 (d): ©Skoda/Shutterstock; p. 80 (e): ©Radu Razvan/Shutterstock; p. 80 (f ): ©Don Pablo/Shutterstock; p. 83: ©Dragan Grkic/iStock/Gett y Images Plus/ Getty Images; p. 86: ©Syda Productions/Shutterstock; p. 88 (T): ©pbombaert/ Shutterstock; p. 88 (C): ©urbanbuzz/Shutterstock; p. 88 (B): ©Inna Astakhova/ Shutterstock; p. 90: ©Sutichak Yachiangkham/Shutterstock; p. 94: ©oliveromg/ Shutterstock; p. 104 (TL): ©UNIVERSAL/THE KOBAL COLLECTION; p. 104 (TR): ©COLUMBIA/THE KOBAL COLLECTION/SCHWARTZ, ANDY; p. 104 (BL): ©DREAMWORKS/PARAMOUNT/THE KOBAL COLLECTION/ CONNOR, FRANK; p. 104 (BR): ©TRI-STAR/WINGNUT/SONY/THE KOBAL COLLECTION; p. 105: ©DREAMWORKS ANIMATION/20TH CENTURY FOX/THE KOBAL COLLECTION; p. 112 (L): ©Nir Levy/Shutterstock; p. 112 (R): ©Ian Paterson/Alamy Stock Photo; p. 113: Courtesy of Bancroft Arnesen Explore, www.annbancroftfoundation.org and www.yourexpedition.com; p. 117: ©UNIVERSAL/DOUGLAS/GRUSKOFF PRODUCTIONS/THE KOBAL COLLECTION.
Eurosport for the text on p. 27 adapted from ‘Quick-thinking golf star saves own life after potentially fatal spider bite’ by Bunker Mentality. Copyright © Eurosport. Reproduced with permission;
Co
The Independent for the text on p. 58 adapted from ‘Mugging victim Alan Barnes plans to move house after donations reach £200,000’, The Independent 02.02.2015. Copyright © The Independent; Northern and Shell Media Publications for the text on p. 58 adapted from ‘Dozens of police and firefighters surprise autistic boy after classmates all miss party’ by Sarah Ann Harris. Copyright © Northern and Shell Media Publications. Reproduced by kind permission;
Text on p. 63 adapted from ‘Boy drops phone on fishing trip, drains entire pond to find it’ by Valerie Loftus, TheJournal.ie, 03.08.2014; St. Martin’s Press for the text on p. 86 adapted from The Teen’s Guide to World Domination: Advice on Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Awesomeness by Josh Shipp. Copyright © 2010 St. Martin’s Press. Reproduced with permission of Macmillan;
Text on p. 112 adapted from ‘Urban Exploration Photographer Finds a Stash of Cash in an Abandoned House’ by Michael Zhang. Copyright © PetaPixel; Text on p. 113 adapted from ‘13 of history’s greatest polar explorers’ by Laura Moss, http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/animals/photos/13-of-historysgreatest-polar-explorers/ann-bancroft. Copyright © Narrative Content Group.
Cover photographs by: (TL): ©Stephen Moore/Digital Vision Vectors/ Getty Images; (BL): ©Pete Starman/Stone/Gett y Images; (C): ©imagedb.com/ Shutterstock; (TR): ©Stephen Moore/Digital Vision Vectors/Getty Images; (BR): ©Kimberley Coole/Lonely Planet Images/Gett y Images. The publishers are grateful to the following illustrators: David Semple 29, 42, 60, 73, 82, 103, 108 Julian Mosedale 5, 34, 50, 67, 100, 106 Blooberry 107 The publishers are grateful to the following contributors: Blooberry: text design and layouts; Hilary Fletcher: picture research; Leon Chambers: audio recordings; Karen Elliott: Pronunciation sections; Rebecca Raynes: Get it right! exercises
t
Cambridge Dictionaries Cambridge dictionaries are the world’s most widely used dictionaries for learners of English. The dictionaries are available in print and online at dictionary.cambridge.org. Copyright © Cambridge University Press, reproduced with permission.
en
English Profile This product is informed by the English Vocabulary Profile, built as part of English Profile, a collaborative programme designed to enhance the learning, teaching and assessment of English worldwide. Its main funding partners are Cambridge University Press and Cambridge English Language Assessment and its aim is to create a ‘profile’ for English linked to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEF). English Profile outcomes, such as the English Vocabulary Profile, will provide detailed information about the language that learners can be expected to demonstrate at each CEF level, offering a clear benchmark for learners’ proficiency. For more information, please visit www.englishprofile.org
m ss
Corpus Development of this publication has made use of the Cambridge English Corpus (CEC). The CEC is a computer database of contemporary spoken and written English, which currently stands at over one billion words. It includes British English, American English and other varieties of English. It also includes the Cambridge Learner Corpus, developed in collaboration with Cambridge English Language Assessment. Cambridge University Press has built up the CEC to provide evidence about language use that helps to produce better language teaching materials.
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p
U
National Geographic Creative for the text on p. 14 adapted from ‘Instants: Dispatches from the Dawn Wall’ by Mallory Benedict & ‘Duo Completes First Free Climb of Yosemite’s Dawn Wall, Making History’ by Andrew Bisharat. Copyright © 2015 National Geographic Creative. Reproduced with permission;
The publishers are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce copyright photographs and material: