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OXFORD COMMENTARIES ON INTERNATIONAL LAW

General Editors: Professor Philip Alston, Professor of International Law at New York University, and Laurence Boisson de Chazournes, Professor of Law at the University of Geneva

The United Nations Convention Against Corruption

A Commentary

Edited by CECILY ROSE

MICHAEL KUBICIEL

OLIVER LANDWEHR

3

Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © The Several Contributors 2019

The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2019

Impression: 1

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above

You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer

Crown copyright material is reproduced under Class Licence Number C01P0000148 with the permission of OPSI and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland

Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Data available

Library of Congress Control Number: 2018964424

ISBN 978–0–19–880395–9

Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY

Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work.

Foreword

When I was approached by the editors to contribute a foreword to this Commentary on the United Nations Convention Against Corruption, I hesitated. Not because I thought that the topic of the book was not important enough or unworthy of scholarly attention: To the contrary. However, neither during my years at the International Court of Justice, nor during my tenure since at the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, nor in the various (both inter-state and investor-state) arbitrations that I have been involved with did corruption explicitly play any role. And yet, it often was the proverbial elephant in the room. Recently, in the case concerning Immunities and Criminal Proceedings (Equatorial Guinea v France), a complaint brought by a non-governmental anti-corruption organisation against certain African politicians in respect of allegations of misappropriation of public funds, the proceeds of which had allegedly been invested in France, was even at the origin of an ICJ case.

Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that until very recently, the issue of corruption had not yet received the attention it deserves—from politicians and organisations but also from international lawyers and scholars. While bribery and other forms of corruption have been on the criminal statute books of many countries for decades or centuries, the fight against corruption at the international level has only begun as late as the 1990s, notably with the 1997 OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. Academic contributions on the fight against corruption by international lawyers are still few and far between. Only recently, scholars have begun to explore the nexus between corruption, good governance, and human rights in any depth. And to today, it can be delicate to point out that corruption may be the single most important obstacle to development; that there is a clear relationship between corruption and inequality in countries; and that corruption is both a driver and facilitator of illegal migration. The awareness of these interrelations might have been one of the reasons why the UN International Law Commission decided not to take up corruption as a topic for codification or progressive development.

If, increasingly, these discussions are being held and these issues are being tackled today, both politically and academically, it is in no small measure thanks to the Convention. In the fifteen years of its existence, it has achieved almost universal adherence. It has provided a global legal framework for the fight against corruption in all its forms, both professionalising and de-politicising that fight. It has provided a forum for states to share best practices and information. Through regular meetings, it has created an international community of anti-corruption experts and an agora for the international anti-corruption discourse.

The present book provides the first article-by-article commentary to the Convention, thus giving lawyers, scholars, and practitioners a very useful tool to interpret and apply it. We may never fully eradicate corruption, just like we will never be able to eradicate crime or terrorism. Maybe that is part of the price we have to pay to live in an open, free, and democratic society. But actually, the more transparent and democratic a

society is, the more resilient it seems to be against corruption. And the more corruption is reduced, the more open societies can thrive. Hopefully, this book will be a modest contribution to this struggle.

Bruno Simma

Member of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal Judge, International Court of Justice (2003–2012) Professor of international law, Universities of Munich and Michigan

Preface

The 2003 United Nations Convention Against Corruption marks the peak of the development of international anti-corruption law. It represents the culmination of post-Cold War efforts to internationalise domestic criminal laws and policies concerning corruption. Since the Convention’s conclusion in 2003 and entry into force in 2005, however, the global political climate has become less hospitable to internationalisation efforts of this sort, with nationalism on the rise, and multilateral institutions under stress. The future development of international anti-corruption laws and policies seemingly hangs in the balance. Yet, the importance of the fight against corruption has been highlighted in recent years by the ‘Odebrecht’ scandal in Latin America, migration crises that are caused in part by corruption, and political interventions in the judiciaries of East European states, to name but a few examples.

Against this backdrop, the following commentary aims to further our understanding of this Convention and to provide a platform for future work in the international anticorruption field. The editors embarked on this commentary in 2015 with a view towards generating more knowledge about this treaty—what its provisions mean, why they read as they do, and what they signify in practice. Readers will find interpretations of the treaty’s provisions, as well as discussions of the drafting history, parallel provisions in other anti-corruption treaties, and data on implementation and enforcement in domestic legal systems. The editors hope that the commentary will not only help to fill a need for more scholarship about the treaty, but also to foster more research in the future about the operation and impact of this instrument in practice.

The editors are deeply grateful to the thirty-five contributing authors, whose chapters it has been a pleasure to read and to edit. It has also been our pleasure to work with the editors at Oxford University Press—Merel Alstein, Emma Endean, Kimberly Marsh, Natasha Flemming, and Jack McNichol. Without the dedication of the contributing authors and the editors at OUP, this volume would never have come to fruition.

CR, MK, OL September 2018

Acknowledgements

The editors would like to thank Ms. Saskia Lemeire and Ms. Talitha Ramphal for their assistance during the preliminary stages of this project; Ms. Katrin Rossbach and Mr. Patrick Probst, for their help with the index and the bibliography; and Kiran Kumar, of Newgen, for managing the immense task of copy-editing this volume. In addition, one of our contributors, Professor Cedric Ryngaert, would like to acknowledge that the research which resulted in the chapter on Article 42 (Jurisdiction) was funded by the European Research Council under the Starting Grant Scheme (Proposal 336230—UNIJURIS).

CHAPTER II: PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Article

CHAPTER IV: INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

CHAPTER V: ASSET RECOVERY

Introduction to Articles 54 and 55 547

Article 54: Mechanisms for recovery of property through international cooperation in confiscation 549

Article 55: International cooperation for purposes of confiscation 558

Article 56: Special cooperation 565

Article 57: Return and disposal of assets 569

Article 58: Financial intelligence unit 587

Article 59: Bilateral and multilateral agreements and arrangements 601

CHAPTER VI: TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND INFORMATION EXCHANGE

Article 60: Training and technical assistance 605

Article 61: Collection, exchange, and analysis of information on corruption 616

Article 62: Other measures: implementation of the convention through economic development and technical assistance 621

CHAPTER VII: MECHANISMS FOR IMPLEMENTATION

Article 63: Conference of the states parties to the convention 627

Article 64: Secretariat 639

CHAPTER VIII: FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 65: Implementation of the convention 643

Article 66: Settlement of disputes 647

Article 67: Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval, and accession 657

Article 68: Entry into force 662

Article 69: Amendments 665

Article 70: Denunciation 669

Article 71: Depositary and languages 672

Table of Cases

NATIONAL

United Kingdom

Attorney-General for Hong Kong v Reid [1993] UKPC 2, [1994] 1 AC 32, [1994] 1 All ER 14 .................................................... 351, 542–43

Brazil v Durant International Corp [2015] UKPC 35, PC (Jersey) 540–41

E v Sharpe (1937) 26 Cr App R 122 265–66

FHR European Ventures LLP v Cedar Capital Partners LLC [2014] UKSC 45 .................. 351

National Iranian Oil Co v Crescent Petroleum Co International Ltd [2016] EWHC 505 205–6

Nigeria v Santolina Investment Corp [2007] EWHC 3053 (QB) ..................... 540–41, 542

R v Davis (1910) 4 Cr App R 21 265–66

R v John-Ayo [2009] 1 Cr App R (S) 71 216–17

R v Panayiotou [I973] 1 WLR 1032 ............................................... 265–66

Serious Fraud Office v Rolls-Royce Plc [2017] WL 00219524 (Crown Ct (Southwark)) 92–93

Tesco Supermarkets Ltd v Nastrass [1972] AC 153 279

Argentina

Alsogaray, Cámara Nacional de Casación Penal, 9 June 2005; Suprema Corte SC A 1846; L XLI .... 232

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Republic of Srpska Basic Court of Sokolac, No 007744 89 0 K 09 K, 14/12/2009 184

Canada

Attorney General of Canada v Dwight Hickey (New Brunswick CA, File No. 38-09-CA, 2009, unreported)............................................................ 418

MM v United States, 2015 SCC 62 417

R v Corbett [1988] 1 SCR 670 404

R v Handy [2002] 2 SCR 908 ....................................................... 404

R v Hearn (1989) 48 CCC(3d) 376 (Nfld CA) 272

R v Perera (1991) 5 BCAC 302 (BCCA) 404

R v Stratton (1978) 21 OR (2d) 258 (OntCA) .......................................... 404

United States v Fischbacher[2009] 3 SCR 170, 2009 SCC 46 417, 424

Colombia

Decision C-1065/03, Constitutional Court of Colombia, 11 November 2003 326

Germany

Judgment of the German Constitutional Court of 14 January 2004, Case no 2 BvR 564/95 ....... 236

Hong Kong

Attorney General v Hui Kin Hong [1995] 1 HKCLR 227 223–24, 227, 233

Ireland

Murphy v GM, PB, PC Ltd and GH (2001) IESC 92 326

Israel

State of Israel v Dan Cohen (Tel Aviv District Court) Case No. 4004/09 ................... 311–12

Lithuania

Kaunas Regional Court of Appeal, Judgment of 2 July 2014, Case 1A-25-485-2014 232 Order of the Lithuanian Supreme Court of 10 November 2015, Case 2K-P-100-222/2015 ...................................................... 232

Philippines

People of the Philippines v Corazon M Lacap, Criminal Case No SB-08-CRM-0030 212–13

People of the Philippines v Joseph Ejercito Estrada, Criminal Case No 26558, Decision, 12 September 2007 ................................................... 186

Singapore

PertambanganMinyakdan Gas Bumi Negara (Pertamina), [1994] 3 SLR 257; [1994] SGCA 105 ........................................................... 540

PP v Koh Seah Wee and Lim Chia Meng [2012] 1 SLR 292 191

Thathir Kartika Ratna v PT PertambanganMinyakdan Gas Bumi Negara (Pertamina) [1994] 3 SLR (R) 312; [1994] SGCA 105 .................................. 540, 542–43

South Africa

National Director of Public Prosecutionsv Mohamed No (CCT44/02)2003 (4) SA 1 (CC)

326

S v Rosenthal 1980 (1) SA 65 (A) ................................................. 290–91

United States

Gerzof v Sweeney, 22 NY 2d 297 (1968) 354

People v Casas, 184 Cal App. 4th 1242 (2010) .......................................... 247

People v Sisuphan, 181 Cal App. 4th 800 (2010) ........................................ 247

Piper Aircraft v Reyno, 454 U.S. 235, 250 (1981) 541

Republic of Iraq v ABB AG, Case: 08 Civ. 5951 (SDNY, 6 February 2013) .................... 540

Republic of the Philippines v Marcos, 862 F2d 1355 (9th Cir, 1988), cert. denied, 490 US 1035 (1989) 539–40

US v Ursery, 24 June 1996 ......................................................... 326

US v Williams, 611 F2d 914, 195 (1st Cir, 1977) 428 US v Wiseman, 274 F3d 1235 (2001, 9th Cir.) 247

EUROPEAN UNION

Criminal Proceedings Against Tomasz Rubach (Case C-344/08) [2009] ECR I-7033 ............. 311

SA Buitoni v Fonds d’orientation et de régulation des marches agricoles (Case 122/78) (1979) ECR 677 ............................................................. 282

INTERNATIONAL

European Court of Human Rights

Air Canada v UK, App No 18465/91 (1995) 20 EHRR 150 ............................ 563–64

Al-Khawaja and Tahery v UK, App Nos 26766/05 and 22228/06, 15 December 2011 ..... 335–36, 510

Ali v Romania, App No 20307/02, ECHR 9 November 2010 511–12

Allgemeine Gold- und Silberscheideanstalt AG (AGOSI) v UK, App No 9118/80 (1987) 9 EHRR 1 563–64

Amann v Switzerland, App No 27798/95, ECHR 16 February 2000, 30 Eur HR Rep 843 506–7

Arcuri v Italy, App No 52024/99, 5 July 2001 .................................... 326, 563–64

Baltins v Latvia, App No 25282/07, ECHR 8 January 2013 511

Bannikova v Russia, App No 18757/06, ECHR 4 November 2010 511–12

Beraru v Romania, App No 40107/04, ECHR 18 March 2014, [2014] ECHR 289 .............. 510

Bulfinsky v Romania, App No 28823/04, ECHR 1 June 2010 511–12

Butler v UK, App No 41661/98, ECHR, 27 June 2002 325

Bykov v Russia, App No 4378/02, ECHR 10 May 2009, [2009] ECHR 441 .......... 506–7, 511–12

Caballero v UK, App No 32819/96 (2000) 30 EHRR 643 311

Camilleri v Malta, App No 42931/10, 22 January 2013 479–80

Coëme v Belgium, App No 32492/96, 22 June 2000 ..................................... 480

Constantin and Stojan v Romania, App Nos 23782/06 and 46629/06, ECHR 9 November 2010 511–12

Dassa Foundation v Liechtenstein, App No 696/05, 10 July 2007 ........................ 563–64

Doerga v Netherlands, App No 50210/99, ECHR 27 April 2004, [2004] ECHR 175 506–7

Dumitru Popescu v Romania (2), App No 27798/95, ECHR 26 April 2007, [2013] ECHR 506 ........................................................... 507

Edwards and Lewis v UK, App Nos 39647/98 and 40461/98, ECHR 22 July 2003, [2003] ECHR 381; Grand Chamber, ECHR 27 Oct 2004, [2004] ECHR 560 511–12

Eurofinacom v France, App No 58753/00, ECHR 7 September 2004, Eur Ct HR (2004) 510

Furcht v Germany, App No 56648/09, ECHR 23 October 2014, [2014] ECHR 1138 ........... 511

Geerings v Netherlands, App No 30810/03, 1 March 2007 563–64

Gillow v UK, App No 9063/80, ECHR 24 November 1986, Series A No. 109 508

Gogitidze v Georgia, App No 36862/05, 12 May 2015 .................................... 564

Gorgievski v Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, App No 18002/02, ECHR 16 July 2009 511

Grayson v UK, App No 19955/05, ECHR, 23 September 2008 325

Heinisch v Germany, App No 28274/08, ECHR 21 July 2004 .............................. 344

Hertel v Switzerland, App No 25181/94, ECHR 25 Aug 1998, Eur Ct HR 46 (1998) 508

Huvig and Huvig-Sylvestre v France, App No 11105/84, ECHR 24 April 1990, 1 Eur HR Rep 528 .....................................................

506–7, 508

Iordachi v Moldova, App No 25198/02, ECHR 10 February 2009, [2009] ECHR 256 506–7

Jersild v Denmark, App No 15890/89, ECHR 20 October 1994, 19 Eur HR Rep 1 ............. 508

Khan v UK, App No 35394/97, ECHR 12 May 2000, 31 Eur HR Rep 45 507

Khudobin v Russia, App No 59696/00 (2009) 48 EHRR 22 511

Kopp v Switzerland, App No 23224/94, ECHR 25 March 1998, 27 Eur HR Rep 93 ........... 506–7

Kruslin v France, App No 11801/85, EC 24 April 1990, 12 Eur HR Rep 547 506–7, 508

Lagutin v Russia, App No 6228/09, ECHR 24 April 2014 511

Lavents v Latvia, App No 58442/00, 28 November 2002 .................................. 480

Leander v Sweden, App No 9248/81, ECHR 26 March 1987, 9 Eur HR Rep 433 506–7, 508

Liberty v UK, App No 58243/00, ECHR 1 July 2008, [2011] ECHR 1273 506–7

Ludi v Switzerland, App No 12433/86, ECHR 15 June 1992, Series A No. 238 ................. 510

M v Italy, App No 12386/86, 15 April 1991 563–64

Malininas v Lithuania, App No 10071/04, ECHR 1 July 2008 511–12

Malone v UK, App No 8691/79, ECHR 2 August 1984, 7 Eur HR Rep 14 .............. 506–7, 508

Murray v UK, App No 18731/91, 8 February 1996 233–34

Observer and Guardian v UK, App No 13585/88, ECHR 26 November 1991, 14 Eur HR Rep 153 .......................................................... 508

Phillips v UK, App No 41087/98 (2000) 30 EHRR CD 170 325, 563–64

Pyrgiotakis v Greece, App No 15100/2006, ECHR 21 February 2008 511

Raimondo v Italy, App No 12954/87 (1994) 18 EHRR 237 ......................... 326, 563–64

Rajcoomar v UK, App No 59457/00, ECHR 14 December 2004 511–12

Ramanauskas v Lithuania, App No 74420/01, ECHR 5 February 2008, Eur Ct HR 119 510–12

Riela v Italy, App No 52439/99, ECHR4 September 2001 ................................. 326

Rotaru v Romania, App No 28341/95, ECHR 4 May 2000, 8 BHRC 449 506–7

Rowe & Davis v UK, App No 28901/95, ECHR 16 February 2000, [2000] ECHR 91 510

Rummi v Estonia, App No 63362/09, 15 February 2015 ............................... 563–64

Saccoccia v Austria, App No 69917/01, 5 July 2007; (2010) 50 EHRR 11 563–64

Salabiaku v France, App No 10519/83, 7 October 1988 232–33

Sequeira v Portugal, App No 73557/01, ECHR 6 May 2003 ............................... 511

Silickienè v Lithuania, App No 20496/02, 10 April 2012 563–64

Smirnova v Russia, App Nos 46133/99 and 48183/99, ECHR 24 July 2003 311–12

Sunday Times v UK, App No 13166/87, ECHR 26 November 1991, 14 Eur HR Rep 123 ........ 508

Taylor-Sabori v UK, App No 47114/99, ECHR 22 October 2002, [2002] ECHR 691 507

Teixeira de Castro v Portugal, App No 25829/94, ECHR 9 Jun 1998, 28 Eur HR Rep 101 510–11

V v Finland, App No 40412/98, ECHR 24 April 2007 ................................. 511–12

Valenzuela Contreras v Spain, App No 27671/95, ECHR 10 Jul 1998, Reports 1998-V (No. 83), 1909 506–7, 508

Van Mechelen v The Netherlands, App No 21363/93, ECHR 23 Apr 1997, 25 Eur HR Rep 647 ... 510

Van Offeren v The Netherlands, App No 19581/04, ECHR 5 July 2005 325

Vanyan v Russia, App No 53203/99, ECHR 15 December 2005 511

Veselovv Russia, App Nos 23200/10, 24009/07 and 556/10, ECHR 2 October 2012 ............ 511

Vlachos v Greece, App No 20643/06, ECHR 18 September 2008 511

Walsh v UK, App No 43384/05, 21 November 2006 .................................. 563–64

Weber and Saravia v Germany, App No 54934/00, ECHR 29 June 2006, [2006] ECHR 1173 ... 506–7

Welch v UK, App No 17440/90 (1995) 20 EHRR 247 563–64

International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)

Getma International v Republic of Guinea, ICSID Case No ARB/11/29, Award, 16 August 2016 205–6

Gustav Hamester GmbH v Republic of Ghana, ICSID Case No ARB/07/24, Award, 18 June 2010 205–6

Kim v Uzbekistan, ICSID Case No ARB/13/6, Decision on Jurisdiction, 8 March 2017 194

Metal-Tech v Uzbekistan, ICSID Case No ARB/10/3, Award, 4 Oct. 2013 .................... 196

Niko Resources v Bangladesh, ICSID Case No ARB/10/11 and ARB/10/18, Decision on Jurisdiction, 19 August 2013 205

World Duty Free v Kenya, ICSID Case No ARB/00/7, Award, 4 Oct 2006 .................... 206

International Chamber of Commerce

ICC Case No 1110 (1963), Yearbook of Commercial Arbitration XXI (1996) 47 351

ICC Case No 3916, Coll. ICC Arb. Awards 1982, 507 352–53

ICC Case No 6497, Yearbook of Commercial Arbitration XXIVa (1999), 71 ................ 352–53

ICC Case No 7047, Yearbook of Commercial Arbitration Vol. XXI (1996) 194

ICC Case No 10518 (partial award 2001, final award 2002), ICC lnt’l Ct. Arb. Bull. Vol. 24 (2013), Special Supplement, 39

354

ICC Case No 14878, Excerpt of Final Award, 2008, in Special Supplement 2013: Tackling Corruption in Arbitration (2013) 206

International Court of Justice

Australia v France, Nuclear Tests [1974] ICJ Reports 253 ............................... 652–53

Botswana v Namibia, Kasikili Sedudu Island[1999] ICJ Reports 1045 675

Cameroon v United Kingdom, Northern Cameroons (Preliminary Objections, sep. op. Fitzmaurice) [1963] ICJ Reports 15 ..................................... 652–53 Costa Rica v Nicaragua, Case Concerning the Dispute Regarding Navigational Rights and Related Rights, Judgment of 13 July 2009 423

Croatia v Serbia, Case Concerning Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Preliminary Objections) ICJ Reports 2008, 412 660–61

Democratic Republic of the Congo v Rwanda, Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (New Application: 2002) (Jurisdiction and Admissibility) [2006] ICJ Reports 6 ....... 652

Djibouti v France, Certain Questions of Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters, Judgment of 4 June 2008 [2008] ICJ Reports 939, 177 464

Equatorial Guinea v France, ICJ Application, 13 June 2016 ................................ 143

Equatorial Guinea v France, Request for the Indication of Provisional Measures, Order, ICJ Reports 2016, 7 December 2016 18

Georgia v Russian Federation, Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Preliminary Objections) [1 April 2011] ICJ para 131 649, 651

Germany v United States of America, LaGrand (Judgment) [2001] ICJ Reports 466 .......... 674–76

Islamic Republic of Iran v United States of America, Oil Platforms (Preliminary Objection) [1996] ICJ Reports 803 648–49

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v United States of America, Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention arising from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie (Preliminary Objections) [1998] ICJ Reports 115 651, 652

New Zealand v France, Nuclear Tests [1974] ICJ Reports 457 ........................... 652–53

Portugal v India, Case Concerning Right of Passage over Indian Territory (Judgment) [1957] ICJ Reports 125 .................................................... 673–74

Reservations to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Advisory Opinion of 28 May 1951) [1951] ICJ Reports 15, 27 673–74

Yugoslavia v Belgium, Legality of Use of Force (Provisional Measures) [1999] ICJ Reports 124 .. 648–49

Permanent Court of International Justice

Case of the SS ‘Lotus’ (France v Turkey) (1927) PCIJ Series A no 10, 18-19 .................. 46–47

Factory at Chorzow (Claim for Indemnity) (Germany v Poland), Merits, PCIJ Ser. A No. 17 (1928), 47 .................................................. 653

Mavrommatis Palestine Concessions (Greece v United Kingdom), PCIJ Ser. A No. 2 (1924) 11 648–49, 651, 675–76

Nationality Decrees Issued in Tunis and Morocco (French Zone), (1923) PCIJ Series B no 4, 24 45

UNCITRAL

Methanex Corp v United States of America, UNCITRAL, Final Award of the Tribunal on Jurisdiction and Merits, 3 Aug. 2005 ................................ 194

Table of Legislation

TABLE OF UK STATUTES

Bribery Act 2010 (c 23) ..........26–27, 207–8, 493–94

s 7(2) .......................... 284–85

Criminal Finances Act 2017 (c 22) ...... 146–47

s 1 ................................ 555

Criminal Justice Act 1967 (c 80)

s 8 293

Extradition Act 2003 (c 41)

s 195 426

Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c 29) 31–32

s 10(8) 325–26

s 327(3) 261–62

s 362A(1) 555

s 362A(7) 555

s 362B(3) 555

s 362B(3)(b) 555

s 362B(4)(a) ........................ 555

s 362B(7) .......................... 555

Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 (c 6) ................... 31–32

Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 (c 23)

s 43(b) ............................. 84

Repatriation of Prisoners Act 1984 (c 47) 438–39

TABLE OF NON- UK NATIONAL LEGISLATION

Afghanistan

Penal Code

s 268 187–88

s 269 187–88

Albania

Criminal Code

Art 135 249–50

Art 143 249–50

Art 164 249–50

Art 312 268

Art 312/a 268

Algeria

Code of Criminal Procedure

Art 69

Art 72

Art 74

Art 353 361–63

Constitution

Art 147 123–24

Argentina Code of Criminal Procedure Arts 58–61 ......................

Criminal Code Art 23 ..........................

Armenia

Criminal Code

Art 179

Art 190

Art 308

Australia

Criminal Code Act 1995

s 12(2)

s 12(3) 280

Extradition Act 1988

s 9

s 18

s 19

Austria

Code of Criminal Procedure

Art 67

Federal Act on Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters with the Member States of the EU (EU-JZG)

s 72 (2) ............................ 516 Penal Code

s 12 ...............................

s 105 ..............................

s 288

s 302

s 313

Azerbaijan Code of Criminal Procedure

Art 12

Penal Code s 308 214

Bahamas

Penal Code

s 122 363–64

Prevention of Bribery Act s 10 363–64

Bahrain Code of Criminal Procedure

Arts 22–32 361–63

Bangladesh

Penal Code

s 403 ........................... 187–88

Belgium

Code of Criminal Procedure

Art 6 .............................. 410

Bolivia

Code of Criminal Procedure

Arts 36–37 ...................... 361–63

Art 41 361–63

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Criminal Code

Art 220 ......................... 214–15

Art 221 ............................ 185

Art 350 ............................ 184

Criminal Procedure Code

Art 195 ......................... 361–63

Botswana

Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act

s 316 ........................... 363–64

s 318 363–64

Penal Code

s 390 290

Proceeds of Serious Crime Act

s 6 363–64

Brazil

Anti-Money Laundering Law, L 9.613, de 3.3.1998, as amended by L 12.683, de 9.7.2012 394–95

Improbity Law, Law 8.429 of 1992 326

Art 12 361–63

Penal Code, Decree Law n.2.848/40

Art 91.I ......................... 361–63

Art 312 ............................ 185

Brunei Darussalam

Criminal Procedure Code

Art 382 ......................... 363–64

Penal Code

s 503 .......................... 267, 270

Public Officers (Conduct and Discipline) Regulations, Public Service Commission Act (Cap 83) reg 11 212

Bulgaria

Criminal Code

s 282 215

Measure Against Money Laundering Act (1996, amend 2001), SG No 48/ 04.06.1996, amend SG No 1/2001

Art 11

394

Art 23(2) 394

Penal Procedure Code

Art 55 .............................

Arts 84–88

Art 205

Art 306

Burkina Faso

Anti-Corruption Act Art 87

Burma

Extradition Act 1903

Burundi

Criminal Procedure Code

Art 120 361–63

Law No 1/12 of 18 April 2006

Art 43 217–18

Art 44 217–18

Art 47 217–18

Public Procurement Code

Art 149 361–63

Cambodia

Criminal Procedure Code

Art 5 361–63

Arts 13–16 ...................... 361–63

Art 355 ......................... 361–63

Canada

Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46

Pt XII.2 .......................... 31–32

s 46 ............................... 380

s 127 .............................. 272

s 127(2) ........................... 272

s 462.3 31–32

s 462.37 380

s 666 404

ss 738–41.2 363–64

Evidence Act, RSC 1985, c C-15

s 12 404

Extractive Sector Transparency Measures Act, SC 2014, c 39 417

Extradition Act, SC 1999, c 18

s 3(2) 418, 424

s 33 428–29

Freezing Assets of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act, SC 2011, c 10 ................. 557

Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act (Sergei Magnitsky Law), SC 2017, c 1 ...................... 417

Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Act, RSC 1985, c 30 (4th Supp.) 381–82

Public Servants Disclosure Protection Act 2005 (c 46) 84

Art 15.1 84

Table of Legislation

Cape Verde

Act on International Judicial Cooperation

Art 20 ............................. 551

Chile

Code of Criminal Procedure

Art 59 .......................... 361–63

Constitution

Art 76 123–24

China

Constitution

Art 131 371–72

Organic Law of the People’s Procuratorates

Art 9 371–72

Colombia

Criminal Procedure Code

Art 11(c) 361–63

Art 102 361–63

Law No 793 of 2002 326

Law No 9613 of March 3, 1998

Art 16(1) 598

Cook Islands

Crimes Act 1969

s 128 .............................. 267

s 128(a) ............................ 269

ss 415–16 ....................... 363–64

Costa Rica

Act No 8204 of 2001 516

Croatia

Criminal Code

s 337 215

Criminal Procedure Code

Arts 153–62 361–63

Cuba

Criminal Code

Art 70 360–61

Czech Republic

Act No. 61 Coll of February 15, 1996, on Selected Measures against Legitimization of Proceeds from Criminal Activities and on the Amendment of Related Legislation

Art 7(2) ......................... 597–98

Dominican Republic

Criminal Code

Art 170 ............................ 186

Criminal Procedure Code

Art 50 .......................... 361–63

Theft Act No 38 of 1982 ................. 190

Ecuador

Law on Judicial Functions

Art 14 ............................. 124

Egypt

Criminal Code issued by Law No 58/1937 dated 5 August 1937

Art 106bis .......................... 198

Criminal Procedure Law

Art 15/1

199

Law No 120 Regulating the Activities of Commercial Agents and Certain Activities of Commercial Intermediaries dated July 26, 1982 200

El Salvador

Criminal Code

Arts 115–21 ..................... 361–64

Criminal Procedure Code

Arts 42–43 ...................... 361–63

Ethiopia

Council of Ministers Regulation to Provide for the Functioning of Ethics Liaisons, Council Of Ministers Regulation No. 144/2008

Art 3 387

Art 7 387

Criminal Code

Art 406(1) 380–81

Criminal Procedure Code

Arts 154–59 361–63

Revised Federal Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission Establishment (Amendment) Proclamation

Art 2(9)(14) ..................... 379–80

Revised Proclamation for the Establishment of the Federal Ethics and AntiCorruption Commission, Proclamation No 433/2005

Art 26 386, 395

Art 26(3) 395

Art 27(5) 395

Revised Proclamation to Provide for Special Procedure and Rules of Evidence on Anti-Corruption, Proclamation No. 434/2005

Art 43 379–80

Art 46 516

Fiji

Extradition Act s 3(4) ............................. 434

Finland

Criminal Code

Ch 1, s 5 ........................... 410

Ch 28, s 4 .......................... 185

Criminal Procedure Act

Table of Legislation

Ch 3 ........................... 360–61

Penal Code ss 7–9 215

France

Criminal Code

Art 131-21 ...................... 325–26

Art 432-16 ......................... 190

Art 434-15 ......................... 269

Criminal Procedure Code

Art 2 544

Arts 2–5 361–63

Penal Code

Art 321-1 262–63

Georgia

Criminal Code

Art 1 .............................. 186

Art 339 ......................... 379–80

Art 992 ......................... 360–61

Criminal Procedure Code

Art 218 ......................... 379–80

Art 309 ......................... 360–61

Germany

Administrative Offences Act

s 46(1) 396–97

Basic Law Art 101(1)

Corporate Governance Code

s 4.1.3 341

Criminal Code

s 17 ............................... 231

s 73d .............................. 236

s 108e ............................. 168

s 261 ........................... 292–93

s 261(5) ........................... 645

s 299 .............................. 240

s 335a 181

Criminal Procedure Code 396–97

s 153c 481

Law on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters

s 98d

Penal Code

s 23(1)

s 23(2)

s 49(1)

s 49(2) 290

s 108e ..............................

Greece Law 1609/1950

Guatemala

Criminal Procedure Code

s 117 ...........................

s 121 ...........................

against Organized Crime

Honduras

Code

105–11 .....................

Criminal Procedure Code

Hungary Act XXXVIII

s 76(4) ......................... 435–36

Criminal Procedure Code Art 54 .......................... 361–63

Indonesia Criminal Procedure Code Arts 96–101

Law No 31/1999

Ireland

Criminal Justice (Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing) Act 2010 ss 41–47

of Corruption Act 2010 645 Protected Disclosures Act 2014 645

Israel Criminal Code ........................ 305 Penal Code s 390 188

Italy

Criminal Code Art 314 190 Art 323 214–15, 216

Criminal Procedure Code Arts 74–75 ...................... 361–63

Legislative Decree 231/2001 Art 12 ............................. 285

Kazakhstan

Code of Criminal Procedure Arts 162–71 361–63

Criminal Code

Art 189 186

Table of Legislation

Kenya

Anti-Corruption and Economic Crimes Act 3 of 2003 ..................... 112–13

ss 51–54 ........................... 361

Extradition (Commonwealth Countries Act) Cap. 77 435–36

Penal Code

s 268 187–88

s 275 187–88

s 280 187–88

Korea

Act on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions

Art 4 .............................. 280

Regulation of Punishment of Criminal Proceeds Concealment

Art 7 .............................. 280

Kuwait

Decree for Law No 67 of 1980

Art 227 360–61

Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Amended Penal Law (2005)

Art 40 ............................. 379

Art 174 ............................ 214

Criminal Procedure Law

Art 18 361–63

Arts 29–31 361–63

Law on Anti-Corruption (25 May 2005), 45/PO

Art 6 386

Art 24 387

Latvia

Criminal Law ss 318–19 214

Criminal Procedure Law

s 22 361–63

s 350 ........................... 361–63

Lesotho

Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act

ss 321–22 ....................... 361–64

Liechtenstein

Criminal Code

s 302 215

Criminal Procedure Code

Art 356 555

Mutual Legal Assistance Act

Art 64 551

National Administration Act

Art 106 354

Lithuania

Code of Criminal Procedure

Art 44(1) ........................ 363–64

Art 46(2) ........................ 363–64

Arts 109–19 ..................... 361–63

Criminal Code

Art 59(2) 379, 380–81

Art 69 363–64

Art 189 263

Art 189(1) 232

Art 228 214

Art 237 263

Art 238 263

Law on the Prevention of Corruption [2002] IX-904

Art 10 387

Macedonia

Criminal Code

Art 108 ............................ 298

Art 353 ......................... 214–15

Art 368 ........................ 267, 269

Law on Criminal Proceedings

Art 53 361–63

Art 57 361–63

Madagascar Criminal Procedure Code

Arts 182–83 361–63

Arts 192–93 361–63

Malawi

Criminal Procedure and Evidence Code s 252A 380

Malaysia

Anti-Corruption Commission Act

s 28 ............................ 290–91

s 43 ............................... 516

s 48(h) ............................ 268

s 52 ............................... 516

Criminal Procedure Code

s 426 ........................... 363–64

Malta

Criminal Code

Art 21 379

Mauritius

Information and Communication Technologies Act s 32(6) 516

Mexico

Federal Criminal Code

Arts 29–31 363–64

Law 144 of 2007 326

The united nations convention against corruption: a commentary cecily rose (editor) - Download the e

OXFORD COMMENTARIES ON INTERNATIONAL LAW

The United Nations Convention Against Corruption

The United Nations Convention Against Corruption

A Commentary

3

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgements

Table of Contents

CHAPTER II: PREVENTIVE MEASURES

CHAPTER IV: INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

CHAPTER V: ASSET RECOVERY

CHAPTER VI: TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND INFORMATION EXCHANGE

CHAPTER VII: MECHANISMS FOR IMPLEMENTATION

CHAPTER VIII: FINAL PROVISIONS

Table of Cases

NATIONAL

EUROPEAN UNION

Table of Legislation

Table of Legislation

Table of Legislation

Table of Legislation