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Preface

The Oxford Handbook of the Sources of International Law

Print Publication Date: Oct 2017 Subject: Law Online Publication Date: Feb 2018

DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198745365.002.0004

(p. v)

Preface

The sources of international law have always constituted a thriving field of theoretical and practical enquiry. This Handbook takes stock of those debates and contains fifty-two cutting-edge chapters by fifty-six leading international lawyers and theorists. An introduction co-authored by the two editors sets the scene by identifying the origins, functions, centrality, and limitations of the doctrines of the sources of international law, also addressing some of the main challenges with which they are confronted, as well as presenting the aims of the volume and the chapters that compose it.

The contributions to this volume, published here in English for the first time, address central questions about the sources of international law. The Handbook does neither follow the usual structure of discussions of sources of international law to date nor a source-bysource model. On the contrary, the structure of this volume questions the previous order and presentation of the sources of international law, and focuses on four novel perspectives: the histories, theories, functions, and regimes of sources of international law. Chapters in PartI(Histories) provide detailed and critical accounts of how sources of international law have been conceived by both practitioners and scholars during the history of international law (from the scholastic period to the contemporary anti-formalist era), including a chapter on the history of Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. Chapters in PartII(Theories) explore how the main theories of international law have addressed and understood sources of international law. Chapters in PartIII (Functions) examine the relationships between the sources of international law and the characteristic features of the international legal order that are or should be related to international law-making. Chapters in PartIV(Regimes) address various questions pertaining to the sources of international law in specific fields of international law. The correspondence or, on the contrary, lack of correspondence between the arguments made in the different sections constitutes one of the innovative features of the Handbook.

Another characteristic of this volume lies in its ‘dialogical’ method: it contains two chapters on each topic, with the author of the second chapter engaging as much as possible

with the arguments of the author of the first chapter. Yet, each chapter may also be read independently from the other, as a self-standing contribution to the topic. Cross-fertilization and coherence, as well as the emphasis on discrepancies (p. vi) among the views presented in the volume have been made possible thanks to the excellent and intensive discussions that took place between authors of each pair of chapters and each section of the book, but also across these divisions during the two workshops that were organized in December 2014 and September 2015 in Fribourg.

We wish to thank warmly Dr Sévrine Knuchel, senior research assistant at the University of Fribourg from 2015 to 2018, for her tremendous and unfailing editorial assistance throughout the long process that brought us from the collection of first abstracts to the finalization of fully fledged chapters. Special thanks are also due to Dr Anne-Laurence Graf Brugères for her assistance in the first phase of the project (2013–2014), and especially in drafting the application to the Swiss National Science Foundation and the organization of the first authors’ workshop. We are grateful to Ms Merel Alstein and Mrs Emma Endean-Mills at Oxford University Press for their support and kind forbearance during the long, and sometimes challenging, process of putting this book together. We would also like to thank the University of Fribourg’s Research Pool and the Swiss National Science Foundation for providing vital financial support for the research project as a whole from 2013 to 2018, and especially for two (hopefully memorable!) authors’ workshops we held in Fribourg. Last, but not least, our special thanks are owed to all of our contributors for making this ambitious project such a stimulating, formative, and worthwhile experience. Thinking about sources goes on!

Samantha Besson and Jean d’Aspremont

Fribourg and Manchester, February 2017

Table of Cases

The Oxford Handbook of the Sources of International Law Edited by Samantha Besson and Jean d’Aspremont

Print Publication Date: Oct 2017 Subject: Law Online Publication Date: Feb 2018

DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198745365.002.0006

Table of Cases

International Adjudicative Bodies

Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)

Accession by the Communities to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Opinion 2/94) [1996] ECR-I 17691020

Accession of the European Union to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Opinion 2/13) EU:C:2014:2454558,785,1020

Article 300(6) EC (GATS Schedules of Specific Commitments) (Opinion 1/08) [2009] ECR I-11129785

Commission v Council (European Road Transport Agreement) (Case 22/70) [1971] ECR 2631011

Commission v Ireland, Mox Plant Case (Case C-459/03) [2006] ECR I-463556

Competence of the Community to conclude the new Lugano Convention on jurisdiction (Opinion 1/03) [2006] ECR I-1145784,1011

Cornelis Kramer and others (Joined Cases, 3, 4, and 6–76) [1976] ECR 12791011

Costa (Flaminio) v ENEL (Case C-6/64) [1964] ECR 587556,557

Defrenne v Sabena (No 2) (Case 43/75) [1976] ECR 455776

Elmeka (Joint Cases C-181/04 to 183/04) [2006] ECR I-8167776

European Commission & the Council of the European Union v Yassin Abdullah Kadi, (Joined Cases C-584/10 P, C-593/10 P, and C-595/10 P) (18 July 2013)636,808,817, 1020

Federal Republic of Germany v Council of the European Union (C-122/95) [1998] ECR I-973778

France v Commission (Case C-327/91) [1994] ECR I-3641776

Haegeman v Belgium (Case 181/73) [1974] ECR I-449556

International Fruit Company NV and others/Produktschap voor Groenten en Fruit (Joined Cases, 21 to 24-72) [1972] ECR 1219994

Internationale Handelsgesellschaft v Einfuhr-und Vorratsstelle für Getreide und Futtermittel (Case 11/70) [1970] ECR 11251022

Kadi and Al Barakaat v Council (Joined Cases C-402/05 P and C-415/05 P) [2008] ECR I-6351777,778,1020

Kadi v Council and Commission (Case T-315/01) [2008] ECR-I 63511020

LTU v Eurocontrol (Case 29/76) [1976] ECR 15411013

Nold v Commission (Case 4/73) [1974] ECR 4911022 (p. xviii)

Opinion delivered pursuant to the second subparagraph of Article 228 (1) of the EEC Treaty—Convention No 170 of the International Labour Organization concerning safety in the use of chemicals at work (Opinion 2/91) [1993] ECR I-10611011

Opinion given pursuant to Article 228 (1) of the EEC Treaty—‘Draft Agreement establishing a European laying-up fund for inland waterway vessels’ (Opinion 1/76) [1977]

ECR I-7411011

Parliament v Council and Commission (Joined Cases C-181 & C-248/9) [1993] ECR I-3685782

R (International Association of Independent Tanker Owners (Intertanko and Others) v Secretary of State for Transport (Case C-308/06) [2008] ECR I-4057778

SELEX Sistemi Integrati SpA v Commission and Eurocontrol (Case C-113/07 P) [2009] ECR I-22071013

Stauder v Stadt Ulm (Case 29/69) [1969] ECR 4191022

Stichting ‘Goed Wonen’ (Case C-376/02) [2001] ECR I-6831776

Thomas Pringle v Government of Ireland and Others (Case C-370/12) [2013] OJ C 26/15777

UK v Council (Case 68/86) [1988] ECR 85776

Van Gend & Loos v Administratie der Belastingen (Case C-26/62) [1963] ECR 1556

Yassin Abdullah Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v Council of the European Union and Commission of the European Communities (Joined Cases C-402/05 P and C-415/05) [2008] ECR I-6354560,636

Eritrea–Ethiopia Claims Commission

Prisoners of War—Ethiopia’s Claim 4, Partial Award, Decision of 1 July 2003, (2003) 26 RIAA 73894

Prisoners of War—Eritrea’s Claim 17, Partial Award, Decision of 1 July 2003, (2003) 26 RIAA 23894

European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)

Al-Adsani v United Kingdom, Application No 35763/97, Judgment (Grand Chamber) (21 November 2001) 34 EHRR 273634

Al-Dulimi and Montana Management, Inc v Switzerland, Application No 5809/08, Judgment (26 November 2013)636

Al-Saadoon and Mufdhi v United Kingdom, Application No 61498/08, Judgment (2 March 2010) 51 EHRR 9860

Austria v Italy, Application No 788/60, Commission Decision of 11 January 1961, (1961) 4 YB 116874

Belilos v Switzerland, Application No 10328/83, Judgment (29 April 1988) 10 EHRR 468848,850

Bosphorus Hava Yollary Turizm ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi v Ireland, Application No 45036/98, Judgment (30 June 2005) 42 EHRR 1558 (p. xix)

Demir and Baykara v Turkey, Application No 34503/97, Judgment (Grand Chamber) (12 November 2008) 48 EHHR 54865

Golder v United Kingdom, Application No 4451/70, Judgment (21 February 1975) 1 EHRR 524375

Ireland v United Kingdom, Application No 5310/71, Judgment (Plenary) (18 January 1978) 2 EHRR 25872,874,876

Jones and Others v United Kingdom, Application Nos 34356/06 and 40528/06, Judgment (14 January 2014) ECHR 20141145,1147

Mamatkulov and Askarov v Turkey, Application Nos 46827/99 and 46951/99, Judgment (Grand Chamber) (4 February 2005) 41 EHHR 25847

Nada v Switzerland, Application No 10593/08, Judgment (12 September 2012) [2012] ECHR 1691636

Streletz, Kessler and Krenz v Germany, Application Nos 34044/96, 35532/97 and 44801/98, Judgment (Grand Chamber) (22 March 2001) 33 EHRR 31900

Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC)

Kaing Guek Eav, Appeal Judgment, Case File No 001/18-07–2007–ECCC/SC (3 February 2012)896

Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR)

Almonacid-Arellano et al. v Chile (Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations, and Costs) IACtHR Series C No 154 (26 September 2006)923

Barrios Altos v Peru (Merits) IACtHR Series C No 75 (14 March 2001)923

Juridical Condition and Human Rights of the Child (Advisory Opinion OC–17/2002) IACtHR Series A No 17 (28 August 2002)753

International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)

Abaclat and Others v The Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No ARB/07/5, Decision on Jurisdiction and Admissibility (4 August 2011)405,406

AES Summit Generation Ltd & AES-Tisza Erömü FT v Hungary, ICSID Case No ARB/ 07/22, Award (23 September 2010)557

AIG Capital Partners, Inc and CJSC Tema Real Estate Company v Republic of Kazakhstan, ICSID Case No ARB/01/6, Award (7 October 2003)1077

Alpha Projektholding GmbH v Ukraine, ICSID Case No ARB/07/16, Award (8 November 2010)1074 (p. xx)

Ambiente Ufficio SpA and Others v Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No ARB/09/9, Decision on Jurisdiction and Admissibility (8 February 2013)1112

Asian Agricultural Products LTD (AAPL) v Republic of Sri Lanka, ICSID Case No ARB/ 87/3, Final Award (27 June 1990)1077,1090

Azurix Corp v Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/01/12, Award (14 July 2006)1082

Bureau Veritas, Inspection, Valuation, Assessment and Control, BIVAC BV v Paraguay, ICSID Case No ARB/07/9, Further Decision on Objections to Jurisdiction (9 October 2012)1102

CMS Gas Transmission Co. v Republic of Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/01/08, Annulment Decision (25 September 2007)1084

CMS Gas Transmission Co. v Republic of Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/01/8, Award (12 May 2005)1075,1082

Continental Casualty Company v The Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No ARB/03/9, Award (5 September 2008)1108

Daimler Financial Services AG v Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No ARB/05/1, Award (22 August 2012)1105

Electrabel SA v Hungary, ICSID Case No ARB/07/19, Decision on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law and Liability (30 November 2012)557

El Paso Energy International Company v Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No ARB/ 03/15, Award (31 October 2011)1087

Enron and Ponderosa Assets v Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/01/3, Decision on Annulment (30 July 2010)1084

Enron Creditors Recovery Corporation (formerly Enron Corporation) and Ponderosa Assets, LP v Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No ARB/01/3, Award (22 May 2007)1075, 1082

Fedax NV v The Republic of Venezuela, ICSID Case No ARB/96/3, Award (9 March 1998)1077

Feldman (Marvin) v Mexico, ICSID Case No ARB (AF)/99/1 (NAFTA), Award (16 December 2002)1081,1083,1085,1087

Gold Reserve Inc v Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, ICSID Case No ARB(AF)/09/1, Award (22 September 2014)1108

Joseph Charles Lemire v Ukraine, ICSID Case No ARB/06/18, Decision on Jurisdiction and Liability (14 January 2010)1107

LG&E Energy Corp, LG&E Capital Corp and LG&E International Inc v Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No ARB/02/1, Decision on Liability (3 October 2006)1075,1082, 1085,1090

Maffezini v Kingdom of Spain, ICSID Case No ARB/97/7, Decision on Jurisdiction (25 January 2000)1085

Mobil Corporation, Venezuela Holdings, BV and Others v Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, ICSID Case No ARB/07/27, Decision on Jurisdiction (10 June 2010)1108

Mondev Int’l Ltd v United States of America, ICSID Case No ARB (AF)/99/2, Award (11 October 2002)1106,1107

Noble Ventures, Inc v Romania, ICSID Case No ARB/01/11, Award (12 October 2005) 1107

Pac Rim Cayman LLC v Republic of El Salvador, ICSID Case No ARB/09/12, Decision on the Respondent’s Jurisdictional Objections (1 June 2012)1102 (p. xxi)

Perenco Ecuador Limited v Republic of Ecuador and Empresa Estatal Petróleos del Ecuador, ICSID Case No ARB/08/6, Decision on the Remaining Issues of Jurisdiction and on Liability (12 September 2014)1077

Plama Consortium Limited v Republic of Bulgaria, ICSID Case No ARB/03/02, Award (27 August 2008)1107

Quiborax SA, Non Metallic Minerals SA and Allan Fosk Kaplún v Plurinational State of Bolivia, ICSID Case No ARB/06/2, Award (16 September 2015)1105

Saipem SpA v People’s Republic of Bangladesh, ICSID Case No ARB/05/07, Decision on Jurisdiction and Provisional Measures (21 March 2007)1104

SAUR International SA v Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No ARB/04/4, Decision on Jurisdiction and Liability (6 June 2012)1088

Sempra Energy v Argentina, ICSID Case No ARB/02/16, Decision on Annulment (29 June 2010)1084

Técnicas Medioambientales Tecmed SA v Mexico, ICSID Case No ARB(AF)/00/2, Award (29 May 2003)1085,1107

TECO Guatemala Holdings, LLC v Republic of Guatemala, ICSID Case No ARB/10/23, Award (19 December 2013)1088

Tokios Tokelés v Ukraine, ICSID Case No ARB/02/18, Award (26 July 2007)1075

Tokios Tokelės v Ukraine, ICSID Case No ARB/02/18, Decision on Jurisdiction (29 April 2004)1102

Total SA v Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No ARB/04/01, Decision on Liability (27 December 2010)1087,1108

Tza Yap Shum v Republic of Peru, ICSID Case No ARB/07/6, Award (7 July 2011)1087

Waste Management, Inc v United Mexican States, ICSID Case No ARB(AF)/00/3 (NAFTA), Award (30 April 2004)1106

Wena Hotels LTD v Arab Republic of Egypt, ICSID Case No ARB/98/4, Annulment Proceeding (5 February 2002)1074

International Court of Justice (ICJ)

Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo (Advisory Opinion) [2010] ICJ Rep 403194,374,546,547,549,556

Aegean Sea Continental Shelf (Greece v Turkey) (Judgment) [1978] ICJ Rep 3431,908, 909

Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Republic of Guinea v Democratic Republic of the Congo) (Preliminary Objections) (Judgment) [2007] ICJ Rep 582184

Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Republic of Guinea v Democratic Republic of the Congo) (Merits) [2010] ICJ Rep 639866,1099

Appeal Relating to the Jurisdiction of the ICAO Council (India v Pakistan) (Judgment) [1972] ICJ Rep 461141

Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v Serbia and Montenegro) (Judgment) [2007] ICJ Rep 43 634,990

Application of the Convention on Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v Yugoslavia) [1993] ICJ Rep 3552 (p. xxii)

Application of the Interim Accord of 13 September 1995 (The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia v Greece) (Judgment) [2011] ICJ Rep 644873

Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Georgia v Russian Federation) (Application instituting proceedings), 12 August 2008 [2008] ICJ General List No 140879

Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Georgia v Russian Federation) (Provisional Measures) [2008] ICJ Rep 353879

Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (New Application: 2002) (Democratic Republic of the Congo v Rwanda) (Jurisdiction and Admissibility) [2006] ICJ Rep 6634, 852

Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic of the Congo v Belgium) (Merits) [2002] ICJ Rep 3764,1127,1145,1151

Asylum Case (Columbia v Peru) (Judgment) [1950] ICJ Rep 266894

Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company Limited (Belgium v Spain) (Judgment) [1970] ICJ Rep 3226,852,854,867

Case Concerning Right of Passage over Indian Territory (Portugal v India) (Preliminary Objections) [1957] ICJ Rep 125457

Case Concerning United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran (United States v Iran) (Judgment) [1980] ICJ Rep 3854

Certain Activities carried out by Nicaragua in the Border Area (Costa Rica v Nicaragua) and Construction of a Road in Costa Rica along the San Juan River (Nicaragua v Costa Rica) (Judgment) [2015] ICJ Rep 665972

Certain Expenses of the United Nations (Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter) (Advisory Opinion) [1962] ICJ Rep 151194,1011

Certain Phosphate Lands in Nauru (Nauru v Australia) (Preliminary Objections) [1992] ICJ Rep 2401141

Continental Shelf (Libyan Arab Jamahirya v Malta) (Judgment) [1985] ICJ Rep 13184, 715

Corfu Channel Case (United Kingdom v Albania) (Merits) [1949] ICJ Rep 4192,274, 853,971,972

Delimitation of the Marine Boundary in the Gulf of Maine Area (Canada v United States of America) (Judgment) [1984] ICJ Rep 246185

Dispute Regarding Navigational and Related Rights (Costa Rica v Nicaragua) (Judgment) [2009] ICJ Rep 213408,409

Effect of Awards of Compensation Made by the United Nations Administrative Tribunal (Advisory Opinion) [1954] ICJ Rep 47234,1011

Elettronica Sicula SpA (ELSI) (United States v Italy) (Judgment) [1989] ICJ Rep 15 1099

Fisheries Case (United Kingdom v Norway) (Judgment) [1951] ICJ Rep 116297,864

Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso v Mali) (Judgment) [1984] ICJ Rep 554197

Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary v Slovakia) (Judgment) [1997] ICJ Rep 7646, 952,954,957,971,972,975,980

International Status of South West Africa (Advisory Opinion) [1950] ICJ Rep 1281141

Interpretation of the Agreement of 25 March 1951 between the WHO and Egypt (Advisory Opinion) [1980] ICJ Rep 73839,989,993,997,1018,1019 (p. xxiii)

Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v Italy: Greece intervening) (Judgment) [2012] ICJ Rep 99184,185,578,619,634,898,1127,1145

Kasikili/Sedudu Island (Botswana v Namibia) (Judgment) [1999] ICJ Rep 1045375

LaGrand (Germany v United States of America) (Provisional Measures) Orders of 3 March 1999 [1999] ICJ Rep 9375,877

Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v Nigeria: Equatorial Guinea intervening) (Judgment) [2002] ICJ Rep 303555

Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia (South West Africa) Notwithstanding Security Council Resolution 276 (1970) (Advisory Opinion) [1971] ICJ Rep 16194,195,637,1019

Legal Consequence of the Construction of Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Advisory Opinion) [2004] ICJ Rep 136185,375,802,853,1089

Legality of the Threat of the Use of Nuclear Weapons (Advisory Opinion) [1996] ICJ Rep 226185,427,757,795,897,920,954,971

Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v Bahrain) (Jurisdiction and Admissibility) [1994] ICJ Rep 112431,908

Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v United States of America) (Jurisdiction and Admissibility) [1984] ICJ Rep 392553

Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v United States of America) (Merits) [1986] ICJ Rep 14184–6,226,239,351,380,627,644,648, 716,802,821,853,859,866,924,1088

Minquiers and Ecrehos Case (France v UK) (Judgment) [1953] ICJ Rep 47296

North Sea Continental Shelf (Federal Republic of Germany v Denmark; Federal Republic of Germany v Netherlands) (Judgment) [1969] ICJ Rep 3177,178,184,185,199, 226,291,292,330,376,647,653,821,867,945,991,1152

Nuclear Tests (Australia v France) (Judgment) [1974] ICJ Rep 253195,381,427,548, 817

Nuclear Tests (Australia v New Zealand) (Judgment) [1974] ICJ Rep 457195,817

Oil Platforms (Islamic Republic of Iran v United States) (Judgment) [2003] ICJ Rep 161 1051,1062

Passage Through the Great Belt (Denmark v Finland), Application Instituting Proceedings Filed in the Registry of the Court (17 May 1991) (1992) 31 ILM 1817

Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v Uruguay) (Judgment) [2010] ICJ Rep 14 845,954,971,972,974,976,1077

Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention arising from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v United States of America) (Request for the indication of Provisional Measures) [1992] ICJ Rep 114635

Questions relating to the Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite (Belgium v Senegal) (Judgment) [2012] ICJ Rep 422545,553,880,881

Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations (Advisory Opinion) [1949] ICJ Rep 174434,752,757,995,1010,1021

Reservations to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide (Advisory Opinion) [1951] ICJ Rep 15192,848,872

South-West Africa Cases (Ethiopia v Liberia; Liberia v South Africa) (Judgment) [1962]

ICJ Rep 319575 (p. xxiv)

South-West Africa Cases (Ethiopia v South Africa; Liberia v South Africa) (Judgment, Second Phase) [1966] ICJ Rep 6567,575,632,853,873

Sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan (Indonesia v Malesia) (Judgment) [2002] ICJ Rep 625295

Territorial Dispute (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v Chad) (Judgment) [1994] ICJ Rep 6375, 547

Whaling in the Antarctic (Australia v Japan: New Zealand intervening) (Judgment) [2014] ICJ Rep 226942,954

International Criminal Court (ICC)

Prosecutor v Lubanga Dyilo (Decision on the Confirmation of the Charges) ICC–01/04–01/06 (29 January 2007)905

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)

Prosecutor v Akayesu (Judgment) ICTR–96–4–T (2 September 1998)189

Prosecutor v Kanyabashi (Appeals Judgment) ICTR–96–15–A (3 June 1999)901

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)

Prosecutor v Blaškić (Trial Chamber Judgment) ICTY–95–14–T (3 March 2000)909

Prosecutor v Delalič et al. (Appeals Judgment) ICTY–96–21–A (26 February 2001)902, 903

Prosecutor v Dragoljub Kunarac et al. (Appeals Judgment) ICTY–96–23 & IT–96–23/1–A (12 June 2002)184

Prosecutor v Dragoljub Kunarac et al. (Judgment) ICTY–IT–96–23–T & IT–96–23/1-T (22 February 2001)190

Prosecutor v Drazen Erdemovic (Sentencing Judgment) ICTY–IT–96–22–T (29 November 1996)922

Prosecutor v Furundžija (Trial Chamber Judgment) ICTY–95–17/1–T (10 December 1998)894,895,906

Prosecutor v Galić (Appeals Chamber Judgment) ICTY–98–29–A (30 November 2006) 909

Prosecutor v Jelisić (Judgment) ICTY‒95‒10‒T (14 December 1999)823

Prosecutor v Kupreskić et al. (Judgment) ICTY–IT–95–16–T (14 January 2000)190,892, 894,895,903,921

Prosecutor v Šainović et al. (Decision on Dragoljub Ojdanić’s Motion Challenging Jurisdiction) (Appeals Chamber) IT–99–37–AR72 (21 May 2003)900,906

Prosecutor v Tadić (Decision on the Defence Motion for Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction, Appeals Chamber) IT–94–1–AR72 (2 October 1995)326,457,896,898,899, 906,921,923,925 (p. xxv)

Prosecutor v Tadić (Trial Chamber Opinion and Judgment) Case No IT–94–1–T (7 May 1997)190

Prosecutor v Vasiljević (Judgment) IT–98–32–T (29 November 2002)923

International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg

United States v Altstoetter et al., Law No 10. 1946–1949, Vol III (International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg 1951)924,925

United States v Goering, 6 FRD 69 (International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg 1946)311

International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)

M/V Saiga (No 2) (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines v Guinea) (Admissibility and Merits) [1999] ITLOS Rep 10189

Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons and Entities with Respect to Activities in the Area (Advisory Opinion) [2011] ITLOS Rep 10189,950,957, 973,976

Southern Bluefin Tuna Cases (New Zealand v Japan; Australia v Japan) (Order of 27 August 1999) [1999] ITLOS Rep 262972

Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ)

Case of the S.S. “Wimbledon’’ (United Kingdom and others v Germany) (Judgment)

PCIJ Rep Series A No 1 (1927)545,820

Certain German Interests in Polish Upper Silesia (Germany v Poland) (Merits) 1926

PCIJ Rep Series A No 7 (1926)555,821,1074,1140

Free Zones of Upper Savoy and the District of Gex (France v Switzerland) PCIJ Rep Series A/B No 46 (1932)578

Jurisdiction of the Courts of Danzig (Advisory Opinion) PCIJ Rep Series B No 15 (1928) 877

The Case of the S.S. “Lotus” (France v Turkey) (Merits) PCIJ Rep Series A No 10 (1927) 176,178,184,379,380,457,545,820,1127

Page9of15

Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL)

Prosecutor v Morris Kallon and Brima Bazzy Kamara, Decision on Challenge to Jurisdiction: Lomé Accord Amnesty, SCSL–2004–15–PT and SCSL–2004–16–PT (Appeals Chamber) (13 March 2004)909

Prosecutor v Norman, Decision on Preliminary Motion Based on Lack of Jurisdiction (Child Recruitment), SCSL–04–14–AR72(E) (Appeals Chamber) (31 May 2004)906,922

(p. xxvi) United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)

AWG Group Ltd v Argentine Republic, UNCITRAL, Decision on Liability (30 July 2010) 1087

BG Group Plc v Republic of Argentina, UNCITRAL, Award (24 December 2007)1077, 1087,1090

Chemtura Corporation (formerly Crompton Corporation) v Government of Canada, UNCITRAL, Award (2 August 2010)1087

CME Czech Republic B.V. v Czech Republic, UNCITRAL, Partial Award (13 September 2001)1087

Eli Lilly and Company v The Government of Canada, UNCITRAL, ICSID Case No UNCT/14/21078

EnCana Corporation v Republic of Ecuador, LCIA Case No UN 3481, Award (3 February 2006)1075,1077

Hesham T M Al Warraq v Republic of Indonesia, UNCITRAL, Final Award (15 December 2014)1111

International Thunderbird Gaming Corp v United Mexican States, UNCITRAL (NAFTA), Arbitral Award (26 January 2006)1105,1109

Invesmart, BV v Czech Republic, UNCITRAL, Award (26 June 2009)1075,1077

Les Laboratoires Servier, SAS, Biofarma, SAS, Arts et Techniques du Progrès SAS v Republic of Poland, UNCITRAL, Award (Redacted) (14 February 2012)1088

Methanex Corporation v United States of America, UNCITRAL, (NAFTA) Award (3 August 2005)1087

Saar Papier v Poland, UNCITRAL, Final Award (16 October 1995)1107

Saluka Investments BV v The Czech Republic, UNCITRAL, Partial Award (17 March 2006)1087–89

United Nations Committee against Torture

Sadiq Shek Elmi v Australia, CAT/C/22/D/120/1998 (25 May 1999)764

United Nations Human Rights Committee

Kennedy v Trinidad and Tobago, Comm. No 845/1999, CCPR/C/74/D/845/1998 (2 November 1999)850

WTO and GATT Disputes

Brazil—Measures Affecting Imports of Retreaded Tyres, Arbitration under Article 21.3(c) of the DSU, Award of the Arbitrator Yasuhei Taniguchi (29 August 2008) WT/ DS332/16800

Brazil—Retreaded Tyres, Appellate Body Report (3 December 2007) WT/DS332/AB/R 408 (p. xxvii)

China—Countervailing and Anti-Dumping Duties on Grain Oriented Flat-Rolled Electrical Steel from the United States, Arbitration under Article 21.3(c) of the DSU, Award of the Arbitrator Claus-Dieter Ehlermann (19 April 2013) WT/DS414/12800

EC—Asbestos, Appellate Body Report (5 April 2001) WT/DS135/AB/R1050

EC—Bed Linen, Article 21.5 Appellate Body Report (8 April 2003) WT/DS141/AB/RW 800

EC—Hormones, Appellate Body Report (16 January 1998) WT/DS26/AB/R954

EC—Large Civil Aircraft, Appellate Body Report (18 May 2011) WT/DS316/AB/R1037

EC—Measures Affecting the Approval and Marketing of Biotech Products—Panel Report (29 September 2006) WT/DS291/R972

EC—Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones), Appellate Body Report (16 January 1998) WT/DS48/AB/R972

India—Patents (US), Appellate Body Report (19 December 1997) WT/DS50/AB/R821, 1029

Japan—Alcoholic Beverages II, Appellate Body Report (4 October 1996) WT/DS8 10-11/ AB/R375

Mexico—Tax Measures on Soft Drinks and Other Beverages, Panel Report (7 October 2005) WT/DS308/R814

Mexico—Tax Measures on Soft Drinks and Other Beverages, Appellate Body Report (24 March 2006) WT/DS308/AB/R1036

Peru—Agricultural Products, Appellate Body Report (31 July 2015) WT/DS457/AB/R 1035,1036,1059

US—Clove Cigarettes, Appellate Body Report (24 April 2012) WT/DS406/AB/R1050, 1052

US–Continued Suspension, Appellate Body Report (16 October 2008) WT/DS320/AB/R 1037

US—Continued Zeroing, Appellate Body Report (4 February 2005) WT/DS350/AB/R 409

US—COOL, Article 21.5 Panel Report (20 October 2014) WT/DS384/RW800

US—Countervailing Measures (China), US Opening Statement, Second Substantive Meeting, October 20131032

US—Gambling, Panel Report (10 November 2004) WT/DS285/R1035

US—Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp, Appellate Body Report (12 October 1998) WT/DS58/AB/R954,980

US—Sections 301–310 of the Trade Act of 1974, Panel Report (22 December 1999) WT/ DS152/R197

US—Shirts and Blouses, Appellate Body Report (23 May 1997) WT/DS33/AB/R1048

US—Shrimp/Sawblades, Panel Report (8 June 2012) WT/DS422/R1032

US—Stainless Steel (Mexico), Appellate Body Report (30 April 2008) WT/DS344/AB/R 1031

US—Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline, Appellate Body Report and Panel Report—Action by the Dispute Settlement Body (20 May 1996) WT/DS2/AB/ R189,375

US—Tuna II (Mexico), Article 21.5 Panel Report (14 April 2015) WT/DS381/RW800, 1040

US—Upland Cotton, Arbitration under Article 22.6 of the DSU and Article 4.11 of the SCM Agreement, Decision by the Arbitrator (31 August 2009) WT/DS267/ARB/1800

US—Zeroing (Korea), Panel Report (18 January 2011) WT/DS402/R1032

(p. xxviii) Other International Arbitral Awards

Abyei Arbitration (The Government of Sudan v Sudan Peoples’ Liberation Movement/ Army), Final Award (22 July 2009) (2009) 48 ILM 1258764,817

Alabama Claims (United States of America v Great Britain), Award (14 September 1872), (1872) 29 RIAA 125151

Amoco International Finance Corporation v Islamic Republic of Iran, Partial Award (14 July 1987) (1988) 27 ILM 1314648

Arbitration regarding the Iron Rhine (‘Ijzeren Rijn’) Railway (Belgium v Netherlands), Award (24 May 2005) (2005) 27 RIAA 35375,557,954

Argentine–Chile Frontier case (Argentina v Chile), Award (9 December 1966) (1966) 16 RIAA 109295

Bering Fur Seals Arbitration (United States v United Kingdom), Award (15 August 1893) (1898) 1 Moore International Arbitrations 755953

Channel Tunnel Group Limited and France-Manche SA v United Kingdom and France, Partial Award (30 January 2007) (2007) 132 ILR 1557

European American Investment Bank AG (Austria) v Slovak Republic, PCA Case No 2010–17, Award on Jurisdiction (22 October 2012)557

Forests of Central Rhodope (Merits) (Greece v Bulgaria), Award (19 March 1933) (1933) 3 RIAA 1405801

Island of Palmas Case (Netherlands v United States), Award (4 April 1928) (1928) 2 RIAA 842295,970

Indus Waters Kishenganga Arbitration (Pakistan v India), Partial Award (18 February 2013) (2013) 154 ILR 1954

Lac Lanoux Arbitration (France v Spain), Award (16 November 1957) (1957) 24 ILR 101953,972

North American Dredging Company of Texas (USA) v United Mexican States (1926) 4 RIAA 26274

Russian Indemnity Case (Russia v Turkey), Award (11 November 1912) (1912) 11 RIAA 4211058

Texaco Overseas Petroleum Company and California Asiatic Oil Company v Libya, Arbitral Award (19 January 1977) (1977) 53 ILR 389927

Trail Smelter Case (United States v Canada) (1941) 3 RIAA 1905953,971

National Courts

Canada

Abdelrazik v Canada (Minister of Foreign Affairs) [2010] 1 FCR 267, 2009 FC 580829

Apotex Inc v Astrazeneca Canada Inc 2012 FC 559829

Canada Ltée (Spraytech, Société d’arrosage) v Hudson (Town) [2001] 2 SCR 241, 2001 SCC 401146 (p. xxix)

Crown Forest Industries Ltd v Canada [1995] 2 SCR 802829

Bouzari v Islamic Republic of Iran (2004) 71 OR (3d) 6751147

National Corn Growers v Canadian Import Tribunal [1990] 2 SCS 1324829

Nemeth v Canada (Justice) 2010 SCC 56829

R v Hape 2007 SCC 26829

India

Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum Case (Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v Union of India and others), Supreme Court of India, Judgment of 28 August 1996, AIR 1996 SC 2715 822

Israel

Public Committee against Torture v State of Israel, HCJ 769/02 (11 December 2005) 923

Italy

De Guglielmi and De Guglielmi v Germany (19 May 2010) ILDC 1784 (IT 2010), (Court of First Instance)1150

Federal Republic of Germany v Ferrini (21 January 2014) ILDC 2724 (IT 2014) (Supreme Court of Cassation)1148

Ferrini v Germany (11 March 2004) ILDC 19 (IT 2004) (Supreme Court of Cassation) 634

Germany v Mantelli and Others (29 May 2008) ILDC 1037 (IT 2008) (Supreme Court of Cassation)1153

Germany v Milde (Max Josef) (13 January 2009) ILDC 1224 (IT 2009) (Supreme Court of Cassation)1149

Simoncioni v Germany, Judgment No 238/2014, Gazetta Ufficiale (spec. ser.), No 45, 29 October 2014, ILDC 2237 (IT 2014) (Supreme Court of Cassation)796,1148

Netherlands

Mothers of Srebrenica v Netherlands and United Nations, Final appeal judgment, 12 April 2012, LJN: BW1999, ILDC 1760 (NL 2012)1013

Philippines

Minors Oposa v Secretary of the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources, Supreme Court of Philippines, Judgment of 30 July 1993, (1994) 33 ILM 173822

(p. xxx) Poland

Natoniewski v Germany, Cassation complaint, Case No IV CSK 465/09, Polish Yearbook of International Law 30 (2010): 299, ILDC 1996 (PL 2010) (Supreme Court)1153

Switzerland

Adamov (Evgeny) v Federal Office of Justice, Appeal Judgment, Case No 1A 288/2005, (22 December 2005) ILDC 339 (CH 2005) (Federal Supreme Court)1153

United Kingdom

A and others v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2004] UKHL 56796

Jones v Ministry of the Interior Al-Mamlaka Al-Arabiya as Saudiya (The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) [2006] UKHL 261152

Maclaine Watson & Co. Ltd v International Tin Council [1988] 1 Ch 1; [1988] 3 WLR 1169; [1990] 2 AC 418; [1990] 3 WLR 961014

Maclaine Watson & Co. Ltd v International Tin Council (No 2) [1987] 1 WLR 1711; [1988] 3 WLR 11901014

R (on the application of Al-Jedda) (FC) (Appellant) v Secretary of State for Defence [2007] UKHL 58; [2008] 1 AC 332636,804

R v Bartle and Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis and others, ex parte Pinochet [1999] UKHL 17796

R v Bow Street Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate, ex parte Pinochet Ugarte [1999] 2 WLR 827 (HL)1153

R v Jones (Margaret) [2006] UKHL 16824

Rylands v Fletcher [1868] UKHL 1517

Salomon v Commissioners of Customs and Excise [1967] 2 QB 116 (CA)829

Page14of15

United States

Committee of United States Citizens Living in Nicaragua v Reagan, 859 F.2d 929 (D.C. Cir. 1988)824

Filartiga v Peña-Irala, 630 F.2d 876 (2d Cir. 1980)310,315

Flomo and 22 additional child plaintiffs v Firestone Natural Rubber Company, LLC, 643 F.3d 1013 (7th Cir. 2011)796,1153

Freedom Watch, Inc v Org of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 766 F.3d 74 (D.C. Cir. 2014)1013

Hamdan v Rumsfeld, 548 US 557 (2006)923

IIT v Vencap, 519 F.2d 1001 (2d Cir. 1975)310

Int’l Ass’n of Machinists & Aerospace Workers (IAM) v Org of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 477 F.Supp. 553 (C.D. Cal. 1979)1013 (p. xxxi)

Kiobel and Others (on behalf of Kiobel and Tusima) v Royal Dutch Petroleum Co and Others, 623 F.3d 111 (2d Cir. 2010)309–11,316–18,1153

Medellin v Texas, 552 US 491 (2008)802

Murray v The Schooner Charming Betsy, 2 Cranch 64, 118 (1804)828

Prewitt Enterprises, Inc v Org of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 353 F.3d 916 (11th Cir. 2003)1013

Roper v Simmons, 543 US 551 (2005)1146

Samantar v Yousuf, 560 US 305 (2010)1147

(p. xxxii)

Table of International Instruments

The Oxford Handbook of the Sources of International Law Edited by Samantha Besson and Jean d’Aspremont (p. xxxiii)

Print Publication Date: Oct 2017 Subject: Law Online Publication Date: Feb 2018

DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198745365.002.0007

Table of International Instruments

Additional Protocol to the Treaty of Asunción on the Institutional Structure of MERCOSUR (17 December 1994) 2145 UNTS 298793

Art 14793

Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement to Protect Non-Combatant Civilians and Facilities from Military Attack (10 March 2002)764

Agreement between the United Nations and the Government of Haiti concerning the Status of the United Nations Operation in Haiti, Port-au-Prince (9 July 2004) 2271 UNTS 235996

Art 6996

Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 Relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (adopted 4 August 1995, entered into force 11 December 2000) 2167 UNTS 88952

Agreement on a Unified Patent Court (signed 19 February 2013) [2013] OJ C 175/1783

Agreement on the Transfer and Mutualisation of Contributions to the Single Resolution Fund (entered into force 1 January 2016) [2014] Council Doc. 8457/14783

Agreement Relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (adopted 10 December 1982, entered into force 28 July 1996) (1994) 33 ILM 1309946

American Convention on Human Rights (Pact of San José) (adopted 22 November 1969, entered into force 18 July 1978) 1144 UNTS 123878

Arms Trade Treaty (adopted 3 June 2013, entered into force 24 December 2014) UNODA No 13-272171125

Art 141125

Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (ARIO) (2011) (ILC, adopted at the sixty-third session) UN Doc. A/RES/66/100999,1004,1008,1014,1015,1021

Art 64999

Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ARSIWA) (2001) (ILC, adopted at the fifty-third session) UN Doc. A/RES/56/83226,426,533, 795,815,852,862,874,880,886,903,999,1008,1014,1015,1035,1053

Art 3825

Art 71120

Art 251035 (p. xxxiv)

Art 25 (1) (b)464

Art 34795

Art 40862

Art 41862

Art 42795,815,881

Art 42 (b)852

Art 48795,815,874,881,886

Art 48 (1)852

Art 49815

Art 54815

Art 55999

Art 64999

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (adopted 22 March 1989, entered into force 5 May 1992) 1673 UNTS 57947,956

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union [2012] OJ C 326/02771,776, 780,1022

Charter of the United Nations (adopted 26 June 1945, entered into force 24 October 1945) 1 UNTS 1622,194,195,198,235,236,351,411,412,428,547,548,554,556, 625,627,635–38,670,750,777,793,801,815,837,906,917,991,996

Recital 1560

Preamble547,560,750,901,996

Art 2 (4)428,547,627,815,826

Art 24194,793

Art 25194,195,793,917

Art 27 (3)637

Chap VI793,802

Art 36 (3)802

Chap VII635,793,802,901,906,917,928

Art 39815

Art 41793

Art 42793,815

Art 51815

Art 53 (1)637

Art 55837,862

Art 56837,862

Art 94549,801,802

Art 102559

Art 103554,625,630,635–37

Art 108636,637

Art 109636

Constitution of the World Health Organization (adopted 22 July 1946, entered into force 7 April 1948) 14 UNTS 185432

Art 21432

Art 22432 (p. xxxv)

Constitutive Act of the African Union (adopted 11 July 2000, entered into force 26 May 2001) 2158 UNTS 3637

Art 4 (h)637

Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (adopted 10 December 1984, entered into force 26 June 1987) 1465 UNTS 85 877,880,881,901,931,1125,1126

Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (adopted 16 November 1972, entered into force 17 December 1975) 1037 UNTS 151 942

Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR Convention) (adopted 22 September 1992, entered into force 25 March 1998) 2354 UNTS 67941,945

Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (adopted 22 March 1985, entered into force 22 September 1988) 1513 UNTS 323967,971

Preamble971

Convention on Biological Diversity (adopted 5 June 1992, entered into force 29 December 1993) 1760 UNTS 79941,945,947

Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention) (adopted 7 December 1944, entered into force 4 April 1947) 15 UNTS 295432

Art 37432

Art 54(1)432

Art 90432

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) (adopted 3 March 1973, entered into force 7 January 1975) 993 UNTS 243 804

Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP Convention) (adopted 13 November 1979, entered into force 16 March 1983) 1302 UNTS 217941,945,971

Preamble971

Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs Convention) (adopted 22 May 2001, entered into force 17 May 2004) 2256 UNTS 119804

Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (adopted 23 June 1979, entered into force 1 November 1983) 1651 UNTS 333946

Convention on the Establishment of a European Police Office [1995] OJ C 316/1782

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents (adopted 14 December 1973, entered into force 20 February 1977) 1035 UNTS 1671125

Art 21125

Art 31125

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide (adopted 9 December 1948, entered into force 12 January 1951) 78 UNTS 277877,901,991,1125,1126

Art 41125

Art 51125

Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (adopted 13 November 1972, entered into force 30 August 1975) 1046 UNTS 120945 (p. xxxvi)

Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (adopted 10 September 1998, entered into force 24 February 2004) 2244 UNTS 337947,956,980

Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (adopted 13 January 1993, entered into force 29 April 1997) 1974 UNTS 45990

Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (adopted 10 June 1958, entered into force 7 June 1959) 330 UNTS 38801,1088,1098

Art 5801,1088

Convention on the Rights and Duties of States (Montevideo Convention) (adopted 26 December 1933, entered into force 26 December 1934) 165 LNTS 19755

Art 1755

Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (ICSID Convention) (adopted 18 March 1965, entered into force 14 October 1966) 575 UNTS 159649,801,827,830,1029,1074,1075,1077,1097,1098, 1105,1108

Art 26830

Art 421108

Art 42 (1)1029,1074,1075,1097

Art 471105

Arts 53–55830

Art 54 (1)801

Covenant of the League of Nations (signed 28 June 1919, entered into force 10 January 1920) 225 CTS 195168,547

Preamble547

Art 13 (2)168,169,172

Art 14168

Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm Declaration) (16 June 1972) (1972) 11 ILM 1416951,952,979

Principle 21980

Declaration on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation Among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, UNGA Res. 2625 (XXV) (24 October 1970)458

Definitive Treaty of Peace between France, Great Britain and Spain (Peace Treaty of Paris) (signed 10 February 1763) 42 CTS 279115

Art 2115

Energy Charter Treaty and its Protocol on Energy Efficiency and Related Environmental Aspects (ECT) (signed 17 December 1994, entered into force 16 April 1998) 2080 UNTS 951072

European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) (adopted 4 November 1950, entered into force 3 September 1953) ETS 5793, 795,798,801,818,830,848,850,862,872,887

Art 1862

Art 2818

Art 3818 (p. xxxvii)

Art 5 (c)821

Art 33795,851

Art 34795

Art 46793,798

Art 46 (1)801

Art 46 (4)795

Art 57848–50,887

Protocol 1818

Art 1818

Protocol 14795

Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea (adopted 12 August 1949, entered into force 21 October 1950) 75 UNTS 85759,762,903,931,995,1019,1125

Art 1903

Art 3764,765,909,925,931

Art 81762

Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field (adopted 12 August 1949, entered into force 21 October 1950) 75 UNTS 31759,762,903,931,995,1019,1125

Art 1903

Art 3764,765,909,925,931

Art 10762

Art 491125

Art 81762

Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (adopted 12 August 1949, entered into force 21 October 1950) 75 UNTS 287759,762, 903,931,995,1019,1125

Art 1903

Art 3764,765,909,925,931

Art 81762

Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (adopted 12 August 1949, entered into force 21 October 1950) 75 UNTS 135759,762,903,931,995,1019, 1125

Art 1903

Art 3764,765,909,925,931

Art 81762

Hague Convention (I) for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes (adopted 29 July 1899, entered into force 4 September 1900) 1 Bevans 230181,807

Art 1807

Art 137 (1)181

Hague Convention (I) for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes (adopted 18 October 1907, entered into force 26 January 1910) 1 Bevans 577181

Art 137 (1)181

Hague Convention (II) With Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land (adopted 29 July 1899, entered into force 4 September 1900) 187 CTS 429156,430,576 (p. xxxviii)

Hague Convention (XII) Relative to the Creation of an International Prize Court (signed 18 October 1907) 205 CTS 381181,549,647

Art 7181,546,549,647

International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) (adopted 17 February 1973, entered into force 2 October 1983) 1340 UNTS 62941,945

International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (Whaling Convention) (adopted 2 December 1946, entered into force 10 November 1948) 161 UNTS 361942

International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (adopted 9 December 1999, entered into force 10 April 2002) 2178 UNTS 1971125

Arts 4–81125

International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings (adopted 15 December 1997, entered into force 23 May 2001) 2149 UNTS 2841125

Arts 3–61125

International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination (adopted 21 December 1965, entered into force 4 January 1969) 660 UNTS 195879, 881

International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid (adopted 30 November 1973, entered into force 18 July 1976), 1015 UNTS 2431120

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) (adopted 19 December 1966, entered into force 23 March 1976) 999 UNTS 171439,851,862,867,875,880, 881,995,1120

Art 2(1)862

Art 141120

Art 251120

Art 41851

Art 48995

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) (adopted 16 December 1966, entered into force 3 January 1976) 993 UNTS 3867,995

Art 26995

Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (adopted 11 December 1997, entered into force 16 February 2005) 2303 UNTS 162 946,957,979

London Agreement for the Prosecution and Punishment of the Major War Criminals of the European Axis and Charter of the International Military Tribunal (8 August 1945) 82 UNTS 280311,313,572

Art 8572

Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO Charter) (adopted 15 April 1994, entered into force 1 January 1995) 1867 UNTS 154 137,598, 599,785,800,801,980,1010,1029,1034–45,1047,1048,1050,1052,1064

Art III.21010

Art IX.21040

Art X.91043

Art XII.11029 (p. xxxix)

Annex 1A—Multilateral Agreements on Trade in Goods

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) (adopted 30 October 1947, entered into force 1 January 1948) 55 UNTS 194408,1030,1035,1036,1043,1044,1050

Art III:11050

Art III:41050–52

Art XX408,409,1035,1051

Art XX (a)1035

Art XX (g)1035

Art XXIV1035,1036

Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) 1867

UNTS 493487,1038

Art 3.11038

Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) 1868 UNTS 1201030,1038,1050, 1052

Art 2.11050–2

Art 2.41038

Annex 1C—Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) 1869 UNTS 299759,1030,1043

Annex 2—Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) 1869 UNTS 401799,800,817, 1028,1031,1032,1035,1037,1044,1048

Art 2.1799

Art 3.2800,1028,1031,1035,1048

Art 3.101036

Art 111032

Art 17.21032

Art 21.3799,800

Art 21.5799,800

Art 22817

Art 22.6799,800

Annex 4 Plurilateral Trade Agreements (PTA)1043

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol) (adopted 16 September 1987, entered into force 1 January 1989) 1522 UNTS 3967 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (entered into force 1 January 1994) (1993) 32 ILM 289 and 6051034,1036,1078,1081,1082,1099,1105,1106

Art 11101081

Art 1110 (2), (3)1081

Art 20051036

Paris Agreement on Climate Change (adopted 12 December 2015, entered into force 4 November 2016) UN Doc. FCCC/CP/2015/L.9968

Art 2.1 (a)968,982

Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (adopted 8 June 1977, entered into force 7 December 1978) (Additional Protocol I) 1125 UNTS 3759,762,931,995, 1019

Art 4765

Art 97762 (p. xl)

Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (adopted 8 June 1977, entered into force 21 September 1970) (Additional Protocol II) 1125 UNTS 609762,925, 927,995,1019

Art 24762

Protocol of Cartagena de Indias (adopted 5 December 1985, entered into force 16 November 1988) OASTS No 66, 119 UNTS 3947

Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (adopted 7 November 1996, entered into force 24 March 2006) 1046 UNTS 120945

Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (14 June 1992) (1992) 31 ILM 874 458,951,952,956,957,979

Principle 2980

Principle 7980

Principle 15980

Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (adopted 17 July 1998, entered into force 1 July 2002) 2187 UNTS 9035190,311,830,892–4,901,904–7,910,917,925, 1125,1126

Art 9905

Art 17830,1125

Art 21892,905,906

Art 21 (b), (c)1130

Art 21 (3)906

Art 25917

Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda UNSC Res 955 (8 November 1994) UN Doc. S/RES/955901,916,917

Statute of the Council of Europe (adopted 5 May 1949, entered into force 3 August 1949) ETS 1799

Art 8799

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