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Symbols and abbreviations xi
Contributors xv
SECTION 1
Technical aspects of imaging
1 Conventional echocardiography—basic principles 3
Andreas Hagendorff, Stephan Stobe, and Bhupendar Tayal
2 Nuclear cardiology (PET and SPECT)—basic principles 41
Danilo Neglia, Riccardo Liga, Stephan G. Nekolla, Frank M. Bengel, Ornella Rimoldi, and Paolo G. Camici
3 Cardiac CT—basic principles 57
Gianluca Pontone and Filippo Cademartiri
4 CMR—basic principles 67
Jan Bogaert, Rolf Symons, and Jeremy Wright
5 Training and competence in cardiovascular imaging 79
Kevin Fox and Marcelo F. Di Carli
SECTION 2
New technical developments in imaging techniques
6 New developments in echocardiography/ Advanced echocardiography 87
6.1 Three-dimensional echocardiography 87
Silvia Gianstefani and Mark J. Monaghan
6.2 Assessment of myocardial function by speckle-tracking echocardiography 103
Thor Edvardsen, Lars Gunnar Klaeboe, Ewa Szymczyk, and Jarosław D. Kasprzak
7 Contrast echocardiography 111
Roxy Senior, Harald Becher, Fausto J. Pinto, and Rajdeep S. Khattar
8 Echocardiography in the cath lab: Fusion imaging and use of intracardiac echocardiography 121
Covadonga Fernández-Golfín and José Luis Zamorano
9 New technical developments in nuclear cardiology and hybrid imaging 129
Antti Saraste, Sharmila Dorbala, and Juhani Knuuti
10 New technical developments in Cardiac CT: Anatomy, fractional flow reserve (FFR), and machine learning 145
Stephan Achenbach, Jonathan Leipsic, and James Min
SECTION 3
Valvular heart disease
11 Aortic valve stenosis 161
Philippe Pibarot, Helmut Baumgartner, Marie-Annick Clavel, Nancy Côté, and Stefan Orwat
12 Aortic valve regurgitation 181
Julien Magne and Patrizio Lancellotti
13 Mitral valve stenosis 191
Ferande Peters and Eric Brochet
14 Mitral valve regurgitation 199
Daniel Rodríguez Muñoz, Kyriakos Yiangou, and José Luis Zamorano
15 Tricuspid and pulmonary valve disease 211
Denisa Muraru and Elif Leyla Sade
16 Multiple and mixed valvular heart disease 223
Philippe Unger and Madalina Garbi
17 Intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography for valvular surgery 233
Joseph F. Maalouf and Hector I. Michelena
18 Valvular prostheses 251
Luigi P. Badano and Denisa Muraru
19 Endocarditis 271
Daniel Rodríguez Muñoz and Álvaro Marco del Castillo
SECTION 4
Procedures in the intensive cardiovascular care unit
20 Imaging- guided transseptal puncture and transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale/ atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and paravalvular leaks 287
Itzhak Kronzon, Juan Manuel Monteagudo, Francesco F. Faletra, Priti Mehla, and Muhamed Saric
21 Imaging for electrophysiological procedures 303
Louisa O’Neill, Iain Sim, John Whitaker, Steven Williams, Henry Chubb, Pál Maurovich-Horvat, Mark O’Neill, and Reza Razavi
22 Transcatheter aortic valve implantation 315
Arnold C.T. Ng, Victoria Delgado, and Jeroen J. Bax
23 Transcatheter mitral valve interventions 337
Nina C. Wunderlich, Robert J. Siegel, Ronak Rajani, and Nir Flint
24 Transcatheter tricuspid valve repair/ replacement 361
Rebecca T. Hahn
25 Transcatheter pulmonic valve replacement 377
Kuberan Pushparajah and Alessandra Frigiola
SECTION 5
Coronary artery disease
26 Echocardiography and detection of coronary artery disease 395
Thor Edvardsen, Marta Sitges, and Rosa Sicari
27 Nuclear cardiology and detection of coronary artery disease 403
Richard Underwood, James Stirrup, and Danilo Neglia
28 PET-CT and detection of coronary artery disease 421
Marcelo F. Di Carli
29 MDCT and detection of coronary artery disease 435
Stephan Achenbach and Pál Maurovich-Horvat
30 CMR and detection of coronary artery disease 447
Eike Nagel, Juerg Schwitter, and Sven Plein
31 Non-invasive Imaging of the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque 467
Rong Bing, David E. Newby, Jagat Narula, and Marc R. Dweck
32 Imaging of microvascular disease 481
Paolo G. Camici and Ornella Rimoldi
SECTION 6
Heart failure
33 Evaluation of systolic LV function and LV mechanics 497
Rainer Hoffmann and Frank A. Flachskampf
34 Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function 507
Bogdan A. Popescu, Carmen C. Beladan, and Maurizio Galderisi†
35 Imaging of the right heart 519
Lawrence Rudski, Petros Nihoyannopoulos, and Sarah Blissett
36 Assessment of viability 545
Luc A. Pierard, Paola Gargiulo, Pasquale Perrone-Filardi, Bernhard Gerber, and Joseph B. Selvanayagam
37 Imaging cardiac innervation 565
Albert Flotats and Ignasi Carrió
38 Cardiac resynchronization therapy: Selection of candidates 577
Victoria Delgado and Jens-Uwe Voigt
39 Cardiac resynchronization therapy: Optimization and follow-up 587
Marta Sitges and Erwan Donal
40 Echocardiography evaluation in extracorporeal support 599
Susanna Price and Alessia Gambaro
41 Cardiac imaging in cardio-oncology 613
Riccardo Asteggiano, Patrizio Lancellotti, Maurizio Galderisi†, Stephane Ederhy, and Marie Moonen
SECTION 7
Cardiomyopathies
42 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 629
Nuno Cardim, Alexandra Toste, and Robin Nijveldt
43 Infiltrative cardiomyopathy 645
Massimo Lombardi, Silvia Pica, Antonella Camporeale, Alessia Gimelli, and Dudley J. Pennell
44 Dilated cardiomyopathy 661
Upasana Tayal, Sanjay Prasad, Tjeerd Germans, and Albert C. van Rossum
45 Other genetic and acquired cardiomyopathies 681
Kristina Haugaa and Perry Elliott
SECTION 8
Peri-myocardial disease
46 Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade 697
Allan Klein, Bernard Cosyns, and Aldo L. Schenone
47 Constrictive pericarditis 707
Alida L.P. Caforio, Maurizio Galderisi†, Massimo Imazio, Renzo Marcolongo, Yehuda Adler, and Ciro Santoro
48 Myocarditis 715
Ali Yilmaz, Heiko Mahrholdt, and Udo Sechtem
49 Cardiac masses and tumours 731
Teresa López-Fernández and Peter Buser
SECTION 9
Aortic disease: aneurysm and dissection
50 The role of echocardiography 747
Arturo Evangelista and Gisela Teixidó-Turà
51 Aortic disease: Aneurysm and dissection—role of CMR 757
Jose F. Rodriguez-Palomares and Arturo Evangelista
52 Aortic disease: Aneurysm and dissection—role of MSCT 771
Rocío Hinojar and Raimund Erbel
SECTION 10
Adult congenital heart disease
53 The role of echocardiography in adult congenital heart disease 783
Lindsay A. Smith, Mark K. Friedberg, and Luc Mertens
54 The role of CMR and MSCT 809
Giovanni Di Salvo and Francesca R. Pluchinotta
Index 823
Symbols and abbreviations
z video
cross reference
9 additional online material
M website
AC arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy/attenuation correction
AccT acceleration time
ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACR American College of Radiology
ACS acute coronary syndromes
AF atrial fibrillation
åICD implantable cardioverter defibrillator
Ar atrial reverse velocity
AR aortic regurgitation
ARVC arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
AS aortic stenosis
ASD atrial septal defect
ASE American Society of Echocardiography
ASO amplatzer septal occluder
AV aortic valve/atrial valve
AVA aortic valve area
AVS aortic valve stenosis
BAV bicuspid aortic valve
BMI body mass index
BNP B-type natriuretic peptide
BSA body surface area
CAC coronary artery calcium
CAD coronary artery disease
CAV cardiac allograft vasculopathy
CBF coronary blood flow
CCT cardiac computed tomography
CCTA coronary computed tomography angiography
CFR case fatality rate/coronary flow reserve
CHF congestive heart failure
CIED cardiac implantable electrical devices
CLT Classroom and Laboratory Training
CM contrast material
CMD coronary microvascular dysfunction
CMR cardiac magnetic resonance
CPT cold pressure testing
CRT cardiac resynchronization therapy
CSA cross-sectional area
CT computed tomography
CTA computed tomography angiography
CTCA computed tomography coronary angiography
CTP computed tomography myocardial perfusion
CW colour wave/continuous wave
CWD colour wave Doppler
CZT cadmium zinc telluride
DECT dual-energy computed tomography
DOPS Direct Observation of Practical Skills
DSCT dual-source computed tomography
DSE dobutamine stress echocardiography
EACTS European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
EACVI European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging
EAM electro-anatomical mapping
EANM European Association of Nuclear Medicine
EAPC European Association of Preventive Cardiology
ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
ECNC European Council of Nuclear Cardiology
ECV extracellular volume
ED effective radiation dose
ED external diameter
EDIC Echo Dobutamine International Cooperative
EDT E wave deceleration time
EDV end-diastolic volume
EF ejection fraction
EOA effective orifice area
EPIC Echo-Persantine International Cooperative
ERO effective regurgitant orifice
EROA effective regurgitant orifice area
ESC European Society of Cardiology
ESCR European Society of Cardiac Radiology
ESCR European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology
ESV end-systolic volume
EVEREST Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge REpair Study
FAC fractional area change
FBP filtered back-projection
FF forward flow
FFA free fatty acid
FFR fractional flow reserve
FO fossa ovalis
FOV field of view
FWLS free wall longitudinal strain
GCV GREAT cardiac vein
GLS global longitudinal left ventricular strain
GLS global longitudinal strain
HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
HF heart failure
HFA Heart Failure Association
HFpEF heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HLA horizontal long axis
HR heart rate
HU Hounsfield Units
HVD heart valve disease
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
ICA invasive coronary angiography
ICU intensive care unit
IDR iodine delivery rate
INCAPS IAEA Nuclear Cardiology Protocols Cross-Sectional Study
IOD internal orifice diameter
IRIS iterative reconstruction in image space
IVC inferior vena cava
IVRT isovolumic relaxation time
IVUS intravascular ultrasound
LA left atrium
LA long axis
LAA left atrial appendage
LAD left anterior descending
LAP left atrial pressure
LAV left atrial volume
LAVi LA volume indexed to body surface area
LBBB left bundle branch block
LD left disc
LDL low-density lipoprotein
LGE late gadolinium enhancement
LMV left marginal vein
LOR line-of response
LS longitudinal strain
LV left ventricle
LVAD left ventricular assistance device
LVFP left ventricular filling pressure
LVEDD left ventricle end-diastolic dimension
LVEDP left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction
LVESV left ventricular end-systolic volume
LVOT left ventricular outflow tract
MACE major adverse cardiovascular events
MAD mitral annular disjunction
MAPSE mitral annular plane systolic excursion
MBF myocardial blood flow
MCE myocardial contrast echocardiography
MCQ multiple choice question
MDCT multidetector-row computed tomography
MESA Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
MFR myocardial flow reserve
MI mechanical index
MI myocardial infarction
MIP maximum intensity projections
MPI myocardial performance index/myocardial perfusion imaging
MPRI myocardial perfusion reserve index
MR mitral regurgitation
MRA magnetic resonance angiography
MRCA magnetic resonance coronary angiography
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
MS mitral stenosis
MV mitral valve
MVA mitral valve area
MVO microvascular obstruction
NASCI North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging
NBE National Board of Echocardiography
NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
NYHA New York Heart Association
OCT optical coherence tomography
OR operating room
PA pulmonary artery
PAH pulmonary arterial hypertension
PAP pulmonary arterial pressure
PASP pulmonary artery systolic pressure
PCWP pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
PE pulmonary embolism
PET positron emission tomography
PFO patent foramen ovalis
PH pulmonary hypertension
PHT pressure half-time
PISA proximal isovelocity surface area
PIV posterior interventricular vein
PLARC paravalvular Leak Academic Research Consortium
PPL referred to as periprosthetic leak
PR pulmonary regurgitation
PS pulmonary stenosis
PSF point spread function
PSIR phase-sensitive inversion recovery
PSS post-systolic shortening
PV pulmonary valve
PVI pulmonary vein isolation
PVLV posterior vein of the left ventricle
PVR pulmonary vascular resistance
PW pulsed wave
QA quality assurance
RA right artery
RAP right atrial pressure
RCA right coronary artery
RD right disc
RF regurgitant flow
RF regurgitant fraction
RIMP right-sided index of myocardial performance
ROI region of interest
ROS reactive oxygen species
RPM revolutions per minute
RV right ventricle
RVAD right ventricular assist device
RVEF right ventricular ejection fraction
RVOT right ventricular outflow tract
RVSP right ventricular systolic pressure
SAM systolic anterior motion
SARF severe acute respiratory failure
SCCT Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography
SCD sudden cardiac death
SCMR Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
SD standard deviation
SE stress echocardiography
SHD structural heart disease
SL septal leaflet
SNR signal-to-noise ratio
SPAMM spatial modulation of magnetization
SPECT single photon emission computed tomography
SRD sewing ring diameter
SSFP steady-state free precession
STE speckle tracking echocardiography
SV stroke volume
SVC superior vena cava
TA tricuspid annular
TAC time-activity curves
TAD tissue annulus diameter
TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion
TAVI transcatheter aortic valve implantation
TAVR transcatheter aortic valve replacement
TOE transoesophageal echocardiography
TI the optimal inversion
TOF tetralogy of Fallot
TOF time of flight
TR tricuspid regurgitation
TTDE the feasibility of transthoracic doppler echocardiography
TV tricuspid valve
USPIO ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide
VA ventricular arrhythmias
VAD ventricular assist device
VC vena contracta
VHD valvular heart disease
VLA vertical long axis
VSD ventricular septal defect
VT velocity time
VT ventricular tachycardia
VTI velocity-time integral
WISE Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation
Contributors
Stephan Achenbach
Department of Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
Yehuda Adler
The Gertner Institute, Sheba Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University and the College for Academic Studies, Tel Aviv, Israel
Riccardo Asteggiano, MD, FESC
Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Insubria University, Varese, Italy; LARC (Laboratorio Analisi e Ricerca Clinica), Turin, Italy
Luigi P. Badano, MD, PhD, FESC, FACC, Honorary FASE, Honorary FEACVI
Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of MilanoBicocca; Director of the Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences; Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazzale Brescia, MI, Italy
Helmut Baumgartner, MD
Department of Cardiology III, Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
Jeroen J. Bax, MD, PhD
Professor of Cardiology, Head Department of Non-invasive Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
Harald Becher, MD, PhD, FRCP
Professor of Medicine, ABACUS, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Carmen C. Beladan, MD, PhD
University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’— Euroecolab, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases ‘Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu’, Bucharest, Romania
Frank M. Bengel, MD, Univ. Prof. Dr. med. Director, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
Rong Bing , MBBS
Doctor, Department of Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Sarah Blissett, MD, MHPE
Cardiologist, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada; Assistant Professor (Medicine), Western University, London, Canada; Researcher, Centre for Education Research and Innovation, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
Jan Bogaert, MD, PhD Faculty of Medicine, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Eric Brochet Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bichat, Paris, France
Peter Buser, MD Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Filippo Cademartiri, MD, PhD Chairman Prof. Dr., Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1— ASUR Marche, Urbino, PU, Italy
Alida L.P. Caforio, MD, PhD, FESC Cardiologist, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Paolo G. Camici, MD, FESC, FAHA, FACC, FRCP Professor of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Research Center, San Raffaele Hospital and Vita Salute University, Milan, Italy
Antonella Camporeale, MD, PhD Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, I.R.C.C:S., Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
Nuno Cardim, MD, PhD
Head Echo Lab, Department of Cardiology, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
Ignasi Carrió, MD, FEBNM, FESC, FRCP
Professor of Nuclear Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Director, Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Henry Chubb
Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, USA
Marie-Annick Clavel, DVM, PhD
Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Canada Research Chair on Women’s Valvular Heart Health, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, QC, Canada
Bernard Cosyns , MD, PhD, FESC, FEACVI
Cardiology Department, Centrum voor hart en vaatziekten, Universitair ziekehuis Brussel, 101 laarbeeklaan 1090 Brussels, Belgium
Nancy Côté, PhD
Institut Universitaire de cardiologie te de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
Álvaro Marco del Castillo, MD
Victoria Delgado, MD, PhD
Cardiologist, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Marcelo F. Di Carli, MD
Executive Director, Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, and Family Professor of Radiology and Medicine, Women’s Hospital, Seltzer, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Giovanni Di Salvo, MD, PhD, MSc, FESC, FEACVI, FISC
Professor and Director, Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Honorary Consultant Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
Erwan Donal, MD, PhD
Cardiology & INSERM1099, University Hospital, University Rennes-1, France
Sharmila Dorbala , MD
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Marc R. Dweck , MD, PhD
Professor, Department of BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Stephane Ederhy
Department of Cardiology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
Thor Edvardsen, MD, PhD
Professor, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Perry Elliott
Chair of Cardiovascular Medicine, University College London, London, UK
Raimund Erbel, MD, FAHA, FESC, FASE, FACC
Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Clinic, Universitat Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Arturo Evangelista , MD, FESC
Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron (VHIR), Coordinator of Valvular and Aortic Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
Francesco F. Faletra , MD
Director of Cardiac Imaging Service, Cardiocentro Ticino Lugano, Switzerland
Covadonga Fernández-Golf ín, MD
Cardiac Imaging Unit Coordinator, Cardiology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
Frank A. Flachskampf, MD, FESC, FACC Professor, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Nir Flint, MD
Attending Cardiologist, Echocardiography Lab, Division of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Albert Flotats , MD
Consultant, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Kevin Fox , MD, FRCP, FESC
Consultant Cardiologist, Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, Middlesex, UK
Mark K. Friedberg , MD Professor, The Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Alessandra Frigiola , MD, MD(res), FRCP
Consultant Cardiologist—ACHD specialist, Cardiovascular, ACHD, Guy’s & St Thomas’ Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Maurizio Galderisi, MD† Professor of Medicine, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
Alessia Gambaro, MD
Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
Madalina Garbi, MD, MA
Consultant Cardiologist, Department of Cardiology, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Paola Gargiulo, MD, PhD
Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
Bernhard Gerber, MD, PhD, FESC, FACC, FAHA
Professor of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UC Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
Tjeerd Germans , MD, PhD
Cardiologist, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Silvia Gianstefani, MD
Alessia Gimelli, MD
Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
Andreas Hagendorff, MD
Professor, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Rebecca T. Hahn, MD, FESC
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Kristina Haugaa, MD
Rocío Hinojar, MD
Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
Rainer Hoffmann, MD
Professor, Department of Cardiology, Bonifatius Hospital Lingen, Lingen, Germany
Massimo Imazio, MD, FESC
Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
Jarosław D. Kasprzak , MD, PhD Professor of Medicine, Department and Chair of Cardiology, Bieganski Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Rajdeep S. Khattar, DM, FRCP, FACC, FESC
Consultant Cardiologist and Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
Lars Gunnar Klaeboe
Allan Klein, MD, FRCP(C), FACC, FAHA, FASE
Professor of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Director, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
Juhani Knuuti, MD, PhD, FESC
Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Itzhak Kronzon, MD, FASE, FESC, FACC, FAHA, FCCP
Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hofstra University, NY, USA
Patrizio Lancellotti
Professor, Head of Department, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège Hospital, Liège, Belgium
Jonathan Leipsic, MD, FRCPC, MSCCT
Physician, Department of Imaging and Cardiology, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Riccardo Liga , MD, PhD
Cardiologist, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Massimo Lombardi, MD, FESC, PhD
Head, Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, I.R.C.C.S Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
Teresa López-Fernández , MD
Senior Consultant Cardiologist, Department of Cardiology, La PAz University Hospital, IdiPAZ Research Institue, Ciber CV, Madrid, Spain
Joseph F. Maalouf, MD, FAHA, FACC, FASE Professor of Medicine, Director of Interventional Echocardiography, Consultant in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Julien Magne, PhD Department of Cardiology, CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France
Heiko Mahrholdt
Professor Doctor, Head of Imaging, Department of Cardiology, Robert Bosch Medical Center, Stuttgart, BW, Germany
Renzo Marcolongo, MD
Senior Staff Physician, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedale Università Padova, Padova, Italy
Pál Maurovich-Horvat, MD
Priti Mehla , MD
Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
Luc Mertens , MD, PhD Professor of Paediatrics, Department of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Hector I. Michelena , MD, FACC, FASE, FESC Professor of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
James Min, MD
Mark J. Monaghan, PhD, FRCP (Hon), FACC, FESC Director of Non-Invasive Cardiology, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Juan Manuel Monteagudo, MD
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
Marie Moonen, MD, PhD
University Hospital Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Liege, Belgium
Daniel Rodríguez Muñoz , MD, PhD
Consultant, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
Denisa Muraru, MD, PhD, FESC, FACC, FASE
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of MilanoBicocca, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Eike Nagel, MD
Jagat Narula , MD, PhD, MACC
Philip J. and Harriet L. Goodhart Chair of Medicine, Professor of Medicine, Radiology and Health System Design & Global Health, Chief, Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital Morningside; Associate Dean for Global Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Executive Editor, Journal of the American College of Cardiology; Vice President Elect, World Heart Federation, New York, NY, USA
Danilo Neglia , MD
Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Via G. Moruzzi, Pisa, Italy
Stephan G. Nekolla , PhD, FESC
Adjunct Teaching Professor, Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung
e.V. Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany
David E. Newby
Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Arnold C.T. Ng
Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, South Western Sydney Clinical School, the University of New South Wales, Australia
Petros Nihoyannopoulos, MD
Robin Nijveldt, MD, PhD, FESC
Cardiologist, Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Louisa O’Neill
King’s College London, UK; Guy’s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Mark O’Neill, MD
Stefan Orwat, MD
Consultant Cardiologist, Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease Department, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
Dudley J. Pennell, MD, FRCP, FACC, FESC, FRCR, FAHA, FMedSci, FSCMR
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Pasquale Perrone-Filardi
Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunology Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
Ferande Peters, MBBCH, FCP (SA), FACC, FESC, FRCP
Senior Cardiologist, Associate Professor, Flora Hospital, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Philippe Pibarot, DVM, PhD, FESC, FACC, FAHA, FCCS
Head of Cardiology Research, Department of Cardiology, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
Silvia Pica , MD
Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, I.R.C.C:S., Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
Luc A. Pierard, MD, PhD, FESC
Honorary Professor of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
Fausto J. Pinto, MD, PhD, FESC, FACC, FASE, FSCAI
Head of Department, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Sven Plein, MD, PhD, FRCP
Professor, British Heart Foundation Professor of Cardiovascular Imaging, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Francesca R. Pluchinotta , MD
Consultant of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
Gianluca Pontone, MD, PhD
Director, Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Bogdan A. Popescu, MD, PhD, FESC, FACC
Professor of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’—Euroecolab, Head of Cardiology Department, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases ‘Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu’, Bucharest, Romania
Sanjay Prasad, MD
Susanna Price, MD, PhD
Professor of Cardiology and Intensive Care, Adult Intensive Care Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
Kuberan Pushparajah, MD
Ronak Rajani, BM, DM, FRCP, FESC, FSCCT, FACC
Department of Cardiology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Reza Razavi, MD
Ornella Rimoldi, MD
IBFM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate, Italy
Jose F. Rodriguez-Palomares , MD, PhD
Director of Cardiovascular Imaging Department, Department of Cardiology, Vall Hebrón Hospital, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Lawrence Rudski, MD, FRCPC
Director, Azrieli Heart Center, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Elif Leyla Sade, MD
Professor of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
Ciro Santoro, MD
Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, Federico II, University Hospital, Naples, Italy
Antti Saraste, MD, PhD, FESC
Professor, Chief Cardiologist, Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
Muhamed Saric, MD, PhD
Director, Noninvasive Cardiology, Professor of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
Aldo L. Schenone, MD
Chief Cardiovascular Imaging Fellow
Section of Non Invasive Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Juerg Schwitter, MD
Full Professor, Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital Lausanne, CHUV, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland
Udo Sechtem, MD
Associate Professor of Cardiology, Cardiologicum and RobertBosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
Joseph B. Selvanayagam, MD, PhD
Professor in Cardiovascular Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
Roxy Senior, MD, DM, FRCP, FACC, FESC
Consultant Cardiologist and Professor of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
Rosa Sicari, MD, PhD
Research Director, Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, PI, Italy
Robert J. Siegel, MD, FACC
Kennamer Chair in Cardiac Ultrasound, Medical Director, Clinic for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Aortopathies; Director, Cardiac Noninvasive Laboratory; Professor of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and UCLA School of Medicine, CA, USA
Iain Sim, MD
Clinical Research Fellow in Cardiology, King’s College London, UK
Marta Sitges , MD, PhD
Director, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, Professor of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Lindsay A. Smith
University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
James Stirrup, DLM, MD(Res), FSCCT, FRCP
Consultant Cardiologist, Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Stephan Stobe, MD
Rolf Symons , MD, PhD
Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Ewa Szymczyk, MD
Bhupendar Tayal, MD
Upasana Tayal, MD
Gisela Teixidó-Turà , MD, PhD, FESC
Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, CIBER-CV, Barcelona, Spain
Alexandra Toste, MD
Hospital da Luz, Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases & Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Affiliated Professor at NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
Richard Underwood, MA, DM, FRCP, FRCR Emeritus Professor of Cardiac Imaging, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
Philippe Unger, MD, PhD
Head of Department, Department of Cardiology, CHU SaintPierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Albert C. van Rossum, MD, PhD Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Jens-Uwe Voigt, MD, PhD, FESC
Head of Echocardiography, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
John Whitaker
Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College, London, UK
Steven Williams
Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College, London, UK
Jeremy Wright, MBBS, FRACP
Cardiologist, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
Nina C. Wunderlich, MD
Head of Noninvasive Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Hessen, Germany
Kyriakos Yiangou, MD, MSc, FESC, FACC, FEACVI
Cardiologist, President Cyprus Society of Cardiology
Ali Yilmaz , MD
Department of Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, University Hospital Münster, Germany
José Luis Zamorano, MD, PhD
Head of Cardiology, University Hospital Ramon y Canal, Madrid, Spain
