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Anatomy of the Heart
Physiology of the Heart
Blood Pressure
Pathology: the Heart and Blood Vessels
Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures
Exercises
Answers to Exercises
Chapter 12 Respiratory System
Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology of Respiration
Pathology
Clinical Procedures
Exercises
Answers to Exercises
Chapter 13 Blood System
Introduction
Composition and Formation of Blood
Blood Types
Blood Clotting
Pathology
Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures
Exercises
Answers to Exercises
Chapter 14 Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Introduction
Lymphatic System
Immune System
Pathologic Conditions
Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures
Exercises
Answers to Exercises
Chapter 15 Musculoskeletal System
Introduction
Bones
Pathology Bones
Joints
Pathology Joints
Muscles
Pathology Muscles
Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures
Exercises
Answers to Exercises
Chapter 16 Skin
Introduction
Anatomy of the Skin
Accessory Structures of the Skin
Pathology
Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures
Exercises
Answers to Exercises
Chapter 17 Sense Organs
Introduction
The Eye
Errors of Refraction
Pathology—the Eye
Clinical Procedures the Eye
The Ear
Pathology the Ear
Clinical Procedures—the Ear
Exercises
Answers to Exercises
Chapter 18 Endocrine System
Introduction
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Glands
Adrenal Glands
Pancreas
Pituitary Gland
Ovaries
Testes
Pathology
Laboratory Tests
Clinical Procedures
Exercises
Answers to Exercises
Chapter 19 Cancer Medicine (Oncology)
Introduction
Characteristics of Tumors
Carcinogenesis
Classification of Cancerous Tumors
Pathologic Descriptions
Grading and Staging Systems
Cancer Treatment
Laboratory Tests
Clinical Procedures
Exercises
Answers to Exercises
Chapter 20 Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
Introduction
Radiology
Nuclear Medicine
Exercises
Answers to Exercises
Chapter 21 Pharmacology
Introduction
Drug Names, Standards, and References
Administration of Drugs
Drug Actions and Interactions
Drug Toxicity
Classes of Drugs
Exercises
Answers to Exercises
Chapter 22 Psychiatry
Introduction
Psychiatric Clinical Symptoms
Psychiatric Disorders
Therapeutic Modalities
Exercises
Answers to Exercises
Mini-Dictionary
M N O P Q R S T U V W X
Glossary
Appendix I Plurals
Appendix II Abbreviations, Acronyms, Eponyms, and Symbols
Abbreviations
Acronyms
Eponyms
Symbols
Appendix III Normal Hematologic Reference Values and Implications of Abnormal Results
Appendix IV Drugs
Illustrations Credits
Index
Chabner makes medical terminology MEMORABLE…
Students…
Instructors…
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Copyright
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE, TWELFTH EDITION ISBN: 9780-323-55147-2
Copyright © 2021, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher's permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
Notice
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Previous editions copyrighted 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007, 2004, 2001, 1996, 1991, 1985, 1981, and 1976.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2020932476
Senior Content Strategist: Linda Woodard
Senior Content Development Manager: Luke Held
Publishing Services Manager: Julie Eddy
Senior Project Manager: Abigail Bradberry
Design Direction: Amy Buxton
Printed in Canada
digit is the print number: 9 8
Dedication
For Gus, Amari, Solomon, Bebe, Ben, and Louisa
You make it all worthwhile.
Preface
WELCOME TO THE 12TH EDITION OF THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE
The continuing focus of this new edition is its cutting-edge relevance to real-life medical practice. Drawing on the newest technology, stateof-the-art medical procedures, and treatments, The Language of Medicine brings medical terminology to life. The newly-drawn dynamic images and up-to-date photography plus compelling patient stories further illustrate medical terminology in action.
I am honored that this text continues to be the book instructors return to, year after year, because their students tell them that it works! As a student, you will find that The Language of Medicine speaks to you no matter what your background or level of education. It is written in simple, non-technical language that creates an exceptionally accessible pathway to learning. Since it is a workbook-text combination, you engage and interact on practically every page through writing and reviewing terms, labeling diagrams, and answering questions. Terminology is explained so that you understand medical terms in their proper context, which is the structure and function of the human body in health and disease.
Throughout the process of writing this text over its 12 editions, I have listened to hundreds of students and instructors and incorporated their insightful suggestions. Expert medical reviewers have once again helped me to ensure that the terminology included reflects cutting edge clinical practice. New information and illustrations throughout are the result of recommendations from all those who have so generously provided feedback. My continuing goal in writing The Language of Medicine is to help you not only learn
medical terminology but also to enjoy learning! You will find that medical terminology comes alive and stays with you when you use my interactive, logical, and easy-to-follow method. Undeniably, the study of this language requires commitment and hard work, but the benefits are great. Knowledge of medical terminology will give you a strong start in your career.
NEW TO THE 12TH EDITION
The biggest bonus for students and instructors is the brand new MINI-DICTIONARY at the end of the book. This is a complete list of all medical terms in the text with easy to understand explanations. My thought was to provide an immediate, convenient way for finding definitions, seeing pronunciations, and checking answers to all
terminology sections. It also will be a useful reference, not only during your coursework, but as you begin your new medical career!
While the essential elements of The Language of Medicine remain in place, the new 12th edition is even more relevant to real-life medical
situations.
The 12th edition includes helpful hints to point out important facts and make things clear. There are also new, first-hand stories of medical conditions and procedures. These personal accounts make medical terminology more understandable and relevant.
HOW TO USE THE BOOK
The Language of Medicine makes learning easy. The book guides and
coaches you step by step through the learning experience. Don't get overwhelmed! Approach learning systematically, step by step. I've helped you study each chapter by organizing the information in small pieces. Icons are provided to help you navigate the sections of the text.
Student Evolve Resources
(complimentary
purchase of this text)
The student website accompanying this new edition is packed with activities, games, additional information, and video clips to expand your understanding and test your knowledge. Additionally, on the website, you can hear the terms corresponding to the Pronunciation of Terms section in each chapter (more than 3,000 terms in all). Access your resources at: http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chabner/language.
MEDICAL LANGUAGE INSTANT TRANSLATOR (for sale separately)
The Medical Language Instant Translator is a uniquely useful resource for all allied health professionals and students of medical terminology. It is a pocket-sized medical terminology reference with convenient information at your fingertips!
INSTRUCTOR'S RESOURCE MANUAL
The Language of Medicine Instructor's Resource Manual (includes instructor's manual, ExamView test bank, PowerPoints, and an image collection) is available with even more new quizzes, teaching suggestions, crossword puzzles, medical reports, and reference material. The image collection contains all figures and photos from the 12th edition. The instructor materials plus a test bank can be accessed online at http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chabner/language.
The fundamental features you have come to trust in learning and teaching medical terminology remain strong in this new edition. These are:
• Simple, nontechnical explanations of medical terms.
• Workbook format with ample space to write answers.
• Explanations of clinical procedures, laboratory tests, and abbreviations related to each body system.
• Pronunciation of Terms sections with phonetic spellings and spaces to write meanings of terms.
• Practical Applications sections with case reports, operative and diagnostic tests, and laboratory and x-ray reports.
• Exercises that test your understanding of terminology
as you work through the text step by step (answers are included).
• Review Sheets that pull together terminology to help you study.
• Comprehensive glossaries and appendices for reference in class and on the job.
Each student and teacher who selects The Language of Medicine becomes my partner in the exciting adventure of learning medical terms. Continuity is crucial. Continue to communicate with me through email (daviellenchabner@gmail.com) with your suggestions and comments so that future printings and editions may benefit. A website connected to The Language of Medicine and dedicated to helping students and teachers is located at http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chabner/language. I hope you will tell me about additional resources you would like to see on that website so that we can make it an even more useful part of the learning process. You should know that I still experience the thrill and joy of teaching new students. I love being in a classroom and feel privileged to continue to write this text. I hope that my enthusiasm and passion for the medical language are transmitted to you through these pages. Work hard, but have fun with The Language of Medicine!
Acknowledgments
Maureen Pfeifer has been my extraordinary and indispensable editorial partner for the last 22 years. Her phenomenal expertise in all facets of communication, coordination, production, editing, updating, and management is amazing. She has the unique ability to “make things happen” and “make things right.” Both personally and professionally, I am grateful for her unique insight and capabilities. She is intelligent, calm, and upbeat in the face of any issue affecting The Language of Medicine and its ancillaries. Most of all, I rely on her loyalty and her confidence that we are creating an eminently useful and valuable textbook and resource for both students and instructors. Thank you, Maureen, for everything you do for me, especially when you take things “off my plate.”
Bruce A. Chabner, MD, and Elizabeth Chabner Thompson, MD, MPH, continue to be amazing resources to me for expert and up-todate medical advice. Their contributions were essential in reviewing and editing all chapters and glossaries. My devoted friend, Dan Longo, MD, never turned me down for valuable medical advice and editing of chapters. He was also a wonderful resource for helping identify expert reviewers.
Jim Perkins, Assistant Professor of Medical Illustration, Rochester Institute of Technology, has been associated with The Language of Medicine since its 6th edition. He has worked with me to create drawings that are not only attractive but also essential in making the terminology more understandable. I have come to rely on his unique talent for clarity, accuracy, and detail.
I am indebted to the many medical reviewers listed on pages xv-xvi
