Stage 3 B1
William Shakespeare
MACBETH
MACBETH
Scotland in the eleventh century. Macbeth is a brave general who will do anything for his King Duncan and Scotland. Until, that is, he meets three terrible witches after a battle against King Duncan’s enemies. They tell him that one day he, Macbeth, will be King of Scotland. Encouraged by his wife, Macbeth does many terrible things to make the witches’ words come true and becomes King of Scotland. However, in the end, Macbeth and his wife are destroyed by their own terrible actions.
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare MACBETH
Stage 3 B1
ELT B1
In this reader you will find:
Readers
- Information about Shakespeare’s life - A section focussing on theatrical superstitions and idioms - A section focussing on CLIL Physical Geography - A glossary of difficult words - B1 Preliminary-style activities - An exit test
Young Adult
Tag
Ambition, power
Audio Files
Look at the inside front cover flap to find out how to download your free Audio files. 600 headwords 800 headwords 1000 headwords 1800 headwords 2500 headwords Unabridged Texts
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Movers Key Preliminary First Advanced Proficiency
The pleasure of Reading
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Book brief 1
Macbeth is Shakespeare’s shortest tragedy and he probably wrote it between 1603 and 1607, when King James VI of Scotland also became King James I of England.
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Set in medieval Scotland and England, it’s based on a true story.
3
In the 11th century, there really was a King Macbeth of Scotland but he was good, not like the Macbeth in Shakespeare’s play.
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The play is about Macbeth, a brave Scottish general, who is told by three witches that one day he’ll become King of Scotland. Their words lead Macbeth to commit many terrible crimes.
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Main themes include kingship, superstition, ambition and guilt.
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In this reader: 21st Century Skills
To encourage students to connect the story to the world they live in.
KEY
A2 level activities.
Culture notes
Brief cultural information.
Glossary
An explanation of difficult words.
Picture Caption
A brief explanation of the picture.
Audio
These icons indicate the parts of the story that are recorded: start stop
The FSC certification guarantees that the paper used in these publications comes from certified forests, promoting responsible forestry management worldwide.
For this series of ELI graded readers, we have planted 5000 new trees.
William Shakespeare
Macbeth Retold and Activities by Janet Borsbey and Ruth Swan Illustrated by Simone Rea
Young Adult
Readers
Young Adult Eli Readers The ELI Readers collection is a complete range of books and plays for readers of all ages, ranging from captivating contemporary stories to timeless classics. There are four series, each catering for a different age group: First ELI Readers, Young ELI Readers, Teen ELI Readers and Young Adult ELI Readers. The books are carefully edited and beautifully illustrated to capture the essence of the stories and plots. The readers are supplemented with ‘Focus on’ texts packed with background cultural information about the writers and their lives and times.
Macbeth William Shakespeare Retold and Activities Janet Borsbey and Ruth Swan Language Level Consultant Silvana Sardi Illustrations Simone Rea ELI Readers Founder and Series Editors Paola Accattoli, Grazia Ancillani, Daniele Garbuglia (Art Director) Graphic Design Emilia Coari Production Manager Francesco Capitano
Photo credits Getty Images, Shutterstock © New edition: 2022 First edition: 2011 ELi, Gruppo editoriale ELi P.O. Box 6 62019 Recanati (MC) Italy T +39 071750701 F +39 071977851 info@elionline.com www.elionline.com Typeset in 10,5 / 15 pt Monotype Fulmar Printed in Italy by Tecnostampa – Pigini Group Printing Division Loreto – Trevi (Italia) – ERA 308.10 ISBN 978-88-536-3236-4 www.eligradedreaders.com
Contents
6 8 10 18 20 28 30 38 40 48 50 58 60 68 70 78 80 88 90 92 94 95
Main Characters Before You Read Chapter One “When will we three meet again?” Activities Chapter Two “Is this a dagger…?” Activities Chapter Three “Horror! Oh, horror!” Activities Chapter Four “What’s done is done.” Activities Chapter Five “Double, double toil and trouble.” Activities Chapter Six “Out, damned spot!” Activities Chapter Seven “Life is just a passing shadow.” Activities Playscript Focus on… William Shakespeare (1564-1616) Focus on… Theatrical Superstitions and Idioms Focus on… CLIL Physical Geography: Scotland Test Yourself Syllabus
MAIN CHARACTERS
macbeth A Scottish Thane (Lord)
lady macbeth His wife
duncan King of Scotland malcolm
donalbain Duncan’s sons
hecate The goddess of witchcraft
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the three witches Hecate’s servants
banquo A Scottish Thane fleance Banquo’s son
macduff
ross lennox Scottish Thanes
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Before you Read
Vocabulary 1 The following words all appear in the story. Match the words to the dictionary definitions. Use your translation dictionary to help you find the English definition. 1 ■ dagger / 'dæɡ.ər / noun [C] a A person whose job is to fight. 2 ■ sword / sɔːd / noun [C] b A wall around the top of a castle that you can walk around. 3 ■ battlefield / 'bæt.əl.fıːld / c A short type of knife used noun [C] in fighting. 4 ■ battlements / 'bæt.əl.mənts / d A large group of people whose noun [plural] job is to fight. 5 ■ soldier / 'səυl.dʒər / noun [C] e The place where people fight. 6 ■ army / 'ɑː.mi / noun [C] f A very long type of knife used in fighting.
Reading B1 Preliminary 2 Complete the text about Shakespeare with one word for each space. The first plays Shakespeare wrote (1) .................... historical. Then he changed to comedies with stories about love and with a happy ending. Finally, he wrote his great tragedies (2) .................... Macbeth. In Shakespeare’s tragedies, and in Macbeth (3) ...................., themes include people going mad and death. There (4) .................... a huge variety of characters in his plays, (5) .................... all different social classes and the action often involves family relationships. This can also be seen in Macbeth where the relationship (6) .................... Macbeth and his wife is a very important part of the play
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Grammar 3 Use the clues below to complete the irregular verb crossword. Use the first letter of the verb to help you. Then read chapter one and check your answers. 1
2 3
4
5 6
7
8
9 10
11 12 13
Clues Across 3 Donalbain r.................... towards his brother. (3 letters) 4 King Duncan’s men w.................... the battle. (3 letters) 6 The soldiers t.................... their stories about the day. (4 letters) 9 Macbeth was brave in the battle. He f.................... like a lion. (6 letters) 10 Macbeth t................... about his conversation with the witches. (7 letters) 12 Ross k.................... a lot about the battle. (4 letters) 13 Macbeth and Banquo h.................... a strange noise. (5 letters) Clues Down 1 King Duncan s................. Lord Ross to tell Macbeth the news. (4 letters) 2 The King of Norway p............... 10,000 gold pieces to be free. (4 letters) 4 The sun w.................... low in the sky. (3 letters) 5 The King of Norway l.................... the battle. (4 letters) 7 Macbeth l.................... the room. (4 letters) 8 Macbeth b.................... to realise something. (5 letters) 11 The witches h.................... nothing more to say. (3 letters)
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Chapter One
“When will we three meet again?” 2 It was a dark time and a dark place. In ancient Scotland, rebellions* At the time when Shakespeare wrote this play, James I was King and many people wanted to kill him. For example, with the Gunpowder Plot (1605) rebels tried to blow up Parliament and the royal family, but they weren't successful. This day is still celebrated in the UK on 5 November and is known as Guy Fawkes Night.
were usual and kings didn’t live long. Duncan, King of Scotland, was in his palace at Forres in the far north. King Duncan was a good man and a fine king, but rebels* were trying to take his throne*. The rebel leader was a rich, powerful man, the Thane* of Cawdor. The battles were hard and bloody* and Duncan was worried about his sons. Malcolm, the older son, was fighting at that very moment. Fortunately, the younger son, Donalbain, was safe with Duncan, for now. ‘News,’ said King Duncan anxiously*, We need news about the battle. It’s hard to sit here, safe at Forres, while my men are fighting.’ ‘I know father, but we must be patient,’ replied Donalbain, with a heavy heart. The Thane of Cawdor was a very powerful man indeed. *** Away from the King’s palace, in an open field, there was a very strange sight indeed. Three shapes were visible*. They were old women, ugly old women and they were wearing black rags*. The three women were witches and they were making a terrible plan. ‘When will we three meet again?’ said one witch, ‘In thunder, lightning or in rain?’ rebellion (here) action against the King rebel (here) the person who acts against the King throne the position of being king or queen Thane a Scottish word for Lord
bloody with a lot of blood anxiously in a worried way visible that can be seen rag an old piece of cloth
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Macbeth
‘When the battle’s lost and won!’ laughed the second. ‘Before the setting of the sun*!’ added the third. ‘Where, sisters? Where shall we meet?’ ‘Near! Near here.’ ‘Who, sisters? Who shall we meet?’ ‘Let’s meet Macbeth!’ ‘Macbeth!’ they cried together, ‘Let’s meet Macbeth. In fog and filthy* air!’ *** An hour or two later, King Duncan and Donalbain were still waiting for news about the latest battle. Suddenly, two men appeared on the horizon*. ‘Look father! It’s Malcolm! He’s with a soldier. I think he’s hurt.’ Donalbain ran towards his brother. ‘What’s happened? Are you hurt?’ he cried. ‘No, brother, I’m fine. This soldier is hurt, but he saved my life. I was almost captured* by the Thane of Cawdor’s men,’ he turned to the King, ‘Hello father. There’s no need to worry, I’m well and we won the battle. We won! It was long and terrible and this man here, this soldier, is a hero.’ ‘Malcolm. Thank God,’ whispered* the King, embracing* his son, ‘And thank you,’ Duncan turned to the soldier. ‘I’m not a hero, Sire*,’ said the soldier quietly, ‘Lord Macbeth was the true hero today.’ Lord Macbeth, the Thane of Glamis, was the King’s cousin. ‘My brave cousin,’ said the King, ‘He’s such a fine man.’ ‘Yes,’ said the soldier, ‘He fought like a lion. The battle was hard capture take someone prisoner whisper speak very, very quietly embrace hold someone in your arms Sire an old word used when talking to a king
setting of the sun when the sun goes down in the evening filthy very dirty horizon the line where the earth and the sky appear to meet
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When Macbeth was written, James I was King of Scotland and England, (1603-1625). He very much believed in witches and the number of people who were executed for being 'witches' grew enormously while he was king.
William Shakespeare
and the King of Norway was helping the Thane of Cawdor. Their army was larger than ours too. They attacked again and again, but Macbeth and Banquo were good generals*. Scotland is safe, Sire, Scotland is safe!’ The soldier sat down heavily in a chair. ‘I’m sorry, Sire,’ he whispered. ‘Get a doctor for this brave man,’ called Duncan, ‘Quickly.’ *** The other thanes and soldiers were beginning to return to the royal palace from the battlefield*. They told their stories of the day and everyone agreed that Macbeth was the real hero. The Thane of Ross, another of the Scottish lords, knew more details about the battle. ‘God save the King!’ he called, ‘I’ve come from Fife. We captured the King of Norway! Here, here are the ten thousand gold pieces he paid for his freedom*! We took the money and he’s gone back to Norway.’ ‘What about the rebel leader?’ asked King Duncan, ‘Tell me about the Thane of Cawdor.’ ‘We captured him too. What shall we do with him?’ ‘Execute* him. Execute him now. Then I want you to go and find Macbeth. Tell him that I’ve executed the Thane of Cawdor and tell Macbeth that he’s now the new Thane. My brave cousin will now have two titles; Thane of Glamis and Thane of Cawdor! That’s his reward*.’ ‘Immediately, Sire! It’ll be a great pleasure to tell the brave Macbeth!’ Ross left, calling for his horse. *** Macbeth himself was riding across the open fields with his friend, Banquo. They were tired from the battle, but very elated*. It was execute kill reward a prize for doing something good elated very happy
general an officer in the army who tells his soldiers what to do battlefield the place where soldiers fight freedom being free, not a prisoner
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Macbeth
getting dark and the sun was low in the sky. As they were riding along, a sudden mist* came up. Their horses stopped, afraid of something. Through the fog, the two men could just see three strange shapes, black and dark. Then they heard three women call out to them. ‘Hail*!’ ‘Hail!’ ‘Hail!’ Macbeth and Banquo stared* at each other and at the three witches. ‘Who are they?’ whispered Banquo, ‘Let’s ride on. We must be near to Forres by now.’ ‘No, wait,’ said his friend, ‘Perhaps they have a message for us.’ ‘Hail Macbeth! Thane of Glamis!’ cried the first witch. The two men were silent. ‘Hail Macbeth, the new Thane of Cawdor!’ cried the second witch. ‘Hail Macbeth, the future King of Scotland!’ cried the third. Macbeth remained* silent, trying to understand what the witches were saying, but Banquo wanted to know more. ‘You have a lot to say about my friend Macbeth. You say he’ll be Thane of Cawdor and King of Scotland’, he said boldly*, ‘but what about me? What can you tell me about my future? What will happen to me in the future? Will I be as lucky as Macbeth?’ The witches answered in turn*. ‘You’ll be less than Macbeth, but you’ll be greater.’ ‘You won’t be as lucky as Macbeth, but you’ll be luckier.’ ‘You won’t be king, but your children will be kings.’ ‘Hail Macbeth! Hail Banquo!’ the witches said together. ‘No, wait!’ cried Macbeth, ‘What do you mean? You’re right, I am mist another word for fog Hail Hello stare look at something with your eyes wide open
remain stay boldly bravely in turn one after the other
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William Shakespeare Macbeth and his friend, Banquo meet the witches.
Thane of Glamis, that’s my title. But I can’t be Thane of Cawdor, because there’s already a Thane of Cawdor. He’s a rebel, but he’s alive. And King of Scotland? I can’t be king, because we already have a good king and we’re loyal* to him. So tell me, who are you and why have you met us here to tell us these strange prophecies*? Tell me!’ The witches had nothing more to say. They simply disappeared into the fog. ‘Where have they gone?’ said Banquo to Macbeth. ‘It seems they’ve vanished into thin air*,’ his friend replied, ‘And I want to know why they went away so suddenly. I had more to ask them.’ ‘Were they witches? Or are we going mad?’ ‘Don’t worry, your children will be kings!’ Macbeth joked. ‘And you’ll be king too!’ his friend replied. ‘Oh yes. And Thane of Cawdor as well, don’t forget that! Shh. Just a minute, I can hear horses.’ The sound of the horses came nearer and nearer. ‘Who is it?’ whispered Macbeth. ‘It’s Lord Ross!’ cried Banquo. ‘Macbeth!’ Lord Ross called out, ‘I have news from the King! Your royal* cousin is well and happy with your victory*. He sent me to congratulate you and to thank you. King Duncan has decided to give you a reward. You’re now the new Thane of Cawdor. Hail Macbeth, Thane of Cawdor!’ ‘They were witches!’ whispered Banquo to Macbeth, ‘And, it looks like they were telling the truth.’ Macbeth was confused*. He turned to Ross. ‘What do you mean? The Thane of Cawdor is still alive.’ loyal be a trusted friend of someone prophecy what someone says will happen in the future vanish into thin air disappear suddenly or in a strange way
royal being King or a member of the King’s family victory winning a battle confused how you feel when you don’t really understand what’s happening
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