The Law of International Human Rights Protection
Second Edition
WALTER KÄLIN
Professor Emeritus of Constitutional and International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Bern
JÖRG KÜNZLI
Professor of Constitutional and International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Bern
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom
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Acknowledgements
Like the previous edition of this book, this new revised and expanded edition is based on our Universeller Menschenrechtsschutz (4th edition, 2018) published by Helbing & Lichtenhahn (Basel) and Nomos (Baden Baden). We are grateful to our publishers for granting the rights for this English edition.
We also thank our dedicated staff at the Institute of Public Law (University of Bern) for important support, in particular Monika Wyss, Maria Schultheiss, Barbara von Rütte, and Lukas Heim.
Walter Kälin Jörg Künzli
Bern
26 February 2019
I. THE FOUNDATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL
II. IMPLEMENTATION
III. SUBSTANTIVE GUARANTEES
II.
III.
1.
2.
(b) Human rights obligations of the member states of international organizations?
(i) Responsibility of member states for the implementation of decisions of international organizations
(ii) Responsibility of member states for conduct by organs or agents of international organizations that violate human rights
(iii) Responsibility of member states for the conduct of their nationals during peacekeeping missions
3.
3. State obligations in the event of loss of
4. State obligations in the event of extraterritorial conduct
(i)
(ii)
(v) Violations perpetrated against persons on foreign territory in the absence of
5. State obligations in the event of extraterritorial effects of internal conduct
3. Categories of
4.
1. Personal scope of
(a) Protected persons in an
(b) Minimum obligations vis-à-vis all persons under the control of a party to an international armed
(c) Obligations vis-à-vis all affected persons in a
2. Substantive
3. Territorial
PART II: IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
1.
2.
2.
PART III SUBSTANTIVE GUARANTEES
(iii) Prohibition of extradition and deportation in cases of a real risk of execution
(d) The right to life in situations of armed conflict
(ii) Basic principles of international humanitarian law on the protection of life
3. Duty to protect
(b) Obligation to protect persons in state custody
(d) Special obligations at the beginning and the end of life?
4. Duty
5. The collective dimension of the right to life: prohibition of genocide
1.
2.
3. The right to water and
4.
5.
II.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
III.
1.
IV.
V.
2.
18.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
(e)
3.
4.
2.
3.
1.
2.
4. The prohibition of inhuman treatment as an absolute limitation on expulsion, deportation, and extradition
5. Acquisition of nationality and the legal status of stateless persons
1.
4.
1.
Table of Cases
AFRICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES’ RIGHTS (ACMHPR)
Achutan and Amnesty International v Malawi, 64/1992, 68/1992 and 78/1992 (1995) 316–17n58, 463n123
Amnesty International and Others v Sudan, 48/1990, 50/1991, 52/1991 and 89/1993 (1999) 279–80n140, 316–17n52, 420–21n74, 456n46
Association of Victims of Post Electoral Violence & Interights v Cameroon, 272/2003 (2009) 103n187
Avocats sans Frontières v Burundi, 231/1999 (2000) 478n108
Bah Ould Rabah v Mauritania, 197/1997 (2004)
Centre for Free Speech v Nigeria, 206/1997 (1999)
Centre for Minority Rights Development (Kenya) and Minority Rights Group (on behalf of Endorois Welfare Council) v Kenya, 276/2003 (2009)
Civil Liberties Organisation and Others v Nigeria, 218/1998 (2001)
430–31n9
472–73n56
116–17n25, 374–75n213
266n56, 268–69n74, 476n91
Commission Nationale des Droits de l’Homme et des Libertés v Chad, 74/1992 (1995)�
139n153
Constitutional Rights Project and Civil Liberties Organisation v Nigeria, 102/1993 (1998) 513–14n202
Constitutional Rights Project and Civil Liberties Organisation v Nigeria, 148/1996 (1999) 454–55n34
Constitutional Rights Project, Civil Liberties Organisation and Media Rights Agenda v Nigeria, 140/1994, 141/1994 and 145/1995 (1999) 459n81, 492n3, 495n48
Democratic Republic of Congo v Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda, 227/1999 (2003) 63n105, 115–16n18, 116–17n20, 194n86, 227n142, 230n155
Dawda Jawara v The Gambia, 147/1995 and 149/1996 (2000) 510n177
Doebbler v Sudan, 236/2000 (2003) 319n96
Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights and Interights v Egypt, 334/2006 (2011) 325n129, 473–74n63, 483n163
Forum of Conscience v Sierra Leone, 223/1998 (2000)
Good v Botswana, 313/2005 (2010)
Huri-Laws v Nigeria, 225/1998 (2000)
International PEN, Constitutional Rights Project, Civil Liberties Organisation and Interights v Nigeria, 137/1994, 139/194, 154/1996 and 161/1997 (1998)
Interights et al v Botswana, 240/2001 (2004)�
Kazeem Aminu v Nigeria, 205/1997 (2000)
259n1, 266n54
492–93n15, 497n72
316–17n49, 499n93
266n54, 285–86n188
317–18n67
261n10
Kazingachire and Others v Zimbabwe, 295/2004 (2013) 262–63n16
Law Office of Ghazi Suleiman v Sudan, 222/1998 and 229/1999 (2003) 316–17n59
Law Offices of Ghazi Suleiman v Sudan, 228/1999 (2003) 521–22n5
Lawyers for Human Rights v Swaziland, 251/2002 (2005) 507–8n153
Legal Resources Foundation v Zambia, 211/1998 (2001) 518n248
Malawi African Association and Others v Mauritania, 54/1991, 61/1991, 98/1993, 164–196/1997 and 210/1998 (2000) 115–16n17, 116–17n19, 285–86n187, 430n4, 473–74n63
Mgwanga Gunme and Others v Cameroon, 266/2003 (2009) 116–17n21, 367–68n179
Modise v Botswana, 97/1993 (2000) 536–37n127
Mouvement Burkinabé des Droits de l’Homme et des Peuples v Burkina Faso, 204/1997 (2001)
Purohit and Moore v The Gambia, 241/2001 (2003)
332–33n175
304n301
xxiv Table of Cases
Rencontre Africaine pour la Défense des Droits de l’Homme v Zambia, 71/1992 (1996) � � � � � 526n43
Scanlen & Holderness v Zimbabwe, 297/2005 (2009)
494–95n41
Shumba v Zimbabwe, 288/2004 (2012) 280n152, 313n18, 314–15n27, 320n97
Social and Economic Rights Action Centre and the Centre for Economic and Social Rights v Nigeria, 155/1996 (2001) 87n99, 116–17n19, 292n227, 300–1n273, 305n306
Sudan Human Rights Organisation & Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (COHRE) v Sudan, 279/2003–296/2005 (2009) 116–17n21, 116–17n22, 279n135, 284–85n179, 292n227, 313n18, 316–17n62, 540n143
Union Interafricaine des Droits de l’Homme and Others v Angola, 159/1996 (1997) 526n43
Wetsh’okonda Koso and Others v Democratic Republic of the Congo, 281/2003 (2008) 473–74n64
Zegveld and Ephrem v Eritrea, 250/2002 (2003) 332–33n175
Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum v Zimbabwe, 245/2002 (2006)
Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights and Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa (on behalf of Andrew Barclay Meldrum) v Zimbabwe, 294/2004 (2009)
186n39
494–95n42
AFRICAN COURT ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES’ RIGHTS (ACTHPR)
Actions pour la Protection des Droits de l’Homme (APDH) v C ôte d’Ivoire, 001/2014 (2016)
Anudo Ochieng Anudo v Tanzania, 012/2015 (2018)
African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights v Kenya, 006/2012 (2017)
513–14n207
380–81n38
286n194, 367–68n182, 372n203, 374–75n214, 422n85
Jonas v Tanzania, 011/2015 (2017)
Lohé Issa Konaté v Burkina Faso, 004/2013 (2014)
481n133
496–97n66
Onyachi and Njoka v Tanzania, 003/2015 (2017) 453n25, 457–58n63
Tanganyika Law Society and The Legal and Human Rights Centre and Reverend Christopher Mtikila v Tanzania, 009&011/2011 (2013) 517n239
Umuhoza v Rwanda (dec), Ruling on Withdrawal of Declaration, 003/2014 (2016) 138n151
AFRICAN COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON THE RIGHTS AND WELFARE OF THE CHILD
Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa (IHRDA) and Open Society Justice Initiative on Behalf of Children of Nubian Descent in Kenya v Kenya, 002/2009 (2011) 535–36n121, 536n123
COMMITTEE AGAINST TORTURE (CTTEEAT)
Agiza v Sweden, 233/2003 (2005) 533n102
Dadar v Canada, 258/2004 (2005) 324n124
Dimitrijevic v Serbia and Montenegro, 172/2000 (2005) 313n15
Dzemajl et al v Serbia and Montenegro, 161/2000 (2002)
Ela ïba v Tunisia, 551/2013 (2016)
Elmi v Australia, 120/1998 (1999)
F�B� v The Netherlands, 613/2014 (2015)
Gerasimov v Kazakhstan, 433/2010 (2012)
Guengueng et al v Senegal, 181/2001 (2006)
K � v Australia, 591/2014 (2015)
Osmani v Serbia, 261/2005 (2009)
316–17n62
328–29n153, 329n163
534n110
528n55, 528n57, 534n111
328–29n153
328–29n155
528n56
325–26n139
R G et al v Sweden, 586/2014 (2015) 528n55, 528n57
R K et al v Sweden, 309/2006 (2008) 528n55, 528n57
Z v Australia, 511/2012 (2014) 329–30n168
COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS (CTTEEESCR)
I D G v Spain, 2/2014 (2015) 302n289
COMMITTEE ON ENFORCED DISAPPEARANCES (CTTEEED)
Yrusta v Argentina, 1/2013 (2016) 331n170
COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN (CTTEEEDAW)
A �T� v Hungary, 2/2003 (2005)
Belousova v Kazakhstan, 45/2012 (2015)
Jallow v Bulgaria, 32/2011 (2012)
J�I� v Finland, 103/2016 (2018)
R �P�B� v The Philippines, 34/2011 (2014)
The Vienna Intervention Centre against Domestic Violence v Austria, 6/2005 (2007)
V�K � v Bulgaria, 20/2008 (2011)�
350n70
X and Y v Georgia, 24/2009 (2015) 350n69
COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION (CTTEEERD)
Adan v Denmark, 43/2008 (2010) 358n114
A W R A P v Denmark, 37/2006 (2007) 357n109
Dawas and Shava v Denmark, 46/2009 (2012) 358n115
Habassi v Denmark, 10/1997 (1999) 358n113
L K v The Netherlands, 4/1991 (1993) 358n113
P S N v Denmark, 36/2006 (2007) 357n109
Sadic v Denmark, 25/2002 (2003) 358n113
TBB-Turkish Union in Berlin/Brandenburg v Germany, 48/2010 (2013)
V� S� v Slovakia, 56/2014 (2016)
COMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (CTTEERPD)
Bacher v Austria, 26/2014 (2018)
Beasley v Australia, 11/2013 (2016)
Bujdosó v Hungary, 4/2011 (2013)
F� v Austria, 21/2014 (2015)
498n87
358n112
343–44n38
516–17n236
�361n128
H M v Sweden, 3/2011 (2012) 344n40, 345n43, 359n124, 359n125
Lockrey v Australia, 31/2013 (2016) 343–44n38
Nyusti and Tak ács v Sweden, 1/2010 (2013) 361n127
X v Argentina, 8/2012 (2014) 361n129
X v Tanzania, 22/2014 (2017) 361n131
ECOWAS
COMMUNITY COURT OF JUSTICE
Mani Koraou v Niger, 06/2008 (2008) 430n9
The Registered Trustees of the Socio-Economic and Accountability Project (SERAP) v Nigeria &UBEC, 07/2010 (2010) 410n14
EUROPEAN COMMISSION OF HUMAN RIGHTS (ECMHR)
Amekrane v The United Kingdom, 5961/72, Yearbook 16 (1973) 530n72
Bahaddar v The Netherlands, 25894/94 (1995), Reports 1998-I 530–31n79
Br ü ggemann and Scheuten v Germany, 6959/75, DR 10 (1977), 100 387–88n96
Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the Netherlands v Greece (I), 3321/67 et al (1969) 230n159
France, Norway, Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands v Turkey, 9940/82 et al (1985)
R �H� v Norway (admissibility dec), 17004/90 (1992)
�230n159
283n174
