How to pass the EDAIC
Editedby
Andrey Varvinskiy
ConsultantAnaesthetist,TorbayandSouthDevonNHSFoundation Trust,Devon,UK
Mario Zerafa
ConsultantAnaesthetist,DeputyChairperson,Departmentof Anaesthesia,IntensiveCareandPainMedicine,MaterDeiHospital, Malta
Sue Hill
ConsultantNeuroanaesthetist(retired),SouthamptonGeneral Hospital,Southampton,UK
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2022940780
ISBN 978–0–19–886702–9
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DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198867029.001.0001
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FOREWORD
The history of the European Diploma in Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (EDAIC) begins in 1984 by the European Academy of Anaesthesiology (EAA), where at the time, this exam was known as the European Diploma in Anaesthesiology (EDA).
Originally created for doctors registered in Europe only, the objective of the exam was to establish a multinational, multilingual European postgraduate diploma examination, which would serve as a means of identifying well-trained anaesthesiologists from any European country. The harmonization of standards and free movement of anaesthesiologists in Europe was of great importance and this exam became the necessary key to create consistency in theoretical and clinical knowledge.
On 1 January 2005, the European Diploma in Anaesthesiology (EDA) moved under the umbrella of ESA as a consequence of the amalgamation of the European Academy of Anaesthesiology, the European Society of Anaesthesiologists, and the Confederation of European National Societies of Anaesthesiology. Diplomates are now known as DESAIC (Diplomates of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, previously DEAA).
No longer just for doctors registered in Europe, in 2010, the European Diploma opened to candidates from all over the world because of the adoption of the Glasgow Declaration by the ESA. By
2013 the name was officially changed to European Diploma in Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (EDAIC).
Today, EDAIC is recognized, worldwide, as a high-quality benchmarking tool in anaesthesia and intensive care. As an activity of the ESA, the EDAIC has an educational, non-for-profit purpose. Any profit is either invested in improvements of EDAIC or injected in other educational activities of ESA, which as of 1 October 2020, has become ESAIC (the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care), better reflecting our full community and the theoretical skills found within the exam.
EDAIC is organized in most European countries from Iceland and Portugal in the West to Russia and Armenia in the East, but also in other countries in South America, Northern Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Additionally, it has been officially adopted or recognized in 17 countries in Europe and beyond.
The Society has around 3000 candidates registering for Part I every year, 1200 for Part II and 2000 for the On-Line Assessment (OLA), which was launched as a pilot in 2011 and organized on a yearly basis since 2013. It is an inexpensive but qualitative assessment.
EDAIC Part I (written exam made of 120 multiple-choice questions (MCQs)) and EDAIC Part II (oral exam made of four Structured Oral Examinations, or SOEs) are summative assessments, while the OnLine Assessment (OLA) and In-Training Assessment (ITA) are formative assessments (both made of 120 MCQs). OLA and Part I are organized in 11 languages and Part II is organized in six languages.
One of the most important elements of a successful exam is also to know and to be familiar with the format of the examination procedure. There are different ways to prepare for EDAIC: the Basic and Clinical Sciences Anaesthetic Course (BCSAC), the OLA, the ITA, the Society’s e-learning modules and webinars, and the practice of SOEs and of MCQs that are not in the actual test, but a true reflection of the types of questions to be found on the exam.
This book falls perfectly into the latter category, an area where, based on feedback from previous participants, we found a gap and a need to fill it. It was then decided to provide such a guideline with the highest quality of authors who were previously experienced examiners coming from high positions within the EDAIC structure. Finally, we are proud to say the Society’s Board of Directors fully supports this initiative and are thankful for the excellent work done by the authors. We are confident this book will be advantageous in your preparation for the EDAIC and hope you enjoy it.
Prof.KaiZacharowski,ESAICPresident
[01/01/2020-31/12/2021]
Prof.StefanDeHert,ESAICPastPresident
[01/01/2020-17/03/2021]
23 Image interpretation StephenSciberrasandMarioZerafa
Index
CONTRIBUTORS
Petramay Attard Cortis Anaesthetist, Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MT
Nicolas Brogly Anaesthesiologist, Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Hospital Universitario La Zarzuela, Madrid, ES
Mikhail Dziadzko Consultant, Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Hopital de la Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, FR
Vladislav Firago Head of Anesthesia Department, Consultant Anesthesiologist, Department of Anesthesia, Sheikh Khalifa General Hospital, Umm Al Quwain, AE
Svetlana Galitzine Consultant Anaesthetist, Regional and Orthopaedic Anaesthesia Training Lead, Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
Duncan Lee Hamilton Consultant in Anaesthesia & Acute Pain Medicine, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK; Visiting Professor, School of Medicine, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
Sue Hill Retired Consultant Anaesthetist, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
Krisztina Madach Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, HU
Else-Marie Ringvold Head of Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive care, Critical Emergency Medicine and Pain Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lörenskog, Norway, Assistant Professor, University of South-East Norway, Norway
Altan Sahin Emeritus Prof., Private Practice, Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, TR
Stephen Sciberras Visiting Lecturer, Department of Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MT
Armen Varosyan Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, AM
Andrey Varvinskiy Consultant Anaesthetist, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust, Torquay, UK
Mario Zerafa Consultant Anaesthetist, Deputy Chairperson, Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MT
ABG
AC
ACB
ACE
ACOG
ACS
AD
ADH
AED
AF
AFE
AKI
ALI
AMI
ANP
AP
APACHE
ABBREVIATIONS
Arterial blood gas
Alternating current
Adductor canal block
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Acute coronary syndrome
Autonomic dysreflexia
Anti-diuretic hormone
Automated external defibrillator
Atrial fibrillation
Amniotic fluid embolism
Acute kidney injury
Acute lung injury
Acute myocardial infarction
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Anterior-posterior
Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation
Acute pulmonary embolism
Adjustable pressure limiting
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Acute renal failure
American Society of Anesthesiologists
Aspartate transaminase
Brainstem auditory evoked potentials
BBB
Blood-brain barrier
BCSAC
BIS
BMI
BMR
BNP
BP
BSAC
CBF
CC
CEMACH
CENSA
CF CI
CICO
CIED
CM
CMR
CNB
CNS
CO
COMT
COPD
COSHH
CPB
CPG
CPP
CRP
CRRT
CSF
CT
CTEPH
CVP
DAS
DBS
DCT
Basic and Clinical Sciences Anaesthesia Course
Bispectral Index
Body mass index
Basal metabolic rate
B-type natriuretic peptide
Blood pressure
Basic Sciences Anaesthesia Course
Cerebral blood flow
Closing capacity
Confidential enquiry into Maternal and Child Health
Confederation of European National Societies of
Anaesthesiologists
Cystic fibrosis
Confidence interval
Can’t intubate can’t oxygenate
Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices
Chiari malformations
Cerebral metabolic rate
Central neuraxial blockade
Central nervous system
Cardiac output
Catechol O-methyl transferase
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
Cervical plexus block
Central pattern generator
Cerebral perfusion pressure
C-reactive protein
Continuous renal replacement therapy
Cerebrospinal fluid
Computed tomography
Chronic thromboembolism pulmonary hypertension
Central venous pressure
Difficult Airway Society
Double burst stimulation
Distal convoluted tubule
DESA
DIC
DK
DLT
EAA
EC
ECG
EDAIC
EEC
EJA
ER
ERC
ERS
ESA
ESAIC
ESC
ESICM
ETC
ExC
FAST
FONA
FRC
FRCA
FVC
GA
GABA
GBS
GCS
GFR
GIT
GOLD
GPCR
HELLP
HFA
Diplomate of the European Society of Anaesthesiology
Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
Don’t Know
Double-lumen tube
European Academy of Anaesthesiology
European Community
Electrocardiogram
European Diploma in Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care
European Economic Community
European Journal of Anaesthesiology
Emergency room
European Resuscitation Council
European Respiratory Society
European Society of Anaesthesiology
European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care
European Society of Cardiology
European Society of Intensive Care Medicine
European Trauma Course
Examination Committee
Focused assessment with sonography in trauma
Front of neck access
Functional residual capacity
Fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists
Forced vital capacity
General anaesthesia
Gamma amino butyric acid
Guillain–Barré syndrome
Glasgow Coma Scale
Glomerular filtration rate
Gastro-intestinal tract
Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease
G-protein-coupled receptors
Haemolysis elevated liver enzymes and low platelets
Heart Failure Association
HFV
HME
HPV
HSCT
IABP
ICAROS
ICD
ICF
ICP
ICU
INR
ITU
LBBB
LCCA
LDCT LED
LIA
LMA
LMWH
LV
MCQ
MEP
MI
MIDCAB
MILA
MILS
MRI
MTF
NA
NDMR
High-frequency ventilation
Heat-moisture exchanger
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Intra-aortic balloon pump
International Consensus on Anaesthesia-Related
Outcomes after Surgery
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
Intracellular fluid
Intracranial pressure
Intensive care unit
International normalized ratio
Intensive therapy unit
Local anaesthetic
Left anterior descending
Left bundle branch block
Left circumflex coronary artery
Low dose computerized tomography
Light emitting diodes
Local infiltration analgesia
Laryngeal mask airway
Low molecular weight heparin
Left ventricle
Left ventricular ejection fraction
Minimum alveolar concentration
Mean arterial pressure
Multiple-choice question
Motor evoked potentials
Myocardial infarction
Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass
Metformin-induced lactic acidosis
Manual in line stabilization
Magnetic resonance imaging
Multiple true-false
Neuraxial anaesthesia
Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants
NIV
NMDA
NSAID
NSTEMI
NYHA
ODC
OHSA
OLA
OPCAB
ORIF
PA
PAC
PACU
PAH
PAOP
PAP
PASMC
PCI
PDA
PDPH
PE
PEA
PEEP
PESI
PG
PH
PPI
PRES
PTC
PVR RA RAAS
RASS
RBF
RCA
RCT
Non-invasive ventilation
N-methyl-D-aspartate
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
New York Heart Association
Oxygen dissociation curve
Occupational Health and Safety Act
On-Line Assessment
Off-pump coronary artery bypass
Open reduction and internal fixation
Postero-anterior
Pulmonary artery catheter
Post-anaesthesia care unit
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure
Pulmonary arterial pressure
Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
Percutaneous coronary intervention
Posterior descending coronary artery
Post-dural puncture headache
Pulmonary embolism
Pulseless electrical activity
Positive end-expiratory pressure
Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index
Pressure gradient
Pulmonary hypertension
Proton pump inhibitor
Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome
Post-tetanic count
Pulmonary vascular resistance
Regional anaesthesia
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale
Renal blood flow
Right coronary artery
Randomized controlled trials
RF
RHC
ROSC
RSI
RV
RVLM
RVOT
SBA
SEM
SIADH
SID
SIG
SIMV
SIRS
SMFM
SOE
SOFA
SSRI
STEMI
SVC
SVP
SVR
TAP
TAPSE
TARN
TBG
TBI
TIPSS
TIVA
TOF
TPR
TSH
VAE
VC
VEGF
VF
Radio frequency
Right heart catheterization
Return of spontaneous circulation
Rapid sequence induction
Residual volume (alsoRight ventricular)
Rostral ventrolateral medulla
Right ventricle outflow tract
Single best answer
Standard error of the mean
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
Strong ion difference
Strong ion gap
Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Society of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Structured oral examination
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Superior vena cava
Saturated vapour pressure
Systemic vascular resistance
Transversus abdominis plane
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion
Trauma Audit and Research Network
Thyroxine-binding globulin
Traumatic brain injury
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Total intravenous anaesthesia
Train of four
Total peripheral resistance
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Venous air embolism
Vital capacity
Vascular endothelial growth factor
Ventricular fibrillation
VILI
VSD
VT
WFNS
WPW
Ventilator induced lung injury
Ventricular-septal defect
Ventricular tachycardia
World Federation of Neurological Surgeons
Wolff-Parkinson-White
