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The Confusion Test in European Trade Mark Law

The Confusion Test in European Trade Mark Law

3

Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries

© Ilanah Fhima and Dev S. Gangjee 2019

The moral rights of the authors have been asserted

First Edition published in 2019

Impression: 1

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above

You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Crown copyright material is reproduced under Class Licence Number C01P0000148 with the permission of OPSI and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland

Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available

Library of Congress Control Number: 2019946265

ISBN 978–0–19–967433–6

Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY

Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work.

The Confusion Test in European Trade Mark Law

Ilanah Fhima and Dev S. Gangjee

Print publication date: 2019

Print ISBN-13: 9780199674336

Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: March 2021

DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780199674336.001.0001

(p.v) Acknowledgements

Dev writes:

This book would not have been completed without drawing upon the vast reservoirs of patience of my co-author Ilanah and that of our publisher OUP. I am profoundly grateful to both of them. Conversations with Ilanah about confusion doctrine have challenged some of my own biases and predispositions, revealed blind spots, and led to much more rigorous thinking. I am additionally indebted to the scholarly community that attends the annual Trade Mark Scholars Roundtable. Graeme Dinwoodie and Mark Janis have created and curated a wonderfully generative intellectual ecosystem. The range, pace, and quality of those conversations remind me of why I love what I do. Finally, it’s time to demonstrate my gratitude to Adil, Iman, and Nikita, by spending less time working on books and more time living a little on the weekends.

Ilanah writes:

My thanks to OUP for their support and willingness to include an unconscionably large number of images in this work. While I know that this is every publisher’s nightmare, their willingness to accommodate these images makes many of the points far easier to write about, and (I hope) much easier to understand. I am lucky to have been part of University College London’s Faculty of Law while researching and writing. It is a privilege to be based in such a supportive and collegiate institution. Particular thanks to Robin Jacob, Matt Fisher, and Daniela Simone. Dev has been generous with his ideas on both this project and many others. There can be no likelihood of confusion about my appreciation and love for Shimon and Alexander, Netanel, Chani, and Racheli—definitely far from average consumers.

Acknowledgements

Finally, we would both like to offer abundant thanks to Lynne Chave, whose keen eye, good judgment, and encyclopaedic knowledge of trade mark law (and fourfingered chocolate bars) has made this a far better book. (p.vi)

List of Abbreviations

CFI Court of First Instance

CJEU Court of Justice of the European Union

CSOH Court of Sessions Outer House

CTM Community Trade Mark

EUIPO European Union Intellectual Property Office (formerly OHIM)

EUTM EU trade mark

EUTMR EU Trade Mark Regulation

EWCA Court of Appeal of England and Wales

EWHC High Court of Justice of England and Wales

EWPCC Patents County Court of England and Wales (now IPEC)

FCAFC Federal Court of Australia Full Court

GC General Court

HL House of Lords

IEHC High Court of Justice, Ireland

IIC International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law (formerly International Review of Industrial Property and Copyright Law)

INTA International Trademark Association

IPEC Intellectual Property Enterprise Court

MCAD Misleading and Comparative Advertising Directive

NICA Court of Appeal of Northern Ireland

OD Opposition Division

OHIM Office of Harmonisation for the Internal Market (now EUIPO)

RCD Registered Community Design

TMD Trade Marks Directive

TMDN Trade Mark and Design Network

UCPD Unfair Commercial Practices Directive

UKIPO UK Intellectual Property Office

UKSC UK Supreme Court

UKTM UK trade mark

USPTO United States Patent and Trademark Office

WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization

Relative grounds for refusal

Directive 89/104/ EEC ‘TMD 1988’

Table of Equivalences

Directive 2008/95/ EC ‘TMD 2008’

Directive (EU) 2015/ 2436 ‘Recast

Directive’ or ‘TMD 2015’

Regulation (EC) 40/94 ‘CTMR 1994’

Regulation (EC) 207/ 2009 ‘CTMR 2009’

Regulation (EU) 2017/ 1001 ‘EUTMR’

UK Trade Marks Act 1994 ‘UK TMA’

Table of Cases

CJEU

Case C-9/93 IHT Internationale Heiztechnik GmbH and Uwe Danzinger v Ideal-Standard GmbH and Wabco Standard GmbH EU:C:1994:261 165n19

Case C-251/95 SABEL BV v Puma AG, Rudolf Dassler Sport (CJEU) EU:C:1997:528 2n7, 5n25, 6–7, 6n30, 8n43, 17, 17n2, 32n111, 65n322, 66, 67n8, 68, 68n10, 87–88, 88n79, 134n1, 135, 135n4, 135n8, 147n71, 157, 157n140, 160n1, 161, 161n5, 164, 164n15, 164n16, 164n17, 166n23, 181n107, 198n208, 246n66

Case C-210/96 Gut Springenheide GmbH v Oberkreisdirektor des Kreises Steinfurt

EU:C:1998:369

172n55, 186n141, 215n50

Case C-39/97 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha v Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc. (CJEU)

EU:C:1998:442 . . . . . .

. 5n21, 6, 6n27, 7, 9, 10, 10n46, 17n10, 104n2, 106, 106n10, 107n15, 114, 124, 124n141, 125n154, 127, 133, 136, 136n11, 136n12, 137n13, 147n71, 147n73, 157n141, 160n4, 162–63, 162n7, 183n119, 198n208

Case C-39/97 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha v Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc. (AGO)

EU:C:1998:159

106n12, 107n15

Case C-108/97 Windsurfing Chiemsee Produktions-und Vertriebs GmbH (WSC) v Boots-und Segelzubehör Walter Huber and Franz Attenberger EU:C:1999:230 139–40, 140n30, 147

Case C-342/97 Lloyd Schuhfabrik Meyer & Co GmbH v Klijsen Handel BV (CJEU)

EU:C:1999:323 17, 17n5, 19, 68n10, 137, 137n16, 139–40, 140n29, 140n31, 141–42, 141n38, 147, 147n69, 147n70, 147n72, 148, 172n55, 178n88, 198n208

Case C-342/97 Lloyd Schuhfabrik Meyer & Co GmbH v Klijsen Handel BV (AGO)

EU:C:1998:522 184n122

Case C-425/98 Marca Mode CV v Adidas AG (CJEU) EU:C:2000:339 7n32, 137, 137n17, 147n71, 147n73, 183, 183n117, 225, 225n102

Case C-425/98 Marca Mode CV v Adidas AG (AGO) EU:C:2000:56 . . . . 183n119, 184n123, 225n103

Case C-291/00 LTJ Diffusion SA v Sadas Vertbaudet SA EU:C:2003:169

Case C-292/00 Davidoff & Cie SA and Zino Davidoff SA v Gofkid Ltd EU:C:2003:9

Joined Cases C-53/01 to C-55/01 Linde AG, Windward Industries and Rado Uhren AG EU:C:2003:206

Case C-104/01 Libertel Groep BV v Benelux-Merkenbureau (AGO) EU:C:2002:650 [2003] ECR I-3793 .

Case C-191/01 P Wrigley v OHIM EU:C:2003:579

Case C-206/01 Arsenal Football Club v Reed EU:C:2002:651

3n11, 17n1

3n10

146n61

233n10, 234, 234n16, 241n49

42n180

2n6, 3n9, 193n189, 219n72, 226–28, 226n111, 237n32

Case C-408/01 Adidas v Fitnessworld (AGO) EU:C:2003:404, [2003] ECR I-12537 17n3, 246n67

Case C-136/02 P Mag Instrument Inc. v OHIM EU:C:2004:592 241n49

Case C-245/02 Anheuser-Busch Inc. v Budĕjovický Budvar np EU:C:2004:717 3n9, 190n168, 227, 227n114, 228

Case C-404/02 Nichols v Registrar of Trade Marks EU:C:2004:538 144, 144n50

Case C-3/03 P Matratzen Concord v OHIM EU:C:2004:233 69n12

Case C-106/03 Vedial v OHIM EU:C:2004:611 163n8

Case C-228/03 The Gillette Company and Gillette Group Finland Oy v LA-Laboratories Ltd Oy EU:C:2005:177 .

Case C-353/03 Societe des Produits Nestle SA v Mars UK Ltd EU:C:2005:432

Case C-120/04 Medion AG v Thomson multimedia Sales Germany & Austria GmbH EU:C:2005:594

12–13

67n5

67n2, 70, 70n14, 74, 74n36, 99, 100–1, 155–56, 156n134

Case C-206/04 P Mülhens v OHIM EU:C:2006:194

Case C-361/04 P Ruiz-Picasso v OHIM (CJEU) EU:C:2006:25 .

19n14, 47n202

46n199, 62–63, 62n305, 154n123, 154n126, 210–11, 211n28, 218, 218n68, 219–20, 227, 227n116, 228n118, 229n124

xiv Table of Cases

Case C-361/04 P Ruiz-Picasso v OHIM (AGO) EU:C:2005:531 . .

Case C-416/04 P Sunrider v OHIM EU:C:2006:310 .

Case C-24/05 P August Storck v OHIM EU:C:2006:421 . .

218n70

108n21

218n67

Case C-48/05 Adam Opel AG v Autec AG EU:C:2007:55 3n9

Case C-145/05 Levi Strauss & Co. v Casucci SpA EU:C:2006:264 156n137

Case C-214/05 P Rossi v OHIM EU:C:2006:494 117n89, 117n90, 117–18, 118n95, 121, 121n117, 122n129

Case C-235/05 P L’Oréal v OHIM EU:C:2006:271 73n31, 143n46, 143n48, 157n147, 162n7, 198n209, 199n214

Case C-334/05 P OHIM v Shaker EU:C:2007:333 71, 71n19, 74, 74n37

Case C-412/05 P Alcon Inc v OHIM (CJEU) EU:C:2007:252 170n46, 176n74, 179n94, 182n109, 219n73

Case C-412/05 P Alcon Inc v OHIM (AGO) EU:C:2006:687 219n73, 219n74

Case C-16/06 P Les Éditions Albert René Sarl v OHIM EU:C:2008:739 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23n49, 46n200

Case C-17/06 Céline SARL v Céline SA EU:C:2007:497 . . .

Case C-171/06 P T.I.M.E. ART v OHIM EU:C:2007:171. . . . .

10, 10n50

48n216, 129–30, 130n195, 143, 143n45, 157n145, 190n166, 198n210

Case C-193/06 P Nestlé v OHIM EU:C:2007:539 . . . . .

Case C-196/06 P Alecansan v OHIM EU:C:2007:159 .

Case C-234/06 P Il Ponte Finanzaria v OHIM EU:C:2007:514 .

Case C-488/06 P L&D v OHIM EU:C:2008:420 .

74n36

120n112

163n8, 165n21, 194, 194n192

.80n52, 80n53

Case C-533/06 O2 Holdings Ltd v Hutchison 3G UK Ltd EU:C:2008:339 188n156, 189n159, 190n168, 209, 209n18

Case C-102/07 Adidas AG v Marca Mode (CJEU) EU:C:2008:217 30n92, 163n13

Case C-252/07 Intel Corp Inc v CPM United Kingdom Ltd EU:C:2008:655 221n84, 221n85

Case C-398/07 P Waterford Wedgwood v Assembled Investments (Proprietary) and OHIM EU:C:2009:288 119n108

Case C-487/07 L’Oréal SA v Bellure NV EU:C:2009:378 3n9, 4n20

Case C-495/07 Silberquelle GmbH v Maselli Strickmode GmbH (AGO) EU:C:2008:633 219n75

Case C-498/07 P Aceites del Sur-Coosur SA v Koipe Corporación SL, OHIM EU:C:2009:503 .

179n90, 185n133, 218n63

Joined Cases C-236/08, 238/08 & C-237/08 Google France Sarl v Louis Vuitton Malletier (CJEU) EU:C:2010:159

3n9, 4n14, 6, 6n28, 181n105, 209–11, 210n22, 211n26, 213, 224n100

Joined Cases C-236/08 to C-238/08, Google France SARL v Louis Vuitton Malletier SA (AGO) EU:C:2009:569

Case C-278/08 Die BergSpechte Outdoor Reisen und Alpinschule Edi Koblmüller GmbH v Günther Guni and trekking.at Reisen GmbH EU:C:2010:163 .

216n56

. . . . . 3n9, 6, 6n29, 25–26, 26n77, 209–11, 209n20, 210n24, 213, 224n100

Case C-558/08 Portakabin Ltd v Primakabin BV EU:C:2010:416

210–11, 211n27, 213

Case C-23/09 ecoblue AG v OHIM EU:C:2010:35 78n44

Case C-48/09 P Lego Juris v OHIM EU:C:2010:516 14, 14n66, 234n19

Case C-51/09 P Becker v Harman International Industries EU:C:2010:368 67n4, 72n23, 102, 102n152

Case C-159/09 Lidl SNC v Vierzon Distribution SA (CJEU) EU:C:2010:696 222n87

Case C-159/09 Lidl SNC v Vierzon Distribution SA (AGO) EU:C:2010:499 222n87

Case C-254/09 P Calvin Klein Trademark Trust v OHIM, Zafra Marroquineros SL EU:C:2010:488 163n9

Case C-323/09 Interflora Inc and another v Marks and Spencer plc EU:C:2011:604 3n9

Case C-353/09 P Perfetti Van Melle v OHIM EU:C:2011:73

72, 72n26

Case C-482/09 Budějovicky Budvar, národní podnik, v Anheuser-Busch Inc, EU:C:2011:605 . . . . . 185n133

Case C-552/09 P Ferrero SpA v OHIM EU:C:2011:177

Case C-46/10 Viking Gas A/S v Kosan Gas A/S, previously BP Gas A/S (CJEU) EU:C:2011:485

Case C-46/10 Viking Gas A/S v Kosan Gas A/S, previously BP Gas A/S (AGO) EU:C:2011:222

.18n12, 163n9

194n190

194n190

Case C-119/10 Frisdranken Industrie Winters BV v Red Bull GmbH (AGO) ECLI:EU:C:2011:258 4n15

Table of Cases xv

Case C-216/10 P Lufthansa AirPlus Servicekarten v OHIM EU:C:2010:719 . . . . . . . . 31n103, 39n167

Case C 307/10 Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys v Registrar of Trade Marks EU:C:2012:361 . . .

188n157

Case C-317/10 P Union Investment Privatfonds v UniCredito Italiano EU:C:2011:405 22n46, 195n196

Case C-370/10 P Ravensburger v OHIM EU:C:2011:149 96n121

Case C-388/10 P Muñoz Arraiza v OHIM EU:C:2011:185 126n163

Case C-532/10 P adp Gauselmann v OHIM EU:C:2011:433 31n104, 47n201, 101n147, 178n83

Case C-196/11 P Formula One Licensing v OHIM EU:C:2012:314 140n32, 202n228

Case C-198/11 P Lan Airlines v OHIM EU:C:2012:289 46n196

Case C-327/11 P United States Polo Association v OHIM EU:C:2012:550 21–22n36, 41, 48n222

Case C-354/11 P Maurice Emram v OHIM, Guccio Gucci SpA, EU:C:2012:167 190n167

Case C-406/11 P Atlas v OHIM EU:C:2012:136 106n8, 109n31, 118n99

Case C-655/11 P Seven for all mankind v Seven EU:C:2013:94 .

Case C-12/12 Colloseum Holding AG v Levi Strauss & Co EU:C:2013:253

Case C-42/12 P Hrbek v OHIM EU:C:2012:765 .

Case C-252/12 Specsavers International Healthcare Ltd v Asda Stores Ltd EU:C:2013:497 . .

146n65

67n6

157n145

130n198, 155, 155n132, 189n162, 189–90n164

Case C-268/12 P Cadila Healthcare v OHMI EU:C:2013:296. . .

125n148, 127n174, 186n139

Case C-281/12 Trento Sviluppo srl, Centrale Adriatica Soc. coop. arl v Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato EU:C:2013:859 .

228n122

Case C-422/12 P Industrias Alen v The Clorox Company EU:C:2014:57 20n21

Case C-558/12 P OHIM v riha WeserGold Getranke GmbH EU:C:2014:22 163n8

Case C-591/12 P Bimbo v OHIM EU:C:2014:305 67n3, 72, 72n28, 90n97, 142n42

Case C-597/12 P Isdin v Bial-Portela EU:C:2013:672 106n9

Case C-205/13 Hauck GmbH v Stokke (AGO) EU:C:2014:322 233n11

Joined Cases C-581/13 P and C-582/13 P Intra-Presse SAS v OHIM, Golden Balls Ltd EU:C:2014:2387 60n297, 177n81

Case C-670/13 P The Cartoon Network Inc v OHIM, Boomerang TV SA EU:C:2014:2024 171n53, 185n132

C-20/14 BGW Marketing - & Management- Service GmbH v Bodo Scholz EU:C:2015:714 . . . . . 64n314

Case C-142/14 P Sunrider v OHIM EU:C:2015:371 .

Case C-270/14 P Debonair Trading Internacional v OHIM EU:C:2015:688

Case C-579/14 P Junited Autoglas Deutschland v OHMI EU:C:2015:374

Case C-603/14 P El Corte Inglés v OHIM EU:C:2015:807

Case C-43/15 P BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH v EUIPO, LG Electronics Inc EU:C:2016:837 .

Case C-190/15 P Fetim v OHIM EU:C:2015:778

113n60, 113n65

29, 195n198

59n285

18n12, 60n298

198n212

157n142, 198n211

Case C-223/15 Combit Software GmbH v Commit Business Solutions Ltd EU:C:2016:719. . . . . .178n87

Case C-278/15 P Royal County of Berkshire Polo Club v OHIM EU:C:2016:20 21–22n36

Case C-562/15 Carrefour Hypermarchés SAS v ITM Alimentaire International SASU (CJEU) EU:C:2017:95 222, 222n88, 222n90

Case C-562/15 Carrefour Hypermarchés SAS v ITM Alimentaire International SASU (AGO) EU:C:2016:781 222n90

Case C-84/16 P Continental Reifen Deutschland v Compagnie générale des établissements Michelin and EUIPO EU:C:2017:596 65n316, 65n318

Case C-93/16 Ornua Co-operative Limited v Tindale & Stanton Ltd España, SL EU:C:2017:571 185n133

Case C-163/16 Christian Louboutin SAS v Van Haren Schoenen BV EU:C:2018:423 . . . . . . . 254n110

Case C-361/16 P Franmax v EUIPO EU:C:2016:834

Case C 395/16 DOCERAM GmbH v CeramTec GmbH EU:C:2018:172

Case C-402/16 P Market Watch v EUIPO EU:C:2016:924 .

Case C-437/16 P Wolf Oil v EUIPO EU:C:2017:737

Case C-224/17 P Hernández Zamora v EUIPO and Rosen Tantau EU:C:2017:791

49n233, 55n260

234n19

36n150

47n207

104n2

Case C-726/17 P Tetra Pharm (1997) Ltd v EUIPO, Sebapharma GmbH EU:C:2018:561 .

Case C-371/18 [2018] OJ C 276 (6 Aug 2018) . . .

177n81

171n51

Case C-449/18 P [2018] OJ C 392/3 (29 Oct 2018) 169n40

GENERAL COURT

Case T-6/01 Matratzen Concord v OHMI EU:T:2002:261 69, 69n11, 69n13, 71, 73, 73n34, 77, 93n112, 94

Case T-99/01 Mystery Drinks GmbH v OHIM EU:T:2003:7 .

Case T-104/01 Oberhauser v OHIM EU:T:2002:262 .

Case T-129/01 José Alejandro v OHIM EU:T:2003:184 .

Case T-292/01 Phillips Van Heusen Corp v OHIM EU:T:2003:264

Case T-317/01 M+M v OHMI EU:T:2004:195 . . . . . . . .

Case T-115/02 AVEX v OHIM EU:T:2004:234 .

Case T-183/02 El Corte Inglés v OHMI (MUNICOR) EU:T:2004:79

19–20, 20n16

. 84–85, 84n64, 84n66, 105n4

49n229, 86n76

47n203

106n8

95n117

32n112, 47n211

Case T-185/02 Ruiz-Picasso v OHMI EU:T:2004:189 154n122

Case T-186/02 BMI Bertollo v OHIM EU:T:2004:197 143n43

Case T-194/03 Il Ponte Finanziaria v OHMI EU:T:2006:65 22n46, 22n48, 165n21, 195n195

Case T-286/02 Oriental Kitchen v OHMI EU:T:2003:311 74n38, 77n40

Case T-356/02 Vitakraft-Werke Wührmann v OHIM EU:T:2004:292 91n105, 93n111

Case T-359/02 Chum v OHIM EU:T:2005:156 85n70, 86n74

Case T-112/03 L’Oréal v OHIM EU:T:2005:102 143n46, 157n145

Case T-117/03 New Look v OHIM EU:T:2004:293 27, 86n76, 89n88

Case T-126/03 Reckitt Benckiser (España), SL v OHIM EU:T:2005:288 111n43, 154n128, 171n54

Case T-153/03 Inex v OHIM EU:T:2006:157 95n117

Case T-169/03 Sergio Rossi v OHMI EU:T:2005:72

Case T-312/03 Wassen International v OHMI EU:T:2005:289

117, 117n89, 122n129, 129, 129n193

78n46

Case T-385/03 Miles Handelsgesellschaft International mbH v OHIM EU:T:2005:276. . . . . 49n228, 89n87

Case T-389/03 Dainichiseika Colour & Chemicals Mfg Co Ltd v OHMI EU:T:2008:114

30, 30n94, 52n250

Case T-418/03 La Mer Technology Inc v OHIM EU:T:2007:299 . . . . .111n44, 115n74, 125n149, 128n179

Case T-3/04 Simonds Farsons Cisk v OHMI EU:T:2005:418

Case T-7/04 Shaker v OHMI EU:T:2008:481 .

.80n52, 81n56

157n147

Case T-29/04 Castellblanch SA v OHIM EU:T:2005:438 132n208

Case T-34/04 Plus v OHMI EU:T:2005:248 50n240

Case T-150/04 Mülhens v OHMI EU:T:2007:214 122n130

Case T 202/04 Madaus v OHIM, Optima Healthcare ECLI:EU:T:2006:106 182n111

Case T-256/04 Mundipharma v OHMI EU:T:2007:46 47n213, 183n115

Case T-333/04 House of Donuts v OHMI EU:T:2007:105 58n277, 77n41

Case T-346/04 Sadas SA v OHIM, LTJ Diffusion EU:T:2005:420 184n126

Joined Cases T-350/04 to T-352/04 Bitburger Brauerei v OHIM EU:T:2006:330 20n17

Case T-363/04 Koipe Corporación SL v OHIM, Aceites del Sur SA EU:T:2007:264 179n90

Case T-88/05 Quelle AG v OHMI EU:T:2007:45

Case T-105/05 Assembled Investments (Proprietary) v OHMI EU:T:2007:170

Case T-133/05 Meric v OHMI EU:T:2006:247

Case T-328/05 Apple Computer v OHIM, TKS-Teknosoft EU:T:2008:238

19n15, 22n45, 26

119n108

90n89

171n53

Case T-443/05 El Corte Inglés SA v OHIM EU:T:2007:219 . . . . 109n30, 121n125, 122n132, 124n142

Case T-48/06 Astex Therapeutics Ltd v OHIM EU:T:2008:329 . . .112n55, 114n68, 119n104, 182n111

Case T-112/06 Inter-Ikea v OHMI EU:T:2008:10

Case T-116/06 Oakley v OHMI EU:T:2008:399 .

Case T-134/06 Xentral LLC v OHIM EU:T:2007:387. .

47n204, 81n54

120, 120n114

. .95n118, 143n46, 157n146, 199n215

Case T-149/06 Castellani SpA v OHIM EU:T:2007:350 21n33

Case T-175/06 Coca-Cola v OHMI EU:T:2008:212 108n24, 109n29, 119n107, 127n171

Case T-205/06 NewSoft Technology v OHMI EU:T:2008:163 78n46

Case T-221/06 Hipp & Co KG v OHIM EU:T:2009:330 31n101, 31n102, 47n212, 157n142

Case T-228/06 Giorgio Beverly Hills v OHMI EU:T:2008:558 90n95

Case T-246/06 Redcats v OHMI EU:T:2008:141 48n217

Case T-303/06 UniCredito Italiano v OHMI EU:T:2010:160 22n46, 195n196

Case T-303/06 RENV UniCredito v OHMI EU:T:2014:988 22n46, 195n197

Case T-340/06 Stradivarius Espana SA v OHIM EU:T:2008:241 61n302

Case T-363/06 Honda Motor Europe Ltd v OHIM EU:T:2008:319 . . . . . . . 65n315, 130n195, 157n142

Case T 95/07 Aventis Pharma v OHIM, Nycomed EU:T:2008:455 . . .

Case T-106/07 Alcon v OHMI EU:T:2008:340 . . . . . .

Case T-109/07 L’Oréal SA v OHIM, Spa Monopole EU:T:2009:81 . .

Table of Cases xvii

182n113

183n115

166n26

Case T-118/07 PPTV v OHIM EU:T:2011:58 76, 94n115, 106n8, 123n134

Case T-290/07 MIP Metro Group Intellectual Property GmbH & Co KG v OHIM

EU:T:2008:562 83n61

Case T-316/07 Commercy v OHMI EU:T:2009:14 116n81, 117n88, 123n133

Case T-321/07 Lufthansa AirPlus Servicekarten v OHIM EU:T:2010:64 31n103

Case T-357/07 Focus Magazin Verlag v OHMI EU:T:2008:581 92n106

Case T-366/07 Procter & Gamble v OHMI EU:T:2010:394 90n90

Case T-386/07 Peek & Clopenburg v OHIM EU:T:2009:420 25n75

Case T-413/07 Bayerische Gesellschaft fur Innovation und Wissenstransfer mbH v OHIM EU:T:2009:34 27n81

Case T-435/07 New Look v OHIM EU:T:2008:534 .

Case T-486/07 Ford Motor Company v OHIM EU:T:2011:104

Case T-502/07 Intersport International Corp. GmbH v OHIM EU:T:2011:223. .

Case T-5/08 Nestle v OHIM EU:T:2010:123

Case T-24/08 Weldebräu v OHIM EU:T:2010:71 .

Case T-33/08 Bastos Viegas v OHIM EU:T:2009:197 .

Case T-80/08 CureVac GmbH v OHIM EU:T:2009:416

Case T-84/08 Intesa Sanpaolo SpA v OHIM EU:T:2011:144. .

178n86

179n92, 220n80

21n32, 62n303

37n159, 38

145, 145n59, 235, 235n20, 246n68

132n207

21n30

. 24n56, 31n105, 32n110, 85n72

Case T-148/08 Beifa Group Co. Ltd v OHMI EU:T:2010:190 63, 235–36n22

Case T-149/08 Abbott Laboratories v OHIM, aRigen Inc, EU:T:2010:398 183n116

Case T-162/08 Frag Comercio Internacional v OHMI EU:T:2009:432 74, 95n120

Case T-201/08 Market Watch v OHMI EU:T:2010:408 23n55, 35n143

Case T-243/08 Ravensburger v OHIM EU:T:2010:210 96n121

Case T-260/08 Indo Internacional v OHMI EU:T:2012:23 25n70, 33n126, 59n281

Case T-277/08 Bayer Healthcare v OHIM EU:T:2009:433 128n175

Case T-288/08 Cadila Healthcare v OHMI EU:T:2012:124 125n148

Case T-292/08 Inditex v OHIM EU:T:2010:399 31n102, 36n145

Case T-331/08 REWE-Zentral v OHIM EU:T:2010:23

Case T-361/08 Peek & Cloppenberg and van Graaf v OHIM EU:T:2010:152

Case T-364/08 2nine v OHIM EU:T:2010:115

Case T-407/08 MIP Metro v OHIM EU:T:2010:256

Case T-466/08 Lancome Parfums et Beaute & Cie v OHIM EU:T:2011:182

Case T-472/08 Companhia Muller de Bebdias v OHIM EU:T:2010:347

Case T-477/08 Mundipharm v OHIM EU:T:2010:72

.23n54, 25n76

. 32n107, 37, 37n158, 40n170, 47n210

121n119, 124n142

157n142

21n35, 25n72, 50n241

20n17, 49n235, 65n320, 97n127

21n26, 123n135

Case T-483/08 Giordano Enterprises Ltd v OHMI EU:T:2009:515 117n91, 121n120, 122, 122n131

Case T-487/08 Kureha Corp v OHIM EU:T:2010:237 20n19

Case T-488/08 Galileo International Technology LLC v OHIM EU:T:2011:574 41n174

Case T-490/08 CM Capital Markets v OHMI EU:T:2010:250 88, 88n80, 88n83

Case T-501/08 NEC Display Solutions Europe v OHIM EU:T:2011:527 39n169, 40–41, 57n268, 118n96, 157n142

Case T-557/08 mPAY24 v OHIM EU:T:2010:287 157n142

Case T-580/08 PJ Hungary v OHIM EU:T:2011:227 21n27, 33n123, 151n101, 153n112

Case T-10/09 Formula One Licensing v OHMI EU:T:2014:1061 34n129

Case T-30/09 Engelhorn v OHIM EU:T:2010:298

Case T-41/09 Hipp v OHIM EU:T:2012:163 .

Case T-76/09 Mundipharma v OHMI EU:T:2011:298 .

Case T-106/09 adp Gauselmann v OHMI EU:T:2010:380

Case T-129/09 Bongrain v OHIM EU:T:2011:193

Case T-131/09 Farmeco v OHMI EU:T:2010:458

Case T-138/09 Munoz Arraiza v OHMI EU:T:2010:226

Case T-189/09 Poloplast v OHIM EU:T:2011:611

27n79, 67n7, 144n51

33n119, 146n67

120n113

31n104, 36n156, 101n147

115n77, 126n164, 126n168

74, 85n70, 85n71

126n163

65n315

Case T-194/09 Lan Airlines v OHIM EU:T:2011:34 46n196

xviii Table of Cases

Case T-203/09 Olymp Bezner GmbH & Co. KG v OHIM EU:T:2011:195 . . . . . . . . . . . 40n170, 85n73

Case T-209/09 Alder Capital Ltd v OHIM EU:T:2011:169 . . . .

. 22n39, 36n151

Case T 220/09 Ergo Versicherungsgruppe v OHIM, Société de développement et de recherche industrielle EU:T:2011:392 176n75

Case T-228/09 United States Polo Association v OHMI EU:T:2011:170 21–22n36

Case T-244/09 Accenture Global Services v OHIM EU:T:2010:430 157n144

Case T-274/09 Deutsche Bahn v OHMI EU:T:2011:451 30n99, 64n312, 148n76, 150n89, 150n93, 153n114, 157n142

Case T-276/09 Kavaklidere-Europe v OHMI EU:T:2012:313 36n147, 108n22

Case T-301/09 IG Communications Ltd v OHIM EU:T:2012:473 24n65

Case T-307/09 Earle Beauty v OHIM EU:T:2010:509 178n86

Case T-344/09 Hearst Communications v OHMI EU:T:2012:324 45n195, 46n198, 47n205

Case T-365/09 Michalakopoulou Ktimatiki Touristiki AE v OHIM EU:T:2010:455 111n47

Case T-376/09 Glenton España v OHMI EU:T:2011:225

Case T-385/09 Annco Inc v OHIM EU:T:2011:49

38–39, 38n161, 49n223

Case T-415/09 New Yorker SHK Jeans GmbH & Co KG v OHIM EU:T:2011:550.

Case T-425/09 Honda Motor v OHMI EU:T:2011:576

Case T-437/09 Oyster Cosmetics SpA v OHIM EU:T:2011:23

Case T-39/10 El Corte Inglés SA v OHIM EU:T:2012:502

Case T-60/10 Jackson International v OHMI EU:T:2012:348

Case T-74/10 Flaco-Geräte GmbH v OHIM EU:T:2011:207

58n272, 101n142

58n280

128n176, 142n42, 143n49

21n25

122n126

78n45

218n66

Case T-77/10 Certmedica International v OHMI EU:T:2012:95 24n58, 34n137, 112n56, 114n73

Case T-88/10 Inter IKEA Systems v OHMI EU:T:2011:368 25n75, 40–41, 40n172

Case T-107/10 Procter & Gamble Manufacturing Cologne v OHMI EU:T:2011:551 34n135, 34n139

Case T-150/10 Telefónica O2 Germany v OHMI EU:T:2011:552 119n102, 125n152, 128n185

Case T-157/10 Barilla v OHIM EU:T:2012:148 36n152, 143n47, 157n142, 158n151

Case T-161/10 Longevity Health Products v OHMI EU:T:2011:244 24n61, 33n120, 109n34, 112n51, 115n75, 125n147, 132n207

Case T-204/10 Lancôme v OHMI EU:T:2012:523 146n64

Case T-216/10 Monster Cable Products v OHMI EU:T:2011:691 48n215

Case T-238/10 Stephanie Scatizza v OHIM EU:T:2011:613

Case T-244/10 Tsakiris-Mallas v OHMI EU:T:2012:219

Case T-273/10 Olive Line International v OHMI EU:T:2012:246

Case T-304/10 dm-drogerie markt v OHMI EU:T:2011:602

Case T-342/10 Hartmann v OHMI EU:T:2012:290

Case T-356/10 Nike International v OHMI EU:T:2011:543

Case T-357/10 Kraft Foods Schweiz v OHMI EU:T:2012:312.

Case T-377/10 Preparados Alimenticios v OHMI EU:T:2013:600

39n165

39n164, 49n227, 89n86, 97n126, 144n54, 157n142

52n250, 88n81, 157n142

31n100, 39n168

24n59, 36n146, 111n41, 119n105

33n124

34n139, 59n283, 76, 84n67

39n166, 84n67, 150n86, 152n104, 152n108

Case T-424/10 Dosenbach-Ochsner v OHMI EU:T:2012:58 28, 28n85, 29n90, 30, 54n257, 55

Case T-444/10 ESGE v OHMI EU:T:2013:89 45n194

Case T-483/10 The Pukka Luggage v OHMI EU:T:2011:692 108n28, 128n178

Case T-500/10 Dorma v OHIM EU:T:2011:679 19n14

Case T-517/10 Pharmazeutische Fabrik Evers v OHMI EU:T:2012:372 39n168, 40–41, 40n171, 59n291, 60n300

Case T-519/10 Seikoh Giken v OHMI EU:T:2012:291 35n141, 48n219

Case T-522/10 Hell Energy Magyarország v OHMI EU:T:2012:9 25n75, 32n114

Case T-549/10 Natura Selection v OHMI EU:T:2014:949

Case T-569/10 Bimbo v OHMI EU:T:2012:535

Case T-584/10 Yilmaz v OHMI EU:T:2012:518

Case T-585/10 Aitic Penteo v OHMI EU:T:2012:251

Case T-586/10 Aktieselskabet af 21. november 2001 v OHMI EU:T:2011:722

120n114

142n42

.108n23, 114n67, 119n107, 126n160

22n40, 130n195

63n310, 115n77, 154n127

Case T-66/11 Present-Service Ullrich GmbH & Co. KG v OHIM EU:T:2013:48

. 25n76, 36n155, 39n168, 59n288

Case T-89/11 Nanu-Nana Joachim Hoepp v OHMI EU:T:2015:479 118n97, 120n114

Table of Cases xix

Case T-97/11 Rovi Pharmaceuticals GmbH v OHIM EU:T:2013:474 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110n35, 112n50, 125n148, 127n174

Case T-135/11 Clorox v OHMI EU:T:2012:356 . . . . . . . .

20n21

Case T-143/11 Consorzio vino Chianti Classico v OHIM EU:T:2012:645 44n186, 84n66, 84n67

Case T-179/11 Sports Eybl & Sports Experts GmbH EU:T:2012:254 33n125, 144n53

Case T-227/11 Wall v OHMI EU:T:2012:375 129n192

Case T-237/11 Lidl Stiftung v OHIM EU:T:2013:11 25n69, 108n26, 116n86, 125n156, 127n172, 158n151

Case T-295/11 Duscholux Ibérica v OHMI EU:T:2012:420 26, 26n77, 82n57

Case T-353/11 Event v OHMI EU:T:2013:147 76, 123n137

Case T-361/11 Hand Held Products v OHMI EU:T:2012:377 115n77, 116n83, 123n136, 127n170

Case T-393/11 Masottina SpA v OHIM EU:T:2013:24 25n68, 35n140, 59n289, 143n43

Case T-437/11 Golden Balls Ltd v OHIM EU:T:2013:441 25n67, 60n296, 157n143

Case T-450/11 Galileo International Technology v OHMI EU:T:2014:771 .

Case T-451/11 Gigabyte Technology v OHMI EU:T:2013:13 .

123n138

.35n142, 36n153, 109n32, 114n72, 125n153, 128n184

Case T-460/11 Scandic Distilleries v OHMI EU:T:2012:432. . . . . . . . 21n28, 38n162, 146n68, 157n142

Case T-467/11 Colgate Palmolive v OHIM EU:T:2013:633 .

Case T-504/11 Paul Hartmann AG v OHIM EU:T:2013:57 .

Case T-505/11 Aldi v OHIM EU:T:2013:332

Case T-514/11 i-content v OHMI EU:T:2013:291

90n91

. . . 108n25, 116n84, 117n89, 125n154

34n139

113n64, 124n142

Case T-528/11 Aloe Vera of America v OHMI EU:T:2014:10 52n252, 57n267

Case T-529/11 Evonik Industries v OHMI EU:T:2012:598 21n29, 33n122, 78n45, 86n75

Case T-537/11 Hultafors Group v OHMI EU:T:2013:207 22n42, 79n49

Case T-555/11 tesa SE v OHMI EU:T:2012:594 41n176, 93n113

Case T-558/11 Atlas v OHIM EU:T:2012:615 117n89

Case T-569/11 Gitana v OHIM EU:T:2013:462 22n38, 78n46, 125n146

Case T-580/11 McNeil AB v OHIM, Alkalon ApS, EU:T:2013:301 183n115

Case T-599/11 Eni v OHMI EU:T:2014:269 47n214

Case T-600/11 Schuhhaus Dielmann v OHMI EU:T:2014:33 79n50

Case T-623/11 Pico Food v OHMI EU:T:2014:199

Case T-624/11 Yueqing Onesto Electric v OHIM EU:T:2013:137

Case T-41/12 LS Fashion v OHMI EU:T:2015:125

Case T-54/12 K2 Sports Europe v OHMI EU:T:2013:50

Case T-55/12 Su-Shan Chen v AM Denmark A/S EU:T:2013:219

Case T-89/12 Repsol YPF v OHIM EU:T:2013:335

Case T-170/12 Beyond Retro v OHMI EU:T:2014:238

Case T-195/12 Nuna International v OHMI EU:T:2014:804

Case T-218/12 Micrus Endovascular v OHMI EU:T:2014:760

92n107

27, 59n282, 157n142

62n303

34n136, 93n108

64

65n315

45n193, 58n276, 111n42, 121n119

120n110, 124n142

113n59

Case T-221/12 Sunrider v OHIM EU:T:2014:25 113, 113n60, 113n65, 116n85, 119n106, 124n142

Case T-229/12 Advance Magazine Publishers v OHMI EU:T:2014:95 27

Case T-231/12 Rocket Dog Brands v OHIM EU:T:2013:264 97n124

Case T-247/12 Argo Group International Holdings v OHIM, Arisa Assurances (ARIS) EU:T:2014:258 171n49

Case T-285/12 The Cartoon Network v OHIM, Bommerang TV SA EU:T:2013:520 185n132

Case T-288/12 EI du Pont de Nemours v OHMI EU:T:2014:196 120n115

Case T-328/12 Mundipharma GmbH v OHIM, AFT Pharmaceuticals Ltd EU:T:2013:537 163n11

Case T-330/12 Hut.com v OHMI EU:T:2014:569 58n275

Case T-338/12 Rocket Dog Brands v OHIM EU:T:2013:327

Case T-342/12 Fuchs v OHIM EU:T:2014:858

Case T-361/12 Premiere Polish v OHIM EU:T:2013:630 .

Case T-356/12 Debonair Trading Internacional v OHMI EU:T:2014:178

Case T-378/12 Capitalizaciones Mercantiles v OHIM EU:T:2013:574

Case T-379/12 Electric Bike World v OHIM EU:T:2013:529

Case T-382/12 Kampol v OHMI EU:T:2014:563

Case T-383/12 Ferienhauser zem See v OHIM EU:T:2014:12

43n182

29n88, 30n92, 37n159

36n154, 36n156, 80n51, 81

23n52

65n316

108n27, 114n66, 124n145

130n195

74, 94n116, 157n142

Case T-388/12 Singer v OHIM EU:T:2013:536 59n290, 109n33, 111n48, 130n195

Case T-395/12 Fetim v OHMI EU:T:2015:92 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87n77, 157n142, 158n148

Case T-423/12 Skype Ultd v OHIM, Sky Plc EU:T:2015:260. . . .

Case T-436/12 Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll v OHMI EU:T:2015:477 . .

151n102, 185n134

23n51

Case T-444/12 Novartis v OHMI EU:T:2014:886 43n182

Case T 445/12 Koscher + Würtz v OHMI EU:T:2014:829 25n75, 38–39n163, 220n79

Case T-453/12 Zoo Sports Ltd v OHIM, K-2 Corp EU:T:2013:532 180n100

Case T-480/12 Coca-Cola Company v OHMI EU:T:2014:1062 18n11

Case T-486/12 Golam v OHMI EU:T:2014:508 140n33

Case T-487/12 Eckes-Granini v OHIM EU:T:2013:637 45n195, 46n196, 76, 84n67

Case T-493/12 Sanofi v OHMI EU:T:2014:807 34n138, 112n53

Case T-502/12 Ferring v OHMI EU:T:2014:192 34n138, 65n321, 181n108, 182n113

Case T-505/12 Compagnie des montres Longines, Francillon v OHMI EU:T:2015:95 111n42, 130–31, 131n200

Case T-509/12 Advance Magazine Publishers v OHMI EU:T:2014:89

Case T-515/12 El Corte Inglés v OHIM EU:T:2014:882

Case T-516/12 Ted-Invest v OHMI EU:T:2014:811

Case T-523/12 Rani Refreshments v OHMI EU:T:2014:571

Case T-531/12 Tifosi Optics v OHMI EU:T:2014:855

Case T-533/12 IBSolution v OHMI EU:T:2013:582

Case T-544/12 Pensa Pharma v OHMI EU:T:2015:355

Case T-1/13 Advance Magazine Publishers v OHMI EU:T:2014:615 .

49n231, 78n42

60n298

118n98, 126n159

20n18

65n315, 106n8

33n121, 74, 78n48, 80, 157n142

36n148

59n286

Case T-12/13 Sherwin-Williams Sweden v OHMI EU:T:2014:1054 34n132, 91n105, 93n109

Case T-26/13 dm-drogerie markt v OHMI EU:T:2014:70 39n168

Case T-38/13 Pedro Group v OHMI EU:T:2014:241 151n103, 158n150

Case T-75/13 Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma v OHMI EU:T:2014:1017 110n35, 112n52, 113n57

Case T-76/13 Compagnie des montres Longines, Francillon v OHMI EU:T:2015:94 79

Case T-78/13 Red Bull v OHMI EU:T:2015:72 24n66

Case T-90/13 Herdade de S. Tiago II v OHMI EU:T:2014:778 54n256

Case T-122/13 Laboratoires Polive v OHMI EU:T:2014:863 39n168, 76

Case T-184/13 Skype v OHMI EU:T:2015:258 24n62, 150n90, 153n120, 155n129

Case T-227/13 Bayer Intellectual Property v OHMI EU:T:2015:120

Case T-254/13 Stayer Ibérica v OHMI EU:T:2015:362

. . 24n64, 33n117, 46n196

119n109

Case T-262/13 Skysoft Computersysteme v OHMI EU:T:2014:884 . 24n63, 34n134, 119n103, 129n188

Case T-265/13 Polo/Lauren v OHMI EU:T:2014:779

Case T-272/13 Max Mara Fashion Group v OHMI EU:T:2014:1020 .

Case T-282/13 Iglotex v OHMI EU:T:2015:226

Case T-297/13 Junited Autoglas Deutschland v OHMI EU:T:2014:893

Case T-324/13 Endoceutics v OHMI EU:T:2014:672

Case T-333/13 Westermann Lernspielverlag v OHMI EU:T:2015:490

60n295

34n139

34n131, 52n251

59n285

24n60, 33n118, 181n107

33n128

Case T-341/13 Groupe Léa Nature v OHMI EU:T:2014:802 74

Case T-350/13 Jordi Nogues v EUIPO EU:T:2017:633 52n253, 82n59

Case T-384/13 Intermark v OHMI EU:T:2015:158 73n33

Case T-388/13 Costa Crociere v OHMI EU:T:2015:118 119n101, 125n150

Case T-491/13 Perfetti Van Melle Benelux BV v OHIM, Intercontinental Great Brands LLC, EU:T:2015:979 202n231

Case T-514/13 AgriCapital v OHMI EU:T:2015:372 125n155

Case T-518/13 Future Enterprises Pte Ltd v EUIPO, McDonald’s EU:T:2016:389 195n195

Case T-521/13 Alpinestars Research v OHMI EU:T:2015:474 36n149

Case T-543/13 Three-N-Products v OHMI EU:T:2015:134

Case T-559/13 Giovanni Cosmetics v OHMI EU:T:2015:353.

Case T-581/13 Royal County of Berkshire Polo Club v OHMI EU:T:2015:192

Case T-608/13 easyGroup IP Licensing v OHMI EU:T:2015:282

Case T-645/13 Nezi v OHIM EU:T:2016:145

Case T-657/13 BH Stores v OHMI EU:T:2015:449

Case T-665/13 Zitro IP v OHMI EU:T:2015:55

45n194

63n308

21–22n36

84n67

126n165

109n30, 113n64, 116n79

90n98

Joined Cases T-711/13 and T-716/13 Harrys Pubar and Harry’s New York Bar v OHMI EU:T:2016:82 96n122, 120n114

Case T-715/13 Lidl Stiftung v OHMI EU:T:2015:256 . . . . . . .

Case T-717/13 Chair Entertainment Group v OHMI EU:T:2015:242 .

Table of Cases xxi

62n304, 74, 120n114

. . .25n71, 27n80

Case T-102/14 Deutsche Post AG v OHIM, PostNL Holding BV EU:T:2015:279 . . . . . . 202n229, 202n230

Case T-123/14 BSH v OHMI EU:T:2015:52 58n274

Case T-145/14 adidas v OHMI EU:T:2015:303 28n87

Case T-169/14 Ferring BV v OHIM, Kora Corp. EU:T:2015:280 220n80

Case T-194/14 Bristol Global Co. Ltd v OHIM EU:T:2016:42 22n37

Case T-197/14 La Zaragozana v OHMI EU:T:2015:313 34n139

Case T-210/14 Mederer GmbH v OHIM, Cadbury International Holdings EU:T:2016:105 199n217

Case T-273/14 Lithomex v OHMI EU:T:2015:352 32n116, 118n100

Case T-351/14 Construlink -Tecnologias de Informação, SA v EUIPO, Wit-Software EU:T:2017:101 176n74, 180n98, 180n103, 185n134

Case T-352/14 The Smiley Company v OHMI EU:T:2015:491 . . . . . . . . . . . . 32n115, 45n193, 120n114

Case T-369/14 Sequoia Capital operations v OHIM, Sequoia Capital, EU:T:2015:733 .

Case T-420/14 Wine in Black v OHMI EU:T:2015:312

Case T-485/14 Bon Net OOD v OHMI EU:T:2006:53.

Case T-535/14 The Cookware Company Ltd v OHIM EU:T:2016:2 .

220n79

36n157

98n128, 202n233

Case T-541/14 Azienda Agricola Vitivinicola Dei Conti Leone De Castris Srl v OHIM EU:T:2016:51

Case T-549/14 Lidl Stiftung & Co. KG v EUIPO EU:T:2016:594

20n22

20n16, 49n232

116–17, 116n80

Case T-554/14 Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini v EUIPO, JM. EV-e hijos, SRL EU:T:2018:230 169n39

Case T-557/14 BrandGroup GmbH v OHIM EU:T:2016:116 91n99

Case T-562/14 Yoo Holdings v OHMI EU:T:2015:363 30n98, 122n128, 128n181

Case T-613/14 Industrias Tomás Morcillo, S.L. v EUIPO EU:T:2016:198 112n49

Case T-621/14 Infocit v OHMI EU:T:2015:427 34n130, 58n273, 59n284

Case T-687/14 Novomatic AG v OHIM EU:T:2016:37 113n63

Case T-745/14 TeamBank AG Nürnberg v EUIPO EU:T:2016:82 96n123, 199n216

Case T-785/14 El Corte Inglés, S.A v OHMI EU:T:2016:160 34n133, 34n138

Case T-816/14 Tayto Group v OHMI EU:T:2016:93 59n287

Case T-13/15 Deutsche Post AG v EUIPO, Media Logistik GmbH EU:T:2017:434

Case T-21/15 Franmax v EUIPO EU:T:2016:241

Case T-53/15 credentis AG v OHMI EU:T:2016:136

Case T-67/15 Polo Club v EUIPO, Lifestyle Equities EU:T:2016:657.

Case T-75/15 Rod Leichtmetallräder GmbH v OHIM EU:T:2016:26

Case T-85/15 Alfa Wassermann SpA v EUIPO EU:T:2017:336

Case T-99/15 Sfera Joven, S.A. v EUIPO EU:T:2016:321 . .

202n232

49n233

22n41

163n11

128n177

112n54, 132n207

Case T-225/15 QuaMa Quality Management GmbH v EUIPO, Microchip Technology, Inc EU:T:2017:10

34n139

199n216

Case T-228/15 Grupo de originación y análisis, S.L. v EUIPO EU:T:2016:530 90n93

Case T-250/15 Speciality Drinks Ltd v EUIPO EU:T:2016:678 93n110, 180n102

Case T-312/15 Market Watch v EUIPO EU:T:2016:303 36n150

Case T-358/15 Arrom Conseil v EUIPO EU:T:2016:490 102n158

Case T-399/15 Morgan & Morgan Srl International Insurance Brokers v EUIPO, Grupo Morgan EU:T:2018:192 171n48

Case T-407/15 Monster Energy v EUIPO, Hot-Can Intellectual Property, EU:T:2016:624 179n91

Case T-408/15 Globo Comunicação e Participações S/A v EUIPO EU:T:2016:468 241n49

Case T-454/15 Laboratorios Ern, SA v EUIPO EU:T:2016:262 111n45

Case T-457/15 Fakro sp. z o.o. v EUIPO EU:T:2017:391 .

Case T-461/15 Guccio Gucci SpA v EUIPO EU:T:2016:605

Case T-495/15 Sociedad agraria de transformación No.9982 Montecitrus v EUIPO, Spanish Oranges EU:T:2017:173 .

Case T-503/15 Aranynektár v EUIPO EU:T:2016:261

Case T-504/15 Rafhaelo Gutti, S.L. v EUIPO EU:T:2017:150

Case T-521/15 Diesel v EUIPO EU:T:2017:536 .

Case T-537/15 Deutsche Post AG v EUIPO, Verbis Alfa sp. z o.o. EU:T:2018:384 .

78n47

61n302

179n95, 200n221

28n83

19n15

65n317

. 202n229

Case T-538/15 Regent University v EUIPO, Regent’s College EU:T:2017:226 184n126

Table of Cases

Case T-568/15 Giuseppe Morgese, Pasquale Morgese, Felice D’Onofrio v EUIPO EU:T:2017:78 . . . . 199n215

Case T-596/15 Batmore Capital Ltd v EUIPO, Univers Poche EU:T:2017:103 .

Case T-693/15 Clover Canyon v EUIPO, Kaipa Sportswear EU:T:2016:620. .

185n134

166n26

Case T-695/15 BMB sp v EUIPO Ferrero SpA EU:T:2017:684 235–36n22

Case T-701/15 Stock Polska sp. z o.o. v EUIPO EU:T:2017:16 180n101

Case T-768/15 RP Technik GmbH Profilsysteme v EUIPO EU:T:2017:630 180n97

Case T-18/16 Deutsche Post AG v EUIPO EU:T:2018:86 22n44

Case T-25/16 Haw Par v EUIPO EU:T:2017:303 38n161

Case T-39/16 Nanu-Nana Joachim Hoepp v EUIPO EU:T:2017:263 121n119

Case T-88/16 Opko Ireland Global Holdings v EUIPO EU:T:2017:32 113, 113n61

Case T-113/16 Arctic Cat Inc v EUIPO EU:T:2018:43 59

Case T-118/16 Deutsche Post v EUIPO, bpost NV EU:T:2018:86 202n229

Case T-159/16 Metronia S.A. v EUIPO, Zitro EU:T:2017:340 199n217

Case T-184/16 NRJ Group v EUIPO EU:T:2017:703 .

Case T-202/16 Keturi kambariai v EUIPO EU:T:2017:750

Case T-258/16 Mediterranean Premium Spirits, SL v EUIPO EU:T:2017:375

Case T-382/16 Asna v EUIPO (Asna Wings/Wings) EU:T:2017:713

Case T-398/16 Starbucks v EUIPO EU:T:2018:4 . .

Case T-406/16 Dogg Label v EUIPO EU:T:2017:482 .

Case T-448/16 Mr. Kebab s.r.o. v EUIPO, Mister Kebap SL EU:T:2017:459 .

150n87

20n16, 171n53

90n94

78n43

76

120n115

. 199n215, 199n216

Case T-722/16 Mapei SpA v EUIPO, Steenfabrieken Vandersanden NV EU:T:2017:808 . . .

176n74

Case T-824/16 Kiosked Oy Ab v EUIPO EU:T:2018:133 65n319

Case T-15/17 Dimitrios Mitrakos v EUIPO EU:T:2018:198 218n64

Case T-46/17 TDH Group v EUIPO, Comercial de Servicios Agrigan EU:T:2018:976 199n215

Case T-164/17 Apple and Pear Australia Ltd v EUIPO, Pink Lady America, EU:T:2018:678 178n85

Case T-261/17 Bayer AG v EUIPO, Uni-Pharma EU:T:2018:710 182n114, 187n147

Case T-346/17 Hotelbeds Spain, SL v EUIPO EU:T:2018:134 40n170

Case T-668/17 Maico Holding GmbH v EUIPO, Eico A/S EU:T:2018:567 180n99

EUIPO BOARDS OF APPEAL

R 519/2003-2, Tiffany & Co. v Emballages Mixtes et Plastique Sarl, 14 December 2004 106n13, 114n69

R 755/2009-4, Proxxon S.A v Franz Jost AG, 20 Oct 2010

R 0806/2009-4, Chocoladefabriken Lindt & Sprungli v Terravita, 9 Nov 2010

R 1877/2010-2, Absolut Company Aktiebolag v OHIM, Messe Commerzgroup Ltd, 17 Feb 2012

R 2492/2010-2, Tea Forté, Inc v Dr. Dünner AG, 14 Feb 2012

R 210/2012-1, Nemiroff Intellectual Property Establishment v BELVEDERE société anonyme, 5 Sep 2013

R 1802/2012-1, Industrias Relax, S.A. V Relax Natürlich Wohnen GmbH, 5 Sep 2013

246n76

246n74

236n24, 246n71

236n25

236n25, 249n90

197n205

R 1462/2012-G, Lifestyle Supplies V.o.F. v Ultimate Nutrition, Inc., 18 Sep 2013 197n205, 197n206

R 1565/2016-1, Flow Festival Oy v Producciones Baltimore, S.L., 2 Mar 2017 165n20

R 2133/2017-4, Robert Birnecker v Fisher’s Gin Ltd, 3 Apr 2018 229n124

R 2254/2017-4 Bekaertdeslee Innovation v Home Relax, 1 Aug 2018 197n207

EUIPO

Fabrimode NV v Robert Bosch GmbH, Opposition Division, No. B 2 783 002 (06/09/2017) 236n24, 247n78

Sun Stars & Sons v S.C. Carpathian Springs, Opposition Division, No. B 2 710 849 (22/12/2017) 236n23

Sun Stars & Sons Pte Ltd. v S.C. Valvis Holding, Opposition Dvision, No. B 2 710 807 (12/02/2018) 236n23

UNITED KINGDOM

32Red plc v WHG (International) Ltd [2011] EWHC 62 (Ch) 185n132

Adelphoi Ltd v DC Comics, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/440/13. . . . . . . . . . . 48n220

Table of Cases xxiii

Alka9 Ltd v WP IP & Development BV, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/342/14 . . . . . 98n129

Alterego Retail Group Ltd v Retail Royalty Company, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/468/17 .

43n181

Alticor Inc v Nutrigreen Health Products Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/335/07 84n68, 85

American Home Products Corporation v Knoll Atkiengesellschaft [2002] EWHC 828 (Ch) 54n258, 55

Apple Inc v Swatch AG, Trade Marks Registry, O/307/16 194n191

Apple Inc v Wapple.net Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/277/13 22n43

Applied Energy Products Ltd v Hansgrohe AG, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/090/06 57n269

APT Training & Consultancy Ltd & Anor v Birmingham & Solihull Mental Health NHS Trust [2019] EWHC 19 (IPEC) 4n14, 180n104

Argon Consulting & Management Ltd v JT International SA, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/049/17 .

Argos Ltd v Argos Systems Ltd [2017] EWHC 231 (Ch)

Ashley v Rado Uhren AG, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/640/17

Associated Newspapers Ltd v Express Newspapers [2003] EWHC 1322 (Ch)

Assos of Switzerland SA v Asos Plc [2013] EWHC 2831 (Ch)

Aveda Corp v Dabur India Ltd [2013] EWHC 589 (Ch) .

43n185

181n105, 223n97

47n208

49n236, 126n162

171n52

99n133, 100, 100n137, 100n138

Awareness Ltd v Plymouth City Council, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/236/13 . . . . 110n40

Baker Street Clothing Ltd v La Chemise Lacoste SA, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/333/10 41n178, 42–43, 45n192, 51–52, 51n243, 51n245, 51n246, 51n247

Balfour Beatty plc v PE International AD, Trade Marks Registry (Opposition), O/013/13 64n313

Barclays Bank plc v Rise Construction Management Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/635/17 107n18

Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft v Technosport London Ltd [2017] EWCA Civ 779 184n127, 192n180

Bon Catering Services v Aldi Stores, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/411/14 98n128

Bowerbank v Michele-Textil-Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/070/07

BP Amoco Plc v John Kelly Ltd [2002] FSR 5 (NICA)

109n30, 124, 124n143

193n185, 207, 207n11, 209, 247n82

Brewdog plc v ABG EPE IP LLC, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/048/18 . . . . . 101n151

British Shorinji Kempo Federation’s Trade Mark Application [2014] EWHC 285 (Ch) . . . . . . 49n236, 60n299, 61

British Sky Broadcasting Group Plc & Ors v Microsoft Corporation & Anor [2013] EWHC 1826 (Ch)

British Sugar plc v Robertson Ltd [1997] ETMR 118

.49n230, 128n187, 189n161, 211n30

. 106, 106n11, 106n14, 124, 124n140

Cachet Kids Ltd v Cath Kidson Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/404/14 47n210

Chiemeka Eijochi v dm-drogerie markt GmbH + Co. KG, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/058/18 22–23

Cobra Electronics Corporation v Cobra Automotive Technologies SpA, Trade Marks Registry (Opposition), O/380/10 38n161, 51n243

Coco de Mer Ltd v Chanel Ltd [2004] EWHC 992 (Ch) 59n292

Comic Enterprises Ltd v Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation [2014] EWHC 185 (Ch) 79

Comic Enterprises Ltd v Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation [2016] EWCA Civ 41 7n35, 7n37, 166n27, 167n29, 168n37, 172n57, 184n128, 190n165

Cosmetic Warriors Limited and Lush Limited v Amazon.co.uk Limited and Amazon EU SARL [2014] EWHC 181 (Ch) .

Cromwell Group (Holdings) Ltd v Rexel State Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/023/13

D Jacobson & Sons Ltd v Globe Ltd [2008] EWHC 88 (Ch)

193n189

123n139

130, 130n199

Dallas Burston Healthcare Ltd v Boehringer Ingelheim KG, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/048/01 21n31, 147n74

xxiv Table of Cases

Datacard Corporation v Eagle Technologies Ltd [2011] EWHC 244 (Pat) . . .

Dear Choo, Trade Marks Registry (Opposition), O/286/16 . .

167n31, 226, 226n109, 226n110, 227n113, 228n117

180n99

Decon Laboratories Ltd v Fred Baker Scientific Ltd [2000] EWHC 57 (Ch) 150n88

Deutsche Telekom AG v E! Entertainment Television Inc [2006] EWHC 33 (Ch) 152n107

Digipos Store Solutions Group Ltd v Digi International Inc [2008] EWHC 3371 (Ch) 142n40, 146n62, 146n64

DKH Retail Ltd v Nadeem Anwar, Trade Marks Registry, O/522/17 229n123

Dreams Ltd v Pure Imports Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/307/15 214n47

eBay, Inc v Dotcom Retail Ltd, Trade Marks Registry, O/347/14. 224n101

Ellerman Investments Ltd v C-Vanci [2006] EWHC 1442 (Ch) 153n110

Elliott v LRC Products Ltd, Trade Mark (Opposition), O/103/12 57n270

Elliott v LRC Products Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/255/13 . . . . .

Elliot v LRC Products Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/223/15 .

203n238

. 110–11, 110n39, 117–18, 117n91, 127, 127n173, 128n182

Enterprise Holdings Inc v Europcar Group UK Ltd [2015] EWHC 17 (Ch) . . . . . 4n13, 30n93, 145n58, 150n87, 168n34, 177–78, 178n84, 179n90, 184n128, 192n178

Enterprise Rent-A-Car Company v Eurodrive Car Rental Ltd [2005] EWHC 1429 (Ch) . . . . 30, 30n91

esure Insurance v Direct Line Insurance plc [2008] EWCA Civ 842 . .

186n140, 187n148

Evegate Publishing Limited v Newsquest Media (Southern) Limited [2013] EWHC 1975 (Ch) 49n236

Exxon Corporation v Kellogg Company, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/373/04 122n128

Fenty & Ors v Arcadia Group Brands Ltd (t/a Topshop) [2013] EWHC 1945 (Ch) 186n138

FIL Ltd & Anor v Fidelis Underwriting Ltd [2018] EWHC 1097 (Pat) 179n93, 179n95

Fine & Country Ltd v Okotoks Ltd [2012] EWHC 2230 (Ch) 209n17, 211n30, 223n95

Fine & Country Ltd v Okotoks Ltd [2013] EWCA Civ 672 26n78, 27

Firm of ABX v Gurwitch Products LLC, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/229/13

149n82, 149n84, 151n97

Frank Industries Pty Ltd v Nike Retail BV [2018] EWHC 1893 (Ch).

Geolabs Limited v Geo Laboratories and Edwards [2012] EWPCC 45

Ghias (T/A Griller) v Ikram (T/A The Griller Original) & Ors [2012] EWPCC 3

Giant UK Limited v Major League Baseball Properties Inc., Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/264/14

Giorgio Armani SpA v Sunrich Clothing Ltd [2010] EWHC 2939 (Ch)

Grant v London Relocation Ltd, Trade Marks Registry, O/204/17

192n181, 193n188

50n239

. 76, 87n78, 211n30

124n142

56n264

197n204

Green Flag Ltd v Groupama Insurance Company Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Opposition), O/334/12 54n255

Hasbro Inc v 123 Nahrmittel GmbH [2011] EWHC 199 (Ch) 32n108, 32n109, 57n265, 170n45, 191n174

Hearst Holdings Inc & Anor v A.V.E.L.A. Inc & Ors [2014] EWHC 439 (Ch) 5n26, 51, 51n245, 166n24, 174n66, 175–76, 176n72, 190n165

HFC Bank Plc v Midland Bank Plc [2000] FSR 176 223n97

Hornig v Distell Limited and J Sedgwick & Company Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Invalidity), O/325/13

Hotel Cipriani SRL & Ors v Cipriani (Grosvenor Street) Ltd & Ors [2008] EWHC 3032 (Ch)

Infamous Nut Co Ltd v Percy Dalton (Holdings) Ltd [2003] RPC 7

Imperial Group plc & Another v Philip Morris Limited & Another [1984] RPC 293

Interflora Inc & Anor v Marks and Spencer plc [2014] EWCA Civ 1403

55n262

10n52, 48n221

23n50

187n145

167n32, 169n43, 170n44, 172n57, 173n59, 181n105, 211, 211n31, 213n37, 214n47, 215–16, 217n58

Interflora Inc & Anor v Marks and Spencer Plc & Anor [2013] EWHC 1291 (Ch) 169n42, 170n44, 174n67, 183n120, 187n151, 212n34

Table of Cases xxv

Interflora Inc v Marks & Spencer Plc [2012] EWCA Civ 1501 . . . . . . . . . . 184n127, 187n145, 187n149

Intersnack Knabber-Geback GmbH & Co KG v Chiquo Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/95/14 .

20n20

IPC Media Ltd v Media 10 Ltd [2014] EWCA Civ 1439 184–85n130

Jack Wills Ltd v House of Fraser (Stores) Ltd [2014] EWHC 110 (Ch)

44, 44n188, 55, 55n259, 146n64, 149n80, 153n119, 171n52, 173n58, 174n62, 192–94, 193n187

Julius Sämaan Ltd v Tetrosyl Ltd [2006] EWHC 529 (Ch) 193n185

JW Spear & Sons Ltd v Zynga Inc [2015] EWCA Civ 290 33n127, 184–85n130, 190n165

Kimberly-Clark Worldwide Inc v Multibrands International Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/363/17 153n121

Knight v Beyond Properties Pty Ltd [2007] EWHC 1251 (Ch) 223n95

Kurt Geiger v A-List Corporate Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/075/13 . . . 203n237

L.A. Sugar Ltd v Back Beat Inc, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/375/10 . . . . . . . 5, 5n24, 165–66, 166n22, 166n23

L’Oréal SA & Ors v Bellure NV & Ors [2006] EWHC 2355 (Ch) . .

Land Securities plc’s Application, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/339/04 . . .

Lewis v Client Connection Ltd [2011] EWHC 1627 (Ch) . .

206, 206n8

49n226

138n21, 150n92, 153n113

Lifestyle Equities CV & Anor v Santa Monica Polo Club Ltd & Ors [2017] EWHC 3313 (Ch) 49n223, 55n261, 158n149

Liquid Plastics Ltd v Imperial Chemical Industries Plc, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/272/07 32n113

London Taxi Corporation, The v Frazer Nash Research Ltd [2017] EWCA Civ 1729 175, 175n71, 177n80, 239n45

London Taxi Corporation, The v Frazer-Nash Research Ltd & Anor [2016] EWHC 52 (Ch) 177, 177n78, 236n26, 239, 239n43, 246n70

Lonsdale Sports Ltd v Erol [2013] EWHC 2956 (Pat) 50n237

Lowther v Formula One Licencing B.V., Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/396/14 141n36, 146

Luen Fat Metal and Plastic Manufactory Limited v Jacobs & Turner Limited t/a Trespass [2019] EWHC 118 (IPEC)

Lunan Group Ltd v Edwin Co Ltd [2006] EWHC 3278

Maier v ASOS Plc [2015] EWCA Civ 220

193n188

63n306

9n45, 46n197, 58n279, 130, 130n197, 148n77, 153n117, 161n5, 171n50, 185n131

Martinez (t/a Prick) v Prick Me Baby One More Time Ltd [2018] EWHC 776 (IPEC)

Merck KGaA v Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp [2017] EWCA Civ 1834

Millenium Jeans v Zeco, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/400/14

. 223n97

192n180

98n130

Mio Ottimo Jeans Officino Ltd v Ars Parfum Creation Consulting GmbH, Trade Marks Registry (Opposition), O/343/13 55n263

Moroccanoil Israel Ltd v Aldi Stores Ltd [2014] EWHC 1686 (IPEC) 223n97

N.V. Sumatra Tobacco Trading Co. v CTBAT International Co. Ltd, Trade Mark Registry (Opposition), O/005/18 61n301

Nature’s Gift International, Inc. v Merck Consumer Healthcare Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Opposition), O/383/15 59n294, 76, 149n85

Neutrogena Corporation and Anr v Golden Limited and Anr [1996] RPC 473 223n95

Nicoventures Holdings Ltd v The London Vape Company Ltd [2017] EWHC 3393 (Ch) . . . . . 89n85, 182n113, 201n224

Noble Foods Ltd v McDonald’s International Property Co Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/181/14

44n191, 45

Nomination Di Antonio E Paolo Gensini SNC & Anor v Brealey & Anor (t/a JSC Jewellery) [2019] EWHC 599 (IPEC)

Now Click 2 Eat Ltd v Kunnure, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/485/17

O2 Holdings Ltd v Hutchison 3G Ltd [2006] EWCA Civ 1656

4n14

43n181

190n169

Oasis Stores Ltd’s Trade Mark Application [1998] RPC 631 27n82

xxvi Table of Cases

Och-Ziff Management Europe Ltd & Anor v OCH Capital LLP & Ors [2010] EWHC 2599 (Ch) . .

. 145n57, 146n63, 149n81, 151n100, 152, 152n109, 153n118, 184n129, 192n182, 205, 205n6, 206, 207, 207n13, 208n14, 208n15, 208n16, 209n19, 211n27, 211n28, 211n29, 212, 219–20, 219n76, 221–22, 223–24, 223n96, 225n105

Office Cleaning Services Ltd v Westminster Window & General Cleaners Ltd [1946] 63 RPC 39 203n238

Oney Bank v Onesavings Bank plc, Trade Marks Registry, O/065/18 214n47

Oska’s Ltd v Morgan SA, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/317/04 142n39, 144n52, 149n79, 149n83, 150n94, 151n96, 151n99, 153n115

Pepsico, Inc v Teng Yun International Pte Ltd, Trade Marks Registry, O/134/18 223n97

Pfizer Ltd v Eurofood Link (UK) Ltd [2000] ETMR 896 113n58

Phones 4U Ltd v Phones4u.co.uk Internet Ltd [2006] EWCA Civ 244

Pia Hallstrom Ltd v Beale, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/303/17.

Polo Lauren Co’s Trade Mark Application [2001] RPC 32

Powell v Turner [2013] EWHC 3242 (IPEC)

Pramic Ltd v F Bender Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Opposition), O/376/09

Quad International Inc v Goldstar Publications Ltd [2003] EWHC 2081 (Ch)

185n132

102n157, 203n235

21–22n36

100–1, 100n139

23, 23n53

21n24

R. v Johnstone [2003] UKHL 28; [2004] ETMR 2 237n33

Raj Foods Ltd v Masala World Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Invalidity), O/019/08 49n226, 105n4

Reckitt & Colman Products Ltd v Borden Inc [1990] 1 WLR 491 223n93

Red Bull GmbH v Stute Nahrungsmittelwerke GmbH & Co KG, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/119/14 97n125

Red Bull GmbH v Sun Mark Ltd [2012] EWHC 1929 (Ch) 24n57, 31n106, 32n109, 192n184

Redd Solicitors LLP v Red Legal Ltd and Martin Crighton [2012] EWPCC 54 (PCC) 10n51, 57n266, 108n25

Reed Executive v Reed Business Information [2004] EWCA Civ 159 168n38, 189n158

Riviera Home Furnishings Pvt. Ltd v Riviera Holding B.V., Trade Marks Registry (Opposition), O/634/17

Roederer v J Garcia Carrion S.A. & Ors [2015] EWHC 2760 (Ch)

Rousselon Freres et CIE v Horwood Homewares Ltd [2008] EWHC 881 (Ch)

Royal Academy of Arts, The v Errea’ Sport SpA, Trade Mark Registry (Opposition), O/036/15

Saks Hair (Holdings) Ltd v The Little Wing Trading Company Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), Application O/271/13 .

133n211

.5n25, 166n23

98n131, 99

64n313

.42–43, 42n179

Sarmad’s Trade Mark Application [2006] ETMR 2 41n175

S C Prodal 94 Srl v Spirits International NV [2003] EWHC 2756 (Ch) 58n278

Scentura Creations Ltd v Patrick Cox Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/471/00 129n190

Schuh Limited v SHHH … Limited [2011] CSOH 123 130n196

Schütz (UK) Ltd v Delta Containers Ltd [2011] EWHC 1712 (Ch) 174n61, 174n66, 175, 175n69, 176, 177n77

Shanghai Commercial Bank Ltd v Groupement des Cartes Bancaires, Trade Marks Registry (Opposition), O/338/12 64n314

Sidhu-Robb v Nosh Beverages Ltd, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/224/18 . . . 126n158

Sky Plc v Skykick UK Ltd [2018] EWHC 155 (Ch) .

171n51, 192n177

Societe Anonyme des Bains de Mer et du Cercle des Etrangers a Monaco v Anglofile International Ltd (t/a Monte Carlo Casino Entertainment) [2013] EWPCC 38 . .

41n177, 49n225, 153n111

Société Des Produits Nestlé SA v Cadbury UK Ltd [2012] EWHC 2637 (Ch) .

Société Des Produits Nestlé SA v Cadbury UK Ltd [2013] EWCA Civ 1174. .

Sofa Workshop Ltd v Sofaworks Ltd [2015] EWHC 1773 (IPEC)

233n9

233n9

49n234

Sölen Çikolata Gida Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi v Growseed Aktiengesellschaft, Trade Marks Registry (Appointed Person), O/241/05 148n75

Soulcycle Inc v Matalan Ltd [2017] EWHC 496 (Ch) 170n45

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