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SaraMillerMcCunefoundedSAGEPublishingin1965tosupportthedisseminationof usableknowledgeandeducateaglobalcommunity SAGEpublishesmorethan1000journals andover800newbookseachyear,spanningawiderangeofsubjectareas.Ourgrowing selectionoflibraryproductsincludesarchives,data,casestudiesandvideo.SAGEremains majorityownedbyourfounderandafterherlifetimewillbecomeownedbyacharitabletrust thatsecuresthecompany’scontinuedindependence.

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ForB D S andB W S

p.vii

Copyright©2019bySAGEPublications,Inc

All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher

LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData

Names:Leon-Guerrero,Anna,author

Title:Socialproblems:community,policyandsocialaction/AnnaLeon-Guerrero,PacificLutheranUniversity

Description:SixthEdition |ThousandOaks:SAGEPublications,[2018]| Revisededitionoftheauthor’sSocialproblems,[2016]|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex

Identifiers:LCCN2018017892|ISBN9781506362724(pbk :alk paper)

Subjects:LCSH:Socialproblems UnitedStates |Socialproblems |Criticalthinking

Classification:LCCHN592 L462018|DDC3060973 dc23LCrecordavailableathttps://lccnlocgov/2018017892

Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper

181920212210987654321

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BRIEFCONTENTS

Preface

Acknowledgments

AbouttheAuthor

Chapter1

• SociologyandtheStudyofSocialProblems

PARTI • THEBASESOFINEQUALITY

Chapter2

Chapter3

Chapter4

Chapter5

Chapter6

• SocialClass

• RaceandEthnicity

• Gender

• SexualOrientation

• AgeandAging

PARTII • OURSOCIALINSTITUTIONS

Chapter7

Chapter8

Chapter9

Chapter10

Chapter11

• Families

• Education

• WorkandtheEconomy

• HealthandMedicine

• TheMedia

PARTIII • OURSOCIALANDPHYSICALWORLDS

Chapter12

Chapter13

Chapter14

Chapter15

Chapter16

• AlcoholandDrugAbuse

• CrimeandCriminalJustice

• UrbanizationandPopulationGrowth

• TheEnvironment

• WarandTerrorism

PARTIV • INDIVIDUALACTIONANDSOCIALCHANGE

Chapter17 • SocialProblemsandSocialAction

Glossary

References

Index

DETAILEDCONTENTS

Preface

Acknowledgments

AbouttheAuthor

1 SociologyandtheStudyofSocialProblems

UsingOurSociologicalImagination

WhatIsaSocialProblem?

TheNegativeConsequencesofSocialProblems

ObjectiveandSubjectiveRealitiesofSocialProblems

TheHistoryofSocialProblems

• TAKINGAWORLDVIEW:IdentifyingGlobalThreats

• INFOCUS:AReviewofSociology

UnderstandingtheSociologicalPerspective

FunctionalistPerspective

ConflictPerspective

FeministPerspective

InteractionistPerspective

TheScienceofSociology

• EXPLORINGSOCIALPROBLEMS:DataMatters

TheTransformationFromProblemtoSolution MakingSociologicalConnections

• VOICESINTHECOMMUNITY:JudithAuerbach

• SOCIOLOGYATWORK:DoingSociology ChapterReview

KeyTerms

StudyQuestions

2. SocialClass

WhatDoesItMeantoBePoor?

TheFederalDefinitionsofPoverty

WhoArethePoor?

• EXPLORINGSOCIALPROBLEMS:DemographicsofPoverty

SociologicalPerspectivesonSocialClassandPoverty

FunctionalistPerspective

• TAKINGAWORLDVIEW:IncomeInequalityinChina

ConflictPerspective

FeministPerspective

InteractionistPerspective

• INFOCUS:ThePowerofPoliticalActionCommittees

TheConsequencesofPoverty

FoodInsecurityandHunger

AffordableHousing Health

RespondingtoClassInequalities

U.S.WelfarePolicy

LifeAfterWelfare

EarnedIncomeTaxCredit

• VOICESINTHECOMMUNITY:MauricioLimMiller

ChangingtheDefinition RedefiningPoverty

• SOCIOLOGYATWORK:CriticalThinking

ChapterReview

KeyTerms

StudyQuestions

3. RaceandEthnicity

DefiningRaceandEthnicity

PatternsofRacialandEthnicIntegration

SociologicalPerspectivesonRacialandEthnicInequalities

FunctionalistPerspective

ConflictPerspective

FeministPerspective

InteractionistPerspective

• INFOCUS:BlackLivesMatter

TheConsequencesofRacialandEthnicInequalities

U.S.Immigration

• EXPLORINGSOCIALPROBLEMS:RecentlyArrivedImmigrantPopulation

• TAKINGAWORLDVIEW:GlobalImmigration

IncomeandWealth

Education Health

RespondingtoRacialandEthnicInequalities

ImmigrationPolicySince2009

AffirmativeAction Employment

Education

EncouragingDiversityandInclusivity

• VOICESINTHECOMMUNITY:SofiaCampos

• SOCIOLOGYATWORK:TheScienceofSociology:Valuesvs Facts

ChapterReview

KeyTerms

StudyQuestions

4. Gender

SociologicalPerspectivesonGenderInequality

FunctionalistPerspective

ConflictandFeministPerspectives

• VOICESINTHECOMMUNITY:SarahMcBride

InteractionistPerspective

• INFOCUS:GenderIdentityTerms

TheConsequencesofGenderInequality

OccupationalSexSegregation

IncomeInequality

• EXPLORINGSOCIALPROBLEMS:TheWageGap

GenderNonconformityDiscrimination

pxii

IntimatePartnerViolenceandSexualAssault

RespondingtoGenderInequalities

FeministMovementsandSocialPolicies

• TAKINGAWORLDVIEW:LeavingNoGirlBehind

TitleIX

ExpandingTransandIntersexRights

• SOCIOLOGYATWORK:SociologyasaScience:TheoryandData

ChapterReview

KeyTerms

StudyQuestions

5. SexualOrientation

SociologicalPerspectivesonSexualOrientationandInequality

FunctionalistPerspective

ConflictandFeministPerspectives

InteractionistPerspective

SexualOrientationandInequality

StateandFederalLegislation

TheRightsandRecognitionofSame-SexCouples

Employment

MilitaryService

RespondingtoSexualOrientationInequalities

• TAKINGAWORLDVIEW:GayMilitaryServicePolicies

• EXPLORINGSOCIALPROBLEMS:SupportforSame-SexMarriage

• INFOCUS:Gay-FriendlyCampuses

• VOICESINTHECOMMUNITY:DanSavage

• SOCIOLOGYATWORK:InternshipsandServiceLearning

ChapterReview

KeyTerms

StudyQuestions

6. AgeandAging

OurAgingWorld

• TAKINGAWORLDVIEW:AginginChina

SociologicalPerspectivesonAge,Aging,andInequality

FunctionalistPerspective

ConflictPerspective

FeministPerspective

InteractionistPerspective

TheConsequencesofAgeInequality

Ageism

AgeandSocialClass

HealthandMedicalCare

• EXPLORINGSOCIALPROBLEMS:ElderlyIncomeSources

AgeismintheWorkplace

RespondingtoAgeInequalities

• INFOCUS:ThePoliticalInfluenceofYoungandOlderVoters

SocialSecurity

Medicare

• VOICESINTHECOMMUNITY:BarbaraYoung

• SOCIOLOGYATWORK:SocialWork

ChapterReview

KeyTerms

StudyQuestions

PartII•OurSocialInstitutions

7. Families

MythsoftheFamily

SociologicalPerspectivesontheFamily

FunctionalistPerspective

ConflictandFeministPerspectives

InteractionistPerspective

ProblemsintheFamily

Divorce

ViolenceandNeglect

TeenPregnancyandNewbornAbandonment

• EXPLORINGSOCIALPROBLEMS:TeenBirthrates

• INFOCUS:TeenParentingandEducation

TheProblemsofTimeandMoney

Community,Policy,andSocialAction

TheFamilyandMedicalLeaveActof1993

CommunityResponsestoDomesticViolenceandNeglect

• TAKINGAWORLDVIEW:ParentalLeavePolicies

• VOICESINTHECOMMUNITY:WynonaWard

TeenPregnancyandInfantAbandonment

ExpandingtheDefinitionofFamily Cohabitation

GrandparentsasParents

• SOCIOLOGYATWORK:ParalegalsandLegalAssistants

ChapterReview

KeyTerms

StudyQuestions

8. Education

TheNewEducationalStandard

SociologicalPerspectivesonEducation

• EXPLORINGSOCIALPROBLEMS:Earningabachelor’sdegree pxiv

FunctionalistPerspective

ConflictPerspective

FeministPerspective

InteractionistPerspective

ProblemsandChallengesinEducation

TheProblemofBasicLiteracy

• TAKINGAWORLDVIEW:EducationalTrackingandTestinginJapan

InequalityinEducationalAccessandAchievement

• INFOCUS:ControllingtheCostofHigherEducation

ViolenceandHarassmentinSchools

Community,Policy,andSocialAction

PolicyResponses TheBasisforEducationalReform

PromotingEducationalOpportunities HeadStartandPrekindergarten

Mentoring,Supporting,andValuingNetworks

AntiviolenceandAntibullyingProgramsinSchools

• VOICESINTHECOMMUNITY:WendyKopp

DoesHavingaChoiceImproveEducation?

• SOCIOLOGYATWORK:AfterschoolEducation

ChapterReview

KeyTerms

StudyQuestions

9. WorkandtheEconomy

TheChangingNatureofWork

SociologicalPerspectivesonWork

FunctionalistPerspective

ConflictPerspective

FeministPerspective

InteractionistPerspective

ProblemsinWorkandtheEconomy

UnemploymentandUnderemployment

Globalization

MinimumWage

AHazardousandStressfulWorkplace

• EXPLORING SOCIAL PROBLEMS: Characteristics of Minimum-Wage Workers

Community,Policy,andSocialAction

FederalPolicies

• TAKINGAWORLDVIEW:Mexico’sMaquiladoras

• INFOCUS:SweatshopLabor

TheLivingWageMovement

Worker-FriendlyBusinesses ConductingBusinessaDifferentWay

• VOICESINTHECOMMUNITY:JerryGreenfield

OrganizedandFightingBack

• SOCIOLOGYATWORK:Law

ChapterReview

KeyTerms

StudyQuestions

10. HealthandMedicine

SociologicalPerspectivesonHealth,Illness,andMedicine

FunctionalistPerspective

ConflictPerspective

FeministPerspective

InteractionistPerspective

HealthInequalitiesandProblems

Gender Education

TheCostofHealthCare

• EXPLORINGSOCIALPROBLEMS:HealthCareUtilization

TheUninsuredPopulation

Community,Policy,andSocialAction

HealthCareReform StateReform

• INFOCUS:US HealthInsuranceandHealthCareDeliverySystems FederalReform

Children’sHealthInsuranceProgram

StatePrescriptionDrugPlans

Community-BasedHealthCenters

• TAKINGAWORLDVIEW:Not-So-ForeignModelsofHealthCare

• VOICESINTHECOMMUNITY:VictoriaHale

• SOCIOLOGYATWORK:Medicine

ChapterReview

KeyTerms

StudyQuestions

11. TheMedia

SociologicalPerspectivesontheMedia

FunctionalistPerspective

ConflictPerspective

FeministPerspective

InteractionistPerspective

• TAKINGAWORLDVIEW:InternationalWomen’sMediaFoundation

TheMediaandSocialProblems

LossofPrivacy

TheDigitalHavesandHave-Nots

• INFOCUS:TheBoundary-lessWorkplace

• EXPLORINGSOCIALPROBLEMS:InternetUse

TheDeathoftheNewspaper?

DrivingDistracted

DoYouTrusttheNewsMedia?

Community,Policy,andSocialAction

FederalCommunicationsCommissionandtheTelecommunicationsActof1996

WhoIsWatchingtheMedia?

• VOICESINTHECOMMUNITY:GeenaDavis

MediaLiteracyandDigitalLiteracy

• SOCIOLOGYATWORK:SoftwareDevelopment

ChapterReview

KeyTerms

StudyQuestions

PartIII•OurSocialandPhysicalWorlds

12. AlcoholandDrugAbuse

SociologicalPerspectivesonDrugAbuse

FunctionalistPerspective

ConflictPerspective

FeministPerspective

InteractionistPerspective

WhatIsDrugAbuse?

Alcohol

TobaccoandNicotine

Marijuana

• TAKINGAWORLDVIEW:TheMarijuanaLegalizationMovement

Opioids

TheProblemsofDrugAbuse

DrugUseintheWorkplace

ProblemDrinkingAmongTeensandYoungAdults

PunishmentorTreatment?

Community,Policy,andSocialAction

FederalPrograms

DrugLegalization

• EXPLORING SOCIAL PROBLEMS: Support for the Legalization of Marijuana

DrugTreatmentandPreventionPrograms

• INFOCUS:CollegeDrugPrograms

• VOICESINTHECOMMUNITY:ShiloJama

• SOCIOLOGYATWORK:PublicHealth

ChapterReview

KeyTerms

StudyQuestions

13. CrimeandCriminalJustice

SociologicalPerspectivesonCrime

FunctionalistPerspective

ConflictPerspective

FeministPerspective

InteractionistPerspective

SourcesofCrimeStatistics

TypesofCrime

ViolentCrime

PropertyCrime

JuvenileDelinquency

• EXPLORING SOCIAL PROBLEMS: Intimate Partner and Nonpartner

ViolenceAgainstWomen

White-CollarCrime

TheInequalitiesofCrime OffendersandVictims Offenders Victims

OurCurrentResponsetoCrime

ThePolice

Prisons

TheDeathPenalty

• TAKINGAWORLDVIEW:PolicinginBrazil

Community,Policy,andSocialAction

U.S.DepartmentofJustice

JuvenileJusticeandDelinquencyPreventionPrograms

CommunityResponsestoDisparitiesinPolicing

CommunityApproachestoLaw

• INFOCUS:AssaultWeapons

PrisonAdvocacyandDeathPenaltyReform

• VOICESINTHECOMMUNITY:MaxKenner

• SOCIOLOGYATWORK:ProbationandParoleOfficers

ChapterReview

KeyTerms

StudyQuestions

14. UrbanizationandPopulationGrowth

UrbanSociologyandDemography

TheProcessesofUrbanizationandSuburbanization

PopulationGrowthandComposition

SociologicalPerspectivesonUrbanizationandPopulationGrowth

FunctionalistPerspective

ConflictandFeministPerspectives

• TAKINGAWORLDVIEW:GlobalUrbanizationandPopulationGrowth

InteractionistPerspective

TheConsequencesofUrbanizationandPopulationGrowth

UrbanLivingEnvironment

Homelessness

Gentrification

UrbanSprawlandTransportation

• EXPLORINGSOCIALPROBLEMS:Commuting

• INFOCUS:LivingCarFree

• VOICESINTHECOMMUNITY:MagicJohnson

Community,Policy,andSocialAction

U.S.DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD)

UrbanRevitalizationPrograms

CreatingSustainableCommunities

HousingandHomelessnessPrograms

• SOCIOLOGYATWORK:NonprofitWork

ChapterReview

KeyTerms

StudyQuestions

15 TheEnvironment

EnvironmentalProblemsAreHumanProblems

SociologicalPerspectivesonEnvironmentalProblems

FunctionalistPerspective

ConflictPerspective

FeministPerspective

InteractionistPerspective

SocialProblemsandtheEnvironment

ClimateChange

AirQuality

HazardousWasteSitesandBrownfields

• TAKINGAWORLDVIEW:HomeSweetLandfill

WaterQualityandSupply

• EXPLORINGSOCIALPROBLEMS:WasteandRecycling

LandConservationandWildernessProtection

Community,Policy,andSocialAction

FederalResponses

StateandLocalResponses

EnvironmentalInterestGroups

EnvironmentalJusticeMovement

• INFOCUS:LocalandSustainableFood

• VOICESINTHECOMMUNITY:ChadPregracke

IsYourSchoolGreen?

• SOCIOLOGYATWORK:Research

ChapterReview

KeyTerms

StudyQuestions

16. WarandTerrorism

DefiningConflict

War

U.S.Conflicts

Terrorism

SociologicalPerspectivesonWarandTerrorism

FunctionalistPerspective

ConflictPerspective

FeministPerspective

InteractionistPerspective

• EXPLORINGSOCIALPROBLEMS:U.S.GlobalEngagement

TheProblemsofWarandTerrorism

TheImpactofWarandTerrorism

• INFOCUS:TheHiddenCostsofWar

TheNextThreat

• TAKINGAWORLDVIEW:NorthernIrelandSelf-Rule

Community,Policy,andSocialAction

PoliticalDiplomacy

• VOICESINTHECOMMUNITY:SetsukoThurlow

TheUseofEconomicSanctions

MilitaryResponse

AntiwarandPeaceMovements

• SOCIOLOGYATWORK:WorkingandVolunteeringAbroad

ChapterReview

KeyTerms

StudyQuestions

PartIV•IndividualActionandSocialChange

17. SocialProblemsandSocialAction

UnderstandingSocialMovements

HowDoSocialMovementsBegin?

HowHaveReformMovementsMadeaDifference?

• INFOCUS:StudentActivism

• TAKING A WORLD VIEW: Nongovernmental Organizations as a Source of Change

MakingtheLastConnection

• VOICESINTHECOMMUNITY:CamilaVallejo

• EXPLORINGSOCIALPROBLEMS:WhoIsPoliticallyEngaged?

• SOCIOLOGYATWORK:GraduateStudy

ChapterReview

KeyTerms

StudyQuestions

Glossary References Index

MediaLibrary

SAGECoreConcepts APNewsClips

Chapter1SociologyandtheStudyofSocialProblems

PREMIUMVIDEO

SAGECORECONCEPTS

SAGECoreConcepts11:TheSociologicalImagination

SAGECoreConcepts12:TheSocialConstructionofReality

APNEWSCLIPS

APNewsClips13:MeTooattheGoldenGlobes(TaranaBurke)

Chapter2SocialClass

PREMIUMVIDEO

SAGECORECONCEPTS

SAGECoreConcepts2.1:WhatisSocialClass

APNEWSCLIPS

APNewsClips2.2:TheFeminizationofPoverty

APNewsClips2.3:HomelessinHawaii

Chapter3RaceandEthnicity

PREMIUMVIDEO

SAGECORECONCEPTS

SAGECoreConcepts31:RaceandEthnicity

APNEWSCLIPS

APNewsClips32:FergusonDemonstrations

APNewsClips33:USImmigrationProtest

Chapter4Gender

PREMIUMVIDEO

SAGECORECONCEPTS

SAGECoreConcepts42:GenderandGenderSocialization

SAGECoreConcepts43:AddressingSexualAssaultonCampus

APNEWSCLIPS

APNewsClips41:GenderStereotypes

Chapter5SexualOrientation

PREMIUMVIDEO

APNEWSCLIPS

APNewsClips5.1:Sexuality,Race,andHIV

APNewsClips5.2:LGBTQServiceMembers

APNewsClips53:LGBTQAdoption

Chapter6AgeandAging

PREMIUMVIDEO

APNEWSCLIPS

APNewsClips61:StudentsResideinRetirementHomes

APNewsClips6.2:PresidentObamaHighlightsIssuesFacingAgingAmericans

APNewsClips6.3:AgingSuit

Chapter7Families

PREMIUMVIDEO

SAGECORECONCEPTS

SAGECoreConcepts7.1:DefiningtheFamily

SAGECoreConcepts73:MultigenerationalFamilies

APNEWSCLIPS

APNewsClips72:ElderAbuse

Chapter8Education

PREMIUMVIDEO

SAGECORECONCEPTS

SAGECoreConcepts81:EducationandInequality

APNEWSCLIPS

APNewsClips82:DecliningSchoolConditionsinVenezuela

APNewsClips83:SchoolFundingGaps

Chapter9WorkandtheEconomy

PREMIUMVIDEO

APNEWSCLIPS

APNewsClips9.1:PresidentObamaSpeakingaboutFairPay

APNewsClips92:SupremeCourtCaseAboutWomanWearingHijab

APNewsClips93:PossibleSolutionstoUnderemployment

Chapter10HealthandMedicine

PREMIUMVIDEO

APNEWSCLIPS

APNewsClips10.1:PTSDTherapythroughDance

APNewsClips10.2:WaitingforOrganDonors

APNewsClips103:USHealthcareAnalysis

Chapter11TheMedia PREMIUMVIDEO

SAGECORECONCEPTS

SAGECoreConcepts111:Media,Technology,andSocialMovements

APNEWSCLIPS

APNewsClips112:TheRoleofFacebookinSociety

APNewsClips113:WomeninEgypt’sMedia

Chapter12AlcoholandDrugAbuse PREMIUMVIDEO

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