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NUEVA ERA / AÑO. 1 / NO. 0022 / MONDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 2025

Blindsided U.S. FOREIGN POLICY HAS ITS TRADITIONAL ALLIES FEELING ANXIOUS

MONDAY / 02 / 24 / 2025 HERALDOUSA.COM/

SUCKER

BY DANIEL BENET PHOTOART: ALEJANDRO OYERVIDES

ANGEL MIERES ZIMMERMANN CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD

MARÍA CRISTINA MIERES ZIMMERMANN VICE PRESIDENT OF CULTURAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

ANTONIO HOLGUIN ACOSTA VICE PRESIDENT OF INSTITUTIONAL RELATIONS

FRANCO CARREÑO OSORIO GENERAL DIRECTOR

ALFREDO GONZÁLEZ CASTRO EDITORIAL DIRECTOR ALEJANDRA ICELA MARTÍNEZ RODRÍGUEZ

COORDINATOR, HERALDO USA alejandra.martinezr @elheraldodemexico.com

ADRIÁN PALMA ARVIZU

CREATIVE DIRECTOR adrian@elheraldodemexico.com

DANIEL ERNESTO BENET SÁNCHEZ NORIEGA

EDITOR, HERALDO USA daniel.benet@elheraldodemexico.com

ANGÉLICA SIMÓN UGALDE

EDITOR, HERALDO USA angelica.simon@elheraldodemexico.com

ALAN ARTURO VARGAS JUÁREZ

EDITOR, HERALDO USA

ISMAEL ESPINOZA SUÁREZ, OMAR MÁRQUEZ GRAJALES DESIGN

ALEJANDRO OYERVIDES INFOGRAPHICS

Periódico El Heraldo de México. Editor EL HERALDO DE MÉXICO Responsable: Operadora y Administradora de Información y Editorial, SA de CV Alfredo Vigencia: mayo 2024-abril 2025 González Castro, Número de Certificado de Reserva otorgado por el Instituto Nacional del Derecho de Autor: 04-2009-060419022100-101. Número de Certificado de Licitud de Título y Contenido: 16921. Domicilio de la Publicación: Av. Insurgentes Sur, No. 1271, piso 2, oficina 202, Extremadura Insurgentes, Benito Juárez, C.P. 03740. Impreso en LA CRÓNICA DIARIA, SA DE CV, Avenida Azcapotzalco La Villa 160, Colonia San Marcos, Alcaldía Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México, CP 02020. Distribuidores: ARREDONDO E HIJOS DISTRIBUIDORA, SA de CV, Iturbide 18 local D, Colonia Centro de la Ciudad de México Área 4, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, CP 06040. ELIZABETH IVONNE GUTIÉRREZ ORTIZ, Callejón 2o de la Luz 52, Departamento 4, Interior 1, Colonia Anáhuac II Sección, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, CP 11320. AEROVÍAS EMPRESA DE CARGO, SA de CV, Paseo de la Reforma 445, Piso 9, Colonia Cuauhtémoc, alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, CP 06000 Publicación Diaria No. ____, día xx de mes de 2024.

s of today, February 24, the war between Russia and Ukraine will have been dragging on for 3 years. Could we be witnessing the last days of the war? And if peace is achieved, will it be long-lasting? Though conflict among these nations had been brewing, literally, for centuries, it was on this date in 2022 that Russia launched a full-scale invasion in Ukrainian territory, marking and escalation of a war which started in 2014. This most recent conflict stems from opposing positions related to the level of integration of Ukraine into the European Union, and as extension, of it being incorporated into NATO. At the end of 2013 and the beginning of 2014, Ukraine had the Maidan Protests, when demonstrators clashed with the government of then Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych. The country had been moving towards integration into the European Union, when Yanukovych decided not to sign the European Union-Ukraine Association Agreement, almost certainly because of pressure from Russia. This agreement set the agenda for economic and political integration of the country with the EU. Though the agreement had already been approved by parliament, Yanukovych pulled out at the last minute. The result of these protests was the ousting of Yanukovych, who fled the country, and the installation of a transitional government. Russia, who had opposed Ukraine joining NATO, as it perceived this as a direct threat to its safety, moved quickly to occupy and then annex Crimea, while Russian-supported militias took control of the Donbas region, constituted by the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts in the eastern part of Ukraine. The war continued with varying degrees of intensity, with failed ceasefires and both sides accusing the other of failing to uphold the agreed terms for peace. Fast-forward to late 2021. Moscow demands Ukraine is forever banned from joining NATO. On February 24, 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced a “special military operation” to support the breakaway territories of Donetsk and Luhansk. Arguing that Ukraine needed to be demilitarized and “denazified”, Moscow and Kiev locked in full-scale war, Europe and the U.S. followed suit and engaged in the conflict. The United States has given to Ukraine approximately $114.2 billion in total assistance since February 2022, of which: around $69.8 billion have been allocated for weapons, equipment, and other military support; and approximately $44.4 billion dedicated to financial support, budgetary assistance, and humanitarian aid. There have also been specific military contributions in the form of over 5,700 air defense missiles and more than 1,600 air defense systems delivered as of February 2024. Meanwhile, the collective EU and member states’ support amounts to approximately €132.3 billion (about $143 billion) since February 2022. Of these, military assistance is estimated at €48.3 billion, including €6.1 billion mobilized under the European Peace Facility between 2022 and 2024, and financial and humanitarian aid, close to $73 billion in financial, budgetary, humanitarian, and emergency assistance. Germany provided €10.6 billion in military aid between January 2022 and August 2024, and the United Kingdom contributed €9.4 billion in military assistance during the same period. The ongoing conflict has significantly disrupted international trade and global supply chains, leading to increased costs, product shortages, and heightened economic uncertainty.

PUNCH U.S.A., a Key Player in the RussiaUkraine War, is Switching its Stance

ESTIMATES OF CASUALTIES MILITARY CASUALTIES:

Ukraine

45,100 57,500 to

Russia

90,000 198,000 to

Civilian Casualties:

12,500 75,000 to

COST OF DAMAGES IN UKRAINE ESTIMATES:

60 750 to

billion USD Up to

2.8

times Ukraine's GDP

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has led to soaring energy prices and supply chain disruptions, particularly in Europe, which heavily relies on Russian natural gas and oil. This has caused a rapid increase in energy costs, contributing to financial volatility and a worsening global economic outlook. Also, both Ukraine and Russia are major exporters of agricultural products, including wheat, corn, and sunflower oil. The war has disrupted the supply of these commodities, leading to increased prices and concerns over food security, especially in countries dependent on imports from the region. The conflict has exposed vulnerabilities in global supply chains, particularly for industries reliant on raw materials and components from Ukraine and Russia. Disruptions have led to increased costs and delays, prompting companies to reassess their supply chain dependencies and consider diversifying sources to enhance resilience. In response to the invasion, Western nations have imposed multiple sanctions on Russia, targeting key sectors such as banking, energy, and shipping. These sanctions have further strained global trade, leading to increased costs and reconfiguration of supply chains as businesses seek alternative markets and suppliers. Despite sanctions, Russia has maintained its oil trade by utilizing a “shadow fleet” of over 600 aging tankers. This practice has raised concerns about maritime safety and environmental risks, as these vessels often lack adequate maintenance and insurance. OnFebruary12,U.S.PresidentDonaldTrump heldaconversationwithhisRussiancounterpart, Vladimir Putin. This marked the first high-level dialogue between Washington and Moscow since the war began in February 2022. The European Union has been left in a difficult position, as it remains divided on the issue. While the head of European diplomacy and former Estonian Prime Minister, Kaja Kallas, stated that they would not support any peace plan without the participation of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán endorsed negotiations between Russia and the United States, downplaying Kallas’ statements as well as those of other European officials. In Europe, there is growing concern over the potential concessions Donald Trump may offer Putin, as well as Zelensky’s role in the peace negotiations. Trump and his Secretary of Defense, Pete Hegseth, have suggested that Ukraine may neither recover its lost territories nor join NATO, as they consider both outcomes unlikely. Ukraine’s potential NATO membership has been one of the core issues in the conflict. Negotiations have moved quickly, with U.S. Secretary of State, Marco Rubio, meeting Foreign Minister of Russia, Sergey Lavrov in Saudia Arabia last week. There has also been a quick fallout between President Donald Trump and President Zelensky, with the former labeling the Ukrainian president as a dictator and suggesting elections in Ukraine might help the peace proposal move forward. This garnered backlash for Trump back home and abroad, as he also insisted it was Zelensky who started the war and should somehow take responsibility for it. Zelensky fired back that Trump was living in a Russian disinformation bubble. Volodymyr Zelensky has consistently expressed his desire to restore Ukraine’s borders to their pre-invasion status, an objective the United States has described as “unrealistic”. Currently, Russia controls approximately 20% of Ukrainian territory, largely in eastern Ukraine, while Ukraine holds around 600 km² in the Russian region of Kursk. The way current winds are blowing, the outcome looks favorable for Russia and the U.S., with Ukraine and the European Union having more to lose with the current standpoint.

MONDAY / 02 / 24 / 2025 HERALDOUSA.COM/

2008 financial crisis exacerbated the situation. These conditions had a profound impact on Americans’ mental health. How did they cope? By internalizing a crisis that was both social and economic in nature. Unemployment and poverty generated unprecedented levels of stress and suffering, which were increasingly classified as mental disorders. The loss of opportunities resulted in a pandemic of anxiety and depression, particularly among the white middle class.

Alan Vargas X: @SOYALANVARGAS INSTAGRAM: @SOYALANVARGAS TIKTOK: @SOYALANVARGAS

The opioid crisis: origins & current state “… AND THIS IS THE HUMANISTS’ HEADACHE, SUPPOSEDLY HISTORICAL, MEANING IT DOES NOT YIELD TO PAINKILLERS BUT ONLY TO THE REALIZATION OF PARADISE ON EARTH. THAT’S HOW IT IS: UNDER CAPITALISM, OUR HEADS ACHE, AND OUR HEADS ARE TAKEN. HUMANISM WILL BE, AMONG OTHER THINGS, AN ASPIRIN THE SIZE OF THE SUN…” — ROQUE DALTON

HE BEGINNING: REAGANOMICS AND THE DECLINE OF THE WORKING CLASS The story begins in the 1980s when Ronald Reagan took office with a promise: to reduce the size of government and return power to the markets. The so-called Reaganomics—a set of economic measures based on deregulation, tax cuts, and privatization—ushered in an era of prosperity for the economic elite but signaled the start of an unstoppable decline for the middle and working classes. I was born in 1995, when President Ernesto Zedillo was converting private debt into public debt in Mexico—an era that also saw the collapse of the middle class in the United States. Since 1985, the white working class has been gradually losing its role in public life. Once making up 65% of the electorate, they represent less than 25% today. In contrast, the income share of the upper class has risen from 29% to 49% over the same period, reflecting an ever-widening inequality gap.

THE DISMANTLING OF THE AMERICAN DREAM The erosion of the American Dream was inevitably tied to the deindustrialization of the U.S., as manufacturing jobs moved to countries with cheaper labor, leaving millions unemployed. Rapid globalization, job insecurity, and the

04-05

tackle the root causes of social inequalities had only intensified the unrest in cities increasingly affected. THE FENTANYL CRISIS: A MODERN PLAGUE As of 2025, medicine has thoroughly examined the effects of non-prescription fentanyl use. Testimonies from individuals grappling with severe addiction describe feelings of numbness, euphoria, and sedation. However, once addicted, they face severe respiratory depression, cognitive decline, vomiting, and frequent overdoses. Videos circulating on X (formerly Twitter) depict so-called “zombies” wandering the streets—people addicted to fentanyl who are often mocked and dehumanized. Yet, behind their vacant stares lies a tragic reality: they are experiencing temporary and deceptive relief from lives marked by poverty, discrimination, inequality, and a healthcare system focused on profit rather than care. Maybe it’s time to challenge this “zombie” image, to look past it and acknowledge the real men and women who endure in a painful reality.

PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES AND THE INDISCRIMINATE PRESCRIPTION OF OPIOIDS As a result, the use of antidepressants and anxiolytics surged, rising by 65% over the last two decades. Since the 1990s, prescription opioid use—including OxyContin (marketed by Purdue Pharma and the subject of lawsuits from six U.S. states)—has reached epidemic levels. Between 1999 and 2019, nearly 500,000 people died from opioid overdoses—more deaths than occurred in the Vietnam, Korean, and Iraq wars combined. The pharmaceutical industry aggressively promoted these drugs while hiding their addictive effects. The 2021 HBO documentary FINAL REFLECTION: A CRISIS The Crime of the Century, directed by Alex OF A FAILED SYSTEM Gibney, reveals that this crisis didn’t occur by This crisis is far from over. The opioid epideaccident—it was “manufactured” and delibemic is not merely a public health emergency— rately fueled by Purdue Pharma executives. it is a reflection of the failure and breakdown of A powerful idea took hold among an economic and social model. American pharmaceutical compaFrom Reagan to Trump, neoliberal The fentanyl nies: there was no ailment for which policies have favored economic gain they couldn’t create a pill. Drugs were over the common good, resulting in crisis is not no longer limited to cancer or termia fractured nation with decreasing just about a nal pain. Since there weren’t enough hope. drug; it is the consumers in that market, it became The security, immigration, and symptom of “necessary” ($) to prescribe Vicodin drug consumption crises in the U.S. a system that for knee pain, Valium and Xanax for stem largely from a lack of political has prioritized and democratic will to tackle their chronic sadness, and Prozac for mild anxiety. economic profit root causes. The situation has only In his book, The Age of Conspiraworsened under a leader who is over human cy: Trump, the Cult of Lies, and the ensnared in his own delusions—a well-being. Assault on the Capitol (2022), Spanish Republican tycoon who makes deciauthor Ignacio Ramonet presents a sions based on his beliefs rather than shocking statistic: the United States on rational, objective assessments of accounts for only 4.4% of the world’s populareality. tion yet consumes 80% of the world’s opioids. KEY STATISTICS: THE OPIOID THE PANDEMIC AND THE TRUMP ADMICRISIS IN NUMBERS NISTRATION: A DANGEROUS COCKTAIL 1. The opioid crisis: key figures Donald Trump’s rise to the presidency in Overdose deaths (1999-2019): Almost 2017 coincided with the peak of the opioid 500,000 individuals lost their lives due to crisis. Although Trump declared it a national opioid-related overdoses. emergency, his policies failed to address the In 2021, fentanyl was associated with twoissue effectively. Then came COVID-19, which thirds of the 105,000 overdose deaths recorpushed the crisis to a breaking point. By 2023, ded that year. fentanyl—a synthetic opioid first developed in Opioid consumption: The U.S. accounts for the 1960s—had become the most widely used 80% of the world’s opioid use, even though it and deadly illegal drug in the U.S., resulting in represents only 4.4% of the global population. over 100,000 deaths that year. 2. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic Lockdowns, isolation, and uncertainty Rising poverty: prompted many to turn to drugs for relief. This In 2021, 55 million people in the U.S. were fueled widespread distrust in institutions, the living in poverty—8 million more than in 2019. emergence of anti-vaccine movements, and Mental health crisis: conspiracy theories, with 37% of Americans Anxiety and depression rates in 2020 were losing faith in medical and scientific organiza37% and 30%, respectively, compared to 8.1% tions. and 6.5% in 2019. By 2021, fentanyl was no longer just a rural 3. Social and economic inequalities issue—it had spread to impoverished white Poverty among minorities: communities in older urban areas. It becaOne in four Latino and Black Americans live me evident that what was unfolding was the below the poverty line. market-driven sedation of suffering. Trump’s Rising poverty among white Americans: anti-immigrant rhetoric and Mexican PresiWhite poverty rates have risen from 11.2% to dent Claudia Sheinbaum’s continual calls to 12.4% over the past decade.”

MONDAY / 02 / 24 / 2025 HERALDOUSA.COM/

The scientific study titled Mortality Disparities in American Communities Study (MDAC) illuminates the profile of individuals who died from opioid overdoses between 2008 and 2015. This article seeks to dismantle various myths surrounding the crisis. BY: GERARDO RODRÍGUEZ SÁNCHEZ LARA Y LIRIO CRISTINA ARAIZA COLÍN ART: ALEJANDRO OYERVIDES

CHALLENGE FACING WHITE POPULATIONS. While the narrative suggests that the opioid crisis is widespread, statistics indicate that it disproportionately impacts the non-Hispanic white population, which constitutes 80.7% of overdose deaths. In contrast, non-Hispanic African Americans account for 8.2%, Hispanics for 7.3%, and other minority groups, including Indigenous and Asian populations, scarcely reach 1% each. U.S. citizenship is also a crucial factor in overdose risk. One interesting point is the mitigating effect of certain value systems often promoted in immigrant communities. A helpful strategy in overdose prevention efforts may involve building support networks within the communities directly impacted by this epidemic. NO GENDER DISPARITY. During this period, 51% of those who died were women, indicating that opioid-related deaths affect men and women in equal proportions. This does not suggest that it is a gender-specific issue; instead, it implies that many women who died may not have had access to treatment. Poverty and lack of opportunities: a deadly combination. The study also reinforces what many public health organizations have highlighted: fentanyl primarily impacts those in situations of increased socioeconomic vulnerability. Uninsured individuals represented 29.1% of deaths, while those with disabilities made up 36.1%. Furthermore, nearly half of the fatal victims—47.1%—were outside the workforce, indicating they had a disability or were una-

80.7% Non-Hispanic white population overdose deaths.

7.3%

Hispanic population overdose deaths.

29.1% Uninsured individuals overdose deaths.

MONDAY / 02 / 24 / 2025 HERALDOUSA.COM/

Anglo-Saxon Republican voters and moderate conservative Democrats are susceptible to the fentanyl epidemic.

Opioids were frequently prescribed in the US without proper oversight: President Claudia Sheinbaum.

Black and Latino communities are less vulnerable than nonHispanic white population.

True solutions lie in policies tackling root causes: education, jobs, and healthcare.

Compared to people who were married, those who were divorced, separated, or widowed had a higher risk of opioid overdose death. (Altekruse, et. al, 2020).

Risk of death from opioid overdose was associated with not having health insurance. Opioid addiction often occurs amid economic and health problems that can lead to un-insurance (Altekruse, et. al, 2020).

47.1%

Overdose deaths were outside the workforce

FENTANYL AND INEQUALITY the untold reality of the opioid crisis

ble to work for various reasons and had ceased job searching. An alarming 80% were in this situation at the time of their death. The only exception to this statistical trend is the disparity between rural and urban areas. Rural residents face a 45% lower risk of opioid-related fatalities compared to those in urban sectors. This finding is surprising, as earlier studies at the beginning of the opioid crisis suggested that rural communities were more vulnerable to overdose deaths. In 17 states, economic disadvantages remained a risk factor, irrespective of urbanization. This geographic spread of opioid overdose fatalities poses another challenge for the U.S. government’s intervention strategy. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON THE CRISIS. The data also show a clear correlation between education level and social vulnerability. Among those who died, 28% had not completed middle school, 35% had less than a high school diploma, and 21% had some college education. Only 16% had a university degree or postgraduate education. MORE THAN A HEALTH CRISIS, IT SYMBOLIZES A SOCIAL CRISIS. ALTHOUGH There are evident national failures in addressing opioid use disorder, fentanyl is not just a health or drug issue. It signifies a symptom of inequality, poverty, and limited access to opportunities in the U.S. It’s no coincidence that many victims are white, working-class individuals with low educational attainment and unstable economic circumstances. THE POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS ARE SIGNIFICANT. The crisis shows that the core white Anglo-Saxon Republican voter and the moderate conservative Democrat are particularly sensitive to this issue. While Donald Trump’s rhetoric emphasizes the urgency of combating drug trafficking, the true solution lies in policies that tackle the root causes of the problem: education, job opportunities, and access to healthcare. Without these fundamental changes, the crisis will persist in claiming lives, even with drug seizures at the border. President Claudia Sheinbaum emphasized that opioids were frequently prescribed without proper oversight. This occurred in working-class white neighborhoods, where concerns arose about the inadequate implementation of health system guidelines. In contrast, Black and Latino communities—historically stigmatized for drug use—faced greater obstacles in accessing these medications.

MONDAY / 02 / 24 / 2025 HERALDOUSA.COM/

08-09

year of the indigenous woman At the end of December last year, President Claudia Sheinbaum declared 2025 as the “Year of the Indigenous Woman.”

The author is the Consul General of Mexico in Houston, is a Mexican businesswoman, and holds the position of international president of 50+1.

BY: MARÍA ELENA ORANTES* ILUSTRATION: ALEJANDRO OYERVIDES

his important initiative aims to highlight and acknowledge the vital role that Indigenous women play in Mexican society as a whole and within their communities. One example of the significance of this initiative is the recognition of Tecuichpo, a Mexica woman; Tz’ak-Bu Ajaw, a Maya woman; Lady 6 Monkey, a Mixtec woman; and Xiuhtzatzin, a Toltec woman. These four prominent women are significant figures in the country’s history, yet they remain largely unknown to Mexican society. According to the INEGI population census, in 2020, Mexico had a population of 126 million, with 23 million self-identifying as Indigenous, representing

01 A crucial initiative to highlight and acknowledge the fundamental role that indigenous women play in Mexican society, both in general and within their specific communities.

19% of the total population. Of this group, 51% were women, totaling 12 million individuals—the equivalent of the combined populations of Guanajuato and Nuevo León at that time. The states with the highest populations of Indigenous language speakers were Oaxaca at 31%, Chiapas at 28%, Yucatán at 24%, and Guerrero at 16%. Throughout history, Indigenous women have been fundamental pillars of Mexican society. They serve as mothers and bearers of life and as custodians of a vast array of ancestral knowledge, including oral traditions, herbal medicine, gastronomy, and traditional clothing like huipiles and Huichol embroidery. Their crucial role in transmitting languages is also significant, 64 Indigenous languages are spoken in our country, with Náhuatl, Maya, and Tzeltal being the most widely spoken, according to INEGI. Another key aspect of Indigenous women is their

02 Indigenous women have been one of the foundational pillars of Mexican society throughout history.

role as agents of change. They often fight for the well-being of their families and communities. Many are also activists for environmental and social causes, and some have even held political positions or been involved in social organizations. Despite this, the reality is that they still lack access to essential services, education, and job opportunities. They also face discrimination based on their ethnicity or language, underscoring the need for recognition of their dignity and the assurance of their rights through effective public policies. As a Chiapanecan woman, mother, businesswoman, politician, and diplomat, I firmly believe that declaring 2025 the “Year of the Indigenous Woman” is not only a vital step toward guaranteeing equal conditions for Indigenous women to access the same rights and opportunities as the rest of the Mexican population—it is a profound act of justice that we must all support.

03 Another important aspect of indigenous women is that they act as agents of change. They often advocate for the welfare of their families and communities.

Immigrants actions to resist Trump’s To understand how we have become the target of a Without anti-immigrant policies. alarming attempt was his proposal racist, xenophobic, and fascist political campaign, it to Another strip U.S. citizenship from children born to parents, as well as denying them is necessary to recognize that irregular immigration undocumented access to education and healthcare. However, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and has been persecuted since the last century. This other organizations have taken the fight to the courts, and a judge has already ruled this order has turned migrant workers into objects of labor unconstitutional. The 14th Amendment to the Constitution guarantees citizenship to anyone exploitation, constantly under the threat of mass born in the United States, including those who reside outside the country. deportations. In fact, President Barack Obama Trump is a businessman with no knowledge or respect for the Constitution. His immigration policies have damaged diplomatic relations with carried out a record 2.5 million deportations, Mexico, Brazil, and Colombia. He has even proposed renaming the Gulf of Mexico as the Gulf earning him the nickname Deporter-in-Chief. of America in his delusions.

BY CARLOS ARANGO PHOTOART: ALEJANDRO OYERVIDES

onald Trump’s administration was marked by its family separation policies, where children were locked in cages like animals. Trump radiated hatred and racism, a phenomenon that intensified even more during his recent campaign against Kamala Harris, where he made outrageous statements characteristic of someone consumed by xenophobia. He has become a messenger of fascism, reinforcing the narrative that Mexico and Mexicans are criminals. Historically, we have been victims of mass repatriations. In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, the United States deported 350,000 Mexicans, including U.S. citizens of Mexican descent. Decades later, Operation Wetback, launched during Dwight Eisenhower’s presidency, expelled thousands of workers who had participated in the Bracero Program, as well as other migrants derogatorily labeled as “wetbacks.” On January 6, Trump threatened mass raids to deport undocumented immigrants, and the day after his inauguration, his administration unleashed a wave of persecution and terror. However, they did not anticipate that the immigrant community had learned to defend itself: not opening the door to ICE without a judicial warrant, exercising the right to remain silent under the Fifth Amendment, not signing any documents without the presence of a lawyer, and, if necessary, seeking assistance from their country’s consulate. Trump’s anger toward sanctuary cities—a victory for the community that prevents local police from acting as ICE agents—led him to sue them for “obstruction of law” and threaten to withhold federal funds. However, the courts ruled against him. Still, the fear and uncertainty severely affected the community, to the point

01 Carlos Arango, President of the National Migrant Front in Chicago.

02 He is an immigrant rights organizer, writer, and pioneer of the vote for Mexicans abroad.

that places like 26th Street in Chicago became ghost towns due to deportation threats. In his attempt to intensify the crackdown, Trump proposed allowing ICE to enter schools, churches, and hospitals. He also reactivated detention centers and even suggested sending detainees to Guantánamo, treating them as if they were dangerous prisoners. However, this does not mean that raids in Chicago and other cities have ended. It is crucial that the community remains vigilant and continues organizing protests, boycotts, and Day

His hostility toward Mexico also includes threats of military intervention under the pretext of fighting drug trafficking, declaring four cartels as terrorist organizations to justify a possible incursion. Meanwhile, he dreams of turning Canada into the “51st star” of the American flag and displacing Palestinians from their lands to build a resort. We can only hope that the younger generations reclaim lost spaces and that we can change course in the next four years. This translation maintains the clarity, structure, and critical tone of the original Spanish text while ensuring fluency and readability in English. Let me know if you’d like any refinements!

03 In the city of Chicago, Illinois, there are approximately 3 million Mexicans.

CRIMINALIZATION

OF THE IMMIGRANT WORKER National Front of Immigrants

MONDAY / 02 / 24 / 2025 HERALDOUSA.COM/

10-11

GLOBAL MIGRATION

Economic and climate factors drive migration, but many countries lack effective policies for attracting skilled workers. Nations like Germany, the UK, and Japan have targeted visa programs, while the U.S. lags. Rethinking migration policies is essential for addressing labor shortages and enhancing global competitiveness.

AND LABOR MARKETS: how countries attract top talent

BY: JUAN ANTONIO “OSO” OSEGUERA PHOTOART: ALEJANDRO OYERVIDES

my Pope, director of the International Organization for Migration at the United Nations, writes in a Foreign Affairs article that today’s migration is mainly driven by climate and economic factors. People migrate due to natural disasters, to escape poverty, or to seek better opportunities. According to Pope, since the 1960s, the United States has issued only tens of thousands of work visas, rather than creating specific visas for skilled workers. She argues that this system pushes people into illegality, as they turn to asylum—a resource originally intended for political protection—to pursue economic opportunities. Instead of this approach, Pope suggests implementing programs that promote training for both skilled and unskilled workers in other countries, as well as creating work visas with specific quotas by profession to address the high labor demand in the United States and other nations. Pope cites Spain, which is facing a significant labor shortage due to its aging population. She also mentions Germany, which has implemented a training and recruitment system for nursing personnel in several foreign countries due to a lack of professionals in this field. Germany, known for welcoming Turkish migrants, has established agreements that allow these professionals to be trained either in their home country or directly in Germany. On the other hand, Pope expresses surprise that a right-wing populist government, such as that of Giorgia Meloni, Italy’s Prime Minister, has effectively implemented a migration program. Italy issues 450,000 work visas each year, primarily for high-demand sectors like healthcare, medical care, and agriculture. This program includes agreements with countries of origin to repatriate illegal migrants, while also welcoming new workers who will be trained in these fields by Italian or local experts, depending on the agreement. Pope also emphasizes that numerous countries like India and Australia, have similar agreements to attract skilled migrant workers. While it is improbable that this approach will be reevaluated under a Trump administration, Pope believes this is an opportune moment to rethink migration policies. Current ideas on the subject have become outdated and are at the core of many of today’s issues.

COUNTRIES WITH MIGRATION PROGRAMS UNITED KINGDOM SINGAPORE

GERMANY A POINTS-BASED SYSTEM AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SKILLED PROFESSIONALS HIGH-DEMAND SECTORS Germany has implemented policies to attract highly skilled professionals, particularly in sectors crucial for economic growth and innovation. The most in-demand fields include: Engineering (automotive, IT, electrical, mechanical, telecommunications) Information technology (IT)

Healthcare and medical services STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics)

Accounting and finance

Hospitality and tourism

Education

Sales and marketing

AVERAGE SALARIES Salaries vary depending on the sector and the professional’s experience: IT professionals earn an average salary of $52,400 annually.

Engineers earn an average annual wage of about $70,400.

Salaries tend to be higher in specialized fields like finance or advanced engineering.

A POINTS-BASED SYSTEM FOR SKILLED PROFESSIONALS HIGH-DEMAND SECTORS The UK, utilizing its points-based immigration system, prioritizes immigrants with skills. The most sought-after fields include: Information technology Engineering (especially software and hardware) Finance Education

Healthcare (doctors, nurses, technicians) Sciences (biotechnology, chemistry) Average salaries

ATTRACTING TALENT THROUGH TAX INCENTIVES HIGH-DEMAND SECTORS Singapore has established policies to attract highly skilled immigrants in high-value sectors. The key fields include: Information technology (especially cybersecurity, AI, and software)

Finance (banking, investments, accounting)

Engineering (electrical, civil, and biomedical)

Healthcare (medical specialists, nursing)

Biotechnology

AVERAGE SALARIES

Engineers’ salaries range from $44,000 to almost $76,000 annually, based on experience and specialization.

Education

ADAPTING TO THE NEED FOR SKILLED LABOR HIGH-DEMAND SECTORS Japan, which has traditionally resisted immigration, is now starting to welcome skilled professionals in response to its aging population and labor shortages in specific sectors. The fields with the highest demand include: Engineering (mechanical, electronics, software) Healthcare (doctors, nurses) Finance and consulting

AVERAGE SALARIES

In the UK, salaries also vary by sector: IT professionals can earn between $38,000 and $63,000 per year, depending on their specialization.

JAPAN

Salaries are generally higher in London and other tech-driven cities.

JOB DURATION

Most employment contracts in Germany are indefinite, although jobs may start with a probation period of up to six months. Additionally, migrant workers have access to benefits such as health insurance, paid vacation, and, in some cases, housing.

The UK offers temporary and permanent contracts, depending on the job. Migrant workers can apply for a “Skilled Worker Visa,” which allows qualified professionals to work legally for up to five years and has an option available.

Information technology (software development, networks, AI) Sciences (chemists, biologists)

AVERAGE SALARIES

Salaries in Singapore are generally high for skilled workers:

Salaries for migrants in Japan differ based on sector and experience level.

IT professionals earn between $3,000 and $6,000 per month.

IT professionals can earn between $20,000 and $32,000 annually.

Engineers obtain between $3,800 and $7,000 per month.

Medical specialists can earn as much as $10,000 per month.

Engineers’ salaries range from $24,000 to $40,000 per year, depending on specialization.

Doctors and nurses earn an average of $24,000 per year.

JOB DURATION

Contracts in Singapore are usually fixed-term, with renewal options depending on the industry and performance. Singapore issues Employment Passes for skilled professionals, which are valid for up to two years with the potential for renewal. Additionally, there is the S Pass for mid-skilled workers.

In Japan, contracts are generally indefinite. However, migrant workers entering with specific visas, such as the Highly Skilled Professional Visa, frequently have long-term contracts that can be renewed after three years of employment. In some cases, workers may achieve permanent residency after several years of legal residence and employment.

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Each of these countries has established migration policies designed to attract highly skilled immigrants, specifically tailored to address their labor market needs. Additionally, they offer various incentives and favorable working conditions that enable immigrants to contribute economically while ensuring they enjoy a high quality of life and a clear path to permanent residency in the host country. The involvement of skilled professionals supports migrants and bolsters key industries in these countries, increasing their global competitiveness.

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Fuerza Migrante highlighted that housing access, investment security in Mexico, and reactivating the 3x1 program with federal funding are priorities for migrants. BY: ANGÉLICA SIMÓN UGALDE ILUSTRATION: ALEJANDRO OYERVIDES

FUERZA MIGRANTE’S PROPOSALS AND DEMANDS Three main factors influence Mexican migration: poverty, insecurity, and, increasingly, climate change. Many migrants come from rural areas that are greatly affected by these issues. To address these issues, Fuerza Migrante proposed the following actions: Implement medium- and long-term strategies to mitigate climate change and its effects on agriculture. Tackle violence and insecurity in states with high migration. Create initiatives that promote local economic growth and decrease reliance on remittances. “We are deeply concerned that our families are not creating productive projects in their communities. We can continue to break records and send more money, but without investment programs, these resources won’t be used effectively,” warned Meza. Another pressing concern is the need for investment security in Mexico. Migrants aim to purchase homes or launch businesses, but the absence of infor-

Update consular services and enhance legal aid for migrants.

Establish a fund for mobility and economic reintegration.

AVELINO MEZA, SECRETARY GENERAL OF FUERZA MIGRANTE, EMPHASIZED THE IMPORTANCE OF PLACING POVERTY, INSECURITY, AND CLIMATE CHANGE AT THE HEART OF THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (PND). THESE ISSUES DEEPLY AFFECT THE COMMUNITIES THAT MANY MEXICANS CALL HOME AND FROM WHICH COUNTLESS PEOPLE EMIGRATE.

Create educational and cultural programs between the two nations.

STRATEGIC PROPOSALS

arlier this year, the Mexican government kicked off consultations for the National Development Plan (PND), which will serve as a roadmap for the country’s growth over the next six years. Although it was crafted by experts, there’s a wonderful opportunity for everyone to share their thoughts, including the Mexican diaspora! The final version of the PND, incorporating these contributions, will be submitted to Congress by February 28. One of the most active voices in this process has been Fuerza Migrante, a binational organization that unites over 600 organizations, federations, clubs, leaders, chambers of commerce, and Mexican migrants. The group took part in a consultation organized by the government of Sonora, one of Mexico’s key border states. In an interview with Heraldo USA, Avelino Meza expressed gratitude that the viewpoints of Mexican migrants are being considered in the PND 20242030. “Mexicans in the U.S. are still Mexican by right. Our zip code doesn’t define how Mexican we are. Of course, we care about the well-being of our families back home,” he said. “We have fought to fully assert our rights and to be included in every stage where citizens can contribute to Mexico’s development.”

FUERZA MIGRANTE OUTLINED ELEVEN KEY PROPOSALS TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE MIGRANT COMMUNITY:

EDUCATION, DIGNIFIED WORK, ECONOMIC GROWTH, REDUCING INEQUALITIES, PEACE, JUSTICE, AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS, ALONG WITH PARTNERSHIPS ARE PART OF THE ESTABLISHED SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS WITH FOCUS ON MIGRANTS THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN THE PND.

Acknowledge foreign academic and professional credentials.

Ensure political rights via voting and discussions.

Encourage binational entrepreneurship and coinvestment. Offer mental health and emotional support.

Safeguard labor rights using legal networks.

Enhance cultural diplomacy with migrant leaders.

Digitize and broaden consular services.

Support Mexican entrepreneurs in the U.S.

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mation and straightforward procedures complicates these objectives. Fuerza Migrante is calling for the reactivation or restructuring of the 3x1 program at the federal level. While some states have maintained similar 2x1 schemes, where the government matches migrant contributions for community infrastructure projects, a nationwide program is essential. “We understand that many of these programs have been corrupted, and we acknowledge our shared responsibility as migrant leaders. However, if properly safeguarded, these initiatives can greatly improve our families’ quality of life,” Meza explained. Additionally, he emphasized the need to strengthen civil society networks among Mexicans in the U.S. Currently, there is no updated or reliable registry of Mexican civil organizations abroad, and enhanced training and cooperation with the federal government are necessary. BEYOND THE ECONOMY: IDENTITY, CULTURE, AND PROTECTION Aside from economic concerns, the migrant agenda also aims to strengthen cultural ties and promote Mexican identity among younger generations, empower vulnerable groups like women, children, and indigenous communities, and ensure their protection and inclusion. “At Fuerza Migrante, we work to bring together all these voices and create proposals that represent everyone. We all agree that we have a greater chance of achieving real change when we work together. Unity is the only path forward,” said Meza. The group reaffirmed its commitment to advocating for these proposals across various forums to ensure they receive attention. “There is still much to do to turn these ideas into tangible policies. Whether it’s the projects that Fuerza Migrante has presented or those suggested by other organizations, this consultation was a vital first step,” he concluded. In its official document submitted to the Mexican government, the Mexican diaspora reaffirmed its commitment to playing an active role in the country’s transformation. The proposals highlight the necessity for policies that acknowledge migrants’ contributions and address their needs. “We’ve done our part; we responded to the invitation, raised the issues, and now we hope the federal government takes action.”

MEXICAN MIGRANTS IN THE US EXPRESS THEIR VOICE: KEY PROPOSALS FOR THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

MEXICO SUPPORTS

AMBITIOUS CLIMATE MEASURE

AT THE UN’S INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION Mexico has just backed a flat levy on carbon emissions on international shipping at the United Nations’ International Maritime Organization (IMO) most recent negotiations in London, joining countries like Panama, Belize, the European Union, various nations from Africa and the Pacific, and the International Chamber of Shipping, one of the most prominent industry conglomerates.

BY TANIA MIRANDA* PHOTOART: ALEJANDRO OYERVIDES

he IMO’s Intersessional Working Group on Greenhouse Gases (ISWG-GHG 18) worked at full speed last week, in the previous to last meeting before the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) convenes from April 7-11. At the April session, consensus must be reached on the measures that will help implement the decarbonization strategy IMO members agreed on in 2023, to achieve emissions cuts of 20% by 2030 and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. The key question that remains is how these crucial policies will be designed, and whether they will be ambitious enough to deliver shipping’s climate commitments. This, after parties were unable to reach consensus during the tense MEPC negotiations from October of last year. An economic measure like a flat, universal tax on emissions, which would work in tandem with a technical measure, would help close the price gap between fossil fuels and zero-emission fuels—such as those derived from green hydrogen. It would also provide market certainty, ensuring that the necessary resources are allocated for their large-scale production. Additionally, the revenue collected could be used to support other mitigation and adaptation measures, particularly in vulnerable countries, thus advancing the climate justice long sought by the Global South. In fact, the latest research published by UNCTAD, the UN Trade and Development or-

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ganization, indicates that the impact on global GDP by mid-century is lowest in scenarios with a carbon tax, especially with a higher price on emissions, and also achieves greater emission reductions. Similarly, a new study from the University College London’s Energy Institute concludes that policies based on fuel standards and without a flat fee on emissions, would fail to drive the adoption of non-fossil fuels before 2040 and as a result, these options would not be available in significant volumes for its use in the shipping sector. With this strategic move, Mexico could position itself as a key producer of alternative fuels by channeling resources into the development of clean energy supply chains, where it already has vast potential, and the port infrastructure needed to support them. Furthermore, if a broader revenue distribution system is negotiated with said levy, Mexico could secure funds to implement the national port network decarbonization strategy published by the Ministry of the Navy in 2024, and invest in building more climate resilient ports, which are increasingly vulnerable to extreme weather events. The IMO recently announced Mexico’s acceptance to the Green Voyage 2050 program, through which it will receive technical assistance to develop a National Action Plan for shipping decarbonization, aligned with the already mentioned IMO’s climate goals. Supporting a carbon tax at the IMO is not only consistent with the purpose of this program, but also aligns with the position and ambition of other federal agencies under the Sheinbaum administration that have endorsed a carbon-neutral economy by mid-century in international fora. The two strongest anti-levy voices have largely been China and Brazil. It is refreshing to see the second largest economy in Latin America counter Brazil—the number one economy—with a more ambitious stance, almost leveling the regional scale, even though Mexico is not nearly as vocal at IMO negotiations historically. Hopefully Brazil, host of the upcoming COP30 and home to the largest area of tropical rainforest on the planet, will reconsider and take its climate leadership to the IMO. For now, Mexico must, on the one hand, advocate for a strong enough tax with a wide enough revenue distribution as to catalyze the shipping’s clean energy transition as quickly as needed and generate enough revenues to support countries in the scale needed. A $150/ton levy put forth by the Pacific States would, for instance, unlock up to US $127 billion per year. On the other hand, it should leverage its weight in the region as to bring other Latin American and Caribbean nations on board this proposal—one that could bring great benefits to the region and to the Global South more broadly. *Tania Miranda is Director of the Environment & Climate Change Program at the Institute of the Americas..

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INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT THE FLAGS OF MEXICO AND THE U.S.:

UNITED STATES:

In 1969, the American flag became the first to be planted on the Moon, during the Apollo 11 mission a symbol of human achievement and space exploration.

MEXICO:

The National Defense Secretariat (SEDENA) is home to the Clothing and Equipment Factories Directorate, the only place that manufactures official flags for public squares and national and international buildings, such as Mexican embassies worldwide.

MEXICO:

When the flag fades, wears out, or loses its colors, a ceremonial incineration is performed with full honors, following an official protocol.

UNITED STATES:

The stars and their evolution each star represents a state. The last one was added in 1960, when Hawaii became the 50th state, completing the design of 13 stripes and 50 stars.

After the 9/11 attacks, the flag that was placed at the World Trade Center was later flown on the Endeavour space shuttle in 2001 as a symbol of resilience and unity.

MEXICO:

There is a Center for the Control and Protection of the Golden Eagle, the same eagle depicted on the Mexican flag. As an endangered species, it is rescued, cared for, bred, and released back into the wild.

WHETHER IN MEXICO OR ABROAD, JUST SEEING THE MEXICAN FLAG WAVING FILLS YOU WITH PRIDE AND PATRIOTISM. THE FLAG OF MEXICO HAS A LONG HISTORY JUST AS LONG AS THE PROCESS THAT LED US TO SEE IT AS WE KNOW IT TODAY, WITH ITS UNIQUE MYSTIQUE AND SOME FACTS THAT SURE YOU DIDN’T KNOW. TODAY, I WILL TELL YOU ALL ABOUT THEM.

The most enormous Mexican flag in the world is in Piedras Negras, Coahuila. It stands 120 meters tall, measures 60 meters in length and 34 meters in width, and weighs over 300 kilograms. Raising it requires more than 100 people.

Quick facts about the

MEXICAN FLAG

BY ALAN VARGAS PHOTOART: ALEJANDRO OYERVIDES

EBRUARY 24: FLAG DAY This date was established in 1934 and officially recognized by then-President Lázaro Cárdenas. President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz decreed the current design, shape, and characteristics. Still, its history goes back to 1821 with the Trigarante Flag, which featured three stripes: white (Catholicism), green (independence between Mexico and Spain), and red (equality between Mexicans and Spaniards). After the empire's fall in 1823, the current design with the republican eagle was adopted. During Benito Juárez presidency, the colors took on a new meaning: hope, unity, and the blood of the heroes.

The flags of the United States and Mexico: united by their history of independence. There is no other day in the United States when the Mexican flag is displayed more than on May 5th (Cinco de Mayo). But when both flags come together at stadiums, events, or even demonstrations they create a fascinating mosaic of historical colors, connected by their similar paths to independence. In 1776, the U.S. ceased to be a British colony and declared independence on July 4th. At that time, there was no official flag, although the American Flag (Independentist Flag) was in use, as well as the Betsy Ross Flag, which was the first official U.S. flag. The 13 stripes (white and red) still symbolize the original American colonies that gained independence from Great Britain.

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As a young man, he was an extra in a lucha libre film

BAFTA nominations Filmed in Rome, Italy, for two months

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Based on the 2016 novel Conclave by Robert Harris

Oscar nominations Directed by Edward Berger and written by Peter Straughan

After taking online courses, the Mexican actor landed a role in Conclave, a multiaward-winning film BY NAYELY RAMÍREZ PHOTO: ALEJANDRO OYERVIDES

arlos Diehz is a Mexican architect based in Canada. Until the pandemic, his dream of acting was a dream. But he decided to take online courses, and once he completed them, he hired an agent who got him auditions for commercials. Then, one day, he was offered a role in an untitled film. All he knew was that it had a religious theme. Today, everyone talks about Cardinal Benítez, the character he plays in Conclave, a film with eight Oscar nominations. “I’ve always been drawn to the arts. As a kid, I wanted to be a singer, a producer—anything

creative. But when I discovered what acting was, I said, ‘I want to be an actor.’ The problem was I was very shy. I grew up with attention deficit disorder, always daydreaming. In high school, I started coming out of my shell. I wanted to join the acting workshop in college, but it wasn’t for me.” After being cast in the role, Carlos initially had doubts about the film’s subject matter, but his passion for acting took precedence. “As an actor, your job is to serve the story—you can’t judge it or the character. If you start having personal biases, then it’s better not to take the project because you won’t be able to bring it to life authentically. I liked the story, but what truly excited me was seeing that Ralph Fiennes was the lead actor.” He added, “So I studied the story. It’s con-

troversial, but it’s essentially a political thriller. The novel’s author writes about politics, history, and espionage, and he decided to explore the Vatican. Imagining what happens behind the scenes during a papal election is fascinating. What caught my attention the most was that nearly all the characters in the film have real-life counterparts in church history. There have been popes with secret families and others who openly embraced wealth and power, like the Medici. If you don’t know much about the history of the Catholic Church, the plot might seem shocking.” “When you look back 400 or 500 years, you realize it’s not so different from today. The film is an experiment that explores the following question: What if this happened now? That’s where my character, Cardinal Benítez, comes in.

He’s a missionary but also a leader—he speaks when needed, and everything he says has been carefully thought out. Throughout history, there have been popes, cardinals, and saints like Saint Francis of Assisi and Saint Ignatius of Loyola— one focused on spirituality and love, the other on leadership. That’s what made me fall in love with this role.” A LEARNING EXPERIENCE Being surrounded by such a high-profile cast could be overwhelming for a new actor, but Diehz said that a colleague’s support helped him through the project. “Yes, it’s a lot of pressure. Luckily, I had a secret coach on set—John Lithgow. We talked during the preparation week, and we’ve been

great friends ever since. On the second day, he told me, ‘I’ll be your secret coach. If you need anything, ask me.’” He also said the atmosphere on set was filled with camaraderie. “I felt so much emotional support and kindness from Isabella Rossellini—I even introduce her as my aunt now. That connection was key to making it all work.” Although his schedule is now packed with red carpets, interviews, and awards, Carlos insists his life hasn’t changed that much. “I still work as an architect on projects here in Canada. The pace is different from Mexico, but my boss supports my acting and work. I saw the same thing in Rome with my castmates—they lead relatively normal lives. They’re just ordinary people doing extraordinary things.”

CARLOS DIEHZ THE MEXICAN ARCHITECT WHO FOUND HIS WAY TO HOLLYWOOD

TU VOZ MÁS ALLÁ DE LA FRONTERA RESALTAMOS EL VALOR, APORTACIONES E HISTORIAS DE LOS MIGRANTES MEXICANOS EN ESTADOS UNIDOS.

TODOS LOS SÁBADOS DE 17:00 A 18:00 HORAS

ALEJANDRA ICELA MARTÍNEZ

UNA ESTACIÓN MÁS DE HERALDO MEDIA GROUP

DANIEL BENET