2C
SECTION 1 Communication Chapter 1 Hidden Territories Chapter 2 Revealing Territories Chapter 3 Reclaiming Territories
3 4 11 24
SECTION 2 Technical Package
33 34
SECTION 3 Design Development ANDPLAN Magazine
57 58 73
MLA2 EDDIE PUGH 14023593 LA2C2
SECTION 1 COMMUNICATION
HIDDEN TERRITORIES
REVEALING TERRITORIES
RECLAIMING TERRITORIES
This is a journey of the hidden, the revealing, and the reclaiming of Burnleys river. Chapter 1 explores masterplaning the connection between the natural systems that sustain us and the health and resilience of communities.
Chapter 2 follows and reveals the river Brun, flowing and connecting Burnley’s community with its landscape.
Chapter 3 concludes the journey with a proposal for a new Market Square that reclaims the once hidden river Brun.
3
CHAPTER 1
Chapter 2
hidden HIDDEN territories TERRITORIES Hidden [ hid-n ] concealed; obscure; covert: Territory [ ter-i-tawr-ee, -tohr-ee ] land with a specified characteristic
4
The brief was simple: to create an ANDPLAN for the town of Burnley, in response to the government’s Levelling Up scheme – which aims to reduce regional inequality within the UK – and the original MANPLAN – a critical assessment of the built environment published by the Architectural Review in 1969. Nearly 60 years later, the climate crisis is accelerating how crucial the relationship is between architecture and environmental health. This is especially relevant to the field of landscape architecture, which engages directly with land use, its biodiversity, and its value to humans. Despite the MANPLAN suggesting architecture could lead the way to the solution, issues still persist. The journey starts with understanding the existing condition. Landscapes everywhere are shaped by complex, asymmetric power relations at different densities and scales. Burnley is a town that has been shaped by many things, but the dominant forces of capitalism and industrialisation have seen it unwittingly turn its back on the natural capital it holds. The river Brun and Calder confluence should be a cause for celebration within the town. Instead, the waterways are suppressed into channels of anthropogenic production: shipping their contents swiftly and covertly away from the town. However, there is an alternative, one where the river is key to a sustainable and resilient future for Burnley and its citizens. Through this simple idea, the ANDPLAN was born.
5
Burnley’s legacy, and often, hangover, as a town shaped by capitalism, industrialisation and latterly consumerism, has generated issues of exclusion, poverty, and ill-health. The rhetoric of capital investment resulting in a trickledown of economic improvement has failed consistently, too reliant on dominant singular forces of growth. The UK government persists with this ideology of capital investment (i.e. levelling up scheme) to alleviate deeply engrained social and environmental issues. The river Brun offers chance to explore alternative futures for Burnley, underpinned by investment instead in natural capital. Clean air, clean water, and healthy citizens are key to generating sustainable and climate resilient communities. This film explores reimagines Burnley’s levelling up future through ‘visions’ or ‘alternative realities’. It aims to showcase what taking back the economy may look like and how an alternative market based on natural capital could be realised. https://vimeo.com/625585974
6
This is a landscape of geology, geography, ecology and capitalism. This insatiable appetite of capitalism and its consumption of resources means Burnley is now a landscape that strongly reflects those values. It has altered its land use at an unprecedented rate, meaning its history, environmental systems, and natural occurrences are now merely hidden territories and relics of the past. We must dig deep to understand the full context of this landscape, splitting the palimpsest layers to revel those that have been hidden.
7
For Burnley, the dominant issue is that the constructed landscape is an environment of control, built to sustain a particular cultural process (capitalism). Yet, it is this singular well-organized expression and lack of entanglement that makes these landscapes unstable. Complex landscapes are resilient (Bahrami and Farshad, 2020), due to the myriad of responses their chaotic nature can respond with. ‘Most human endeavours, unless checked, evolve into monocultures. Money seeks out a landscapes advantage and promotes it to the exclusion of all else...stripping the earth of diversity’ (Monbiot, 2013). The orignal MANPLAN provided a voice for the 1970s to re-examine - health, welfare, education, housing, communications, industry, religion - and ask itself and its readers what images spring to mind at each signal, and of those that do, which apply to the next decade. The aim being - hardly analysis - but re-definition. If we want to secure a climate safe and healthy community for Burnley’s future we need to radically re-think, re-define, and re-act. It is now we should act. It is now we should take back the land. 8
In order to take back the economy, Burnley must first take back the land. The Manifesto aims to empower a new sense of connection, agency and community in Burnley. Hidden territories are lost and forgotten, but have the ability to acts as regenerators for the community and landscape. The Manifesto set out four rules that would help deliver and structure the project. 1. Remembering the past and imagining the future: Understanding timescale, climate, landscape change and the anthroprocene in Burnley. 2. Hidden Territories: Burnley’s landscape is a palimpsest of layers, entangled and connected, but often forgotten. 3. Shifting Baseline: Accepting the tension and differences between the urban and rural. 4. The lost birthright of our species: We need to explore some of the unexpected paths that can lead us towards regenerating the natural world, and what can be achieved even in the absence of any physical resources. 9
The journey to Burnley’s recovery can be explored through its ecosystems, processes, and natural capital. It is a landscape with rich environmental potential but has seen its land use shaped through the dominant lens of capitalism. Natural assets - often individually an unknowingly, used as a resource and a source of production, now are depleted, scarred, and forgotten. Burnley, in reaction, has developed a typical neo-liberal response to this; commercialism. However, as the High Street Task Force (2021) acknowledge the issue this approach has on the over reliance on retailing. They suggest the town centre function needs to be rebalanced to provide a broader range of alternative functions. In addition to producing an oversupply of shop property, the post-war planning system also produced damaging levels of competition between towns and cities. This process was particularly marked in densely populated regions such as southern Lancashire. As one of the heartlands of the industrial revolution, the region contained both the principal city of Manchester and numerous mid-size manufacturing towns. In the post-war decades, local authorities were well aware of the threat posed by the decline of the local industries and looked to retail development as a means of reinventing their towns and rejuvenating their economies.
Leading planner Max Lock complained in the early 1960s about ‘slap-happy over-provision of shopping floor space. Around the same time, the Guardian warned: ‘As more and more towns in a small area… redevelop their centres and build expensive shopping districts…it is likely that one town’s catchment area of shoppers may begin to overlap with that of another’. Central government agreed with this diagnosis. National studies carried out by the Ministry of Housing and Local Government found that redevelopment in many town centres had increased total retail floor space by ‘as much as 50%, and in one case 200%’. This project therefore brings together two important factors in producing a sustainable community and landscape for Burnley’s future. It does this by acknowledging, developing, and strategically planning for a healthier river system for all of Burnley’s community and the environment. The chosen site in Burnley’s town centre sits on top of the Brun River and at the culmination of the Brun catchment. It is both a geographically and culturally significant site.
10
CHAPTER 2
REVEALING TERRITORIES Reveal [ ri-veel ] to make known; disclose; divulge: to reveal a secret. to lay open to view; display; exhibit. Territory [ ter-i-tawr-ee, -tohr-ee ] land with a specified characteristic
11
“Landscaping is often what you leave out, not what you put in.....You need absolute simplicity to knit the landscape back again.” Sylvia Crowe The removal of retail units may seem radical, but in revealing the River, a new value is instilled into the town centre.
The Market Square has the ability to connect Burnley with the River Brun and it’s natural processes, becoming the gateway into the system. It aims to showcase the elements of the upstream Brun catchment in a refined form to enable the Market Square to be an adaptable, flexible, but crucially, an expressive and evocative place. It is this connection with natural capital, its processes and systems that aims to remove the town centres reliance on consumerism and towards a landscape of local representation, openness, and healthy ecological function. This proposal is therefore an acknowledgement of people and community as actors within the ecosystem, the missing relationship with nature and the need for communities, such as Burnley, to explore landscape value beyond finance and economic growth.
12
CONCEPT SKETCH
Concept Sketch. Inspired by the sublime form, distilled natural elements, and loose sketchwork, of Lawrence Halprin.
13
DESIGN PRECEDENT
Yosemite sketch by Lawrence Halprin. A design showcasing the natural capital and sublime nature of aspect, height, incidence and the ‘reveal’.
Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater provided design inspiration for the pairing of minimal planes, sharp lines, and abundant wild foliage.
14
CONCEPT PRECEDENT
Acting alongside the aesthetic and conceptual approach of Lawrence Halprin, the Market Square draws inspiration from the river Aire naturalisation project in Switzeland by Atelier Descombes Rampini / Superpositions. Similarily to the River Brun, the Aire River flows through valleys historically devoted to farming. From the late 19th century, the river was progressively canalized. In 2001, it was re-defined by Superposistions and it took back the land.
15
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
In a radical attempt to re-define Burnley’s town centre, the once culverted and canalized river is revealed. It’s presence defiantly pushing out parallel contours across the square.
16
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
A model was created to understand levels and proportions within the site.
17
There is direct link between land use and the climate crisis, with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2022) acknowledging that land use can contribute significantly to mitigation of climate change, including through the promotion of sustainable management of forests. As landscape designers, we can encounter the forest as building site, as obstacle, and as resource—territory to be cleared, but also to be preserved, cultivated, tamed, or simulated (Topalovic et al., 2018). This is a chance at gathering a different narrative of forestry in the 21st century and using it as a resource for a more sustainable future.
18
Planting trees on and around riverbanks, or allowing them to grow naturally, can help to improve water quality by blocking the runoff of pollutants into rivers, manage flood risks by slowing the flow of water, boost biodiversity by creating new habitat corridors and make our rivers more climate resilient by providing shade and cooling water temperatures (GOV. CO.UK, 2021). Trees are important components in any water cycle. They act as natural filters and soil stabilizers, providing a valuable buffer against threats such as floods and erosion, while also making the landscape more resilient to the long-term effects of climate change. Agroforestry, the practice to incorporate trees and shrubs in agricultural land use, is therefore a key component in improving local water resources and increasing farmers’ control over and access to freshwater.
[TOP] Proposed strategic expansion of the Brun Valley Forest. [BELOW] Forest gardens and treetop balconies immerse users in nature.
By actively incorporating trees and shrubs when cultivating the land, farmers may also reduce the negative impacts of climate change on the natural environment around them, as agroforestry is a useful tool to restore degraded land and watercourses. All this without causing any harm to downstream water users.
19
Healthy, attractive streams improve communities. They are important resources for migrating fish, birds and other wildlife. 70% of Burnleys population live within 1km of water, yet cruciually, they lack good quality access to this seemingly invisible territory.
20
The river is all about process and connection. You need the people who live with an ecosystem to be part of it (Matteos, 2020). Engaging with a functioning ecosystem within a cultural landscape and within a democratic society should be viewed as an ongoing process. This engagement involves actively studying—and imagining—what landscapes are, and what they can be.
[LEFT] The new design accomodates natural proccesses, allowing ‘wiggle’ space for the river course. [ABOVE] The Brun river cuts through the heart of Burnley, a revealed natural territory.
‘The designation terra firma (firm, not changing; fixed and definite) gives way in favor of the shifting processes coursing through and across the urban field: Terra Fluxus’ (Corner 2006:32), the notion that the landscape can work in balance with the urban environment to create societies that will ‘contribute to the overall health and well-being of the urban population.’ (Corner, 2006:22).
21
The role of the parallel streets is twofold - to allow the river to dictate the space around it, bringing it to the forefront of attention. Secondly it allows for distinct spaces to be generated. Near the market hall each street is kept open, allowing for a flexible use of space and expansion of market stalls. As you move further out from the bustling market, each street becomes more secluded, wild, and natural. It is this natural succession and blending of hard and soft boundaries that draws links to the rivers sinuous and holistic relationship with its landscape. It is all connected, and the seams or streets breaking out from the river echo like contours throughout the market square. The emergence of the forest is a direct comment on the connection with the natural habitat that the river flows through upstream. 22
The sharp juxtaposition of orthogonal, versus wild, spontaneous slowly merges yet always keeps signifiers of the previous states, as a testimony of its natural or cultural dynamics – as a palimpsest of its history. In revealing hidden territories, new territories are claimed. 23
CHAPTER 3
RECLAIMING TERRITORIES Reclaim [ ri-kleym ] to retrieve or recover something previously lost to bring back to a preferable manner of living Territory [ ter-i-tawr-ee, -tohr-ee ] land with a specified characteristic
24
TAKE BACK THE FOREST
25
TAKE BACK THE RIVER 26
TAKE BACK THE MARKET
27
The ANDPLAN recognises the potential the rivers have in Burnley. The film explores natural capital and alternative futures in Burnley. The Manifesto sets out to reclaim the hidden territories. The design aims to reveal the Brun River and connect the natural capital of the landscape with the town. However, the journey is not finished here. Burnley’s community have an opportunity to TAKE BACK THE LAND, to BACK THE FOREST, to BACK THE RIVER, and to BACK THE MARKET. They can reclaim a relationship with the hidden territories, the landscape, and its natural value. A value that has biodiversity, resilience, sustainable futures, economic capital, and people at its heart. It is Burnley who can BACK MARKET SQUARE.
28
Market Square visualisation.
29
Market Square visualisations.
30
Market Square through the seasons.
31
The Market Sqaure is the initiation of a cultural overhaul. A cultural overhaul of taking BACK THE LAND.
32
SECTION 2 TECHNICAL PACKAGE
33
DEMOLITION PLAN
35
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 1:500
36
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 1:200
37
DRAINAGE PLAN
38
ROAD LAYOUT
39
SITE SECTION 1
40
SITE SECTION 2
41
SITE SECTION 3
42
PLANTER AND TREE PIT DETAIL 1
43
PLANTER AND TREE PIT DETAIL 2
44
STEPS SECTION
45
STEPS SECTION AND DETAIL
46
STEPS AND SEATING DETAIL 1
47
STEPS AND SEATING DETAIL 2
48
STEPS AND SEATING DETAIL 2
48
MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
49
MATERIAL SECTION
50
RIVER PLAN AND SECTION
51
PLANTING GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
52
PLANTER TYPOLOGY A
53
PLANTER TYPOLOGY B
54
PLANTING KEY
55
PLANTING SCHEDULE
56
34
Car Park Car Park
River Brun Notes:
122.8m
SM
Phase 1:
120.7m
Phase 2:
Car Park
114.6m
Market Square, BURNLEY
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
110.3m
.0m
Document Date:
22/04/2022
Ramp
Phase 3:
Document Phase: Car Park
Demolition Plan Scale: Brun 1:500
River 110.0m 111.6m ESS
Car Park
Notes:
Complete Building Removal 116.4m
Ground Floor Removal Structure Removal
111.6m
Removed concrete to be crushed and recylced on site into a mixed aggregate ‘terrazzo style’ cement mix for hardscaping (See MATERIAL SPECIFICATION). Steel frames from removed buildings used as supports for new river channel.
Sites for Development Replacement
Eddie Pugh
35
Car Park Car Park
Notes:
River Brun
122.8m
SM
Oppurtunities for replacement development Road Redevelopment (See ROAD LAYOUT )
(each step 250mm drop) [recycled concrete crush base]
Forest Garden
c
Ampitheatre
d
River Brun ‘Canyon’
e
Market Hall
110.0m
g
WEST
EAST
SOUTH
j b
Treetop Immersive Balconies [Concrete pad base cantilever into exisitng structure] [Corten steel barriers]
Restricted Vehicle access to Curzon Street for market deliveries
114.6m
e
b d
Rooftop Garden [2ND PHASE]
i
c
Market Square, BURNLEY
a
[Ground Floor removed allowing for permeable flow in and out if market square]
Walkable links to existing pedestrianised St. James Street
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
[Woodland typology planters]
h
j
NORTH
River Revealing Steps
b
f
120.7m
Profile:
a
110.3m
Car Park
j
Document Date:
22/04/2022 Document Phase:
i
a
Bridge
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
j
f
River
110.0m
Scale:
g
111.6m
Brun
ESS
Car Park
1:500 @A1 Car Park
Notes: River Brun
h
Buildings Planters River Base
116.4m
Hardscape Base Conifer Tree Decidous Tree
111.6m
ark
Steel Bollard Parallel Wall and Line
Eddie Pugh
36
Ste
pD
Planter Typology A see page
B ni
Betula nigra
B pe
Betula pendula
Ld
Larix decidua
Lk
Larix kaempferi
P sy
Pinus sylvestris
S auc
Sorbus aucuparia
1
Gravel Bed see page
2
Steps see page
3
Parallel Walls polished black concrete see page
4
Hardscape recycled resin based Terrazzo style concrete see page
rop
=2
B pe P sy
50
P sy
S auc
P sy
B pe
B ni
mm
1000mm
Ld
4500mm
3000mm S auc
B pe
4
S auc
S auc
B pe
+107.8M
a mm
S auc
Ld 10
S auc
m
0m
00
B ni
00
50
S auc
B pe
S auc
Lk S auc
B pe 10
m
0m
00
B pe
Lk
P sy
Market Hall B pe
m
0m
0 40
m
m 00
40
+110.2M P sy
B pe
mm
00
0 10
1
mm
00
0 10
Ld
Document Date:
22/04/2022 P sy
B ni
Lk
mm
B pe
00
80
B pe
m
0m
0 50
B ni
Balcony +116.2M
m
0m
B pe
50
Notes:
+108M
m
Hardscape Base Conifer Tree
B pe
Ld
M .50
SOUTH
River Base
Decidous Tree
Lk
9 +10
EAST
4
P sy
5M 9.2 +10 00mm 50
WEST
Planters
9M +100mm 500
Existing Building
Buildings
B ni
Balcony +116.2M
5M 8.7 m +10000m 5
+110M NORTH
m
mm
0
River Brun
Step Drop = 500mm
Step Drop = 250mm
0m
50
50
B pe
2
P sy
0m
00
10
M 8.5 +10 0mm 500
m
0m
50
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 1:200 @A1
P sy
0
80
Document Phase:
Scale:
+109.9M m 0m
Market Square, BURNLEY
a
3
B ni
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
2
Notes:
One Syst-way em
Pede Cros strian sing
Steel Bollard
P sy
Balcony +116.2M
Parallel Wall and Line
Eddie Pugh
37
Car Park Car Park
River Brun
122.8m
Bioswales are vegetated, shallow, landscaped depressions designed to capture, treat, and infiltrate stormwater runoff as it moves downstream. They are typically sized to treat the water quality event, also known as the “first flush,” which is the first and often most polluted volume of water resulting from a storm event. Bioswales are the most effective type of green infrastructure facility in slowing runoff velocity and cleansing water while recharging the underlying groundwater table.
110.3m 120.7m NORTH
WEST
110.4m EAST
SOUTH
110.7m
110.4m
110.4m
110.2m 110.3m
114.6m
Market Square, BURNLEY
Channel drains are used to prevent water from pooling on impervious surfaces.The channel drain is installed in the pavement and helps collect the water before it pools. After collecting the water, the channel drain redirects the water flow into a bioswale.
SM
There are 2 main types of drainage systems across the site: CHANNEL DRAINS and BIOSWALES.
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
Notes:
110.2m
(See
m
PLANTER AND TREE PIT DETAIL 1 and PLANTER AND TREE PIT DETAIL 2)
Document Date: Car Park 110.9m
110.1m
109.9m
22/04/2022
110.1m
Document Phase:
109.9m
108m
Drainage Plan 109.9m
Scale:
110m
run
B 1:500 @A1
River
110.0m 111.6m ESS
110m
Car Park
110.2m
Car Park
111.4m
Notes: Bioswale Channel Drain Surface Water Flow
111.3m
Climate: In Burnley, the climate is warm and temperate. Burnley is a city with a significant rainfall. Even in the driest month there is a lot of rain. The climate here is classified as Cfb by the Koppen-Geiger system. The average annual temperature is 8.1 °C | 46.7 °F in Burnley. In111.6m a year, the rainfall is 1228 mm | 48.3 inchs.
116.4m 111.1m
110.5m
Eddie Pugh
38
Notes: Bankfield Road proposal: One-way system from West to East to increase walkability and reduce speed through narrowing and traffic calming.
River B run
2 3
Additional ‘drop off’ zones for motorists Bollard restricted exit from Curzon Street for delivery vehicles serving the market.
Bank
field
Cur Strezeon t
Proposed builidngs on old river Brun course
4
Additional pedestrian crossings
5
Bicycle parking
Road
Existing Building
Existing Building
Market Square, BURNLEY
1
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
110.3m
Document Date:
22/04/2022 Document Phase:
ROAD LAYOUT Scale:
1:100 110.3m 3
Prop
sed
1
2
Bank
field
Build
ings
Notes:
Road
Cur Strezeon t 4
4
One-
way
Syst
em 4
5
Eddie Pugh
39
Market Hall Repurposed Into Flexible Space
View Across Market Square and River Brun
Treetop Immersive Balconies
Cantilever
Scale: 1:100
Scale: 1:100 Market Hall Ground Floor Removed
Permeable Landscape Space Replaces Shops
Steps Reveal the River
Parallel Walls Divide Space Into Market ‘Streets’
Existing Car Park Repurposed
Market Square, BURNLEY
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
Market Hall Clad In Larch From Local Forest of Brun
Document Date:
22/04/2022 Document Phase:
SITE SECTION 1 Scale:
1:500 Market Hall
Forest Garden
Bridge
Treetop Immersive Balconies
Eddie Pugh
40
Treetop Immersive Balconies
2000mm
3000mm
2000mm
Market Square, BURNLEY
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
1000mm
Scale: 1:100 Steps Reveal the River
Document Date:
Existing Car Park Repurposed
22/04/2022 Document Phase:
SITE SECTION 2 Scale:
1:250
Existing Building
Steps Join to Market Square
Existing Car Park Repurposed
River Brun Depth Flood Event 1500m River Brun Depth Winter Period 500-1000m River Brun Depth Summer Period 200-400mm
Eddie Pugh
41
Larch Cladding Market Hall First Floor
Market Hall Ground Floor
800mm
River Brun Depth Flood Event 1500m River Brun Depth Winter Period 500-1000m River Brun Depth Summer Period 200-400mm
Scale: 1:50
Gravel Bed
Concrete Pad Steel Retaining Wall
Market Square, BURNLEY
Existing Concrete Pillar
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
5000mm
Scale: 1:50 500mm
4500mm
1000mm
4500mm
500mm
Forest Garden
Document Date:
22/04/2022 Document Phase:
SITE SECTION 3 Scale:
1:200 Market Hall
Bridge
Open Air Market ‘Streets’
Open Air Market ‘Streets’
Forest Typology
River Brun
Eddie Pugh
42
Market Square, BURNLEY
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY Document Date:
22/04/2022 Document Phase:
PLANTER & TREE PIT DETAIL 1 Scale:
Black Concrete Corten Planter Edging Concrete Foundation
Perforated Drainage Pipe
Soil Mix
1:25
500mm
Crushed Concrete Resin Bound ‘Terrazzo Style’ Base
1000mm
500mm
Crushed Concrete Resin Bound ‘Terrazzo Style’ Base
Black Concrete [Finnish: Polished] Black Concrete [Finnish: Coarse] Corten Planter Edging Concrete Foundation
Geotextile Root Guard Perforated Drainage Pipe
Soil Mix A [Fine] Soil Mix B [Coarse] Gravel Base
Eddie Pugh
43
Channel Drain
Crushed Concrete Resin Bound ‘Terrazzo Style’ Base
TYPE 1
Market Square, BURNLEY
Black Concrete
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
500mm
Document Date: Silver Birch and Larch
22/04/2022 Document Phase:
PLANTER & TREE PIT DETAIL 2 Scale:
1:30
Black Concrete
Fern Channel Drain
Grasses
Crushed Concrete Resin Bound ‘Terrazzo Style’ Base
TYPE 2 Concrete Foundation
Corten Planter Edging
Black Concrete
Soil Mix
Eddie Pugh
44
Crossfall 2%
15mm Crushed Concrete Resin Bound ‘Terrazzo Style’ Base
800mm 2000mm
250mm
500mm 8000mm
4000mm
4000mm
4000mm
4000mm
4000mm
32000mm
Market Square, BURNLEY
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
Corten Steel Edge
Document Date:
22/04/2022 Document Phase:
STEPS SECTION
Black Concrete [Finnish: Coarse] Corten Planter Edging Concrete Foundation
Geotextile Root Guard Perforated Drainage Pipe
Soil Mix A [Fine] Soil Mix B [Coarse]
Scale:
1:200
Gravel Base
Eddie Pugh
Scale: 1:50
45
2000m
Nut and Corten Cap
Larch Corten Steel
Bolt Set into Yorkstone Brick
Seating
Tree Guard
Yorkstone Brick
Tree Planter
Perforated Drainage Pipe
Gravel Base
Scale: 1:25
2000m Nut and Corten Cap
Market Square, BURNLEY
Geotextile Root Guard
Soil Mix B [Coarse]
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
Tree Pit
Soil Mix A [Fine]
1100m
Document Date:
22/04/2022 Larch
Document Phase:
800m
STEPS & SEATING DETAIL 1
450m
Scale:
1:200 Corten Steel
Notes:
500mm 250mm
Scale: 1:25
500mm
Yorkstone Brick ‘Chimney Style Tree Planter
Larch Clad Circle Seat
Concrete Foundation
Corten Edging
Yorkstone Brick
400m
1200m 2000m
Eddie Pugh
46
Tree Chimney becomes island
River depth 1000mm
Market Square, BURNLEY
River depth 500mm
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
Variable water height scenario:
Document Date:
22/04/2022 Document Phase:
Black Concrete [Finnish: Coarse]
STEPS & SEATING DETAIL 2 Scale:
1:25 Gravel Base
Notes:
Corten Bolt Caps
Corten Edging
Concrete Foundation
Larch Clad Tree Seat Yorkstone Brick ‘Chimney Style Tree Planter
Corten Tree Guard
Yorkstone Brick ‘Chimney Style Tree Planter
Larch Clad Tree Seat
Corten Tree Guard
Eddie Pugh
47
Crushed Concrete Resin Bound ‘Terrazzo Style’ Base
Corten Barrier Corten Step Edging
Crushed Concrete Resin Bound ‘Terrazzo Style’ Base
Yorkstone Brick ‘Chimney Style’ Tree Planter and Bench Yorkstone Brick ‘Chimney Style’ Tree Planter
Market Square, BURNLEY
Corten Retaining Wall
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
Corten Steel Edge
Document Date:
22/04/2022 Document Phase:
STEPS & SEATING DETAIL 3 Scale:
1:50 Notes: Yorkstone Brick ‘Chimney Style’ Tree Planter and Bench
Yorkstone Brick ‘Chimney Style’ Tree Planter
Corten Retaining Wall
Corten Barrier
Corten Step Edging
Eddie Pugh
48
meteirals
1
2 Recycled and Crushed Concrete Resin Bound ‘Terrazzo Style’ Base [Finnish: Coarse]
2 3
3
4
Corten Steel [Finnish: Raw]
Market Square, BURNLEY
1
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
Black Concrete [Finnish: Polished]
Document Date:
22/04/2022 Document Phase:
MATERIAL SPECIFICATION 4 Forest of Brun Sourced Larch Timber [Finnish: Water repellent oils and preservative]
5
Scale:
N/A Notes:
5 Locally Sourced Yorkstone Brick [Finnish: Rough untreated Brick with Lime Mortar]
Eddie Pugh
49
Market Square, BURNLEY
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
Material incidence and palette section
Document Date:
22/04/2022 Document Phase:
MATERIAL SECTION Scale:
1:200 Notes:
Recycled and Crushed Concrete Resin Bound ‘Terrazzo Style’ Base [Finnish: Coarse] Corten Steel [Finnish: Raw] Black Concrete [Finnish: Polished] Forest of Brun Sourced Larch Timber [Finnish: Water repellent oils and preservative]
Eddie Pugh
50
5000mm
Geotextile Roles 400mm
Geotextile Matting 200mm
Marginal Aquatic Plants
Gravel 50% and Soil 50% Mix Base
Wooden Peg L: 100mm
Market Square, BURNLEY
1500mm
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
750mm
Document Date:
22/04/2022 Phase 1:
Document Phase:
RIVER PLAN & SECTION Scale:
NOT TO SCALE 1500mm
Phase 2:
Phase 3:
Notes: GEOTEXTILE: Coir Rolls provide immediate soft edge erosion control to river banks, streams, canals, lake edges and ponds. The rolls can be planted with native flora and fauna to help establish wildlife habitats and help to improve site biodiversity.
Eddie Pugh
51
P sy
S auc
P sy
P sy
B pe
B ni
S auc
E YP
S auc
RT
B pe
E NT
S auc
B
B pe S auc
B pe
a
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
PLA
Ld
PLAN
S auc
TER
Ld
TYPE
A
S auc
B ni
Lk
S auc S auc
B pe
B pe
Market Square, BURNLEY
B pe
B ni
Lk
B pe
Document Date: Ld
Lk
P sy
Market Hall
22/04/2022 Document Phase:
B pe
Ld
P sy
B ni
S auc
P sy
B pe
PLANTING GA
B pe B pe
Ld
Scale:
S auc
1:200
B pe
P sy Lk
B pe Ld
B pe B pe
Notes:
B ni
PLANTER TYPE A (see page: )
Ld
B ni B ni
P sy
Ld
PLANTER TYPE B (see page: )
B pe
B pe
2
B ni
P sy
P sy
B pe
B ni
Eddie Pugh
52
PLANTER TYPE A
PLANTER TYPE A
Trees:
Larix decidua
Holcus lanatus Eragrostis curvula Arrhenatherum elatius Alopecurus pratensis
Market Square, BURNLEY
Grass Mix:
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
Betula pendula
Fern:
Osmunda regalis Document Date:
22/04/2022 Document Phase:
Bulb Mix:
Stellaria holostea Ornithogalum umbellatum Hyacinthoides non-scripta Galanthus nivalis
PLANTER TYPOLOGY A Scale:
NOT TO SCALE Groundcover Mix: Vinca minor
Hedera helix Vinca minor Hedera helix Vinca minor
Notes: Fern: Planted in middle of cross as single pot. Groundcover Mix: Planted in groups of 20 (Hedera helix) and 30 (Vinca minor) in 1M2 to allow creaping Grass Mix: Each grass type planted around centre of cross to from clumps of grass mix Bulb Mix: Plant bulbs at approximately 80 for every 1M2 See PLANT KEY
Eddie Pugh
53
PLANTER TYPE B
Trees:
Larix decidua
Fern:
Osmunda regalis
Market Square, BURNLEY
Betula pendula
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
PLANTER TYPE B
Grass Mix:
Holcus lanatus Eragrostis curvula Arrhenatherum elatius Alopecurus pratensis
Bulb Mix:
Stellaria holostea Ornithogalum umbellatum Hyacinthoides non-scripta Galanthus nivalis
Document Date:
22/04/2022 Document Phase:
PLANTER TYPOLOGY B Scale:
NOT TO SCALE Groundcover Mix:
Vinca minor
Hedera helix Vinca minor Hedera helix Vinca minor
Notes: Fern: Planted in middle of cross as single pot. Groundcover Mix: Planted in groups of 20 (Hedera helix) and 30 (Vinca minor) in 1M2 to allow creaping Grass Mix: Each grass type planted around centre of cross to from clumps of grass mix Bulb Mix: Plant bulbs at approximately 80 for every 1M2 See PLANT KEY
Eddie Pugh
54
Osmunda regalis
Holcus lanatus
Betula nigra
B pe
Betula pendula
Ld
Larix decidua
Lk
Larix kaempferi
P sy
Pinus sylvestris
S auc
Sorbus aucuparia
B ni
River Birch
B pe
Silver Birch
Ld
European Larch
Lk
Japanese Larch
P sy
Scots Pine
S auc
Rowan
Arrhenatherum elatius
Eragrostis curvula
Alopecurus pratensis
Vinca minor
Groundcover Mix: Planted in groups of 20 (Hedera helix) and 30 (Vinca minor) in 1M2 to allow creaping
B ni
B pe
P sy
Market Square, BURNLEY
Grass Mix: Each grass type planted around centre of cross to from clumps of grass mix
Trees: Name code denotes tree type.
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
Ferns: Planted in middle of cross as single pot
Document Date:
22/04/2022 Document Phase:
PLANTING KEY Scale:
NOT TO SCALE
Notes: Fern: Planted in middle of cross as single pot.
Bulb Mix: Plant bulbs at approximately 80 for every 1M2
Stellaria holostea Ornithogalum umbellatum Hyacinthoides non-scripta Galanthus nivalis
Groundcover Mix: Planted in groups of 20 (Hedera helix) and 30 (Vinca minor) in 1M2 to allow creaping Grass Mix: Each grass type planted around centre of cross to from clumps of grass mix Bulb Mix: Plant bulbs at approximately 80 for every 1M2
Eddie Pugh
55
Botanical Name
Common Name
Girth/Dia. cm Height cm
Root Zone
Specification
Unit Cost £
10
Betula nigra
River Birch
10-12
300-350
RB
2x; Selected Standard; clear stem minimum 200cm; 4 breaks
56.00
20
Betula pendula
Common Silver Birch
16-18
400-450
RB
3x; Large Feathered
75.00
10
Sorbus aucuparia
Rowan
14-16
400-450
RB
3x; Extra Heavy Standard; clear stem 175-200cm; 5 breaks
46.00
15
Larix decidua
Common Larch
400-450
RB
4x; leader with laterals
0.00
5
Larix kaempferi
Japanese Larch
400-450
RB
4x; leader with laterals
0.00
15
Pinus sylvestris
Scots Pine
450-500
RB
6x; leader with laterals; feathered to 0.00 base
Trees
Conifers
Hedging Mix 364
Alopecurus pratensis
Meadow Foxtail
0.3L
Full pot; Sept to April planting; British native-origin
0.00
364
Arrhenatherum elatius
False Oat Grass
0.3L
Full pot; Sept to April planting; British native-origin
0.00
364
Eragrostis curvula
Drooping Love Grass
1L
Full pot
2.65
364
Galanthus nivalis
Common Snowdrop
Grade 5/6
0.00
364
Hedera helix
Common Ivy
0.5L
Several shoots; 2 breaks
0.75
364
Holcus lanatus
Yorkshire Fog
0.3L
Full pot; Sept to April planting; British native-origin
0.00
364
Hyacinthoides non-scripta
English Bluebell
50cc min.
Plug; established root 2-3 months minimum; Sept to April planting;
0.32
364
Ornithogalum umbellatum
Star-of-Bethlehem
Grade 5/6
0.00
364
Osmunda regalis
Royal Fern
0.5L
Full pot
2.00
Document Phase:
364
Stellaria holostea
Greater Stitchwort
0.3L
Full pot; Sept to April planting; British native-origin
0.00
364
Vinca minor
Lesser Periwinkle
0.5L
Several shoots; 2 breaks
0.85
PLANTING SCHEDULE
360
Alopecurus pratensis
Meadow Foxtail
0.3L
Full pot; Sept to April planting; British native-origin
0.00
360
Arrhenatherum elatius
False Oat Grass
0.3L
Full pot; Sept to April planting; British native-origin
0.00
125
Carex pendula
Pendulous Sedge
50cc min.
Plug; established root 2-3 months minimum; Sept to April planting;
0.32
125
Dryopteris erythrosora
Japanese Rosy Buckler
0.5L
Full pot
2.00
360
Eragrostis curvula
Drooping Love Grass
1L
Full pot
2.65
125
Eriophorum angustifolium
Common Cotton Grass
50cc min.
Plug; established root 2-3 months minimum; Sept to April planting;
0.32
360
Galanthus nivalis
Common Snowdrop
Grade 5/6
0.00
125
Glyceria fluitans
Floating Sweet Grass
50cc min.
Plug; established root 2-3 months minimum; Sept to April planting;
0.32
360
Hedera helix
Common Ivy
0.5L
Several shoots; 2 breaks
0.75
360
Holcus lanatus
Yorkshire Fog
0.3L
Full pot; Sept to April planting; British native-origin
0.00
360
Hyacinthoides non-scripta
English Bluebell
50cc min.
Plug; established root 2-3 months minimum; Sept to April planting;
0.32
360
Ornithogalum umbellatum
Star-of-Bethlehem
Grade 5/6
0.00
360
Osmunda regalis
Royal Fern
0.5L
Full pot
2.00
360
Stellaria holostea
Greater Stitchwort
0.3L
Full pot; Sept to April planting; British native-origin
0.00
360
Vinca minor
Lesser Periwinkle
0.5L
Several shoots; 2 breaks
0.85
Mix
30-40
10-15D
30-40
10-15D
Market Square, BURNLEY
Quantity
MARKET SQUARE BURNLEY
Burnley Town Centre
Document Date:
22/04/2022
Scale:
N/A Notes:
Eddie Pugh
56
SECTION 3 Design Development
57