Language summary
Ca m
1
Key vocabulary
br
Hi!
page 4
Character names: Mr. Star, Mrs. Star, Sally, Scott, Suzy, Marie, Maskman, Monty, Eva
Key language
Sounds and spelling
Greetings: Hi. Goodbye. Question words: What’s your name? I’m (Sally). How old are you? I’m (five).
Initial letter sound: r (red)
Question words: Who’s that? That’s (Alex). How old is he/she? He’s/She’s (seven). Is he/she (six)? Yes, he/she is. / No, he/she isn’t. How are you? I’m fine, thank you.
Initial letter sounds: p and b (pen, bag)
ge id
Numbers: 1–10 Colors: blue, green, pink, purple, red, orange, yellow, rainbow
page 10
School: book, chair, eraser, pen, pencil, table
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
2
My school
Character names: Alex, Robert
Marie’s art: What happens when you mix colors?
3
Favorite toys page 18
4
My family page 24
page 16
Toys: ball, bike, car, computer, doll, drum, train Colors: black, brown, gray, white
Trevor’s values: Make friends
page 17
Question words: What’s your favorite toy? My favorite toy’s my (drum).
Consonant sounds: t and d (toy, doll)
Prepositions of place: in, next to, on, under Where’s your (ball)? It’s (under) the (table). Is (the ball on the chair)? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
Family: brother, sister, father, mother, grandfather, grandmother
Marie’s science: Which planets are near Earth?
Adjectives: beautiful, happy, sad, old, young, ugly
Short vowel sound: a (hat)
He’s/She’s (happy). We’re (young).
page 30
Trevor’s values: Be kind
page 31
Review: units 1, 2, 3, and 4 page 32
Animals: bird, cat, dog, fish, horse, mouse
It’s (long). They’re (dirty).
page 34
2
page 46
Trevor’s values: Take care of pets
page 47
t
Marie’s science: How do we use our senses?
Consonant sounds: t and th (tooth, three)
en
page 40
Have for possession: Do you have (big ears)? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. I have (black hair).
m
My face
The body and face: ear, eye, face, hair, head, knees, mouth, nose, shoulders, toes, tooth/teeth
Short vowel sound: e (hen)
ss
6
Adjectives: big, small, clean, dirty, long, short
se
5
Our pets
Ca m
7
Key vocabulary
br
Wild animals page 48
The body: arm, foot/feet, hand, leg, tail
ge id
8
Animals: bear, crocodile, elephant, giraffe, hippo, monkey, snake, tiger
My clothes
Sounds and spelling
Have for possession: They have (short legs). They don’t have (big heads). Let’s do (the crocodile smile).
Short vowel sound: i (river)
Have for possession: He/She has (a blue cap). He/She doesn’t have (red shorts). Does he/she have (a purple ball)?
Consonant sounds: s and sh (spider, shoe)
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
page 54
Clothes: cap, jacket, pants, shoes, shorts, skirt, socks, T-shirt
Key language
Marie’s geography: Where do animals live?
page 60 Trevor’s values: Love nature
page 61
Review: units 5, 6, 7, and 8 page 62
9
Fun time! page 64
10
At the amusement park page 70
Sports and leisure: play basketball, play soccer, play tennis, play the guitar/piano, ride a bike, swim, sing
Can for ability: I/You can/can’t (swim). He/She can/can’t (sing). Can you/he/she (play soccer)?
Long vowel sound: ay and ai (day, snail)
Transportation: boat, bus, helicopter, truck, motorcycle, plane
Present progressive for ongoing actions: What are you doing? I’m (riding a bike). Are you (driving a car)? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
Consonant sound: ng (singing)
Marie’s geography: How do we travel?
Present progressive for ongoing actions: What’s he/she doing? He’s/She’s (drawing a picture).
Food: apple, banana, burger, cake, chocolate, fish, ice cream
Present simple: I like (apples). I don’t like (cake). Do you like (fish)? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Grammar reference page 94
Pre A1 Starters exam folder page 98 Listening Parts 1 and 4 Reading and Writing Parts 2 and 3
t
Review: units 9, 10, 11, and 12 page 92
page 90 Trevor’s values: Keep clean page 91
en
Marie’s science: How do we grow fruit?
Review of sounds
m
page 84
Initial letter sound: m (mouse)
ss
12
Party time!
page 78
The home: bathroom, bedroom, dining room, hallway, kitchen, living room
se
11
Our house
page 76 Trevor’s values: Work together page 77
Speaking Parts 1 and 2
3
Hi!
1
2–3
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
br
m
Ca
1
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co Mr. Star
Mrs. Star
Scott
Suzy
Sally
ss
se t
en
m
2 4
Point and say the name.
Sally
Vocabulary presentation 1: character names | Language presentation 1: greetings and question words
1
4
1
Listen and do the actions. Marie
m
Ca
Maskman
br
Monty
ge id 5
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
2
Listen and say the chant.
ss
se t
en
m Vocabulary presentation 2: numbers 1–10 | Language practice 1: greetings and question words
5
1
Listen and point.
6
Ca br
m
How old are you?
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
Eva
I’m three.
Listen and repeat.
ss
7
se
2
t
en
m
6
Vocabulary practice 2: numbers 1–10 | Language presentation and practice 2: question words
1
8–9
1
Listen and sing. Do karaoke.
Ca br
m
Red and yellow and and green. . Orange and purple and . I can sing a
ge id
4
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
1
3
6
2
7
se ss
5
t
en
m
2
10
Listen and say the color. Vocabulary presentation and practice 3: colors
7
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
br
m
Ca
11
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co A red robot on a rainbow.
2
Look, find, and count. Red birds.
Six!
ss
se ed 8
Sounds and spelling: r
t
en
m Write it with me!
1
12
1
Watch the video. 2
br
m
Ca
1
ge id 5
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
3
4
6
ss
se t
en
m
2
Act out the story. Story: unit language in context
9
My sc hool
1
13–14
br
m
Ca
2
ge id
chair
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
eraser
pencil
pen
ss
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
table
book
t
en
m
2 10
Play and say.
Vocabulary presentation: school
Pen.
It’s blue.
1
15
2
Listen and say the chant.
Ca
A
,a ,a
,a
,
. Say it again!
br
m
A
, an
ge id
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co 4 5 6 7 8 9
ss
se
16
t
en
m
2
Listen and correct. Four purple chairs.
No. Six orange chairs. Vocabulary practice: school
11
1
17–18
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
br
m
Ca ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
That’s Eva. She’s eight.
Who’s that?
ss
se m
Who’s that?
2 12
Point, ask, and answer.
Eva.
Alex
t
en
Robert
She’s eight.
Language presentation and practice 1: question words Who’s that? That’s (Robert). How old is he/she? He’s/She’s (seven).
1
19–20
2
Listen and sing. Do karaoke.
br
m
Ca
Star, Star, how are you? I’m fine, thank you. I’m fine, thank you. How are you?
ge id ss
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co t
en
m
Make the puppets. Language presentation and practice 2: greetings How are you? I’m fine, thank you.
13
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
br
m
Ca
21
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
Put the pizza in the purple bag.
2
Look, point, and say.
Seven pink books.
ss
se
14
Sounds and spelling: p and b
izza
t
ag
en
m Write it with me!
1
22
2
Watch the video. 2
br
m
Ca
1
ge id 5
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
3
4
6
ss
se t
en
m
2
Act out the story. Story: unit language in context
15
M a rie’s a r t
What happens when you mix colors?
Ca
23
+
+
=
Secondary colors
3
+
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
Primary colors
Listen and look. Say the colors.
ge id
2
Watch and answer.
br
m
1
=
=
Look, say, and check (✓).
1 2 3
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
✓
ss
se
4
+
t
en
m
Red is the first primary color a baby can see.
Fact 16
Art: mix colors |
critical thinking
Make a color wheel.
Tre v o r’s v a lu e s Make friends
Ca
24
Listen and point.
br
m
1
1
2
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
3
4
ss
se t
en
m
2
25
Listen and say the number. Act it out. Language: Are you OK? Come on! Let’s play! |
emotional development
17
Favorite toy s
1
26–27
br
m
Ca
3
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
ge id computer
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
doll
car
drum
ball
se
ss
bike
en
m
2 18
Ask and answer.
Vocabulary presentation: toys
t
train
What’s this?
It’s a car.
1
28
3
Listen and say the chant.
Ca m
Black, brown, white, gray. Look, listen, point, and say.
br
6
ge id
5
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co 3
2
4
ss
se m t
en
1
2
29
Listen and say the number. Vocabulary presentation and practice: toys and colors
19
1
30–31
Listen and do the actions. Listen and repeat.
br
m
Ca ge id
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
Is your ball in your bag?
ss
No, it isn’t, Dad.
t
en
m
2 20
Ask and answer.
Where’s your pencil?
Language presentation: prepositions of place It’s in / on / under / next to (the toy box).
It’s on the table.
1
32–33
3
Listen and sing. Do karaoke.
Ca
Monty? Is he in the
m br
Is he under the
ge id
Is he next to the
? ? ?
ss
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co t
en
m
2
Ask and answer. Is Monty under the chair?
No, he isn’t.
Language practice: prepositions of place Is (Monty) in / on / under / next to the (toy box)?
21
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
br
m
Ca
34
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
A doll, a drum, and a teddy bear on a train. Drive under two tables!
2 1
Look and say.
A train on the table.
Number one.
se
4
ss
2
Write it with me! able
22
Sounds and spelling: t and d
rum
t
en
m
3
1
3
Watch the video.
35
2
br
m
Ca
1
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
3
4
5
6
ss
se t
en
m
2
36
Listen and say “yes” or “no.” Story: unit language in context
23
My fami ly
1
37–38
br
m
Ca
4
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
ge id grandmother
ss
mother
sister
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
grandfather
brother
m t
en
father
2 24
Point and say.
Vocabulary presentation: family
Who’s this? Grandmother!
1
39
4
Listen and say the number.
1
2
br
m
Ca ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co 4
3
5
6
ss
se t
en
m
2
40
Look, listen, and say. Vocabulary practice: family
25
1
Listen and point. Listen and do the actions.
41–42
br
m
Ca ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
sad
ugly
old
ss
se
happy
26
Play and say.
Language presentation: adjectives She’s (young).
t
2
en
young
m
beautiful
You’re happy!
Yes!
1
43–44
4
Listen and sing. Do karaoke.
br
m
Ca
He’s my
. She’s my
She’s my
. And he’s my
. .
ge id
We are family.
ss
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co t
en
m
2
45
Listen and say the chant. Language practice: adjectives She’s / He’s (happy).
27
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
br
m
Ca
46
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
A sad cat on a mat. A happy cat in a black hat.
2
Play and say.
He’s happy. He’s next to a hat.
Grandfather!
ss
se h 28
Sounds and spelling: a
t
t
en
m Write it with me!
1
4
Watch the video.
47
2
br
m
Ca
1
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
3
4
5
6
ss
se t
en
m
2
48
Listen and say the number. Story: unit language in context
29
M a rie’s sc ie n c e
Which planets are near Earth?
Ca
49
Listen, point, and say.
ge id
2
Watch and answer.
br
m
1
Mercury
Venus
3
Jupiter
Uranus
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
the sun
Earth
Mars
Saturn
Neptune
Color and say.
Earth
Neptune
ss
se
Mars
en
m t
Earth has one moon. Jupiter has 79 moons.
Fact 30
Science: Earth and other planets |
collaboration
Make a planet.
Tre v o r’s v a lu e s Be kind
Ca
50
Listen and write the number.
br
m
1
ge id ss
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co t
en
m
2
51
Listen again and act it out. Language: Here you are. Thanks. I’m sorry. That’s OK. |
emotional development
31
Units 1, 2, 3, and 4
Ca
1
52
Listen and say the number. 2
br
m
1
3
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
4
5
8
6
9
7
10
ss
se
Review: units 1, 2, 3, and 4
t
Say and guess. It’s pink. It’s in a bag.
32
en
m
2
Number four.
Ca
3
53
Listen and color. Make a spinner.
br
m 1
2
5
ge id 4 1
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
3
4
Play the game.
3
5
6
t
en
m
4
ss
se
2
Review: units 1, 2, 3, and 4
33
O u r pets
1
54–55
br
m
Ca
5
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
ge id
fish
bird
t
en
m
dog
mouse
ss
cat
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
horse
2 34
Say and guess.
Vocabulary presentation: animals
Suzy.
It’s a dog.
1
56
5
Listen and say the chant.
Ca br
m
My horse is beautiful. My dog is too. My fish is ugly. My bird is blue.
ge id ss
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co t
en
m
2
57
Listen and say “yes” or “no.” Vocabulary practice: animals | Language presentation: adjectives They’re (black).
35
1
58–59
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
br
m
Ca ge id
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
dirty
clean
small
se
ss
long
t
en
m
big
short
2 36
Ask and answer.
What’s long and gray?
Language presentation: adjectives It’s (clean). They’re (dirty).
The pencil.
1
60
5
Listen and do the actions.
Ca br
m
My name’s
ge id
It’s a
, and this is my . It’s a
.
.
ss
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co t
en
m
2
61–62
Listen and sing. Do karaoke. Language practice: adjectives It’s a (clean cat).
37
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
br
m
Ca
63
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
A red pet hen on a nest with friends!
2
Ask and answer.
Where’s the pink hen?
It’s on the dog.
ss
se h 38
Sounds and spelling: e
n
t
en
m Write it with me!
1
64
5
Watch the video. 2
br
m
Ca
1
ge id 5
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
3
4
6
ss
se t
en
m
2
Act out the story. Story: unit language in context
39
My face
1
65–66
br
m
Ca
6
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
ge id
hair
ear
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
face
eye
nose
mouth
teeth
ss
se t
en
m
2 40
Play and say.
Vocabulary presentation: the face
Nose.
It’s here!
1
67
Listen and say the chant.
Head, shoulders, knees and toes, knees and toes.
br
m
Ca 1
6
2
3
4
ge id 2
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
5
6
68
7
8
Listen and correct.
ss
se
I’m a boy monster.
m t
en
No. You’re a girl monster.
Vocabulary presentation and practice: the body and face
41
1
69–70
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
br
m
Ca ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
Do you have a small mouth?
No, I don’t. I have a big mouth.
I have long green hair.
ss
se t
en
m
2
Play and say.
I have purple eyes. I have brown eyes.
42
Language presentation: have for possession Do you have (a small mouth)? I have (pink hair).
No! Yes!
1
71–72
6
Listen and sing. Do karaoke.
Ca
I have
hair, and my and a
head.
br
m
I have a blue
are red.
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
2
Draw and color. Say, listen, and draw.
se ss
I’m a very ugly monster. I have three eyes.
t
en
m
Language practice: have for possession I have (a purple head).
43
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
br
m
Ca
73
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
One tooth, two teeth, three teeth in Mrs. Monster’s mouth.
2
Say and guess.
Monster four!
I have three small teeth. 1
2
3
4
ss
se
44
Sounds and spelling: t and th
wo
3
t
2
en
m Write it with me!
ree
1
6
Watch the video.
74
2
br
m
Ca
1
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
3
4
5
6
ss
se t
en
m
2
75
Listen and say “yes” or “no.” Story: unit language in context
45
M a rie’s sc ie n c e
How do we use our senses?
Ca
Listen and point.
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
3
76
ge id
2
Watch and answer.
br
m
1
Point and say.
ss
I see with my eyes.
se
Eyes.
en
m t
We taste with our mouth. A butter fly tastes with its feet!
Fact 46
Science: the senses |
learning to learn
Use your senses!
Tre v o r’s v a lu e s Take care of pets
Ca
77
Listen and say the number.
br
m
1
1
2
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
3
4
ss
se en
m
Do the actions. Guess. You feed your fish.
t
2
Yes, that’s right!
Language: brush, feed, walk, and wash pets |
social responsibilities
47
Wi ld an i mals
1
78–79
br
m
Ca
7
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
ge id
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
giraffe
crocodile
bear
elephant
snake
monkey
ss
se
2 48
Play and say.
Vocabulary presentation: animals
It’s big and gray.
tiger
It’s an elephant!
t
en
m
hippo
1
80
7
Listen and say the chant. Do the actions.
br
m
Ca
Tiger, elephant, hippo, snake, Giraffe, bear, and crocodile.
ge id ss
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co t
en
m
2
81
Listen and point. Answer. Vocabulary practice: animals
49
1
82–83
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
Ca br
m
hand
ge id feet
tail arm
ss
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
foot
leg
t
en
m
2
Play and say.
They have big heads and small ears. Hippos.
50
Language presentation and practice 1: have for possession They have (short legs). They don’t have (big heads).
1
84–85
7
Listen and sing. Do karaoke. show. Let’s all do the
dance.
Let’s all do the
smile. Let’s all do the
laugh!
br
m
Ca
Let’s all do the
ge id ss
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co t
en
m
2
Act it out and say. What am I?
You’re an elephant.
Language presentation and practice 2: Let’s do (the crocodile smile).
51
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
br
m
Ca
86
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
Six little pink hippos in the river. He’s the big hippo king.
2
Ask and answer. Guess.
It has a long tail.
A tiger.
ss
se l h 52
Sounds and spelling: i
ttle ppo
t
en
m Write it with me!
1
87
7
Watch the video. 2
br
m
Ca
1
ge id 5
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
3
4
6
ss
se t
en
m
2
Act out the story. Story: unit language in context
53
My c lothes
1
88–89
br
m
Ca
8
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
ge id
cap
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
skirt
T-shirt
jacket
socks
shoes
t
en
m
shorts
ss
se
pants
2 54
Play and say.
Vocabulary presentation: clothes
Pants.
They’re gray.
1
90
8
Listen and say the chant.
Ca br
m
I have blue pants And a green T-shirt. I have a brown jacket And a purple skirt.
ge id
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co 1
3
4
2
ss
se t
en
m
2
91
Listen and say the number. Vocabulary practice: clothes
55
1
92–93
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
br
m
Ca ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
Does Scott have my red pants?
ss
se t
en
m
2 56
Say and guess.
She has white shoes. She doesn’t have blue pants.
Joana!
Language presentation: have for possession Do you/Does he/she have (my blue T-shirt)? He/She doesn’t have (red shorts).
1
94
8
Listen and correct. in his hands, a
in his hands.
She has a
in her hands, a
in her hands.
br
m
Ca
He has a
ge id ss
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co t
en
m
2
95–96
Listen and sing. Do karaoke.
Language practice: have for possession She has (an orange book). He doesn’t have (a train).
57
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
br
m
Ca
97
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
Six snakes in T-shirts.
2
Seven sheep in socks and shoes.
Say and guess.
They have red T-shirts.
Monkeys!
ss
se ix 58
Sounds and spelling: s and sh
oes
t
en
m Write it with me!
1
8
Watch the video.
98
br
m
Ca
1
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
2
3
4
5
ss
se t
en
m
2
99
Listen and say the number. Story: unit language in context
59
M a rie’s geo g ra p h y Where do animals live?
Ca
Listen and match. Write the number. 100
ge id
2
Watch and answer.
br
m
1
3
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
1 lion 2 penguin 3 fox 4 polar bear 5 snail 6 bug 7 zebra
1
Look, say, and guess. garden
It lives in the garden.
polar region
A bug.
savanna
ss
se t
en
m
al The biggest land mamm is the elephant, and it lives in the savanna.
Fact 60
Geography: animal habitats |
critical thinking
Make a birdhouse.
Tre v o r’s v a lu e s Love nature
Ca
101
Listen and write the number.
br
m
1
ge id ss
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co t
en
m
2
Mime and guess.
Plant a tree.
Yes!
Language: Let’s plant a tree. Let’s recycle. |
social responsibilities
61
Units 5, 6, 7, and 8
Ca
1
102
Listen and say the number.
m
2
br
1
3
4
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
5
6
2
7
8
Look, read, and match. Say. It’s a hippo.
polar bear
3
4
ss
2
se
1
lion
zebra
hippo
t
en
m
62
Review: units 5, 6, 7, and 8
3
Play and say.
They’re eyes!
Ca br
m
Finish
ge id ss
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co t
en
m
St art Review: units 5, 6, 7, and 8
63
Fu n ti me!
1
103–104
br
m
Ca
9
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
ge id play the piano
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
play basketball
play the guitar
swim
play tennis
ss
se
2 64
Play the game.
Vocabulary presentation: sports and leisure
t
en
m
play soccer
ride a bike
Simon says play the piano.
1
105
9
Listen and answer.
Ca
Ride a
1
. Play
2
, basketball.
m
Play, play, play!
br
Now let’s
. Play
, the
.
ge id
Play, play, play!
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
3
4
5
6
ss
se t
en
m
2
106–107
Listen and sing. Do karaoke. Vocabulary practice: sports and leisure
65
1
108–109
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
br
m
Ca ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co I can’t sing.
I can ride a bike.
ss
se
She can ride a horse.
t
en
m
2 66
Say and guess.
She can’t sing.
Language presentation: can for ability I/You can (swim). He/She can’t (sing).
Sally.
1
110
9
Listen and say the chant.
br
m
Ca
I can play soccer, and I can drive my car. I can’t ride a bike, I can’t swim.
ge id ss
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co t
en
m
2
Ask and answer. Can you ride a bike?
Yes, I can.
Language practice: can for ability Can you (play soccer)? Yes, I can. No, I can’t.
67
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
br
m
Ca
111
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
It’s a gray day – a snail can play with the train.
2
Ask and answer.
What can you do on a gray day? I can play a game.
ss
se
68
Sounds and spelling: ay and ai
sn
t
gr
en
m Write it with me!
l
1
112
9
Watch the video. 2
br
m
Ca
1
ge id 5
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
3
4
6
ss
se t
en
m
2
Act out the story. Story: unit language in context
69
br
m
Ca
10 At the am u sement park 113–114
truck
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
plane
ge id
1
motorcycle
boat
ss
se
helicopter
70
Ask and answer.
Vocabulary presentation: transportation
Is the truck blue?
t
2
en
m
bus
No, it’s red.
1
115
10
Listen and say the chant. Do the actions.
br
m
Ca
Helicopter, ship. Long, blue train. Motorcycle, truck. Bus and plane.
ge id 116
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
2
Listen and answer.
Is the red car in the shoe?
Yes, it is.
ss
se t
en
m Vocabulary practice: transportation
71
1
117–118
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
br
m
Ca ge id
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
What are you doing, Maskman?
I’m flying my plane.
ss
se t
en
m
2 72
Play and say.
What am I doing?
Walking!
Language presentation: present progressive for ongoing actions What are you doing? I’m (riding a bike).
1
10
Listen and sing. Do karaoke.
119–120
Ca m
I’m riding on my
.
br
I’m flying in my
.
ge id ss
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co m
Do the actions. Ask and answer.
Are you driving a car?
No, I’m not.
t
Are you driving a truck?
en
2
Yes, I am!
Language practice: present progressive for ongoing actions Are you (driving a car)? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
73
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
br
m
Ca
121
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
Singing a song and swinging along.
2
Jumping and clapping all day long.
Do the actions. Find and say. What am I doing?
You’re singing a song.
ss
se singi 74
Sounds and spelling: ng
t
en
m Write it with me!
1
10
Watch the video.
122
2
br
m
Ca
1
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
3
4
5
6
ss
se t
en
m
2
123
Listen and say the number. Story: unit language in context
75
M a rie’s geo g ra p h y How do we travel?
Ca
124
Listen and match.
ge id
2
Watch and answer.
br
m
1
4 scooter
2 monorail
5 van
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
1 ship
3 hot-air balloon
1
3
Look and complete. Air
plane
helicopter scooter ship van hot-air balloon monorail
Road
Rail
Water
car
train
boat
ss
se t
en
m
Some cars can travel on the water.
Fact 76
Geography: travel |
critical thinking
Design your own transportation.
Tre v o r’s v a lu e s Work together
Ca
125
Listen and say the number.
br
m
1
1
2
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
3
4
ss
se t
en
m
2
126
Listen and say. Act it out. Language: I can help you. Can you work together? |
social responsibilities
77
1
127–128
br
m
Ca
11 O u r hou se Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
ge id
bedroom
bathroom
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
dining room
living room
hallway
ss
se en
m
2 78
Ask and answer.
Vocabulary presentation: the home
t
kitchen
Who’s in the kitchen?
Sally.
1
129
11
Listen and correct. No, he isn’t. He’s in the bedroom.
130–131
Listen and answer. Say the chant.
ge id
2
br
m
Ca
Monty’s in the bathroom.
ss
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
In the kitchen. In the dining room. On the bathroom floor. In the bedroom. In the living room. Rolling down the hall.
t
en
m
Where’s the video game?
It’s in the living room. Vocabulary practice: the home
79
1
132–133
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
br
m
Ca ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
He’s drawing a picture.
What’s Scott doing?
ss
se
Play and say.
Sally’s riding a bike. 80
t
en
m
2
No. She’s reading.
Language presentation: present progressive for ongoing actions What’s he/she doing? He’s/She’s (drawing a picture).
1
11
Listen and sing. Do karaoke.
134–135
br
m
Ca ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co Where’s
? In her
.
What’s she doing? She’s reading a
.
ss
se m
Ask and answer.
Where is she?
She’s reading a book.
t
What’s Sally doing?
en
2
She’s in the bedroom.
Language practice: present progressive for ongoing actions What’s he/she doing? He’s/She’s (playing the guitar).
81
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
br
m
Ca
136
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
Monkey’s riding a motorcycle in the bedroom. Mouse is swimming in the bathroom.
2
Ask and answer.
Where’s Monkey?
He’s in the bathroom.
What’s he doing?
ss
se bedroo 82
Sounds and spelling: m
t
en
m Write it with me!
1
11
Watch the video.
137
2
br
m
Ca
1
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
3
4
5
6
ss
se t
en
m
2
138
Listen and say “yes” or “no.” Story: unit language in context
83
1
139–140
br
m
Ca
12 Par ty ti me! Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
ge id
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
fish
cake
ice cream
apple
burger
ss
se m t
en
banana
2 84
chocolate
Play and say.
Vocabulary presentation: food
Red.
Apples!
1
141
12
Say the chant.
br
m
Ca
Kiwi and cake. Ice cream and chocolate.
ge id ss
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co t
en
m
2
142
Listen and say “yes” or “no.” Vocabulary practice: food
85
1
143–144
Listen and point. Listen and repeat.
Ca
I like chocolate cake.
br
m ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
I don’t like chocolate.
ss
se
Do you like Maskman cake?
Play and say.
I like apples.
I like apples and bananas.
I like apples, bananas, and cake. 86
t
en
m
2
Language presentation: present simple Do you like (fish)? I like (apples). I don’t like (cake).
1
12
Sing the song. Do karaoke.
145–146
br
m
Ca ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
? Yes, yes, yes!
Do you like
? Yes, yes, yes!
Do you like
? Yes, yes, yes!
ss
se
Do you like
m
Ask and answer.
t
Do you like apples?
en
2
Yes, I do.
Do you like ice cream?
No, I don’t.
Language practice: present simple Do you like (ice cream)? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
87
Mo nty’s so un ds an d sp ell ing
1
Watch and say.
br
m
Ca
147
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
Three purple hippos swimming along. A red snake with big teeth in a hat. Doll, robot, and teddy bear singing a song. A boy playing with a mouse, a sheep, and a cat.
2
Play and say.
t
en
Sounds and spelling: review
m
ai
sh
m
88
s
e
th
a
ss
i
ng
t
p
se
d
b
r
1
148
12
Watch the video. 2
br
m
Ca
1
ge id 5
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
3
4
6
ss
se t
en
m
2
Act out the story. Story: unit language in context
89
M a rie’s sc ie n c e
How do we grow fruit?
Ca
Listen, point, and say.
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
3
149
ge id
2
Watch and answer.
br
m
1
Look, complete, and say. Fruit
Tree
Apples grow on trees.
Apples grow in cold places.
Ground
Hot place
✓
Cold place
✓
ss
se
Science: grow fruit |
learning to learn
t
90
Fact
en
m
This is called Ugli fruit because it’s – ugly!
Grow fruit.
Tre v o r’s v a lu e s Keep clean
Ca
150
Listen and point.
br
m
1
1
2
ge id As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
3
4
ss
se t
en
m
2
151
Listen and say the chant. Do the actions.
Language: brush your teeth, wash apples, wash your hands, clean your shoes |
social responsibilities
91
Units 9, 10, 11, and 12
Ca
1
152
Listen and answer.
br
m ge id Read.
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
2
. I like
and ride a
. I can
. I like
. I’m eating a
now.
,
t
en
or
but I don’t like
and
,
m
. I like
but I can’t play the
,
ss
but I don’t like
and
se
I’m Ben. I’m
and
92
Review: units 9, 10, 11, and 12
3
Play and say.
They’re playing basketball.
Ca
br
m
Finish
ge id ss
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co t
en
m
Start Review: units 9, 10, 11, and 12
93
Grammar reference What’s your name?
I’m Suzy.
How old are you?
I’m three.
br
m
Ca
1
2
Who’s that?
That’s Alex.
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
How old is he/she?
He’s/She’s seven.
How are you?
I’m fine, thank you.
who’s = who is
3
I’m = I am
ge id
what’s = what is
that’s = that is
Where’s your ball?
Is your ball in your bag?
he’s = he is she’s = she is
It’s next to the chair. It isn’t under the table. Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
where’s = where is it’s = it is isn’t = is not
He isn’t ugly.
5
They’re long.
It’s dirty.
don’t = do not
t
I / You / We have a blue nose. Do you have a small mouth?
94
en
6
m
they’re = they are
ss
He’s happy.
se
4
Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Ca
7
They have big heads.
They don’t have long legs.
br
m
Let’s do the elephant dance.
8
ge id
let’s = let us
She has your red pants.
He doesn’t have a blue T-shirt.
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
Does he have my red pants? doesn’t = does not
9
I can ride a bike.
She can’t sing.
Can you chant? can’t = cannot
10
Are you riding a bike?
Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
What’s he doing? What’s she doing?
He’s drawing a picture She’s reading a book.
I like chocolate cake.
I don’t like chocolate.
Do you like apples?
Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
ss t
en
m
12
I’m flying.
se
11
What are you doing?
95
Review puzzle Units 1–12
br m Ca
ge id
ss se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
t
en m
96
br m Ca
ge id
ss se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
t
en m
97
Starters Listening Listen. Who’s at school today? Put a ✓ or an ✗ in the box.
Ca
1
153
m br
Alex
ge id 154
May Nick
Bill
Lucy
Grace
Sam
Kim
Tom
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
2
Alice
✗ ✓
Listen and draw lines. There is one example.
Alex
Sam
Alice
Matt
ss
se t
en
m
Kim
98
Pre A1 Starters Exam folder: Listening Part 1
Lucy
Eva
Starters Listening
Look at picture 1 and listen. Say “yes” or “no.” Talk about the two pictures.
Ca
1
In picture 1, the guitar is next to the bed. In picture 2, the guitar is next to the door.
155
2
br
m
1
ge id 156
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
2
Listen and color. There is one example.
ss
se t
en
m Pre A1 Starters Exam folder: Listening Part 4
99
Starters Reading and Writing
br
m
Ca
1 Read and look at your classroom. Say “yes” or “no.”
ge id
a The door is closed. b There is a bag under the teacher’s table. c You can see an animal.
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
d Some children are smiling.
2
Look and read. Write “yes” or “no.”
100
Pre A1 Starters Exam folder: Reading and Writing Part 2
t
1 There is a green T-shirt on the chair. 2 The girl has a bag. 3 The boy is jumping on the bed. 4 The shoes and socks are under the chair. 5 The children are playing tennis.
en
Questions
yes no
m
The bedroom door is open. The boy is smiling.
ss
se
Examples
Starters Reading and Writing Do the word puzzles. You have 3 minutes!
Ca
1
sn
br
m
A Write the missing letter.
B Correct the words.
ke
m
crocod
ge id
hors
use le
C Circle the correct word.
jaket
blak
c a h
r i l r
s e k e l a i n
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
2
sok
D What’s the secret toy? Draw it.
d
ship sheep
cop
horse
house
shirt
skirt
Look at the pictures. Look at the letters. Write the words.
Example
mo u s e
m
Questions 1
e
u
o
s
2
n
4
i
t
i
t
5
e
g
en
p p
o
r
m
h
b
ss
3
i
d
se
o
r
l
i
m
n
k e
y
o Pre A1 Starters Exam folder: Reading and Writing Part 3
101
Starters Speaking
br
m
Ca
1 Listen to your teacher. Play the game.
ge id 157
1
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
2
Listen and draw. 2
3
4
ss
se t
en
m
102
Pre A1 Starters Exam folder: Speaking Parts 1 and 2
1
Look and listen. Follow the instructions.
158
br
m
Ca ge id ss
se
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co t
en
m
2
159
Listen. Put your cards on the picture.
3
160
Listen. Answer questions about the zoo. Pre A1 Starters Exam folder: Speaking Parts 1 and 2
103
Thanks and Acknowledgments
m
Ca
The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are grateful for the permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible to identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgments on reprinting and in the next update to the digital edition, as applicable. Key: U = Unit
br
General
ge id
Many thanks to everyone at Cambridge University Press & Assessment for their dedication and hard work, and in particular to: Liane Grainger and Lynn Townsend for supervising the whole project and guiding us calmly through the storms; Alison Bewsher for her keen editorial eye, enthusiasm, and great suggestions; Zara Hutchinson-Goncalves for her energy, enthusiasm, and helpful suggestions.
As d an s le es sa Pr r y fo it t rs no ve y ni p U Co
We would also like to thank all our students and colleagues, past, present, and future, at Star English academy in Murcia, especially Jim Kelly for his friendship and support throughout the years. This is for Lydia and Silvia, my own “stars,” with all my love. – CN
For Paloma, for her love, encouragement, and unwavering support. Thanks. – MT
The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are grateful for the permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible to identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgments on reprinting and in the next update to the digital edition, as applicable.
Photography
The following photos are sourced from Getty Images.
The following photos are sourced from other libraries. U2: Gino Santa Maria/Shutterstock; U12: Wavebreak Media ltd/Alamy Stock Photo. Commissioned photography by Trevor Clifford Photography.
Illustrations
Beth Hughes (The Bright Agency); Chants; Clara Soriano (The Bright Agency); Dan Crisp (The Bright Agency); Gaby Zermeno (Direct artist); Jake McDonald (The Bright Agency); Matthew Scott (The Bright Agency); Marek Jagucki; Pronk Media Inc.
Video
ss
Video acknowledgements are in the Teacher Resources on Cambridge One. Audio managed by Hyphen Publishing, produced by New York Audio Productions and John Marshall Media. Songs composed by Robert Lee.
Design and typeset Blooberry Design
Additional authors Katy Kelly: Monty’s Sounds and Spelling Rebecca Legros: Marie’s art, geography and science Montse Watkin: Exam folders
t
en
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U1: Anna Erastova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U2: Dimitri Otis/ Stone; legalALIEN/DigitalVision Vectors; Eratel/DigitalVision Vectors; Thoth_Adan/DigitalVision Vectors; Bobby Coutu/E+; LightFieldStudios/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; Ariel Skelley/DigitalVision; manonallard/ E+; hadynyah/E+; Godruma/iStock/Getty Images Plus; EkaterinaKu/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; aldarinho/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Anna Erastova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U3: Anna Erastova/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; U4: Mark Garlick/Science Photo Library; Samantha T. Photography/Moment; Carol Yepes/Moment; Andersen Ross Photography Inc/DigitalVision; Shingo Tosha/AFLO; Klaus Vedfelt/DigitalVision; picture/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Tim Robberts/DigitalVision; yozachika/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Pongnathee Kluaythong/EyeEm; Nednapa Chumjumpa/EyeEm; FreedomMaster/iStock/Getty Images Plus; broeb/iStock/Getty Images Plus; GlobalStock/E+; Jordan Siemens/Stone; Thomas Barwick/ DigitalVision; Stockbyte; skynesher/iStock/Getty Images Plus; moch alfik indarto/iStock/Getty Images Plus; frimages/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Anna Erastova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U6: Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/DigitalVision; Barbara Friedman/Moment; sharply done/E+; Geri Lavrov/Moment Open; J Shepherd/Photodisc; Lorianne Ende/EyeEm; Jim Cumming/Moment; Mint Images - Jamel Toppin/Mint Images RF; paul mansfield photography/Moment Open; Comstock/Stockbyte; vladans/iStock/Getty Images Plus; kobbydagan/iStock Editorial/ Getty Images Plus; U8: Ingunn B. Haslekaas/Moment; Achim Mittler, Frankfurt am Main/Moment; Westend61; John Seaton Callahan/ Moment; Paul Souders/Stone; Yuriy_Kulik/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Matteo Colombo/Moment; Rosemary Calvert/Stone; goinyk/iStock/ Getty Images Plus; Ghislain & Marie David de Lossy/The Image Bank; 35007/E+; DmyTo/iStock/Getty Images Plus; RuslanDashinsky/
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E+; Jamie Grill/The Image Bank; Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/DigitalVision; Fat Camera/E+; snipes213/iStock/Getty Images Plus; kuritafsheen/ RooM; Adam McGrath/500px Prime; David Talukdar/Moment; Leon Woods/EyeEm; Tobias Ackeborn/Moment; JGI; MariaTkach/iStock/ Getty Images Plus; Kinwun/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Mike Schultz/ EyeEm; RusN/iStock/Getty Images Plus; JackF/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Olga Gillmeister/iStock/Getty Images Plus; DeluXe-PiX/iStock/ Getty Images Plus; Aukid Phumsirichat/EyeEm; gofotograf/iStock/ Getty Images Plus; Somsak Bumroongwong/EyeEm; Jurmin Tang/ EyeEm; ivanastar/E+; Ryan McVay/DigitalVision; GlobalP/iStock/ Getty Images Plus; Indeed; heinteh/iStock/Getty Images Plus; amriphoto/E+; Dmytro_Skorobogatov/iStock/Getty Images Plus; hayatikayhan/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Poh Kim Yeoh/EyeEm; Roberto Peradotto/Moment; Morsa Images/DigitalVision; imagenavi; Emely/Cultura; U10: Henglein And Steets/Photolibrary; Carl & Ann Purcell/The Image Bank Unreleased; Vacclav/iStock/Getty Images Plus; avid_creative/E+; MichaelSvoboda/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Xuanyu Han/Moment; mikroman6/Moment; prospective56/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; Jaris Ho/Moment; AlasdairJames/iStock Unreleased; NathanMarx monkeybusinessimages/iStock/Getty Images Plus; BJI/Blue Jean Images; Norbert Schaefer/Corbis; SDI Productions/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U12: Image Source; Adina Tovy/Lonely Planet Images; Patrick Johns/Corbis/VCG/Corbis Documentary; EdwardSamuelCornwall/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Mr. Patipat Rintharasri/EyeEm; Tom Eversley/EyeEm; Akepong Srichaichana/EyeEm; Creativ Studio Heinemann; Richard Clark/ The Image Bank; Anastassios Mentis/Photolibrary; BJI/Blue Jean Images; Dorling Kindersley: Will Heap; vasilis ververidis/500px; Randy Mayor/Photographer’s Choice RF; WP Simon/Photodisc; Bignai/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Westend61; zentilia/iStock/Getty Images Plus; rubberball; Jade Albert Studio, Inc./Stone; izusek/ E+; ziggy_mars/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Saturated/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Indeed; Image Source/Photodisc; OJO Images/Justin Pumfrey/Photolibrary; NickBiemans/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Meggj/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; Torsten Blackwood/AFP; SW Productions/ Stockbyte; Tosaphon C/500px Prime; Weedezign/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Delta Images/Image Source.