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Inspiring Communication TALKS

PERSPECTIVES

Inspiring Communication

SECOND EDITION

UPPER INTERMEDIATE

SECOND EDITION

SECOND PERSPECTIVES EDITION

PERSPECTIVES SECOND EDITION teaches learners to think critically and to develop the language skills they need to find their own voice in English. The carefully guided language lessons, real-world stories and TED TALKS motivate learners to think creatively and communicate efficiently.

• NEW In every unit students explore one idea from different

perspectives. They learn the thinking routine skills also thanks to visible learning strategies in order to evaluate new information and develop their own opinions and ideas.

• NEW Oral production and interaction are developed through the many MEDIATION and DEBATE activities where students are encouraged to express and exchange opinions on topics relevant to their lives.

• Pages of Presentation Skills build students’ confidence and prepare

UPPER INTERMEDIATE

them for their academic studies.

• Exclusive TED TALKS introduce themes related to global citizenship and give students the opportunity to practise the language as they look at the world in new ways.

• NEW The Citizenship section, with authentic videos, builds awareness

LATIF NASSER Historian

and understanding of the most important themes of civic education and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). for a range of national and international exams.

•

NEW A section dedicated to orientamento and career advice

Perspectives Upper Intermediate is for students who have achieved B1 and want to achieve B2.

FOR THE STUDENT Perspectives Second edition Pre-Intermediate Student’s Book & Workbook + Build Up to Pre-Intermediate + FLIP BOOK

978-88-536-4431-2

Perspectives Second edition Intermediate Student’s Book & Workbook + Build Up to Intermediate + FLIP BOOK

978-88-536-4432-9

Perspectives Second edition Upper Intermediate Student’s Book & Workbook + Exam Practice & INVALSI Training + FLIP BOOK

978-88-536-4437-4

H. Dellar A. Walkley S. Sardi

FOR THE TEACHER Perspectives Second edition Pre-Intermediate Agenda dell’insegnante (Teacher’s Guide + Tests & Resources) Perspectives Second edition Intermediate Agenda dell’insegnante (Teacher’s Guide + Tests & Resources) Perspectives Second edition Upper Intermediate Agenda dell’insegnante (Teacher’s Guide + Tests & Resources)

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Sistema Digitale Accessibile

€ 31,90

Student’s Book & Workbook

• NEW Exam-style task types and test-taking strategies prepare students

PERSPECTIVES

ES2116-20

UPPER INTERMEDIATE

STUDENT’S BOOK & WORKBOOK

CONTENTS

UNIT

VOCABULARY

LISTENING

GRAMMAR

READING

Experiences abroad

A podcast about study-abroad programmes

Present and past forms

An article about a disappearing way of travelling for free

Vocabulary building Phrasal verbs

Critical thinking Evaluating ideas

1 Travel, trust and tourism Pages 8–19

Setting up a new business Vocabulary building Adjective and noun collocations 1

A lecture about young entrepreneurs

Present perfect forms and past simple

An infographic about online crime

Four people talking about sportspeople they admire

Determiners

An article about the lengths countries will go to in order to host the Olympics and do well

Critical thinking interpreting data

2 The business of technology Pages 20–31

Describing sportspeople Vocabulary building Synonyms in texts

Critical thinking Supporting arguments

3 Faster, higher, stronger Pages 32–43

Cultural events Vocabulary building Adjective and noun collocations 2

A podcast about art projects

Future forms 1

An article about an innovative programme for teaching music Critical thinking Understanding and evaluating ideas

4 Cultural transformation Pages 44–55

Science in action Vocabulary building Adjective endings

5 It’s not rocket science Pages 56–67

A radio programme about life hacks

The passive 1 Pronunciation Stress in the passive

An article about why humans are curious Critical thinking Asking critical questions

GRAMMAR

SPEAKING

WRITING

Advice / Making recommendations

A review

JAMES VEITCH

Persuading

James Veitch’s idea worth spreading is that spam email can lead us to some surprising, bizarre and often hilarious exchanges with others.

Pronunciation Intonation for persuasion

A persuasive article

Used to and would

JOE GEBBIA

Pronunciation Elided ‘d

Joe Gebbia’s idea worth spreading is that we can design products, services and experiences that feel more local, authentic and that strengthen human connections.

How Airbnb designs for trust

Verb patterns (-ing or infinitive with to)

This is what happens when you reply to spam email

Comparatives and superlatives

Authentic listening skills Reporting

David Epstein’s idea worth spreading is that the amazing achievements of many modernday athletes are thanks to a complex set of factors, not just natural ability. Are athletes really getting faster, better, stronger?

Future forms 2

Reporting findings

A survey

Making suggestions

A for and against essay

Robert Hammond’s idea worth spreading is that we can work together to turn abandoned and neglected parts of our cities into vibrant community spaces. Building a park in the sky

The passive 2

Science is for everyone, kids included

Writing skill Describing statistics

Authentic listening skills Slowing down and stressing words ROBERT HAMMOND

Pronunciation Contrastive stress

Writing skill Getting people’s attention

Authentic listening skills Intonation and pitch

DAVID EPSTEIN

Pronunciation Linking words together in fast speech

Writing skill Adding comments

Writing skill Introducing arguments

Authentic listening skills Recognizing words you know BEAU LOTTO AND AMY O’TOOLE Beau Lotto and Amy O’Toole’s idea worth spreading is that all of us can be scientists if we approach the world with the curiosity, interest, innocence and zeal of children. Authentic listening skills Fillers

Staging and hypothesizing

A scientific method Writing skill Describing a process

CONTENTS

UNIT

VOCABULARY

LISTENING

GRAMMAR

READING

Endangered species

An interview with a conservationist about extinction

Modal verbs and meaning

An online article about an endangered animal

Vocabulary building Compound nouns

Critical thinking Assessing information

6 Adapt to survive Pages 68–79

Breaking the mould Vocabulary building Noun forms

A podcast the importance of creativity

First, second, third and mixed conditionals

An article about tests of creativity

An interview with a girl about intercultural communication

Reported speech

An article about different sub-cultures around the world

A radio programme about crisis mapping

Relative clauses

Critical thinking Fact and opinion

7 Outside the box Pages 80–91

Identity and communication Vocabulary building Compound adjectives

Pronunciation Stress for clarification

Critical thinking Understanding other perspectives

8 Common ground Pages 92–103

Dealing with disaster Vocabulary building the + adjective

An article about how the United Nations gives a voice to young people Critical thinking Detecting bias

9 Lend a helping hand Pages 104–115

Illness and injury Vocabulary building Dependent prepositions

A radio programme about inspiring films

Expressing past ability Pronunciation Stress on auxiliaries

An article about the fight against superbugs Critical thinking Thinking through the consequences

10 Life changing Pages 116–127

Citizenship p. 128 Career guidance p. 148 Workbook p. 161 INVALSI Training p. 282 Grammar reference and practice p. 298

GRAMMAR Modal verbs and infinitive forms

LATIF NASSER

SPEAKING

WRITING

Telling anecdotes

A problemsolution essay

Latif Nasser’s idea worth spreading is that in science, and in life, we are making surprising discoveries that force us to reexamine our assumptions.

Pronunciation Weak forms of have and been

You have no idea where camels really come from

Wish, if only, would rather Pronunciation Elision of final consonants t and d

Go ahead, make up new words!

Patterns after reporting verbs

Authentic listening skills Understanding fast speech ERIN MCKEAN Erin McKean’s idea worth spreading is that making up new words will help us use language to express what we mean and will create new ways for us to understand one another. Authentic listening skills Speeding up and slowing down speech

Offering solutions

A report

SAFWAT SALEEM

Challenging ideas and assumptions

A complaint

Countering opposition

A letter of application

Safwat Saleem’s idea worth spreading is that we all benefit when we use our work and our voices to question and enlarge our understanding of what is ‘normal’. Why I keep speaking up, even when people mock my accent

BECCI MANSON

Pronunciation ing forms

Becci Manson’s idea worth spreading is that photographs hold our memories and our histories, connecting us to each other and to the past.

Writing skill Using appropriate tone

Writing skill Structuring an application

Authentic listening skills Intonation and completing a point

(Re)touching lives through photos

Emphatic structures

JANINE SHEPHERD

Pronunciation Adding emphasis

Janine Shepherd’s idea worth spreading is that we have inner strength and spirit that is much more powerful than the physical capabilities of even the greatest athletes. A broken body isn’t a broken person

Writing bank p. 319

Writing skill Cohesion

Authentic listening skills Just

Participle clauses

Irregular verb list p. 318

Writing skill Topic sentences

Developing conversations

A success story Writing skill Using descriptive verbs

Authentic listening skills Collaborative listening

Vocabulary list p. 324 Word lists p. 328

WELCOME TO PERSPECTIVES What’s Your Perspective? Perspectives gives you the opportunity to think critically and to develop the language skills you need to find your own voice in English. The carefully guided language lessons, real-world stories and TED Talks will motivate you to think creatively and communicate effectively. In Perspectives, you will develop: • A GLOBAL, OPEN MIND Every unit explores one idea from different perspectives. You will practise new language while looking at the world in new ways 6 Adapt to survive

“

• A discussion point introduces

6A Evolution and conservation

you to the topic of the unit in a motivating way

VOCABULARY Endangered species

We all have a responsibility to protect endangered species, both for their sake and for the sake of our own future generations.

Look at the photo and describe what defense strategy this organism is using and why? Do you know any other examples of organisms that use this strategy as a defense mechanism to disguise their appearance and blend in with their surroundings?

Work as a class. Discuss the questions. • What is evolution? What is conservation? • What reasons are there for a species to adapt? What characteristics about a species might change?

”

Complete the article about Madagascar with the words in the box. adapted breed conservation died out hunting risk saved species survival

Loretta Lynch (former United States Attorney General)

endangered

extinct

• Consolidate, expand and practise

habitat

Madagascar is an island famous for its biodiversity. Evolution has created that have (2) to thousands of unique (1) life on the island. In fact, scientists have discovered more than 600 new animals since the beginning of this century. However, while it may seem that wildlife is doing well, many animals and plants are in fact at (3) because tropical forests are being destroyed to make farmland. Eighty percent of Madagascar’s human population live in poverty and depend on basic farming . The silky sifaka is one of the most (5) for (4) animals. There are only around 250 left in the wild. A (6) and prevent people programme is trying to preserve its (7) it. The national dog of Madagascar, the Coton from (8) from extinction, and now people de Tulear, was (9) it in several countries. The Madagascan Elephant Bird (10) in the 17th century. It was wasn’t so lucky. It became (11) because people stole its three metres tall and may have (12) huge eggs, which were big enough to feed a family. 4

Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. • • • • •

your knowledge of vocabulary through a variety of activities

What endangered species do you know? Why are they endangered? How are they being protected? What animals have become extinct? Why? What arguments can you think of for and against conservation?

Match each word with the correct group of collocations. benefit consequence conservation gene habitat risk species survival 1 destroy their _______ / preserve their _______ / lose its natural _______ 2 _______ of the fittest / its long-term _______ / ensure its _______ 3 at _______ of extinction / a high _______ / reduce the _______ of disease 4 work in nature _______ / be involved in a _______ group / improve energy _______ 5 an endangered _______ / a _______ of bird / discover a new _______ 6 bring a lasting _______ / a potential _______ / be of _______ 7 pass on their _______s / in its _______s / find a _______ for cancer 8 as a _______ / have serious _______s / consider the _______s

CLASS DISCUSSION • Do you think zoos are a good way of protecting endangered species? Why?/Why not? • What is threatening the health of our oceans and seas?

The underwater world of the Philippines, Southeast Asia, Pacific Ocean

• How can we protect our oceans and seas?

IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL

Ø discuss evolution and conservation Ø learn about mysterious occurrences

Look through the collocations in Ex. 5. Identify any phrases that are new to you. Write an example sentence for each of the new phrases.

Ø read about an endangered animal Ø write a solution to a problem

Unit 6 Adapt to survive

• A CRITICAL EYE You will learn the critical thinking skills and strategies you need to evaluate new information and develop your opinions.

6B Tree life? VOCABULARY BUILDING Compound nouns We often use two or more nouns together to create a new meaning. The first noun acts like an adjective. It describes the type of thing, its use, the material it is made from or other aspects of the second noun, such as where it is found.

Choose the correct options. 1 We often go skiing in the Olympic Mountains / Mountain Olympics north of here. 2 On average there is 20 centimetres of rainfall / fallrain here in March. 3 Many environmental charities run campaigns social media / social media campaigns. 4 Scientists believe there might be many sea creatures / creature seas that still have not been discovered. 5 I really like our teacher science / science teacher. She brings the subject to life. 6 I avoid all animal products / product animals. I don’t even wear shoe leather / leather shoes.

Work in groups. Starting with the compound nouns in the box, how many other compound nouns can you create by changing one word each time? Use a dictionary if necessary. farm animal

leather shoes

rainfall

science teacher

ice age: ice cream; cream cheese; cheesecake; cake tin; biscuit tin; tin opener

• Authentic texts about issues that are relevant to

READING 3

teenagers

Think of one animal from these categories that you are familiar with and one that you would like to find out more about. farm animals

• Regular strategies boxes help you to become

pets

Work in pairs. Look at the photo on page 73 and discuss the questions.

Work in pairs. Write down as many other facts about camels as you can. Then compare your ideas with another pair of students. Do any of the other pair’s facts surprise you? Why? Watch Part 1 of the talk. Complete the text with one to three words in each gap.

1.32 Look at the Authentic listening skills box. Then listen to these extracts from the TED Talk where people speak quickly. Try to write down what you hear.

One day in 2006, Natalia Rybczynski was digging at a south of the North site less than (1) Pole when she found a strange object. To begin with, . she thought it was a piece of (2) She collected more fragments over the next four years to find out and eventually used a (3) of a huge mammal. that it was a (4) When they cut a piece off one fragment, they collagen, which is a substance (5) in found in bones and which (6) the ice. A couple of years later, she sent the fragments to a colleague who had invented a technique called , which can identify an animal from (7) a bone. They discovered it was a(n) (8) million-year-old camel and that it must have weighed , which is (10) (9) than camels today.

1 … she thought it was just a splinter of wood, at the Fyles Leaf Bed because before – prehistoric plant parts. 2 How certain were you that you had it right, like … that , like? 3 … something like a cow or a sheep. But . It was just too big. 4 … you’re going to have different body sizes. , so they’re actually functionally like giraffes. 5 And, as a historian, you start with an idea .

WATCH 2

Work in groups. Do you think the sentences are true (T) or false (F)? Why? 1 Camels have been around for about a million years. 2 The first camels were only found in North America. 3 Giraffes and llamas are in the same family as camels. 4 The hump on a camel’s back contains water. 5 Camels have evolved to walk on sand.

Watch Part 2 of the talk. Check your answers in Ex. 2. Correct the false answers. Camels have been around longer than a million years. According to Latif, they have been around for 45 million years.

Work in groups. Discuss the questions. • Did you know about the tree octopus before? If not, what surprised you most? • Which of the threats to the tree octopus do you think is the most serious? Why? • Which of the different kinds of activism do you think are the most effective? Why? • Should people care about the tree octopus? Why? / Why not?

Look at the source for the article. Do you think it is reliable? What other sources could you check to make sure the information is accurate?

1.29 Listen to a news extract about the tree octopus

story. Answer the questions.

1 Why is the story mentioned? 2 What do the findings seem to suggest?

CRITICAL THINKING Assessing information You will often see information or read something that is unfamiliar. You need to do further reading or check the information is from a reliable source. 11 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.

• Why do you think so many people believe this story? • Looking back, is there anything in the story that should have made you more suspicious? • Can you think of any other examples of fake Internet stories like this?

Pacific Northwest

Tree Octopus FROM EXTINCTION ABOUT

HELP

FAQs

SIGHTINGS

About About

ThePacific PacificNorthwest Northwest tree tree octopus octopus (Octopus (Octopus The paxarbolis) isis only only found found in in the the forests forests of of Paxarbolis) WashingtonState, State, on on the the eastern eastern side side of of the Washington 5 the Olympic Mountains, in the USA. These Olympic Mountains, in the United States. creatures reach an average size of between 5 These creatures reach an average size of 30 and 35 and live for between 30centimetres and 35 centimetres andaround live for four years. unusual in that they around four They years.are They are unusual in that live live bothboth in water and and on land, a facta made they in water on land, fact 10 possible by the very high amounts of rainfall made possible by the very high amounts of in this part of the USA. 10 rainfall in this part of the United States. 1

Possessing the largest brain of any octopus, Possessing the largest brain of any octopus, the tree octopus explores its surroundings by the tree octopus explores its surroundings by touch and sight. Some scientists believe that touch and sight. Some scientists believe that the way it has adapted to life in the forest the way it has adapted to life in the forest mirrors the way early life forms adapted to 15 mirrors the way early life forms adapted to life away from the water. Although they are life away from the water. Although they are not social animals like humans, they can not social animals like humans, they can still show emotions by changing their skin still show emotions by changing their skin 20 colour: red indicates anger and white, fear. colour: red indicates anger and white, fear. Normally, though, they are a green-brown 20 Normally, though, they are a green-brown colour that matches their surroundings. colour that matches their surroundings. Every spring, tree octopuses leave their Every spring, tree octopuses leave their homes and travel to the coast to breed. Males homes and travel to the coast to breed. Males 25 soon return to the forest, while females lay soon return to the forest, while females lay their eggs underwater. The young then spend 25 their eggs underwater. The young then spend their first month or so floating near to the their first month or so floating near to the shore before moving out of the water and shore before moving out of the water and beginning their adult lives in the forest. beginning their adult lives. 15

Source: http://zapatopi.net/treeoctopus/

MEDIA

LINKS

Although the the tree tree octopus octopus is Although is not not yet yet on on the the official list list of official of endangered endangered animals, animals,ititshould should be,as asnumbers numbers are are now now seriously seriously low. be low. ItIt faces faces many threats: Pacific-Northwest many threats: trees trees in theinPacific Northwest 35 forests are constantly being cut down; new forests are constantly being cut down; roadsroads have have cut offcut access to water; the growth new off access to water; of local towns has introduced house cats into 35 the growth of local towns has introduced the region hunt the octopuses house cats which into the region, and they and hunt pollution is getting worse. Immediate the octopuses and pollution is gettingaction worse. 40 needs to be taken to stop the tree octopus Immediate action needs to be taken to stop from becoming extinct. the tree octopus from becoming extinct.

Become an an activist activist Become

Here are some things you can do to help Here are some things you can do to help protect the last few tree octopuses: protect the last few tree octopuses. • Write to the government to say you are • Write to the government to say you are worried and that you feel the tree octopus worried and that you feel the tree octopus should be given special protection and should be given special protection and included on the Endangered Species List. 45 included on the Endangered Species List. • Write to celebrities, asking them to talk in • Write to celebrities asking them to talk 50 interviews about the dangers facing the about the dangers facing the tree octopus tree octopus. in interviews. • Let the world know about the tree • Let the world know about the tree octopus: tell your family and friends. 50 octopus: tell your family and friends. • Tell people not to buy products made • Tell people not to buy products made 55 by companies that don’t protect the tree by companies that don’t protect the tree octopus when cutting down trees. octopus when cutting down trees. • Start an online campaign! Encourage • Start an to online people sign acampaign! petition. Encourage 55 people to sign a petition. 40

MY PERSPECTIVE 12 Work in groups. What are the consequences of fake

Unit 6 Adapt to survive

• After every unit, watch an authentic TED Talk and expand your perspective on global life issues

Watch Part 2 of the talk again. Choose the correct options. 1 Scientists believe that at first, camels were only found in hot places / cold places. 2 They also believe that 40 million years ago, there were around 20 / 24 different species of camels. 3 They say that some early camels were as small as dogs / rabbits. 4 They also say that one branch of camels became llamas / giraffes. 5 Some scientists believe that a camel’s hump helped it to survive long walks / winters. 6 It is believed that three and a half million years ago, the weather was significantly warmer / cooler than today.

Watch Part 3 of the talk. Which sentence best summarizes the point Latif is making? a It’s important to change your mind about things. b Scientists should also study history. c Much of what we think we know might be wrong. d Camels are well suited to different environments.

What discoveries or news have you heard about the natural world recently? Think about: • archaeology • new or lost species • the sea • medical advances.

• Activities guide you through the TED Talk leading you

VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT a

Watch the clips from the TED Talk. Choose the correct meanings of the words and phrases.

b Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. • Have you ever experienced hitting a wall? Why? How did you overcome it? • What scientific theories still have no proof? • What good spots do you know to: - have a picnic? - see wildlife? - hang out with friends? - watch the world go by? • What things would you be willing or unwilling to do to be successful in life?

to the satisfaction of having understood real English in an up-to-date context

CHALLENGE Think of a time in your life when you have had to rethink what you thought you knew about something – or someone. • What did you use to believe? Why? • What caused you to rethink your beliefs? • Did you develop your new ideas quickly or slowly? • How do you feel about the thing or person now? Work in groups. Tell each other your experiences. Ask and answer questions about the changes. Decide who experienced the biggest change.

All TED Talks, videos and audio files are available on the FLIP BOOK and downloadable with the ELI LINK App on your phone. 76 Unit 6 Adapt to survive

ACTIVITIES

Why it’s it isendangered endangered Why

TALKS

”

85%

HELP SAVE THE ENDANGERED

news stories?

I’ve learnt that, actually, a lot of scientists are historians, too. They make sense of the past.

When phrases are spoken very quickly, it can be difficult to hear individual words because words get shortened or sound as one.

10:31 AM

Which statements are supported by the article? Which parts of the article help you decide your answers?

72 Unit 6 Adapt to survive

6D You have no idea where camels really come from

Understanding fast speech

wild animals

1 Where do you think this animal is found? 2 What is unusual about it? 3 How do you think the photographer was able to get the shot?

a better learner

AUTHENTIC LISTENING SKILLS

sea creatures

Work in groups. Compare the animals you thought of. Explain your choices.

1.28 Read and listen to the article to check your ideas in Ex. 5. What else do you learn about questions 1 and 2 in Ex. 5?

1 The tree octopus is the most endangered creature in the USA. 2 Washington State is one of the wettest places in the USA. 3 The tree octopus may provide clues about how early sea creatures adapted to live on land. 4 The animals often live in small groups. 5 Many companies that cut down trees in the forests are not doing enough to protect octopuses. 6 Young octopuses are dying because the seas are increasingly polluted. 7 Soon there may be no tree octopuses left. 8 Few people are aware of the dangers facing octopuses.

Bookshops are dying out in our country because people are buying books online.

prefixes and suffixes, compound nouns to help you improve your Use of English

LATIF NASSER

Ice ages caused the extinction of many species.

• Focus on Word Building items like collocations,

“

Unit 6 Adapt to survive

• A CLEAR VOICE You will respond to the unit theme and express your own ideas confidently in English

6E Finding a solution 1

Anecdotes are short real-life stories. When we want to tell an anecdote, we often give a very short summary of what we are going to say. We might also add a comment or say how we felt in order to make it sound interesting.

• Step-by-step activities with clear models

Work in pairs. Look at the photo and discuss the questions. 1 Where do you think the photo was taken? Who might the man be? 2 How would you feel if you were the man in the photo?

Responding to anecdotes If the listener is interested, they will say things like: Really? Why was that? Wow! What happened? Really? They have foxes there?

You are going to tell an anecdote about a time you encountered some kind of wild animal – big or small. Make notes using these questions and think of a sentence you will say to start the anecdote to get people interested. • • • • • •

When did it happen? How old were you? Where was it? What happened? What was the animal doing? How did it make you feel? Did it have an effect on you afterwards?

Tigers are endangered in the wild. Do you think having them in zoos and parks is good for their survival? Why? / Why not? What other things might help them?

WRITING SKILL Topic sentences

Read the opening lines of six different anecdotes. Which sounds most interesting to you? What would you ask about it? a I once saw a polar bear in a zoo. It was really sad. b I almost stepped on a scorpion once. c My brother once tracked a group of gorillas in Africa. d When I went to the city, I saw lots of foxes in the street. e Where my gran lives, there are vultures. We once climbed up to their nests. f I hate cows. I was chased by some once. It was really scary!

Useful Language

lead you towards greater competence in spoken and written English

WRITING A problem-solution essay

SPEAKING

SPEAKING STRATEGIES Telling anecdotes

WRITING STRATEGIES Topic sentences It is good to start a new paragraph with a topic sentence – a sentence that explains what the paragraph is about.

Read the essay about how people can help to protect tigers on page 321. Put the topic sentences in the correct order as they might appear in the text.

Useful Language

a The author J.A. Mills suggests we should strengthen rules about domestic tigers. b Finally, we should work closely with local people. c According to the WWF (World Wildlife Fund), there are only about 4,000 tigers left in the wild. d Countries have to work together to protect their habitat.

Naming sources According to [name / organization / book, etc.], … The [job title], [name], says that … I agree with [job title], [name], when she/he says that …

In the essay, the writer refers to various organizations and people. Answer the questions. • Why does the writer do this? • Do you think they are good sources to reference? Why? / Why not? • What other information would be good to know or what other sources could you look for?

MEDIATION 8 MEDIATING CONCEPTS Work in pairs. Read the notes below about the Snow Leopard that lives in the high mountains

of Central Asia. Discuss the threats facing this animal and what can be done to save it.

Work in pairs. Tell your anecdotes. Your partner should show interest and ask questions to help you. You could start as follows:

Threats • loss of habitat due to population growth and unsustainable activities like mining • Illegal wildlife trade for their fur and parts of their body used in traditional medicine • climate change changing the ecosystem of their habitat in the mountains Possible solutions • protect and restore habitat • stronger legal protection to stop snow leopard trade • Involve local communities in ecotourism and other sustainable forms of employment • provide incentives to local communities to help protect this animal’s habitat • make people more aware of the terrible consequences of wildlife trading • international conservation cooperation between governments and NGOs.

Student A: ‘You’ll never guess what happened to me when I was ….. years old. I had a close encounter with a ………..’ Student B: You’re kidding! What happened?

Some people have a special connection with animals.

9 PROBLEM SOLVING Work on your own. Using your notes, write a problem-solution essay.

• In the first paragraph, outline the problems and say you will suggest solutions. Then tackle each problem in a subsequent paragraph. Use the writing model on page 321 as a guide if you need to. • Find two or three sources that you can add to your essay to give it greater authority. Decide how you want to use them and where to place the sources. Use the Useful Language box to help you. 10 Exchange your essay with your partner. Read your partner’s work and comment on:

• the structure and the strength of the argument • the use of sources • the use of language.

78 Unit 6 Adapt to survive

Unit 6 Adapt to survive

9 Citizenship LEND A HELPING HAND TO MAKE A BETTER WORLD A

3 How do you think you’d feel approaching a homeless person on the street? Scared? Embarrassed about what to say? Self-confident? 4 Describe a time when you’ve done something for somebody and felt good about it.

Work in pairs. Read this sentence used in the video and discuss the following questions. It’s good to talk.

7 VISIBLE LEARNING – ANALYTICAL THINKING Discuss the

following question with a partner. Use the diagram below to help you. What makes people decide to do voluntary service to help their community?

experiencing new things

1 What do you think makes a good listener? 2 Who do you talk to if you have a problem? Why? 3 Do you find it easier to talk to family members or friends when you’re worried about something? Why?

PREVIEW 1

1 Describe what is happening in each picture. 2 What benefits will these activities have on the community? 3 Which activity do you consider to be the most useful? 4 Which activity would you find the most rewarding? Why?

Watch the video about Josh and the kind of volunteer work he does.

1 What’s his job? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 2 What volunteer work does he do? ________________________________________ ________________________________________

Watch the video again and choose the correct option (A, B or C). 1 What’s the name of Josh’s project? A Do Something for Somebody B Give Somebody a Hand C Do Something for Nothing 2 When did he start his project? A In 2013 B In 2014 C In 2015 3 How does Josh let others know about his volunteer work? A He uploads photos and videos onto social networks. B He contacts other professional people. C He talks to people on the street about it. 4 How does Jade help the homeless? A She takes their dogs to the vet. B She helps homeless people look after their dogs. C She posts requests online for any vets interested in helping out. 5 Josh believes that one of the most important things is A to give people money. B to stop and talk to people. C to try to solve all their problems.

REFLECT 4 LIFE SKILLS – SELF-AWARENESS Answer these questions.

1 Do you have a very busy life? How do you fill your days? 2 Do you think you have time to do some kind of volunteer work?

study of civic education themes starting from authentic videos and fostering critical thinking and debate skills

What makes people decide to do voluntary service to help their community?

A BIGGER PERSPECTIVE

Look at the three pictures. They are all examples of actions done by volunteers.

• CITIZENSHIP Two pages dedicated to a detailed

personal growth

Look at the information in the 2030 Agenda box about Goal 17.

sense of well-being

The aim of Goal 17 is to strengthen the means of implementation and revitalise the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development. Read the paragraph about Agenda 2030 Goal 17 and its connection to volunteering and choose the correct option. Goal 17, known as ‘Partnerships for the Goals,’ (1) plays / takes a crucial role in encouraging collaboration and cooperation (2) between / among governments, civil society organisations, and volunteers. This goal (3) recognises / admits the significant contribution of volunteering in (4) proceeding / advancing sustainable development efforts. Volunteering is a form of service where individuals offer their (5) period / time, skills, and expertise to support communities and (6) deal / address social, economic and environmental issues. It can take various forms, such as community service or humanitarian work. Volunteering is in line with Goal 17 as it promotes partnerships, where people can (7) divide / share their knowledge and skills to achieve the other SDGs.

feeling obliged good for their CV

Work in pairs. Think back to the video and write down four reasons why Josh decided to volunteer his skills. 1 ________________________________________ 2 ________________________________________ 3 ________________________________________ 4 ________________________________________

9 CRITICAL THINKING Compare the diagram in Ex. 7 with

your answers in Ex. 8. Discuss with a partner how much Josh’s point of view has in common with the ideas you discussed in Ex. 7.

OUR PERSPECTIVE 10 MEDIATING CONCEPTS Work in groups of four or five.

Your objective is to suggest a voluntary service you could set up to help your local community. Follow these steps: • identify a problem that needs solving in your community • brainstorm for ways of helping to solve this problem • discuss any skills or equipment needed to achieve your goal • prepare a slide presentation of your ideas to show to the rest of the class.

144 Unit 9 Citizenship

145

Unit 9 Citizenship

• CAREER GUIDANCE Useful hints and tips

to help you choose your future studies and career consciously through activities which foster self-awereness

Career guidance

FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

LIFE SKILLS-SELF–AWARENESS

It is often hard to decide which career path to follow, after leaving school. You may decide to further your education at college or university or to try and find a job immediately. The important thing is to choose something that you think you will enjoy. Remember most people spend at least 8 hours a day, 5 days a week at work, so if you don’t like what you are doing, you will be miserable for 40 hours a week! That’s a long time! The following pages should help you discover more about yourself, your likes and dislikes, strengths and weaknesses, and skills, in order to help you make the right career choice. 1

It is incredibly empowering

to know that your future

”

is in your hands.

“

You cannot escape the

The future belongs to those

responsibility of tomorrow

who believe in the beauty

”

by evading it today.

of their dreams.

Abraham Lincoln

Eleanor Roosevelt

Keanu Reeves

1 Which quote do you agree with most? Why? 2 Which quote do you find the most daunting? Why? 3 How important is it for people to follow their dreams? 4 Discuss the following aspects a person might consider when choosing a job. Put them in order of importance for you (1-5) from the most to the least important, giving reasons for your answer. salary location opportunities for growth working hours colleagues

Answer the following questions to get a better idea about who you are. 1 How do you spend your free time? 2 How often do you waste your time? 3 How often are you influenced by what others think? 4 What kind of situations make you feel nervous or embarrassed? 5 Do you consider yourself an optimist or a pessimist? Why? 6 Do you prefer working on your own or with others? Why? 7 Do you prefer doing indoor or outdoor activities? Why? 8 Do you prefer individual or team sports? Why? 9 Do you think it’s more important to be a good listener or a good talker? 10 How do you react when someone tries to have an argument with you?

Work in pairs. Trying to imagine what the future holds for you can be both exciting and frightening. Read the three quotes below and discuss the questions with a partner.

“

Self-awareness is about knowing about yourself. To reach self-awareness, you must be conscious of your needs, skills, hopes and dreams, values and personal interests. This self-knowledge will help you in choosing the most suitable career path to follow once you leave school. 3

LIFE SKILLS

a Complete the table below about the subjects you study at school. You may wish to put the same subject in more than one column.

I’m quite good at…

I can’t stand…

I really enjoy…

I have trouble with…

Life skills can be divided into three main categories: thinking skills, personal skills and interpersonal skills.

a Put the following sub-categories under the correct headings in the table below. communication skills cooperation creative thinking problem solving self-awareness self-management

Thinking skills

critical thinking

Personal skills

decision-making

empathy

b Look back at the table above and answer the following questions. 1 What connection is there between the subjects that you are good at? 2 How do you think the subjects that you can’t stand could be made more enjoyable? 3 Which subjects do you think will be the most useful to you for finding a job in the future? 4 Are there any subjects that you’d like to study that aren’t taught at your school? 5 Which subjects would you like to drop if it were possible? Why?

Interpersonal skills

b THINKING ROUTINE Write a short paragraph (140-190 words) about which category above you feel most comfortable with. Explain why and when you use the sub-skills in this category. Then decide which category is farthest from your comfort zone and try to explain why this is the case.

148 Career guidance

Complete this table about yourself by ticking (✓) ‘True’, ‘False’ or by writing a comment under the column ‘It depends on…’.

Skills

True

False

It depends on…

Creative/Artistic skills I can paint and draw well I’ve got a good imagination I can play a musical instrument I love making up stories Photography is one of my hobbies I’m inventive

Career guidance

149

ONLINE RESOURCES AT WWW.GRUPPOELI.IT 7

1 Travel, trust

and tourism

“

A concerted effort to preserve our heritage is a vital link to our cultural, educational, aesthetic, inspirational, and economic legacies – all of the things that make us who we are. Steve Berry (American author)

”

CLASS DISCUSSION • What does it mean when a place becomes a World Heritage Site? • What benefits and opportunities does this recognition bring to the community? • Have you ever visited a World Heritage Site? • Are there any World Heritage Sites or other important landmarks to visit in the area where you live?

IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL

Ø talk about study-abroad programmes Ø learn about the Grand Tours of the past

Ø read about a disappearing way of travelling for free Ø write a review of a place you have visited

1A Cultural exchange VOCABULARY Experiences abroad 1

Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. • What do you normally do during the holidays? • Have you ever been abroad? If yes, where? If no, would you like to? Why? / Why not? • What do you know about student exchanges and study-abroad programmes?

Check you understand the words and phrases in bold. Use a dictionary if necessary. Then tell your partner which experiences you think are good and which are bad. Give your reasons. 1 be left to your own devices 2 find people very welcoming 3 get a bit of a culture shock 4 get a real feel for the place 5 get food poisoning 6 get off the beaten track 7 get robbed

8 go hiking in the mountains 9 hang out with local people 10 lie around the house all day 11 see all the sights 12 stay in a B&B 13 stay with a host family 14 take a while to get used to the food

Work in groups. Look at the words and phrases in Ex. 2. Discuss the questions. • Which are most / least connected to visitors to your country? • Which have you done? Or which have happened to you? When? • Which three do you most want to remember and use? Why?

Work in pairs. Look at the photo and discuss the questions. • How is the market different from a market close to where you live? How would visiting this place make you feel? Why? • Which words and phrases in Ex. 2 can you use to describe what is happening? Make a list. Then explain your choices to a partner.

Complete the description with words and phrases from Ex. 2. In the past, it was very common for teenagers to do student exchanges where they would go abroad and stay in each other’s homes. The idea was not only with the local teenagers, to learn a new language but to (1) the place and culture. even go to their school and get a (2) was very welcoming and students got on Sometimes the (3) was well with the people in the home, but other times the (4) the food and ended up too much because they couldn’t (5) . Maybe that’s why these days it is more being left to their (6) common for teenagers to go on a group trip abroad where everyone stays in a or hostel together. During the trip, students go and see (7) and only briefly meet up with a group from a local school. (8) a foreign house all day and This way teenagers don’t (9) there is no awkwardness. The worst that could happen might be a case of from a bad prawn and some sore feet from walking (10) around the town.

Malacca City Square in Malaysia, Unesco World Heritage Site.

Work in pairs. Which of the two programmes described in Ex. 5 do you think is better? Why?

Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism

LISTENING 7

1.01 Listen to the first part of a podcast about study-abroad programmes. Find out:

1 who can do these programmes. 2 how long people can go abroad and study. 3 when the system started. 4 what the possible benefits are. 8

1.02 Listen to Kenji and Catalina. Answer the

questions.

1 Where did they do their study-abroad programmes? 2 How long did they stay for? 3 Did the trip increase their understanding of other cultures and develop their language skills? If yes, how do you know? 9

1.02 Work in pairs. Decide if the sentences are true

(T) or false (F). Then listen again to check your answers. 1 Kenji had visited several countries before studying abroad in Munich. 2 He was really excited about studying abroad. 3 His host family helped him develop a better understanding of the German language. 4 He’s still in touch with his host family. 5 Catalina has family roots* in Italy. 6 She felt at home as soon as she arrived. 7 After a few weeks, she spoke enough Italian to do what she needed to do. 8 She’s glad she went to Italy but has no plans to go back. family roots original place where a family is from

Some study-abroad programmes allow students to visit countries like China where they can go to places like the Great Wall.

10 Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism

MY PERSPECTIVE 10 Work in pairs. Think of two more benefits and three

possible issues students might face when doing a study-abroad programme. Then discuss the questions.

• What do you think the biggest benefit is? Why? • What do you think the biggest issue is? Why?

GRAMMAR Present and past forms 11 Look at the sentences in the grammar box. Decide:

1 which two are about the present. __ __ 2 which four are about the past. __ __ __ __ 3 which two describe actions that happened before something else in the past. __ __ 4 which three use simple forms. __ __ __ 5 which three use continuous forms. __ __ __ Present and past forms a I was actually thinking about cancelling my trip. b I’d been wanting to go there for ages. c We’re talking about study-abroad programmes. d I’d never left Argentina! e I spent six months in Germany last year. f I miss my host family. > Grammar reference & practice p. 298

12 Match the rules (1–6) with the examples (a–f) in the

Grammar box.

1 We use the Present simple to talk about habits, permanent states and things that are generally true. 2 We use the Present continuous to talk about actions we see as temporary, in progress and unfinished. 3 We use the Past simple to describe finished actions in the past, especially when there is one finished action after another. 4 We use the Past continuous to emphasize an action in progress around a time in the past. 5 We use the Past perfect simple to emphasize that one thing happened before a particular point in the past. 6 We use the Past perfect continuous to talk about an action that was in progress over a period of time up to or before a particular point in the past. 13 Complete the extract by putting each verb in brackets

into the correct form.

I really (1) (love) travelling. It’s probably the most important thing in my life. I’m 17 now, (plan) to spend the summer and I (2) on a National Geographic Student Expedition! I actually (go) on my first adventure trip (3) a couple of years ago when I (4) (spend) two months in China. It was the first time (ever / go) abroad, and I (5) (love) every minute of it! I (6) (stay) in Beijing, While we (7) (visit) the Great Wall of China we (8) (dream) which was something I (9) of doing ever since I was a child. Just amazing! (hope) to do an expedition I (10) to Iceland next year and stay somewhere really off the beaten track.

14 Complete the pairs of sentences by putting one of the

verbs in brackets into the correct simple form and the other into the correct continuous form.

(spend) the summers 1 a We usually with my grandparents at their house on the coast. b This summer, though, my brother is in Costa Rica. He (stay) with a host family there. (go) hiking in the 2 a This weekend I mountains with some friends. (leave) at six every b The coach morning, so we should be at the bus station 15 minutes before. (get) really bad food poisoning 3 a I while I was in Scotland. I’ve no idea why! b Things got worse when somebody stole my suitcase (wait) in the queue to buy while I train tickets to Glasgow. 4 a I spoke good French by the time I left Québec (hang out) with the because I locals for the last few months of the ski season. b It was a great trip, but scary, because I never (try) skiing before. 15 You are going to tell a story. Choose one of the

situations below. Then plan what you want to say about where you were and when – and what happened during your time there. Think about how to use all four past forms at least once.

a something that happened while you were on holiday b a time you stayed with other people c a place you have visited 16 Work in pairs. Tell each other your stories.

Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism

1B Ask for a lift VOCABULARY BUILDING Phrasal verbs

We often use phrasal verbs in conversation instead of more formal words. They are very common in English. The meaning of a verb often changes when it is used in a phrasal verb. 1

1 There used to be far more hitchhikers. 2 There was a high number of robberies involving hitchhikers. 3 It’s difficult to find a place to hitchhike these days. 4 More people drive compared to the past. 5 Air travel is safer than driving or hitchhiking. 6 We are wasting a lot of energy by driving alone. 7 People only hitchhike now if they are poor. 8 Hitchhiking brings benefits to communities and individuals.

Rewrite the italics using the correct forms of the phrasal verbs in the box. break down come down to pick up pull up queue up turn out 1 They offered to give me a lift to the airport and collected me from the hotel at eight o’clock. 2 The bus stopped working on the way there so we were five hours late. 3 It was the New Year holiday, so I had to wait in a line for hours to get a train ticket. 4 I think the changes are basically because of two things: wealth and technology. 5 A car stopped by the side of the road and the driver asked us for directions. 6 I was worried because I’d never been abroad before, but everything was great in the end.

Write sentences using the phrasal verbs in the box. hang out lie around

Tell your stories to other people in your class. Vote on the best one. Explain why it is the best story.

Evaluating ideas and judging them against other perspectives helps to form a basis for developing your own point of view.

Work in pairs. Look at the photo on page 13 and discuss the questions. 8

Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 1 Which is the most important reason the author gives for the decline in hitchhiking? Do you agree? How important are the other reasons? 2 What comparison does the author provide from the website Wand’rly? Do you think it is a fair comparison? Why? / Why not? 3 How is the example of hitchhiking in Virginia different from other kinds? Does this make it safer? Why? / Why not? 4 Why do you think the author says he got a different perspective to other tourists? Do you think that is true? Do you think his perspective was better? Why? / Why not?

1.03 Read and listen to a text about hitchhiking and match these headings with the numbered paragraphs (1–6).

a Fear b More wealth c New needs and opportunities d Legal restrictions e Low-cost flights f Greater access to cars

where you are going why you are hitchhiking how you are feeling what happens next how the story ends

CRITICAL THINKING Evaluating ideas

READING 4

Work in pairs. Imagine you are standing at the side of a road trying to hitchhike. Tell your story. Before you do, talk and make notes about: • • • • •

look after step out

• What is happening? • Which of the phrasal verbs in Ex. 1 can you connect to the photo? Explain your choices.

Work in pairs. Which of these ideas does the author present? What evidence is given?

MY PERSPECTIVE 9

Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. • Do you think more hitchhiking is a good idea? What other reasons could there be for doing it? • How could you make hitchhiking safer?

12 Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism

Hitchbot, a hitchhiking robot, waits for a lift at the side of a road. Read more about Hitchbot on page 299.

Hitchhiking Where did all the hitchhikers go? I was driving along the other day, and I passed a man sticking his thumb out. He was asking for a lift. When we had gone past, my daughter, who is 15, asked me, 5 ‘What was that man doing?’ The question surprised me because hitchhiking used to be so common. I used to do it all the time when I was a student going home to visit friends, and I also spent one summer hitching around South America. Often when you went to some 10 hitching spots, you’d have to queue up behind several others already waiting for a lift – it was so popular. So what happened? Why is it so rare now? The authors of Freakonomics, Stephen Dubner and Steve Levitt, have also asked this question in one of their regular 15 podcasts and suggested it probably comes down to five main reasons.

a cheaper price and, what’s more, many more people have driving licences.

(4) In the past, young people simply couldn’t afford to fly long distances and travelling by train wasn’t necessarily much quicker than travelling by car. However, now we 40 have budget airlines, making air travel more accessible.

(5) Alongside that, people’s standard of living has increased and perhaps people opt for higher levels of comfort, privacy or reliability when they travel. 45

(6)

The trouble is that privacy comes at a cost. Levitt and Dubner state that in the USA, 80 percent of passenger space in cars is unused, which makes them more costly to operate and creates unnecessary traffic and (1) 50 pollution. The solution could be more hitchhiking! Several horror films have shown psychotic drivers who They give the example of a city in Virginia, where kidnap and murder the hitchhiker they pick up (or vice commuters have organized a spot where they meet to 20 versa), and this has been reinforced by certain stories in hitch a lift so drivers with no passengers can use fast the media of people getting robbed and being left in the lanes on the freeway that are reserved for cars that middle of nowhere. Unsurprisingly, this has caused trust 55 contain more than one person. to break down. Some people believe that the chances of these things happening are small. The website 25 Wand’rly, for example, suggests people are far more But what about general travel? I often argued with my likely to die by tripping and falling than hitchhiking. parents about the dangers of hitching, and I would tell (2) them about all the amazing experiences I’d had and There are more major roads now than there used to 60 the generous, interesting people I’d met. And I think be, and hitching is either banned or drivers are not it genuinely gave me a different perspective to other 30 allowed to pull up. travellers and tourists. But now I look at my daughter and I wonder about her going on a trip. Would I want (3) her to go hitchhiking? Alan Piskarsi, a transport expert, points to the fact that

Fresh fears

cars last longer so there are more of them available at

Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism

1C The Grand Tour Andrew Skurka’s longest ‘Grand Tour’ was 7,775 miles.

GRAMMAR Used to and would 1

Look at the grammar box. Match the structures (1–3) with the uses (a–c), based on the examples in bold. 1 Past simple a 2 used to, would, Past simple b 3 used to or Past simple c

to describe a past state over a period of time to describe individual past events and situations to describe a habit or regular action in the past

Used to and would Hitchhiking used to be so common. I used to do it all the time when I was a student going home to visit friends, and I also spent one summer hitching around South America. Often when you went to some hitching spots, you’d have to queue up behind several others already waiting for a lift – it was so popular. I often argued with my parents about the dangers of hitching, and I would tell them about all the amazing experiences I’d had. > Grammar reference & practice p. 298 2

Read about Grand Tours. Find out what they were and why people did them. Humans have always been travellers, moving out of Africa to all parts of the world in search of space, food and resources. But the idea of guided tourism for leisure and education (1) didn’t really start until the 17th century when the Grand Tour (2) began to be established. Young aristocrats* from different parts of the world (3) spent several months travelling around important sights in Europe after they had finished university. The Tour often (4) started in the Netherlands, where the tourists (5) hired a coach, servants and a tutor to show them the sights and teach them about what they saw. From the Netherlands, they went to Paris, where they (6) did a French language course before moving on to Switzerland and then crossing the Alps to Italy. After an extensive tour of Italy, they (7) went home directly, (8) travelled back to the Netherlands via Austria and Germany or (9) carried on south to Greece. The Grand Tour (10) played an important part in education and in spreading culture. The tourists would often bring back paintings and books which influenced artists in their own country. The Venezuelan Francisco de Miranda even (11) saw the beginnings of the French Revolution on his Grand Tour, which (12) led him to fight for independence for his country. aristocrat person belonging to a high class

Change the words in bold in Ex. 2 from the Past simple to used to or would + verb, where possible.

MY PERSPECTIVE 4

Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. • Do you think anyone does Grand Tours today? How are they similar / different to the Grand Tours you read about in Ex. 2? • Where would you go if you could do a Grand Tour over a few months? Why? Think about: – the sights you would visit. – the food you would eat. – the people you would meet.

14 Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism

PRONUNCIATION Elided ’d The contraction ’d can mean would or had. Sometimes the ’d can disappear in fast speech if it is followed by a hard consonant like t or d. 5

1.04 Listen to the sentences and write down what you hear. Check your answers with a partner and discuss which contractions are would and which are had. Then practise saying the sentences.

Read about Andrew Skurka. Decide if used to, would and the Past simple are used correctly (C) or incorrectly (I). Change the ones which are incorrect. Andrew Skurka is an ultra-hiker. Every year, he (1) used to go on hikes that are thousands of miles long, walking between 25 and 40 miles a day. One of his most amazing tours was circling the Arctic in 176 days. His boots (2) got very wet for 156 of those days and they (3) used to froze overnight. He (4) would then have to force his feet into the icy boots each morning. Unsurprisingly, he (5) didn’t use to see many people during his tours and once, he (6) would spend 24 days completely on his own. He’d sometimes (7) get depressed and (8) cried, but one day he came across a herd of caribou and it (9) used to change his perspective. He (10) realized he was very similar – just one more creature on Earth like them.

CHOOSE 7

Choose one of the following tasks. 1 Think about what your parents or grandparents did during their holidays when they were growing up. Write any similarities and differences compared to what you do during your holidays. 2 Work in groups. Share what you know about tourism in your country in the past compared to now. Talk about: • holiday resorts. • the kinds of people who visit / visited. • the kinds of holidays. • the number and length of holidays. • destinations people from your country visit / visited. 3 Work in pairs. Tell your partner about two of the following. • Something you used to believe and why you changed your mind. • Something you used to like doing and why you don’t like it or do it now. • Something you do now that you never used to do and why. • Someone you used to spend a lot of time with and what you would do.

In the past, only young aristocrats were able to visit classical sites such as the Pantheon in Rome, Italy.

Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism

1D How Airbnb designs for trust

“

We were aiming to build Olympic trust between people who had never met.

JOE GEBBIA

”

AUTHENTIC LISTENING SKILLS

WATCH

Reporting

When people tell stories, they often use present tenses to make events sound more immediate. They also often report what people said or what was going through their mind at the time as if they were speaking. 1

1.05 Look at the Authentic listening skills box. Listen and complete the extracts.

1 I make the mistake of asking him, ?’ ‘ 2 And I’m thinking, ?’ ‘ 3 And the voice in my head goes, ?’ ‘ 4 I’m staring at the ceiling, I’m thinking, ?’ ‘ 2

• Have you or your family ever asked for help from a stranger while on holiday? What happened? • Have you or someone in your family ever helped a stranger while on holiday? What happened? • Why might you trust / not trust a stranger? How do you decide who to trust for help or advice? 5

2 He decided to start his business because ___. a there weren’t many hotels in the city b he really needed somewhere to stay c it offered him an opportunity as a designer 3 The business wasn’t immediately successful because ___. a people didn’t trust Joe and his co-founder b the website wasn’t very well designed c it didn’t get any further investment

Work in pairs. Read the sentences below. Discuss what may have happened before somebody said each one.

16 Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism

Watch Part 1 of the talk. Choose the correct options. 1 From his meeting with the ‘Peace Corps guy’, Joe learns ___. a he should always have an airbed b he should start a hosting business c we should be less fearful of strangers

Look at your completed extracts in Ex. 1. What do you think happened before? What do you think will happen next?

1 So I’m thinking to myself, ‘What do I do now?’ 2 She looks at me and goes, ‘I’ve met you somewhere before.’ 3 The voice in my head says, ‘Don’t do it!’

Work in groups. Discuss the questions.

MY PERSPECTIVE 6

How can you make people feel they can trust each other more? Think of three ideas. Then share them with the class. Does anyone have the same ideas as you?

Watch Part 2 of the talk. Complete these notes.

• E xperiment – shows how host can feel = how business but guest can feel works. Well-designed reputation (review) system – . key to • •

must leave reviews before they are revealed.

= people stop worrying about differences (reputation beats similarity). and prompts = right amount of • honesty and sharing (disclosure). 8

Watch Part 3 of the talk. Then work in groups and summarize what Joe said using these ideas. What did you like about these ideas? • • • • • •

when trust works a man suffering a heart attack the sharing economy human connection Seoul, South Korea students and empty-nesters* empty-nesters families whose children have left home

Look back at your ideas in Ex. 6. Did Joe mention any of your ideas? Have any of them changed?

10 VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT

Watch the clips from the TED Talk. Choose the correct meanings of the words and phrases.

b Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. • What things can increase or reduce anxiety when travelling? • Have you ever met someone on holiday you got on with? Have you kept in touch? Why? / Why not? • Would you be up for doing any of these things on holiday? Why? / Why not? - rafting or bungee jumping - going to a disco - doing a guided tour of a museum - going camping • When did you last rush somewhere? Why? • Have you ever experienced anything that tripped you up? What? CHALLENGE Work in groups. Make a list of things you have which you could share with others either in your area or with people visiting you on holiday. Think about: • skills and abilities. • knowledge. • possessions that you do not use all the time. How could you share the things in your list in a way that people could trust and avoid danger?

Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism

1E Trip advice SPEAKING Useful Language Making suggestions If sports / sightseeing is their thing, then the best place to go is … If they want to experience a genuine local night out, I’d suggest trying … If they’re only staying here for a short while, they should probably … If you ask me, the one place they really have to go to is … Reacting to suggestions If they’d rather try something different, … might be worth a go. I wouldn’t bother going to … , personally. They’d be best (off) going to …

Work in pairs. Make a list of three places close to where you live that you would recommend to each of these groups of people. Think about places to stay, places to eat, places to shop, places to visit, etc. a couple in their 50s or 60s a father with a young teenage son a group of teenage friends a young married couple with a child

Compare your list with another pair of students. Make suggestions for the best places for each group of people. Use the Useful Language box to help you.

1.06 Put the sentences in the correct order to make a conversation between a local person and a guest. Then listen and check your answers.

a b c d e f g

Well, there’s a great steak place down by the river. I’m thinking of seeing some sights today. Can you recommend anywhere? In that case, you’d be best off going to Madragora – a nice little vegetarian place near the park. OK. Well, I’ll check that out this morning, then. And do you know anywhere good to have lunch? Great. Thanks for the tip. Oh, right. Well, actually, I don’t eat meat, so . . . Well, the Old Town is well worth a visit. There are some amazing buildings there.

MEDIATION

Tourists walk across the Perito Moreno Glacier in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina.

Work in pairs. You are going to roleplay two similar conversations to the one in Ex. 3. Underline phrases in Ex. 3 that you want to use for the following situations.

MEDIATING CONCEPTS Now imagine a conversation choosing one of these

places. Take turns being the local person and the guest.

Place to visit: cathedral (stunning architecture, unique and intricate design, and stained glass windows, gothic style) Place to eat: street food stalls (a great option for cheap and tasty meals, a variety of cuisines from tacos to burgers, and some local delicacies)

18 Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism

WRITING A review 6

Look at page 319 and read the four short online reviews. Decide what kind of place each review is about.

WRITING STRATEGIES Writing reviews

Work in pairs. Which reviewer

In reviews, it’s quite common to use a relative clause starting with which to add a comment about a whole sentence.

1 does not feel he / she got good value for money? 2 managed to negotiate a deal? 3 strongly recommends a place? 4 had to entertain himself / herself quite a lot? 5 complained? 6 had to wait far longer than he / she had been expecting to? 7 felt very comfortable where he / she was? 8 mentions local sights? 8

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

Look at page 319 again. Underline the sentences in the reviews that helped you answer the questions in Ex. 7.

WRITING SKILL Adding comments 9

Complete the short extracts from different reviews by adding the extra comments (a–d). 1 Great view of the sea from our room, but the hotel restaurant closed at nine, 2 We had an amazing time, but terrible weather on the day we left, 3 We complained about the room, so they offered us two full days in the spa, 4 The beach was a five-minute walk from the hotel, but so was the snake market, a b c d

which meant we were delayed for several hours. which was rather disappointing. which was a bit of a culture shock, to say the least. which was kind of them.

10 Choose one of these places and write a review. Plan what you want to

I was a bit far from my school, which wasn’t ideal. It does great breakfasts, lunches and snacks, which is perfect if you’re feeling hungry. Useful Language Introducing follow-up comments On top of that, … What’s more, … One other thing was the fact that … Recommending – and not recommending I can’t recommend it enough. It’s well worth a visit. It’s just not worth it. I’d give it a miss (if I were you).

say – and think of comments to add, as in Ex. 9. Use the Useful Language box to help you. • holiday destination • local café or restaurant • local tourist attraction • place you have stayed

Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism

2 The business

of technology

“

Virtual reality was once the dream of science fiction. But the Internet was also once a dream, and so were computers and smartphones. The future is coming. MARK ZUCKERBERG (cofounder of Facebook)

”

CLASS DISCUSSION • Have you ever tried using a virtual reality headset? If not, would you like to try? • What are the positive aspects and risks when using virtual reality? • What new inventions or technologies can we expect to see in the next 30 years?

IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL

Ø discuss young entrepreneurs Ø r ead about online scams

Ø learn how to be a responsible user of social media Ø persuade people to invest in a product

2A Young business VOCABULARY Setting up a new business 1

Look at the photo and read the caption. What does a VR headset allow the user to do? What are VR headsets used for in the entertainment business? In what other sectors might VR headsets be useful?

Work as a class. Discuss the questions. • • • •

What is the difference between an entrepreneur and a businessperson? What qualities and skills do you think you need to be an entrepreneur? How easy is it for young people to become businesspeople or entrepreneurs? Can you think of any young entrepreneurs? Who was the youngest? What was his or her business?

Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. • • • • •

How do people raise money for a business or a charity? Who might businesspeople negotiate with? What about? In what ways do businesses market products? What might a business or a person recover from? What are good and bad ways of handling pressure?

What skills do you need to start a new business? Choose the correct option (a–c) to complete each skill. 1

something new A negotiate B invent C redesign money from investors 2 A raise B lend C ask with suppliers to get the best deal 3 A handle B manage C negotiate the product in different countries 4 find partners to A send B distribute C deal from failure 5 have the confidence to A recover B repair C accept your product to increase sales 6 be good at A meeting B networking C marketing stress and pressure 7 be capable of A preparing B holding C handling a diverse range of people 8 be able to A deal with B talk C get on a team of people 9 A apply for B figure C put together in an impressive office 10 A live B be based C show MY PERSPECTIVE A young woman, wearing a virtual reality headset, and her colleague, using a digital tablet, are testing out this technology in the office.

Work in pairs. Decide on the three most important skills in Ex. 3 that make a new business a success. Can you think of any other skills?

Explain your choices in Ex. 5 to another pair of students. Do they agree? Why? / Why not?

Unit 2 The business of technology

LISTENING 7

1.07 Listen to a woman talking about entrepreneurs. Think about the questions and take notes.

1 How is being an entrepreneur changing? 2 According to the speaker, what is the most important aspect of being an entrepreneur? 8

1.07 Work in pairs. Discuss the sentences. Are they

true (T) or false (F)? Then listen again to check.

1 Nick D’Aloisio became a millionaire when he was 18. 2 Amanda Hocking didn’t go through a traditional publisher to market her books. 3 The speaker suggests that most investments from banks in the past went to older, wealthy businessmen. 4 D’Aloisio’s first investor chose him because he was young and had potential. 5 Kickstarter investors buy a share of the company. 6 Projects advertised on Kickstarter aim to make a profit. 7 The majority of Kickstarter projects get no investment. 8 Hocking is an example of recovering from failure. 9

Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1 How has the Internet changed entrepreneurship? 2 Do you think Kickstarter is a good idea? What might be the benefits and risks of raising money this way? 3 What do you think might be good or bad about being an entrepreneur?

22 Unit 2 The business of technology

GRAMMAR Present perfect forms and past simple 10 Look at the grammar box. Read the sentences (a–c).

Then answer the questions. 1 Which tense is each of the verb forms in bold? 2 Why do you think the different forms are used? Present perfect forms and Past simple

a D’Aloisio’s first investor contacted him by email from Hong Kong. b Kickstarter has been running for several years now. c Most successful entrepreneurs have failed at least once. > Grammar reference & practice p. 300 11 Based on your ideas in Ex. 9, complete the summary

using each of the forms.

The number of entrepreneurs (1) (grow) ever since the arrival of new technology and online services. This new technology (2) (reduce) the barriers that previously (3) (discourage) people from setting up a business.

12 Decide if the verbs in bold are in the correct forms.

Change the ones you think are incorrect.

Topher White is a young entrepreneur. At university he (1) trained as a physicist, but since 2012 he (2) ran a nonprofit company, Rainforest Connection, to help prevent the illegal practice of logging*. He (3) has invented a system using old mobile phones and solar power to hear the sound of saws and vehicles that illegal loggers use. The phones then send a warning to guards so they can stop the activity before it does too much damage. Topher first (4) has tested the system in Borneo, and in 2014, his Kickstarter campaign (5) has raised almost $170,000 to expand the company. Since then he’s (6) been working with groups such as the Tembe tribe in South America as well as with people in Africa and Indonesia to adapt the system to meet local needs. They successfully (7) detected a lot of illegal activity. The work Topher is doing is important because in some parts of the world they (8) have been losing ten percent of forest cover this century, and deforestation is one of the biggest contributors to climate change. logging cutting down trees

13 Complete the sentences so they are true for you.

1 I haven’t 2 3 I 4 I 5 The number of the last few years.

since . has been doing a lot better since . over the last five years. for the first time last year. has grown a lot over

MY PERSPECTIVE 14 Look again at the three most important skills you

listed in Ex. 5. Give examples of when you have demonstrated these skills. List any other qualities or ideas you have that show you would be a good entrepreneur.

15 Work in groups. Try to convince other students that

you would make the best entrepreneur. Use Present perfect forms and the Past simple. I’ve been running our school debating team for the last two years, so I believe that I can negotiate well with other people. I studied for nine exams last year, so I think I’m capable of handling stress and pressure.

Topher White attaches a Rainforest Connection listening device to a tree in the Amazon Rainforest in Brazil to help stop illegal logging.

Unit 2 The business of technology

2B Risky business READING 1

Complete the sentences with the pairs of words in the box. confirm + scam deleted + permission emails + filter inbox + attached infected + backups profile + edit social media + posting store + USB stick without my 1 Some of my posts were . I’ve no idea why! manage to 2 I can’t believe how many . get through my spam . He’s always 3 He’s very active on new updates and adding photos. very private, and I often go 4 I keep my things I’ve written. back and 5 This strange email just arrived in my to it, so I deleted it. with a file my bank 6 When they asked me to . details, I started to think it must be a all my documents in the cloud now 7 I . rather than use a a lot of my files and 8 I got a virus that . I didn’t have any

Work in pairs. How do you think the things in Ex. 1 might happen? Why might people do some of them? 1.08 Look at the infographic and read and listen to

the stories. Answer the questions.

1 What mistake did each person make? 2 What was the result of each mistake? 4

VOCABULARY BUILDING Adjective and noun collocations (1) When you learn adjectives, it is a good idea to remember the nouns that they describe. Sometimes the adjective is next to the noun; however, sometimes it appears later in the sentence. It’s a very user-friendly website with lots of functions and it is also very secure. 7

1 the normal 2 a second-hand 3 my personal 4 luxury 5 common 6 a distant 7 official 8 legal

MY PERSPECTIVE 6

Make a list of the different ways you could protect yourself from the same kinds of online crimes that Laura, Bruno and Janella encountered. Then work in pairs. Compare your lists. Did you come up with the same ideas?

24 Unit 2 The business of technology

hotels relative PlayStation documents fees price sense details

You will often see visuals and charts in newspapers, books and web posts to add information and support a written text. You need to check that these statistics are from a reliable source and interpret the data for yourself before you read. 8

Work in groups. Look at the cybercrime graphs on page 25. Discuss the questions. 1 Where does the data come from? Do you think this is a reliable source? 2 What crimes do the graphs focus on? What do you know about them? 3 What’s the most common crime? Why do you think that is? 4 Which age groups are least / most affected? Why do you think that is? 5 Do you think the statistics would be different for your country? Why? Do you know where to find them?

Work in pairs. Answer the questions.

Read the stories again to check your ideas in Ex. 4. Identify the parts that helped you decide.

a b c d e f g h

CRITICAL THINKING Interpreting data

1 Who didn’t realize they’d made a mistake for quite some time? 2 Who received several emails from the same person? 3 Who thought they had found a bargain? 4 Who was scared into responding too quickly? 5 Who accepted the blame for what happened? 6 Who didn’t read a product description carefully enough? 5

Match the adjectives with the nouns they are used with in the stories on page 25.

Work in groups. Discuss the questions. • Which of the three mistakes do you think is the most / least serious? Why? • Why do you think each person acted as they did? • What do you think each person did after realizing their mistake? • Have you heard any stories about similar mistakes? If so, what happened?

Online crime

Laura

One day last year, I got a call from what I thought was my bank. They said someone was trying to take money from my account without my permission and that they needed to confirm my personal details to stop it. I’ll be honest – I didn’t really understand what was going on and wanted to stop anything bad from happening, so I gave them my name and address and date of birth. I didn’t hear back, but a month later I got my credit card statement and found someone had spent over £11,000 on flights and luxury hotels!

The world becomes better connected every day. It’s now easier than ever to keep in touch with friends and family around the world. Online banking allows people to access their accounts from anywhere that has an Internet connection. People don’t even have to leave the house to go shopping! However, with greater connectivity comes greater risk. Every year, hundreds of thousands of people become victims of online crime. We asked our readers to share some of their terrible tech tales while we examine where the crimes originate.

Origin of crime: USA

Romania USA

West Africa

Bruno

I was surfing the web one day when I found a site selling Xboxes and PlayStations. I couldn’t believe how cheap they were. They had stuff on there for half the normal price! I clicked on one item and bought what was advertised as a ‘PlayStation 4 original box and receipt’. I assumed it was second-hand and, as it was only €150, I bought it without checking the details. You can imagine how I felt a few days later when the postman brought me just the box and the receipt!

Janella Looking back, it was my

own fault, but when I got an email saying a distant relative had died and left me millions of dollars, common sense went out of the window! It was from someone claiming to be a lawyer in West Africa. I know my dad’s side of the family had connections there, so I thought it must be true. They attached documents that looked official and kept writing, so eventually I sent them AUS $8,000 to pay the legal fees. Of course, it was a scam and I never heard from them again … or got my money back!

Origin of crime: Romania

Cybercrime by age (USA)

Cybercrime by type (USA)

Number of victims (thousands)

Origin of crime: West Africa

50 40 30 20 10 0 Under 20

20–29

30–39

40–49

50–59

Over 60

50 40 30 20 10 0 Auction fraud

Non-payment/ Non-delivery

Credit card fraud

Malware/ Scareware

Phishing

Identity theft

Source: U.S. Department of Justice / Federal Bureau of Investigation Statistics shown are for 2015.

Unit 2 The business of technology

2C What’s in a post? GRAMMAR Verb patterns -ing or infinitive with to 1

Work in pairs. Look at the grammar box. Which of these verbs can be followed by the -ing form? Which can be followed by the infinitive with to? admit agree arrange can’t stand consider decide delay enjoy expect finish hope intend mind miss offer plan practise promise recommend refuse Verb patterns (-ing or infinitive with to) When two verbs are used together, the second one often takes the -ing form or the infinitive with to. They attached documents that looked official and kept writing. Websites such as Kickstarter allow entrepreneurs to avoid selling part of their business to an investor. They needed to confirm my personal details.

Do you enjoy posting on social media?

Over half of the campaigns on Kickstarter don’t receive any funding because they fail to reach their set target.

Choose the correct options to complete the blog post. If you’re anything like most people, you probably enjoy (1) posting / to post on social media. Maybe you hope (2) creating / to create a particular kind of image of yourself, or intend (3) showing / to show others what good taste you have! You’re probably not planning (4) providing / to provide information that could be used against you in the future, but every time you post online or ‘like’ something, you’re agreeing (5) sharing / to share that personal information with the world! Most of us avoid (6) revealing / to reveal too much about ourselves face to face, but for some reason, we don’t mind (7) doing / to do this online! Everything you decide (8) making / to make public on the Internet helps to build a very detailed picture of who you are and what you believe – and we’re failing (9) understanding / to understand that this helps companies guess your age, gender, education, political views … and much more! Of course, most social media companies refuse (10) guaranteeing / to guarantee privacy for users. After all, we are their product. What they sell is the information we give them! Given this, I recommend (11) using / to use science to help us gain control over our data! Sites could warn us of the risks we are taking when we post certain kinds of information, for example. Failing that, of course, we could all just consider (12) posting / to post less!

Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. • • • •

26 Unit 2 The business of technology

How much do you think you reveal about yourself on social media? Why? What kinds of things do you post online? Why? Are you concerned about privacy online? Why? / Why not? What do you think social media sites do with the personal information they gather? How does this make you feel?

Complete the comments with the correct form of the verbs in the box.

Verbs with two objects

The indirect object is usually a person and the second, direct object is usually a thing. Can you email me your essays, please, instead of handing me them in class?

feel

have

hear

post

protect

quit

Some verbs can be followed by two objects.

spend

Posted 3 hours ago Eric Wong I can’t stand (1) like everything I do online is being used by someone. Really, we should social media! The only all promise (2) reason we don’t is because we’re too scared we’d from friends! miss (3)

anything a loan a new tablet permission the remote control

Posted 2 weeks ago Luisa Hernandez If you use social media, you should expect these experiences. Why should (4) our privacy? companies offer (5) They already provide us with free services. Surely that’s enough.

2 My dad bought birthday.

for my

3 If you’re under 20, it’s difficult to find a bank that’ll give to start a business. 4 By posting on their website, you’re basically giving to use your data. 5 If I were you, I wouldn’t tell He can’t keep a secret! 6 My sister and I cooked their wedding anniversary.

Work in groups. Do you agree with each of the comments in Ex. 4? Why? / Why not?

Write your own short response to the blog post in Ex. 2. Include two or more verbs from Ex. 1. Then share your comments in groups and see how much you agree with one another.

. for

> Grammar reference & practice p. 300

> Grammar reference & practice p. 300 Objects before -ing and to Some verbs always have an object before an -ing form or an infinitive with to. When they asked me to confirm my bank details, I started to think it must be a scam. Look at the grammar box. Complete the sentences so that they are true for you. Then explain your ideas to a partner. 1 My parents always expected me 2 In a few years’ time, I can see myself 3 If I could, I’d hire someone 4 We should do more to prevent people 5 I can still remember begging my parents

a special dinner

1 This programme is terrible. Let’s see what else is on. Pass me the remote control , please.

Posted a month ago Back to The Future The secret of being happy is to practise more patient! Delay (7) (6) until you’re sure you really want the world to have access to what you write – and arrange as much time offline as you can! (8)

Look at the grammar box. Complete the sentences with these direct objects. You will also have to add an indirect object. The first one has been done for you.

. . . . .

CHOOSE 9

Choose one of the following tasks. 1 Work in pairs. Write a blog post explaining best practices when it comes to using social media. Use as many of these phrases as you can. If I were you, I’d avoid … I’d strongly recommend … It’s best not to agree / arrange … Lots of people fail … You may want to prevent people … It’s sometimes good to ask friends … Don’t allow everyone … Think carefully before you tell … 2 Write a short story about someone who started a new business. Use at least five verbs from pages 21–27. 3 Work in groups. Search online for a story about someone who was a victim of cybercrime. Report what happened to another group. Use at least five verbs from pages 21–27.

> Grammar reference & practice p. 300

Unit 2 The business of technology

2D This is what happens when you reply to spam email

“

Crazy stuff happens when you start replying to scam emails.

”

JAMES VEITCH

AUTHENTIC LISTENING SKILLS

WATCH

Intonation and pitch

Work in groups. Decide what this email means and why it was written.

Watch Part 1 of the talk. Answer the questions.

When we are surprised or shocked by what someone says, we often repeat a key word, phrase or short sentence with a high pitch and a questioning intonation. We may then add a comment with a falling tone. 1

Look at the Authentic listening skills box. Work in pairs. Try practising the short exchange. A We can start with 50 kilograms as a trial shipment. B 50 kilograms? There’s no point doing this at all unless you’re shipping at least a metric tonne.

1.09 Listen to James and compare your intonation with his.

Work in pairs. Take turns responding to the comments using the same intonation pattern as James. 1 I got an email offering to distribute gold. 2 He’s 16 years old. 3 It cost ten dollars. 4 I’ve never watched Star Wars. 5 Her dad is the mayor of our city. 6 My bank called me and asked for my address.

28 Unit 2 The business of technology

1 How was ‘Solomon Odonkoh’ trying to make money? 2 Do you still have the same answer to Ex. 4? 6

Work in pairs. Put the sentences in the correct order. a I figured I had to knock it on the head. b On real estate, what about you? c Dude, you have to use the code! d I’m a hedge fund executive bank manager. e I have to go to bed now. f I could do what I think we’ve all always wanted to do. g If we’re going to do it, let’s go big. h I didn’t hear back. I thought, ‘I’ve gone too far.’

Watch Part 1 of the talk again to check your ideas in Ex. 6. Work in groups. Discuss why you think James Veitch replies to spam. Which of these points is he trying to make? a He replies to spam email when he is bored. b He suggests it is a good way to spend any spare time. c He replies to spam email to take up the time of the spammer. He suggests that this stops them from contacting other people. d He replies to spam email because he is interested in the financial benefits. He suggests that people can make money by doing business online.

Watch Part 2 of the talk. Check your ideas in Ex. 8. How effective do you think James’s approach is? Why?

Watch Part 3 of the talk. How are the emails James receives from ‘Solomon Odonkoh’ and the emails he receives this time similar?

11 VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT

Watch the clips from the TED Talk. Choose the correct meanings of the words and phrases.

b Work in pairs. Tell your partner about: • something or someone who turned up unexpectedly. • a situation that got out of hand / went too far. • something or someone that / who intrigues you. • something you had to knock on the head. MY PERSPECTIVE 12 Work in pairs. Come up with five different ways to deal

with Internet scams. Then discuss which ones are most relevant to these groups of people. Explain your reasons.

• elderly people • people who enjoy playing video games • people who do a lot of online shopping CHALLENGE Work in groups. Design a questionnaire to find out about people’s experiences of internet scams. You should find out how much is already known and what, if anything, people are doing to reduce the risks. You will need at least ten questions.

Unit 2 The business of technology

2E Investment opportunity SPEAKING STRATEGY Persuading When we are persuading people, we sometimes turn our own experiences and opinions into a negative question to challenge the other person’s ideas. I think it will lose money. Don’t you think it’ll lose money? I’d find it really useful. Wouldn’t you find it really useful? I have sometimes had that problem. Haven’t you ever had that problem?

SPEAKING 1

Work in groups. Discuss the questions. • Are there any TV programmes about business or selling products in your country? Do you watch them? Why? / Why not? • Would you be good at selling a product? Why? / Why not? • Have you ever had to present something in front of people? What did you present? Was the presentation successful? Why? / Why not?

Work in pairs. Read about the Kickstarter project. One person should think of reasons to invest and one person should think of reasons not to invest. Then discuss your reasons and try to persuade each other. mXers was set up by high school student Bharat Pulgam. He has invented new earphones that allow you to easily replace the different parts that can break so you don’t have to buy a whole new set. They also allow you to customize your earphones for an individual look. mXers needs money to develop the product and start production.

Make negative questions from these sentences. Which negative questions could you use to support your reasons in Ex. 2? Why? 1 It’d be good to have something like that. 2 I think it’s a bad idea to give money to strangers online. 3 There’s something similar to that already. 4 I have sometimes wished I could do that. 5 I would be happy to pay a bit extra to help.

PRONUNCIATION Intonation for persuasion 4

A woman harvests cocoa in Ghana for Fairafric.

30 Unit 2 The business of technology

1.10 Listen to the negative questions and notice the intonation. Practise saying the negative questions.

Work in pairs. Read about two other Kickstarter projects. Choose one each and try to persuade each other to invest. The Possible Project is an after-school programme that teaches teenagers, mainly from low-income families, the skills to be entrepreneurs. The project has been running for several years and has trained over 250 students. The team wants to raise money for a laser cutter so that students can make more varied products quickly. Hendrik Reimers is a German chocolate maker. He has set up a chocolatemaking company, Fairafric, in Ghana. By producing the chocolate bars in their own country rather than only exporting cocoa beans, people in Ghana can earn over 25 percent more – even compared to fair trade chocolate. The money raised will help fund production, packaging, shipping and distribution.

WRITING A persuasive article 6

Read the short article on page 319 and find out what the aim of the article is, what the nightmare is, what the business is.

Useful Language Getting people’s attention Have you ever wanted to …? Well, now you could have the opportunity. Have you ever wondered …? Well, now scientists have discovered the answer. Have you ever dreamed of …? Well, that’s exactly what happened to …! Have you ever …? Well, all that could be a thing of the past thanks to …. Do you think …? Well, think again!

MEDIATION 7

MEDIATING TEXTS Read the short article on page 319, then write a summary of it in about 65 words. Your summary should include the following information: • age and origin of entrepreneur • reason for Kickstarter campaign and amount required • idea developed and its function • good reasons for supporting this entrepreneur

WRITING SKILL Getting people’s attention 8

Work in pairs. Look at the article again and answer the questions. 1 How does the article grab your attention? 2 How does the article try to persuade you to continue reading? 3 Where does the factual information come from? 4 What is the purpose of the final paragraph and how does it relate to the introduction?

Would you invest in the i-save? Why? / Why not?

10 Using the product you chose in Ex. 5, a product you have heard about recently or something you have invented

yourself, write an article to explain the product and encourage people to invest or find out more about it.

11 Work in groups. Share your article. People in your group should ask you some questions or write some comments

about it.

Unit 2 The business of technology

PERSPECTIVES UPPER INTERMEDIATE Kerry MAXWELL

Workbook Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism ...................................................................................................................................................................... p. 162 - Ted Talks ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 170 - Revision ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 173 Unit 2 The business of technology ............................................................................................................................................................... p. 174 - Ted Talks ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 182 - Revision ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 185 Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger ......................................................................................................................................................................... p. 186 - Ted Talks ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 194 - Revision ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 197 Unit 4 Cultural transformation ........................................................................................................................................................................ p. 198 - Ted Talks ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 206 - Revision ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 209 Unit 5 It’s not rocket science ............................................................................................................................................................................ p. 210 - Ted Talks ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 218 - Revision ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 221 Unit 6 Adapt to survive ....................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 222 - Ted Talks ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 230 - Revision ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 233 Unit 7 Outside the box ........................................................................................................................................................................................ p. 234 - Ted Talks ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 242 - Revision ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 245 Unit 8 Common ground ...................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 246 - Ted Talks ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 254 - Revision ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 257 Unit 9 Lend a helping hand .............................................................................................................................................................................. p. 258 - Ted Talks ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 266 - Revision ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 269 Unit 10 Life changing .............................................................................................................................................................................................. p. 270 - Ted Talks ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 278 - Revision ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 281

1 Travel, trust and tourism 1A Cultural exchange VOCABULARY Experiences abroad 1

5 Travellers who are outgoing often hang out with the local people. 6 Don’t wear any expensive jewellery because you might get robbed. 7 Ignacio likes to travel so he can lie around the house all day. 8 Liu didn’t find the people very welcoming and made lots of new friends.

Revision Complete the table with the words in the box. a bike ride a taxi a trip my bus my train two hours university work get to

go for 4

take

catch

Revision Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1 I got a huge culture the first time I visited Asia. A scare C fear B shock D clash 2 There wasn’t enough time to get a real place. A look C feel B sight D emotion

for the

3 She always tries to get off the beaten the tourists. A path C street B road D walk

to escape

backpacking commute cruise destination flight lift route voyage

4 We got A theft B robbed

1 Tim Peake went on a long into space. 2 We need to take a different because there’s been an accident. to work by car. 3 Most people . 4 You have reached your to work, 5 Could you give me a please? ship. 6 They’re travelling on a around 7 It was cheap to go Australia. gets to the airport at 8 The earlier 7:00 p.m.

5 Did you hang A out B up

with any local people? C in D by

6 I’d prefer to be not have a guide. A used B found

to my own devices on holiday and

Read the sentences. Are they logical (L) or illogical (I)? 1 Let’s go to all the major sites tomorrow – I want to get off the beaten path! 2 I love having a host family stay with me. 3 She won’t try street food because she’s afraid she’ll get food poisoning. 4 Yumi lost weight in Russia because it took a while to get used to the food.

162 Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism

outside the hotel. C taken D stolen

C taken D left

Match the two parts of the sentences.

Cross out the mistake in each sentence and write the correct sentence. 1 We stayed with a B&B. 2 It took a while to get using to the food. 3 I found the people really welcome. 4 She got food poisoned. 5 We were left to his own devices. 6 They saw all the sight.

1 I don’t find the locals 2 I’ve never got food 3 It’s relaxing to lie 4 The children quickly got used 5 We’re staying in 6 I want to see 6

a b

poisoning. around the house all day. all the sights tomorrow. the same B&B. very welcoming. to the different food.

c d e f

Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box. be find get go lie stay 1 I don’t want to 2 We’re going to family. 3 Let’s 4 We’ll probably beach most of the week. 5 Did you 6 Do you want to own devices?

food poisoning. with a host hiking in the mountains. around on the the locals welcoming? left to your

7 Have you ever got a culture shocking? 8 They were robbery the first night. 8

Extension Complete the sentences with the words in the box. amenities availability down time excursion overbooked secluded tourist traps wander 1 After visiting Cuzco, we went on an amazing to Machu Picchu. part of 2 The resort was in a very the island. It had its own beach! 3 When we got to the hostel, they didn’t have any . All the beds were taken. 4 What do you like to do when you have ? 5 He’s happiest when he’s left to his own devices to around the city. but no one 6 The flight was wanted to give up their seat. you 7 The new hotel has all the want – wi-fi, large flat-screen television, an excellent restaurant. 8 The guide advised us that the shops on the waterfront . are

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PRONUNCIATION 9

01 Listen to the sentences. Does the ‘d contraction you hear represent would or had?

1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 a 6 a 7 a 8 a

would would would would would would would would

b b b b b b b b

1 Why was the Taj Mahal built? A as a resting place for a princess B to attract foreign visitors and boost the economy C to hold many of India’s finest art masterpieces 2 What city is the closest to the Taj Mahal? A Delhi B Agra C Mumbai 3 What was the original colour of the building? A brown B yellow C white 4 How many countries participated in the research? A1 B2 C3 5 What is an example of a fossil fuel? A oil B animal waste C wood 6 What is Mike Bergen’s job title? A architectural engineer B environmental engineer C air quality engineer 7 What kind of fuel did Agra switch many trucks to? A propane B diesel C natural gas

had had had had had had had had

LISTENING 10

02 Listen to a short environmental report about the Taj Mahal in India. Match the two parts of the phrasal verbs that you hear. Then practise saying the verbs.

1 pass 2 given 3 took 4 carried 5 stirred 6 came 7 deal 8 looking 11

a b c d e f g h

out after up with away on up out

Listen to the report again. Are the statements true (T) or false (F)? Practise saying the true statements. 02

1 The Taj Mahal is a tomb for Princess Mumtaz Mahal. 2 The princess died having her fourth child. 3 The Taj Mahal is made of white ivory. 4 The appearance of the building has changed over time. 5 Scientists were able to work out the likely cause of the discolouration. 6 Human activity has created problems for the building. 7 Mike Bergin is a well-known architect. 8 The government in Agra acted to help reduce air pollution. 164 Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism

Choose the correct options. Listen again if necessary. 02

Complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. Listen again if necessary. 02

1 The Taj Mahal is the of Princess Mumtaz Mahal. 2 The building was constructed with 3 The been growing rapidly. 4 The Taj Mahal’s marble began to

marble. of Agra has

. 5 Research found two likely causes of the discolouration: . 6 The research findings were discussed in the Indian . 7 People in Agra have started using to cook with.

GRAMMAR Present and past forms 14 Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences. Some

sentences have more than one possible correct answer. There are two sentences that are correct.

1 While we were waiting for the bus, I was seeing a poster for tours at the art museum.

9 Chen (hike) for eight hours (find) a suitable place before he to set up his tent. (buy) some more 10 Emma souvenirs while her boyfriend (wait) for his mobile to charge. 16 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences

and questions.

2 Melissa wanted to explore the city centre while it didn’t rain.

1 ever / Jasmin / abroad / has / travelled

3 Enzo shared his photos from Singapore; he was hoping to make his friends jealous.

2 to spend / in / semester / was / Ravi / this / Bologna / planning

4 Luis and I were stared at the painting for ten minutes, but we never figured out what it was. 5 Ana was suffering from culture shock because she was being away from home for the first time. 6 The manager offered me a discount when I called to purchase my ticket. 7 While Eva and Eduardo were hanging out at the café, Lucas and Rafael were checked the train timetable. 8 We listen to the tour guide’s explanation, but my parents were buying postcards.

? 3 is / has / he / Nico / never / scared of / been / because / surfing / the sea . 4 very / with / has / food / Kari / poisoning / been / sick . 5 for / Valparaiso / a / you / get / feel / real / did ? 6 happy / devices / to / to / own / her / left / Akita / wasn’t / been / have . 7 wanting / Minjoo / Sydney / years / to / for / visit / been / had . 17 Write a sentence about something you are doing, were

doing or had done at the following times.

15 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the

verbs in brackets.

1 Giovanni many years before he Canada last month. 2 Before we

(study) English for (move) to

(realize) it, Salma (rush) to the front of the queue and bought our tickets. (read) yet another 3 Ali guidebook about New Zealand because she really (want) to visit Auckland next year. (take) a 4 Because Amelia (know) photography course, she exactly which camera to take on her last trip. (visit) the castle, Paul 5 Before he (already / read) several books about its history. Mary 6 (know) that there are three levels in that car park? (tour) the 7 Before Jakob (get) a real feel for museum, he Athens from walking round its markets. (examine) the painting 8 Julia with great interest because she (study) art history at university many years before.

1 1st January 2 last weekend 3 last summer 4 10:30 this morning 5 9:00 last night 6 right now

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1B A place to stay VOCABULARY BUILDING Phrasal verbs 1

Put the words in the correct order to make sentences and questions.

1 A hotel owner should charge enough for rooms to cover the costs of running the hotel. 2 Customers who pay more for rooms will be less concerned about service. 3 Offering the right special services to customers can bring more business to a hotel. 4 The Philippines offers the best diving in Asia. 5 Opening a new hotel can help people living in the local community.

1 you / make sure / look / your / sister / after / the / at / pool 2 queue / where / we / up / to / get / do / tickets / train 3 close / to / were / when / down / broke / Las Vegas / we / car / the 4 hanging / park / at / the / out / amusement / is / fun / lots of 5 up / where / drivers / pull / on / road / this / can 6 for / enough / whether / it / to / down / trip / comes / have / I / money / the 7 airport / the / who / going / is / to / up / him / pick / from

Do the statements below match the information in the article? Is the information true (T), false (F) or not given (NG)?

. ?

. .

Find a word from the article that matches each definition. 1 something that doesn’t succeed 2 to charge less than something is worth

READING 2

03 Read and listen to the article. Sentences (a–g) below have been removed from the article. Decide which sentence belongs in each gap (1–6). One sentence is extra. a Along these lines, you need to decide what type of lodging you are going to offer. b Make sure you plan your business with your customer in mind. c An empty hotel will not stay in business for long. d Why do people visit this community, and how can your hotel become a part of it? e How can your hotel make more money than you spend? f Have you dreamed of opening a hotel of your own somewhere beautiful? g Next, you need to decide what services your hotel will offer.

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3 an amount of money that is charged 4 a short pleasure trip 5 the feeling of a place

Living the dream

you ever visited a hotel or B&B so peaceful that 1 Have you thought about never leaving? (1) ____ You are not

alone. Most people have a fantasy of escaping their daily life for a new and exciting adventure, but a few people 5 actually do it. So what does it take to start a small hotel or a B&B? What separates success stories from failures?

you have to choose a location that will attract 2 First, plenty of guests. (2) ____ Additionally, those guests

need to be willing to pay enough money for their rooms to cover the hotel’s costs. Some new hotel owners underprice their rooms, or they open their hotel in a place so far off the beaten track that tourists won’t spend enough on lodging to keep the hotel open. Often a hotel’s success comes down to being in the right 15 location. 10

you have a luxury resort charging high 3 (3)prices____or aWillrelaxing hostel where travellers can meet and make friends? (4) ____ For example, travellers paying expensive room rates will expect the highest quality 20 service, while those looking for an informal experience will be more satisfied by a friendly atmosphere than by expensive sheets. Give your customers what they want, and they will come back again and again.

____ Will you have a restaurant? Will you offer 4 (5)excursions like snorkelling trips or guided tours? If so, 25

these services will cost money, and you need to make sure you charge enough to cover the expense. On the other hand, special services can be a major attraction for tourists. When Gabrielle and Matthew Holder left the UK 30 for the Philippines to open their own resort, they chose a site where the diving is fantastic. Tourists travel from around the world to dive in this part of the Philippines, and they are attracted to a resort that offers organized diving tours.

consider the community you are opening your 5 Finally, hotel in. (6) ____ Jonathan Baldrey spent three years 35

renovating his hotel in Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic to reflect the neighbourhood’s fascinating history. Now it appeals to travellers who want to get a 40 sense of the Dominican Republic’s culture when they visit.

your dream is to own a luxury hotel or to open 6 Whether a peaceful B&B where you can meet and entertain guests from all over the world, the recipe for success is 45 the same. Do your research, pick the perfect location, work out pricing and costs, and offer the right services and atmosphere for your customers. Do these things, and you too could be living your dream! Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism

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1C On the road GRAMMAR Used to and would 1

Choices and choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

but she used to speak Malayalam my mother used to live on Kakkathuruthu she used to paint pictures used to love eating curries made with coconut and cinnamon would light lamps and fish in the lagoons would wear beautiful saris

1 I to go to Namibia to visit my family every December. A would C use B used D has get ready to leave for Namibia, my 2 When family would remind me to prepare for the heat – temperatures in northern Namibia can reach 50 degrees Celsius! A I’d C I use B I used D I had go 3 When we finally got to Namibia, sometimes climbing on the Brandberg Mountain. A we had C we used B we use D we’d 4

Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box. Use correct capitalization as necessary.

admire Brandberg’s ancient rock paintings. A We had C We used B We use D We’d

5 I to stand for hours and study the ancient artwork. A would C use B used D has to 6 Bushman/San hunter gatherers, people who live in the area more than 2,000 years ago, made this incredible art. A would C use B used D has

1 When she was a girl, , a tiny island in Kerala (a state in southern India). 2 My mother speaks mostly English now,

make images of things from their everyday 7 They life, for example, the jewellery they wore and the animals they must have seen such as giraffes, elephants and snakes. A would C use B used D has to imagine a hunter hiding out in the very caves 8 I I was visiting, painting the scenes I was seeing so many years later. A would C use B used D has

with her family and friends.

of the many beautiful flowers around her home, such as purple water hyacinths drifting on the lakes. , 4 My mother served on banana leaves. 5 On Kakkathuruthu, my grandmother and her friends when they went to the market. 6 At night, fishermen . 3

04 Listen and choose the correct full form for the contracted ’d form you hear.

1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 a 6 a 168 Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism

They would She would I would we would he would I would

b b b b b b

They had he had I had we had he had I had

Choose the correct option to complete the text. I live in Vermont, in the US, and, when I was younger, I (1) used to help / used to helping my parents make maple syrup every spring. We (2) used to love / would love to pouring the sweet, sticky syrup on everything from pancakes and waffles to ice cream! But making the syrup (3) would took / took a lot of work. The cold nights and warm days of spring got the maple trees ready to provide the sap (a thin, sugary liquid stored inside the trees) that we (4) collected / use to collect to make our syrup. To start, we (5) would pull on / used pull on our snow boots and warm jackets. Then we (6) would go / used to outside and make holes in the trees about an inch deep. Next, (7) we had hang / we’d hang buckets on the trees to collect the sap that would drip out of the holes. My grandparents used to have horses to pull the wagon holding the buckets from tree to tree, but we used a tractor. Once we had all the sap gathered, we (8) would boil / would boiled it for hours and hours in a special building called a sugarhouse until it (9) was / used to sweet, sticky and golden – it took about 35 gallons of sap to make one gallon of syrup! I (10) never use to think / used to think the sugarhouse was like a sauna, with all the heat and steam. Every year, when the syrup (11) use to be / was ready, we used to have a big party for all our friends to share the first batch.

Read the letter Petra wrote to her grandfather when she studied in Croatia several years ago. Then write about Petra using would and used to. 19th March, 2015 Dear Grandpa, I love being an exchange student in Croatia! There’s so much going on. Every day before class, I meet my friend Lorena for coffee. Then I ride my bike to school, while Lorena goes to her job at the hospital. On Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, I study English and chemistry. On Tuesdays and Thursdays, it’s maths and history. I study every night at the library, but I never study at the weekend. At the weekend, I like to hang out with my friends – sometimes we go snorkelling or hiking. Last weekend, we went to see the ancient city walls in Dubrovnik. And next weekend, I think we’re going to Lokrum, a beautiful island with amazing forests. In your last letter, you asked if I’d been going out to listen to music. Well, my friends and I don’t go to concerts because they’re too expensive. We usually just enjoy streaming music at home. Love, Petra

Put the words in the correct order to make sentences and questions. Use the correct verb form. 1 use / called / be / Constantinople / Istanbul / to Istanbul used to be called Constantinople . 2 on / you / post / a / social media / lot / of / to / use / do / photos ? 3 do not / cream / we / to / ice / after / school / use / get . 4 the / I / TV / would / all / time / watch . 5 space / use / think / couldn’t / people / to / everybody / go / into . 6 I / to / lot / read / a / of / novels / mystery / use . 7 use / we / holidays / skiing / never / to / go / on . 8 hair / your / be / use / did / to / blond ?

While studying in Croatia in 2015 … 1 every day before class. 2 bike to school. 3 On Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, . 4 on Tuesdays and Thursdays. 5 at the library. 6 at the weekend. 7 hang out with her friends at the weekend. 8 because they were too expensive. Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism

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1D How Airbnb designs for trust 4

AUTHENTIC LISTENING SKILLS 1

This information comes in two forms: information the host shares about themselves and customer reviews.

Listen and complete the extract with the words you hear. 05

Joe Gebbia argues that design is able to change the way people relate to one another. (a) By creating hidden guidelines for users, such as the size of a response box, the website encourages people to share just enough information about themselves to create trust, but not so much that people become frightened. (b) Gebbia recognizes that people don’t naturally trust strangers and need to learn more about them before opening their homes. (c) Gebbia had to experiment with the review process before arriving at the current format, but he learned that the best approach was to wait until both host and guest had written their reviews before the reviews are revealed. (d) This way, reviewers are not biased by what the other person has written and give more honest feedback.

(1) the day after graduating from having a design school and (2) up in yard sale. And this guy (3) looking this red Mazda and he (4) a through my stuff. And he (5) piece of art that I made. And it turns out alone in town for the night, (6) driving cross-country on a road trip before he goes into the Peace Corps.

WATCH 2

Put the statements (a–f) about Joe’s life in the correct order. a b c d e f

J oe and Brian build a website and launch their business, Airbed and Breakfast. Now, 785,000 people in 191 countries use Airbnb each day. Joe moves to San Francisco and, after two years, is unemployed. Joe learns that online reviews help to build trust and reduce social bias. Joe suggests to his roommate, Brian, that they host people in their home during a major design conference. Joe hosts his first house guest shortly after finishing design school.

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. 1 Joe had / used to have a yard sale when he finished design school. 2 The “Peace Corps guy” would buy / bought a piece of art from Joe. 3 Joe and Brian used to be / would be roommates in San Francisco. 4 On the old website, people didn’t use to write / would write negative reviews. 5 In the early days, Joe would take / had taken the customer service calls himself. 6 One time, some hosts used to take / took their guest to the hospital when he had a heart attack. 7 According to Joe, good design has helped / used to help people to overcome their biases.

170 Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism

Read the sentence and paragraph below. Look at the places in the paragraph marked by (a), (b), (c) and (d). In which place could the sentence be added to the paragraph? Choose (a), (b), (c) or (d).

VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT 5

Read the sentences (1-6) and match the meaning of the words in bold to the words (a-f). a b c d e f

keep in touch broke rush anxiety up for it trip up

1 Mark gets so nervous when he travels that he has difficulty sleeping. 2 Leticia didn’t notice how much money she had been spending until she saw a zero balance in her bank account. 3 When So-Jin first started studying English, the different accents she heard really confused her. 4 My uncle didn’t wake up when his alarm rang, and he had to hurry to get to his appointment on time. 5 My cousins and I don’t live in the same city, but we make sure to call each other every week to see how things are going. 6 I wanted to see the new movie last night, so I called my friends to see if they were interested in joining me.

1E Trip advice SPEAKING

Useful Language Making suggestions If sports / sightseeing is their thing, then the best place to go is … If they want to experience a genuine local night out, I’d suggest trying … If they’re only staying here for a short while, they should probably … If you ask me, the one place they really have to go to is … Reacting to suggestions If they’d rather try something different, … might be worth a go.

a b

I wouldn’t bother going to … , personally. They’d be best (off) going to … 1

Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box. Then listen to check your answers. 06

a short while be best (off) ’d suggest trying experience a genuine rather try something ’s their thing the best place the one place they should probably worth a go wouldn’t bother going you ask me , If sightseeing (1) then (2) to go’s the old town. If they want to local night out, (3) the Volks I (4) tavern. If they’re only staying here for , (5) see the castle. (6) , If (7) they (8) really have to go to is the beach. If they’d different, Camden (9) . Market might be (10) to the TV tower, I (11) personally. They’d (12) going to the aquarium.

07 Match the beginnings (1–8) with the endings (a–h) to make recommendations from a TV travel programme about Barcelona. Then listen and check your answers. Barcelona truly is one of the world’s best-loved destinations. 1 If you’re only staying here for a short while, 2 And if you ask me, the one place you really have to go to is the Sagrada Familia. 3 If you’d rather try something outside, 4 If sport’s your thing, then 5 Barcelona is famous for its cuisine, but if you want to buy some fresh food, 6 You’d be best off going to La Boqueria, 7 If you want to experience a genuine local night out, 8 Then, head down La Rambla to the Plaça Reial to enjoy some more amazing tapas in one of the many small and friendly cafes,

e f g h

before finding a club to dance the night away. I wouldn’t bother going to the supermarkets, personally. I’d suggest starting with some traditional tapas in a restaurant in the Raval district. one of the last covered markets in Europe, and sampling the wonderful range of food and drink on offer. Park Guell will definitely be worth a visit. This sculpted garden is a favourite with locals and tourists alike. the best place to go is the Olympic stadium. Home to the 1992 Games, this beautiful stadium also has great views over the city. The nature-inspired cathedral designed by Antoni Gaudi is still being built more than 135 years later. you should probably hop on the Bus Turistic and see all the most famous attractions from an open-top double-decker bus.

Some friends from another country are coming to visit your city. Make notes on the best advice and recommendations you can give them for what to do in the area. Use the Useful Language box.

08 Listen to a conversation between a student and a school counsellor. Make notes on how you would briefly summarize the issue the two speakers are discussing. Then add notes about which solution you recommend and give reasons to explain why. Speak for one minute and record yourself. 09 Then listen to the sample answer.

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WRITING A review 5

Read the extracts from all four reviews. Then give each one a different star-rating, from one () to four () stars. 1 The outdoor market was one of the highlights of the trip. We enjoyed browsing the stalls and looking at all the local goods and crafts. Unfortunately, they charge higher prices to tourists, but I imagine that happens everywhere. It’s still a good place to buy souvenirs, and well worth a visit.  2 The dining area was too dark, and the service was terrible. Our food took a long time to arrive, and when it did, the wrong dish was served to my sister. Also, everything was cold and poorly presented. What’s more, it was expensive! I’d definitely give this restaurant a miss if I were you.  3 The walking tour of the city was a bit disappointing. It was advertised as a one-hour event but it finished after 45 minutes, which was surprising. Some of the sights were cool, but the tour guide didn’t really give us much information about them. For €10, it’s just not worth it.  4 The three-day art course was the best thing I did all summer! The teacher was excellent and encouraged us all to try new art styles and techniques. I can’t believe how much I learned in just a few days. Doing this course gave me so much confidence. I can’t recommend it enough. 

many activities as you want every day. we met lots of people from (7) different countries. We became really good friends with . some of them, which was (8) If you like doing outdoor activities and meeting new Adventurepeople, you’ll (9) it enough! Break. I can’t (10) —Javier Sánchez, Spain 7

1 Adventure-Break is suitable for people who enjoy doing sports. 2 Javier and his friends went on an Adventure-Break last year. 3 Most of the activities are done outside. 4 Javier tells us that the Adventure-Break was unforgettable. 5 People going on Adventure-Breaks have to find and arrange their own accommodation. 6 Adventure-Break participants take turns cooking for each other. 7 Javier was impressed with the guides. 8 There is no daily limit to the number of activities participants can sign up for. 9 Adventure-Break is only available to people from Spain. 10 Overall, Javier gives the experience a very positive review.

Complete the review with the words and phrases in the box. arranged enjoyed fun love On top of that One other thing was that recommend special what’s more which Adventure-Break is an organized holiday in Scotland which offers a range of adventure sports and other activities. Two of my friends and I booked an AdventureBreak last month. In the beautiful and wild Scottish a variety of countryside, we (1) outdoor pursuits, including canoeing, mountain biking, hiking and even sea kayaking. It was a memorable experience for all the best reasons! What I particularly for like is that everything is (2) is very convenient. You you, (3) choose your accommodation in advance – camping or staying in a chalet – and the adventure starts as soon , they have as you arrive. (4) their own chefs who cook the most delicious meals for everyone. The guides do everything they can to make sure you , enjoy your holiday and, (5) . You can do as they’re great (6)

172 Unit 1 Travel, trust and tourism

Read Javier’s review again. Are these statements true (T) or false (F)?

You see this announcement in a travel magazine. Travel reviews wanted Have you taken a holiday to a place you found particularly impressive or disappointing? Write us a review saying where you went and explain why. Tell us whether or not you would recommend this place to others. The best reviews will be published in next month’s travel magazine. Write your review. ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________

Revision 1

Choose the correct options to complete the email.

1 Every day – well, most days! – 2 Because I have a meeting tomorrow, 3 Yesterday 4 My leg hurt while 5 By the time my older brother got home, 6 When my friend started coming with me to work out, 7 When I had classes in the afternoon,

Hi Yumi, We’ve just got back! At first, we stayed in a (1) . my It was in the mountains, and the view (2) in the first week, mind. However, I got food (3) with so we looked for somewhere else to (4) camping – then I’ll Airbnb. Next year, I’m (5) track more and get a be able to get off the (6) better feel for the place.

a b c d e f g

Best, Tania 1 A B&A 2 A blew 3 A poison 4 A lie around 5 A being 6 A beat 2

B B&B B rushed B poisoner B stay B doing B beating

C A&B C shocked C poisoned C live C going C beats

Match the two parts of the sentences.

D B&C D left D poisoning D hang out D getting D beaten

Complete the words in the sentences. Some of the letters are given for you.

I’d come back from the gym. I would go to the gym in the morning. I’d already been going to the gym for a while. I go to the gym. I was running at the gym. I’m going to the gym today. I went to the gym.

Decide if the words in bold are correct or incorrect. Change the sentences which are incorrect. 1 When I lived in Costa Rica, I would go jogging every morning before breakfast. 2 Did you used to eat beans for breakfast? 3 I would to want to study abroad.

1 It was a real c t shock at first. 2 The locals were so friendly and c . w in the first few 3 They saw most of the s days. 4 Sitting by the plane window reduces my . a after the 5 It’s a pity that we didn’t keep in t holiday.

5 My grandmother used tell me stories about when she was growing up in Shanghai. 6 Did you use to ride your bike to school?

Put the words in the correct order to make questions.

8 He doesn’t used to usually study at the library.

4 She didn’t would to have short hair.

7 I never use to eat a lot of sugary snacks.

1 your / package / Jamaica / tour / meals / did / in / include 2 about / long / how / at the end of the road / they / known / the private beach / have 3 rented / who / to / beach / house / their / you

? ?

? 4 lunch / where / guide / us / the / after / meet / telling / is / to ? 5 taken / climb / souvenirs / have / what / as / their / of / trekkers ?

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2 The business of technology 2A On the job VOCABULARY Setting up a new business 1

Revision Cross out the mistake in each sentence and write the correct word.

Do you connect these activities more with people or with products? Complete the table. distribute invent market meet negotiate network

1 She is in charge for the marketing team. People

Products

2 I work on the construction industry. 3 The job market is very competition. 4 I’m looking for a fully-time job. 5 Cleaning is not a very well-paying job. 6 He’s responsible at sales. 7 Farming is a physically demanded job. 8 Doctors have to work extremely long hour. 2

Revision Complete the sentences with the words in the box. badly charge flexible industry part-time prospects responsible stressful for the advertising? 1 Are you paid, 2 Working in a hotel is quite so tips are much appreciated. I’m not sleeping 3 The job is so very well. 4 Our trainee engineers have excellent career . of over 5 Our manager is in 100 people. people who don’t 6 They want mind change. job, from 9 to 2. 7 It’s a ? 8 Do you work in the sports

Match the words to make phrases about business. 1 handle 2 deal with a 3 raise 4 put together 5 negotiate 6 invent

a b c d e f

a good deal money stress and pressure a team of people something new range of people

174 Unit 2 The business of technology

Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1 The company needs to another million dollars from the investors. A raise B deal C lend D figure 2 Don’t forget to hand out your business card when . A inventing B networking C getting on D putting together a good price with the supplier. 3 We A managed B got on C negotiated D handled

4 The company was able to sales. A redesign B accept C repair D recover

from a bad year of

the marketing department. 5 I’m responsible for A dealing with B distributing C getting on D negotiating together a team of engineers for 6 The manager the project. A hold B put C send D manage 6

Complete the sentences with the correct word. The first letter is given for you. 1 Positive comments on social media can a new company’s profile r significantly. anything. 2 Remember, you can n on 3 The director puts a lot of p the managers. our 4 We’re planning to d products in Europe. your new 5 How do you plan to m product? they put together includes 6 The t sales people in Europe and Asia. in 7 The company is based in an o the city centre. with people 8 It’s important to n from other companies when you go to a conference.

Extension Are the statements true (T) or false (F)? 1 The founder of a company has established it. 2 If you describe yourself as proactive, you enjoy working outdoors. 3 To outsource means to use suppliers outside your company for goods and services. 4 If negotiations are delicate, it means they are difficult. 5 A self-starter is someone who starts new companies. 6 A team player gets on well with other people at work. 7 The chair of a meeting is an important piece of furniture. 8 A systematic employee is good at planning.

Extension Complete the sentences with the words in the box. chair delicate founder outsourced proactive self-starter systematic team player and is difficult to 1 She isn’t a work with. is going to introduce the 2 The speakers. talks with our 3 We’re having partners at the moment, so it’s a bit risky. so the project looks 4 I’m not very a bit disorganized. for 5 The company is looking for a this role. of the business, which 6 She is the has been going since 2005. the cleaning to a local 7 The hotel company. and good at making 8 I’m very things happen.

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PRONUNCIATION 9

10 Listen to the questions. Does the intonation rise () or fall () at the end of the question? Practise saying the questions.

1 Isn’t there a more secure way to shop online? 2 You fell for an online scam? 3 Do you think it’s a good idea to post that? 4 Wouldn’t it be great to start your own company? 5 Why do you want to do that? 6 Wouldn’t it be better to help people in need? 7 Haven’t you ever had that problem? 8 Why aren’t they marketing the product yet?

Now listen to the description of four innovative products. Match the description with the product. 12

1 gives hours of safe heat 2 costs around a dollar 3 holds almost 50 litres of water 4 stops harmful bacteria and viruses 12

Listen to the speaker. What is the main idea of her talk? A B C

Q Drum The Embrace Respira LifeStraw

LISTENING

a b c d

the positives and negatives of sustainable eco-tourism the benefits brought by conservation entrepreneurs the need for entrepreneurs to protect the natural world the entrepreneurial spirit of young African people 13

Listen again and choose the correct options.

11 Listen to the speaker. Complete the sentences about the short lecture.

1 Good might save the world one new idea at a time. 2 Designers have always dreamed up goods. roof tiles, 3 New products include electric motorcycles and more. Design for Extreme 4 The Affordability course is at Stanford University. 5 Some entrepreneurs are taking a look at the concerns . of people in 6 Designers are creating products to meet communities’ . most 7 Problems from healthcare to water can have affordable, beautifully designed solutions.

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1 What example does the speaker give of sustainable eco-tourism? A national parks B plant and animal habitats C private nature reserves 2 What species does she describe as rare? A coral lagoons B the Fynbos plant C orange-breasted sunbirds 3 Who refers to the area the speaker describes as the ‘Cape Floral Kingdom’? A botanists B Lutzeyer C natives 4 How did the Lutzeyers raise money for the reserve? A they raised the money themselves B they used banks in nearby Cape Town C they sold the abandoned farms and lands 5 How would you describe the attitude of the local people living near the reserve? A unconvinced B suspicious C supportive 6 What does the speaker describe Grootbos as being part of? A a conservation effort B a worldwide trend C our natural world

GRAMMAR Present perfect forms and past simple 14 Choose the correct options to complete the

conversation.

A What (1) are you learning / did you learn / have you learned since starting your own company? B The most important thing I (2) have learned / have been learning / learned is that you have to be able to deal with failure in this business. But you can learn from failure. A When (3) did you start / have you started / have you been starting your company? B In 2012, my friends and I (4) have started / started / have been starting creating what eventually became our app. We had been working on it for two years before we (5) have decided / have been deciding / decided to get serious and quit our jobs to work on the app full-time. A Who (6) have worked / has been working / worked with you since the beginning? B Well, my friends Martin and Keiko (7) have been / were / have been being with me since I started. Then, a couple of years ago when the workload (8) has become / has been becoming / became too much, and we (9) have been having / had / have had extra money, we (10) hired / have been hiring / have hired a few more people, and so on. Now we have 15 people working with us. A And how do you define your current success? B For me, it (11) wasn’t / hasn’t been being / hasn’t been about earning tons of money or having power or influence. I’m successful because I like what I do, and I have fun doing it. When it stops being fun, that’s when I’ll consider doing something different. 15 Complete the sentences with these words and phrases.

claimed dreamed has invented has notified have been attracting have been negotiating have failed have risen have run haven’t been advertising made in print 1 Companies like ours magazines or newspapers. that he 2 The company’s founder slept only three hours a night. because they 3 Many businesses out of money. the 4 Technology companies attention of investors for years. an app that 5 The competition works faster than ours. of 6 In the 2000s, many people becoming tech millionaires. 5% in the last year 7 Our profits thanks to automation. a profit for the first time 8 We after three years in business.

9 The investors with a bank for more money. our 10 The marketing team customers about the merger on social media. 16 Complete the article with the correct forms of the

verbs in brackets.

Young Entrepreneurs in India In recent years, kids in India (1) (make) a difference in important ways. A number of high (become) school students (2) entrepreneurs. Young entrepreneurs, sometimes called (realize) that ‘schoolpreneurs’, (3) starting businesses is important for India’s economic development. Possibly the most famous young technology entrepreneurs in India are Shravan and Sanjay Kumaran, brothers and high school students from Chennai. They (create) GoDimensions in (4) 2011 – when they were just 12 and 10 years old. In total, (develop) seven apps they (5) which are available in the Apple App Store and three Android apps for the Google Play Store. People (download) the apps more (6) than 70,000 times! Shravan and Sanjay claim to be the youngest mobile app developers in India at 16 and (give) 14 years of age. They (7) presentations at a TedX Youth conference in 2015, and plan to donate 15% of their profits to charity. (be) Fortunately, investors (8) willing to take a risk with young entrepreneurs – they are more interested in good business ideas than in the age of the entrepreneur! 17 Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the

verbs in brackets.

1 For as long as she can remember, people (ask) Leanna Archer what makes her hair look so beautiful. (decide) to try 2 Leanna to sell her all-natural hair product to people she (know). (put) the special hair 3 She product in small containers and (give) samples to her friends and their parents. (like) it so much, they were 4 They willing to pay for it! (start) her own 5 So Leanna hair-care company, Leanna’s Essentials, when she (be) just thirteen. 6 Since then, thousands of people (be able) to enjoy Leanna’s products. Unit 2 The business of technology

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2B Spreading fast VOCABULARY BUILDING Adjective and noun collocations (1) 1

Complete each sentence with the correct ending based on information from the text. 1 Viral marketing campaigns usually 2 Playworld was able to 3 Lay’s contest to create a new crisp flavour 4 Chipotle’s Scarecrow game 5 Emotional responses to advertising content 6 A successful advertising campaign a take advantage of the reasons that people share information on social media. is appealing to a wide range of people. b received millions of entries. c get free advertising by getting communities d involved. was downloaded thousands of times. e cause people to share the content with others. f

Do the statements match the information in the article? Write true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).

Complete the sentences with these adjectives. distant luxury normal official personal second-hand well-paid 1 Be careful with your details so criminals cannot steal your identity. hotels when I 2 I like to stay at travel; they’re expensive, but it’s worth it. 3 These shoes were only half the price, so I bought them right away. 4 I’ve been researching online to try to find some of my relatives and get in touch. 5 Has the university sent you your letter of acceptance yet? 6 Jana has got an interesting and job for the summer. car when I 7 I’d like to buy a good graduate.

READING 2

Read and listen to the text. Match the information (a–f) with the paragraphs (1–5). Paragraph numbers may be used more than once. a an example of a successful emotional advert b details of advertising fifty years ago c examples of adverts that used the same marketing strategy d context for how companies can succeed in advertising today e restates information given in other section f discusses how games and advertising are related 14

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1 Companies can make more money through advertising now than they could fifty years ago. 2 A company has to understand why people share on social media in order to make a successful advert. 3 An advert that gets an emotional reaction from consumers is less likely to be a success. 4 The Dove advert was successful because women felt emotionally connected to its message. 5 Prizes are more effective than games at getting consumers to share an advert.

GOING VIRAL

Fifty years ago, companies trying to increase awareness of their products knew exactly how to reach consumers. They focused their advertising efforts on television, newspapers and magazines, and 5 spent time developing creative adverts that they knew millions of people would see. But today’s consumers are flooded with information on a daily basis. In the age of social media, over 4.75 billion pieces of content are added to social media sites every 24 hours. How 10 do companies and their products get noticed? Getting social media users to share content is important to success. Going viral, or having content shared quickly with many users, can make millions of pounds for a company. But how can a company create a viral 15 marketing campaign? It has to understand why people share information and then use that in its advertising.

3 4

Emotion is a powerful reason that social media users share content. When a user feels a strong connection 20 to an advert, whether that emotion is joy, sadness or even anger, they are much more likely to share that advert with others. Take, for example, the advertising campaign about “real women” by the beauty brand Dove. In this advert, an artist draws two pictures of a 25 woman without seeing her. One picture is based on that woman’s description of herself, and the other is based on a description from someone who knows the woman. The pictures clearly show how the woman is critical of herself while others 30 see her in a much more positive light. This advert appealed to the emotions of a diverse range of women, who could relate to its message. It was shared nearly 3.8 million times in a month.

But an advert doesn’t have to be serious to get attention and shares. Some companies have had great success by offering games or prizes to social media users. The fast-food chain Chipotle Mexican Foods released an advert called “The Scarecrow” that had both a short film and a free game that users 40 could download. The game had more than 250,000 downloads within four days of its release. This type of advertising is even more effective because a user is reminded of the company every time they open the app to play the game. 35

Social media users also love prizes. The crisp company Lay’s increased its sales in the US by 12% with a viral campaign asking users to create a new flavour of crisp. The winning flavour, cheesy garlic bread, was selected from almost four million ideas. The playground 50 manufacturer Playworld offered two free playgrounds to users who liked the company’s social media page and wrote an essay about why they wanted to bring a playground to their community. Not only did visits to the company’s social media page increase 55 significantly, many communities worked together to try to win the playground, and local newspapers and TV news programmes covered the contest at no cost to Playworld. 45

For an advertising campaign to succeed today, it has 60 to appeal to people of many ages in many places. The companies producing the most successful adverts are those that understand the reasons why people share and make their adverts with those reasons in mind. Advertising is certainly different to what it was fifty 65 years ago, but the profits from a great campaign can still be huge.

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2C Tech my advice GRAMMAR Verb patterns -ing or infinitive with to 1

1 For several decades, robotics companies in Japan have been working towards their ambitious goal – they intend creating a perfect humanoid robot.

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. 1 Nacho won’t admit using / to use social media. 2 She decided closing / to close her social media account. 3 He hopes receiving / to receive a letter from the university soon. 4 Esteban needs planning / to plan carefully for the future. 5 When a website says it uses cookies, do you agree continuing / to continue using it? 6 Her parents want her to delay using / to use social media for as long as possible. 7 I didn’t intend offending / to offend anyone with the post I wrote. 8 Eva refused accept / to accept Ivan’s friend request on social media.

2 They hope, one day, being able to make androids look exactly like humans. 3 Some scientists are also trying to give their androids a personality. 4 However, there are people who simply refuse accepting a future where robots and humans live and work side by side. 5 Other people don’t mind to think about a future where robots play an important role. 6 Personally, I think I would enjoy to interact with a robot that can think, act and relate to humans.

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. 1 3-D printing is something experts expect a big role in the future. A play B to play C playing 2 Some people hear about amazing objects made by 3-D they can make the same things printers and start themselves. A believing B believe C to believe new concepts. 3 3-D printers allow designers A to test B testing C test human tissue with 3-D printers is a 4 Experts think distant possibility. A to produce B produce C producing costly 5 With 3-D printers, researchers can avoid mistakes. A make B to make C making a model for a science project, a 6 If a student needs 3-D printer can be useful. A to make B making C make

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Are the words in bold correct or incorrect? Correct those that are incorrect.

7 If asked, I’d certainly agree to have an android do chores around my house. 8 The question is, will we ever regret to make robots so like humans?

Sophia, the humanoid robot 4

Complete the conversation using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use verb + -ing or infinitive with to. A Have you heard of the Hubble Space Telescope? (study) B Yes, I have! It’s used (1) our solar system. A D o you know how big the telescope is? B I know that the Hubble designers dreamed of making a bigger telescope, but they had to compromise. In the end, they managed (2) (design) a smaller telescope that orbits 350 miles above Earth.

A D id they do a lot of tests before sending it up in space? B They did. In fact, one astronaut wanted (guarantee) the (3) telescope could be fixed in space, so he went to the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum and practised (4) (fix) its Hubble replica. A W hat does the Hubble do? B W ell, one thing is that it allows us (see) stars that are billions (5) of light years from Earth. Hubble researchers are (keep) exploring determined (6) our solar system.

Complete the sentences with the objects and the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 1 The teacher asked (me / arrange) a meeting with my parents. (us / text) 2 Our teacher expects each other in English for more practice. 3 My father can’t stand (me / check) my phone constantly. (her / carry) 4 Karl watched four heavy bags and didn’t offer to help. 5 The neighbours invited (us / swim) in their pool. 6 The airline strike has delayed (me / travel) to Santiago. (him / be) 7 You can’t expect happy with the decision. (her / play) 8 The manager chose in the match.

Read the sentences. Circle the direct object and underline the indirect object. 1 Can you email me the directions when you can? 2 His aunt gave him money for his class trip. 3 The teacher read the children a story. 4 Can you pass me a pen to write the list? 5 Here, I’ll lend you my phone to call him. 6 Veronica bought her parents tickets for the opera.

Write sentences that are true for you. Use the prompts below and verbs with -ing or infinitive with to. 1 I always try 2 I avoid 3 Sometimes I miss 4 When I finish 5 I am considering

Complete the sentences with direct and indirect objects and/or verbs with -ing or infinitive with to. 1 They promised 2 I don’t expect 3 It bothers me when people ask me 4 I’m going to lend

6 As soon as I can, I hope

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2D This is what happens when you reply to spam email 3

1 What is the main topic of the talk? A Gold is a solid investment. B Answering spam emails can sometimes be fun. C More people should try hummus. D Nelson Mandela was an important South African leader. 2 According to James Veitch, what do spammers often do to encourage people to participate in their schemes? A They tell you they know where you live. B They ask for personal information about you. C They share their hopes to make you feel empathy. D They offer more money in each email. 3 What does Veitch imply when he says ‘Don’t use your own email address because that’s exactly what I was doing at the start and it was a nightmare.’? A That a spammer will sell your email address to other spammers. B That people send a lot of emails at night. C That it’s dangerous to reveal your real identity. D That most people use only one email address. 4 What can be inferred about James Veitch? A He thinks spammers don’t cause any harm. B He wishes he were a bank manager. C He enjoys pointing out the absurdity in people’s words and actions. D He doesn’t care about other people.

AUTHENTIC LISTENING SKILLS 1

15 Read statements from James Veitch’s TED Talk. Practise reading the responses aloud using intonation and pitch to show surprise. Record and then listen to yourself.

1 We shall be shipping gold to you. Response: Shipping gold to me? 2 There’s no point doing this at all unless you’re shipping at least a metric tonne. Response: A metric tonne? 3 I’m a hedge fund executive bank manager. Response: A hedge fund executive bank manager? 4 We’re ready for shipping as much gold as possible. Response: As much gold as possible? 5 I was in Sainsbury’s the other day and there were, like, 30 different varieties. Response: 30 different varieties? 6 When we email each other, we need to use a code. Response: A code? 7 Send £1,500 via a Giant Gummy Lizard. Response: A Giant Gummy Lizard? 8 I am Winnie Mandela, the second wife of Nelson Mandela, the former South African president. Response: Winne Mandela?

WATCH 2

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. 1 James refused accepting / to accept only 25 kilograms of gold from Solomon. 2 Instead, he offered to receive / receiving a metric tonne of gold. 3 James enjoyed corresponding / to correspond with Solomon so much that he cancelled plans with friends. 4 Apparently, Solomon planned spending / to spend his earnings on buying property. 5 James doesn’t mind to waste / wasting spammers’ time. 6 In corresponding with spammers, James recommends creating / to create a separate email account. 7 James never agreed to send / sending money to the person who claimed to be Winnie Mandela.

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Choose the correct options.

VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT 4

Read the sentences (1-6) and match the meaning of the words in bold to the words (a-f). a b c

intrigues turned up matter

d e f

out of hand knock it on the head gone too far

1 I will call my brother tonight. We have an important issue to discuss. 2 Kenneth keeps giving his homework in late, so Sheila told him he needs to stop that behaviour and start taking his studies seriously. 3 Raquel was surprised when her sister appeared at her shop one afternoon. 4 Jaime was trying to tell jokes, but when nobody laughed, he realized that he had said something wrong. 5 Jasmine has always enjoyed studying science; biology particularly interests her. 6 When Gene saw the mess that the children had made, he was upset that the situation had got out of control.

2E Investment opportunity SPEAKING 1

16 Listen and complete the sentences with the correct auxiliary verb, then write the original idea.

1 Your English teacher gives you four pieces of homework in one day.

Do n’t you think it’ll be a mistake? I think it’ll be a mistake. n’t you find it really annoying? 2 3

n’t you ever seen that happen?

n’t it look a bit weird if you do that?

n’t that a bad idea?

n’t we wait five more minutes, please?

n’t you see her yesterday?

n’t you finish your homework first?

2 The government is cutting funding to youth projects. 3 Scientists have found a way to change babies’ eye colour. 4 A friend of yours has found a bag containing £1,000 in the street. 5 A company is considering building a big hotel on a nature reserve. 6 A friend is too lazy to study for their exams. 4

Write a negative question to challenge each of these opinions or ideas using the words in brackets. 1 I’m going to have another piece of cake. (had enough already) 2 Climate change isn’t my problem. (all responsible / environment) 3 I’m going to buy the latest laptop. (wait / the sales)

Look at these situations and decide what your opinions are. Then use negative questions to express your comments on the situations.

17 Your school wants to protect itself from cybercrime. Below are some ideas that they are considering and a question for you to discuss. Make notes and then talk about the benefits and drawbacks of these ideas. Record yourself. Then listen to a sample discussion of the topic. What are the benefits and drawbacks of these IT security ideas? • backing up computers every hour • permanently recording all activity of every user • only allowing students to use their own devices

4 I want to be a famous actor. (need / plan B) 5 I’m going to watch films all day. (play / football)

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WRITING Persuasive writing 5

a b c d e f g

Match the steps for writing a persuasive text (1–4) with the examples (a–d). 1 Grab the reader’s attention and stimulate a shared experience. 2 Persuade the reader to continue reading by saying that a solution will be provided. 3 Present factual information related to the solution. 4 In the final paragraph, provide a reason why the reader should take action. a b c d

‘What we can offer you is a happy balance between relaxing under a palm tree and participating in some very worthwhile environmental projects.’ ‘Well, luckily, our team has found a fantastic way to help you live the dream!’ ‘So, why not click here and join one of our HOLunteering trips today? You’ll be very glad you did!’ ‘Have you ever dreamed of going on holiday somewhere exotic … but can’t afford it? Trust me, we all have!’

Read the persuasive text. Then put the information (a-h) in the correct order. University students aiming to bring you the ideal sauce Do you love ketchup but find it a little too sweet? Do you enjoy hot sauce but find it a little too … hot? Most of us do! We’ve all been served a dish that would be perfect, except that it’s missing something. Well, problem solved! That something special has finally been developed, you’ll be pleased to know, and it has a tantalising Korean twist. Theo, Mike, Erica, Ryan and Alex – five classmates at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) – have created K POP, the most exciting and delicious sauce you’ll ever taste. K POP Sauce with its winning combination of flavours, including Korean chilli paste and Theo’s grandmother’s secret ingredient, is simply a condiment like no other. But the K POP team needs your help. Their Kickstarter goal is to raise enough money to produce K POP Sauce in large quantities, and ship it worldwide. So, why not support the guys and make a pledge to their Kickstarter campaign? You’ll be helping an excellent business get off the ground and giving yourself and the world the delight that is K POP Sauce!

h 7

Says who is involved in developing the product Points out what the reader’s support will accomplish Establishes the topic with a descriptive title Explains what the makers of the product need Lets the reader know a solution has been found Describes the product Creates initial interest by describing a shared experience Invites the reader to get involved

Read the article. Then listen to the lecture. Write an essay summarizing the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading. 18

Set up in 2009, the Kickstarter corporation may not be as popular as it once seemed. People with creative ideas in one of 13 categories, including art, music and technology, can use Kickstarter to describe their project and appeal for financial support. They set a target amount of money needed and a date by which it must be raised. Any member of the public can access the Kickstarter platform and offer to support an idea. Those who do so are called ‘backers’. If backers pledge enough, that is, promise to donate enough cash to meet the required target within the deadline, then the project is funded. So far so good … or is it? The system certainly has flaws. Firstly, major celebrities have started using Kickstarter to fund new film ventures or to record new albums. These have been heavily criticized by many who resent already wealthy people potentially taking away opportunities from smaller, unknown artists whose need for Kickstarter is arguably greater. Secondly, can we really trust Kickstarter projects? Even when projects reach their financial goal, who can guarantee the money won’t be used for other purposes? Indeed, it is not unusual for funded projects to soon fail due to poor planning or underestimated needs. This seems like a reckless waste of other people’s money. Lastly, many feel that backers are exploited by the Kickstarter system. No matter how much of their own money they pledge, they receive very little in return. This hardly seems fair, especially as thousands of Kickstarter projects have enjoyed enormous financial success. Kickstarter may be a good service in some circumstances, but it is far from perfect.

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Revision 1

Rewrite the sentences. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the word in capital letters. Use between two and five words. 1 He works in the Madrid office. BASE the Madrid He office. 2 She’s working alongside the partners in Asia. DEAL the partners She’s in Asia. 3 I have to find a good team for the presentation. PUT a good I have to team for the presentation. 4 Entrepreneurs can accept failure and quickly move on. RECOVER Entrepreneurs can failure quickly. 5 Meditation is useful for dealing with pressure. HANDLE Meditation is a good pressure.

7 For over 12 years, Khan Academy has made education available to people all over the world – for free! 8 Since 2000, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is working to increase access to healthcare and reduce extreme poverty. 4

Find and correct the mistakes in these sentences. Two sentences are correct. 1 Organizations that has been using start-up companies to find solutions to social, cultural or environmental problems are called ‘social entrepreneurs’. 2 Traditionally, start-up companies have been measured their success by looking at profits or sales.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of these verbs. There may be more than one correct answer. give link pick up see study science 1 Students who like might be interested in bionics, which is the study of mechanical systems that function like living organisms or parts of living organisms. 2 Scientists have learned it’s possible machine and mind. 3 A tiny camera that communicates with her brain allows the shapes of a blind woman trees. 4 A bionic arm can let a person move that arm a fork. 5 Bionics represents a big leap forward. It enables people back a lot of researchers what they’ve lost.

Complete the sentences with the correct word. The first letter is given for you. 1 The business uses a s in China to provide materials. a good 2 She managed to n pay rise with her manager. 3 They’re using online advertising to m the language school. is an important part 4 N of building professional relationships. your 5 Partners help to d products in other regions. 6 I’m a social e working in the field of education. ? 7 Where is your company b new things in 8 Successful companies i response to customers’ needs.

3 In contrast, social entrepreneurs have worked to end poverty, increase healthcare and improve the quality of life. 4 Social entrepreneurs have using social networking to reach more people, spread information about their activities and raise money. 5 Kiva.org been lending money to low-income entrepreneurs in 80 countries ($25 at a time) since 2005. 6 In 2009, Matt Damon has cofounded Water.org which works to increase access to safe water and sanitation for people in developing countries.

Choose the correct options to complete the sentences. Both forms may be correct. 1 I love watching / to watch old movies. 2 She advised me going / to go home because I wasn’t feeling well. 3 I fail seeing / to see how I can help you. 4 I never allow anyone looking / to look at my homework. 5 Do you avoid calling / to call your father at work? 6 Did she ask you going / to go to her house? 7 Tang refuses using / to use social media. 8 Have you finished studying / to study for the test?

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