January 27, 2017 by Duke Chronicle

‘Like living a double life’

Duke comes up just short

Pratt student Jason Ng shares his experiences being the only guy on cheerleading team | Page 3

The No. 14 Blue Devils fell by four points at No. 8 Notre Dame Thursday night | Sports Page 5

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DSG looks to modify alcohol amnesty policy for groups Caroline Brockett The Chronicle At Duke, the term EMS is thrown around a lot—frequently used as a verb when referring to a night of heavy and dangerous drinking. But some students may hesitate to call Duke EMS, or Emergency Medical Services, for a friend if it means repercussions for their selective living group or fraternity. Duke Student Government has been working on revising the alcohol amnesty policy to reduce hesitation when it comes time to call EMS for someone in need. Sophomore Kayla Thompson, vice president for social culture, has been working alongside sophomore Jackson Dellinger, senator for Durham and regional affairs, since the beginning of the academic year to implement changes to the policy, which currently only provides amnesty to the student who requires EMS and the student who calls EMS. “If you’re at a party, you know if you call an EMS for your friend, the entire social group will get in trouble,” Dellinger said. “What we want to do is expand the current amnesty policy, which only covers an individual student or group of students, to a social group at large.” After completing more than 80 hours of interviews with groups such as Panhellenic Council, Interfraternity Council and selective living groups, Dellinger compiled a comprehensive list of implementable suggestions to help improve Duke’s social culture—many of which concern current, longstanding alcohol policies. “If I’m at a party at some fraternity or some

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SLG, and I need to be EMSed pretty badly and someone from that organization calls EMS for me, not only will the individual caller not get in trouble, but the group itself won’t have to go through the formal disciplinary process,” Dellinger said, using a hypothetical situation to explain the new policy. However, Dellinger also pointed out that the amnesty policy is not a “get-out-of-jail-free” card. The group in question may still need

to have a meeting with an advisor to review its own policies. There are caveats to ensure groups are still taking precautions to make their parties safe, such as providing water to attendees, he explained. But if a group shows it is working to make its parties safer, it will fall under the current alcohol amnesty policy and will avoid the formal disciplinary process. “As long as people know what guidelines

they have to meet to be exempt from the formal disciplinary process, then I think it’ll be helpful,” Dellinger said. “That piece of information is critical.” Dellinger noted that the initial alcohol amnesty revision proposals were met with positive responses and virtually no push back from administration or faculty. “We just hope that with this policy, organizations will be more willing to help students who attend their parties, even if they’re not friends with the student, and get them the help that they need with no hesitation,” Thompson said. “We want this to be a very transparent and open thing, and we also want to foster better relationships between these off-campus groups and Student Conduct as a whole.” The Office of Student Conduct Student Advisory Group is responsible for hearing proposed changes to any policies found in the student handbook. They have been helping to workshop the revision ideas to carefully select language and unearth any potential dangers. “We’ve set the guidelines high enough that groups and organizations won’t take advantage of this policy and will only use it for the best interest of students and not for their own best interest,” Thompson said. Thompson also explained that although there might have previously been hard feelings between some social groups and Student Conduct, those involved in implementing this policy change hope to get the message across that Student Conduct is there to protect student groups. Although the policy change has not See ALCOHOL on Page 4

Tenfold boost in green tech needed to reach climate change goals Vir Patel The Chronicle

Chronicle File Photo Researchers in the Nicholas School of the Environment investigated how different adoption rates of green technology could slow down climate change.

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A new study from the Nicholas School of the Environment suggests that the adoption of green technologies needs rapid acceleration in order to meet global climate change goals. Researchers built a mathematical model that incorporated historical data on per-capita carbon dioxide emission rates, the rate of growth in industrial technologies as well as future population growth estimates. Through this framework, the investigators explored how different adoption rates of climatefriendly technologies could potentially slow down global warming, explained Gabriele Manoli, a former postdoctoral associate at the Nicholas School. One of the goals of the study was to

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identify how progress could be made in complying with the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. The agreement outlines a goal of limiting global temperature changes this century to two degrees Celsius. However, the treaty has not been ratified by the United States, and President Donald Trump has previously indicated a desire to pull out of the pact. “Science is telling us that it’s not clear whether we will succeed. We already have green technologies—solar, wind and so on,” Manoli said. “The fact is that having these technologies is not enough for really changing what’s going on. The technology has to be adopted and not just adopted by [individual countries], it has to be adopted globally, and that’s the key point.” See GREEN TECH on Page 4

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Duke researcher works to New projects invigorate save endangered vaquitas Bass Connections program Shagun Vashisth The Chronicle If you have never heard of a “vaquita,” it’s probably because there are fewer than 60 left in the world. The vaquita—a species of porpoise named after the Spanish word for “little cow”—is the most endangered marine mammal on the planet. Andrew Read, director of the Duke Marine Lab and Stephen A. Toth professor of marine biology, will be taking part in newly-announced international efforts to protect the extremely rare animals. As part of the emergency rescue plan, the Mexican government will collaborate with marine mammal experts, including Read, to capture some of the remaining vaquitas and relocate them to temporary sanctuaries, while working to combat the illegal fishing that contributes to the animals’ decline. The U.S. Navy will also deploy its trained dolphins to help track down the shy porpoises. “I’ve been working with the government of Mexico trying to find solutions to the

problems facing the vaquita,” Read said. “Because I have worked on the issue of fisheries interacting with marine mammals, which is the main problem facing the vaquita, when we started talking about potential conservation strategies, I naturally progressed into a role.” Vaquitas have become the world’s most endangered species of cetacean—a group of aquatic mammals that includes whales and dolphins—after the previous most endangered species, China’s baiji dolphin, was declared extinct in 2006. The vaquitas are often caught in nets and killed by poachers who intend to catch and illegally sell the swim bladders of an endangered fish, called the totoaba, which are used in Chinese medicine and cooking. Read will work at the site where the last wild vaquitas remain—the town of San Felipe in the Mexican state of Baja California. He added that he hopes to begin the capture phase of the operation this spring. See VAQUITAS on Page 4

Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Vaquitas are the most endangered marine mammal on the planet. There are fewer than 60 of them left in the world, mostly in Baja California.

Lexi Kadis The Chronicle The new crop of Bass Connections programs seeks to solve problems ranging from household air pollution in Madagascar to the issue of low youth voter turnout in North Carolina. More than 1,300 people—from undergraduates to Ph.D. students—have participated in the program since it began in 2013, according to Sarah Dwyer, director of communications for Bass Connections. For the 2017-18 academic year, there are 45 project teams that students can join. Dwyer noted that several popular projects from 2016-17, such as “Interventions Improving Neurosurgery Patient Outcomes Couresty of Duke Photography in Uganda,” will continue into the next There are 45 Bass Connections projects for the 2017-18 academic year. academic year. “[The patient outcomes project] got a ton of applications last year for just a small member of the Environmental Epidemiology number of spots on the team,” Dwyer said, in Latin America: Leishmania 2015-16 team, noting the popularity and competitiveness of traveled to Peru to investigate the connections the team which works with Duke’s Division of between human and environmental health. “My role in both projects consisted of Global Neurosurgery and Neuroscience. Although existing projects may have helping conduct the field work and gather data competitive application processes, Dwyer over the summer,” he said. Even though their research experiences emphasized the wide variety of new projects that span across many disciplines, including with Bass Connections varied, both students “Visualizing Social Mobility in the Developing expressed their satisfaction with the program. World’ and “Open Source Education Grubbs said that Bass Connections was an “incredible experience,” while Katz noted that Technology” teams. Past participants highlighted their diverse it was one of her “favorite and most valuable” experiences at Duke. experiences with Bass Connections. “Our project continually evolved throughout Senior Sophie Katz, who is part of the “Art, Vision and the Brain” project, has spent the year, reflecting the input that all of us the last two years working in conjunction with contributed,” Grubbs said. “It was refreshing to the Nasher Museum of Art to explore “how be part of a project and be able to shape it, even as an undergraduate.” we look at faces.” Charles Nunn, a professor of evolutionary Her team has developed an exhibition for the Nasher based on their research and is anthropology and global health and leader currently implementing an art program for of this year’s “Cookstoves and Air Pollution in Madagascar” project, said the Bass Connections individuals with autism. “I have been involved in all aspects of the program is valuable because it allows students project, from developing the code for the to be full participants in a diverse team. He described Bass Connections as a unique study to writing the booklet for our exhibition at the Nasher,” Katz said. In contrast, junior Joshua Grubbs, a See BASS on Page 4

Are you thinking about getting a PhD?

THE MELLON MAYS UNDERGRADUATE FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM AT DUKE IS CURRENTLY RECRUITING SOPHOMORES AND A SELECT NUMBER OF JUNIORS WHO ARE PLANNING TO MAJOR IN AND ATTEND A PhD PROGRAM FOLLOWING GRADUATION IN ONE OF THE FOLLOWING DISCIPLINES: Anthropology and Archeology Area/Cultural/Ethnic/Gender Studies Art History Classics Geography and Population Studies English

Film, Cinema and Media Studies (theoretical focus) Musicology and Ethnomusicology Foreign Languages and Literature History Linguistics

Literature Performance Studies (theoretical focus) Philosophy Religion and Theology Sociology Theater (theoretical focus)

The fundamental objective of MMUF is to address, over time, the problem of underrepresentation in the academy at the level of college and university faculties. This goal can be achieved both by increasing the number of students from underrepresented minority groups who pursue PhDs and by supporting the pursuit of PhDs by students who may not come from traditional minority groups but have otherwise demonstrated a commitment to the goals of MMUF. The MMUF program is designed to encourage fellows to enter PhD programs that prepare students for professorial careers; it is not intended to support students who intend to go on to medical school, law school or other professional schools. All students are welcome to apply for MMUF, though applications are particularly encouraged from African-Americans, Latinos and Latinas, Native Americans, and other under-represented minorities. Mellon Mays fellows recruited as sophomores receive two years of support, an annual stipend of $7,500 ($3,900 for the summer and $1,800 each semester), a $750 summer housing allowance, and an annual research travel budget of $600. Those fellows recruited as juniors receive one summer + one academic year of support. Additionally, each senior fellow receives a $400 research budget to cover project-related expenses and a $600 allocation for a GRE prep course. Each mentor receives a yearly award of $800.

For further information and application materials, visit our website: http://undergraduateresearch.duke.edu/urs-programs/mellon-mays-undergraduate-fellowship-program Questions? Contact: Dr. Kerry Haynie, 660-4366 (klhaynie@duke.edu) / Ms. Deborah Wahl, 684-6066 (deborah.wahl@duke.edu) Deadline for receiving applications: Friday, March 10 at 5 p.m.

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Can tying the knot increase Meet Jason Ng, the newest your odds of surviving a stroke? member of Duke Cheerleading Claire Ballentine

Katherine Berko The Chronicle

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Many factors can influence whether you live or die after a stroke, including age, severity of the stroke and quality of care afterwards. Now, thanks to a Duke study, we can add marital status to the list. A study published last month by Matthew Dupre, associate professor in community and family medicine, and Renato Lopes, professor of medicine, investigated how marital status affects stroke survival odds. The results of the study indicated that people who never married and people who had experienced “a marital dissolution” are more likely to die after suffering from a stroke than people who are in stable marriages. “This study adds to a growing body of research that shows how our social relationships can get under our skin and have immediate and lasting consequences for our health,” Dupre said. Dupre and Lopes decided to conduct this study after learning about recent research showing that divorce and widowhood can increase a person’s risk of suffering from a serious health event like a heart attack. In the United States, strokes are one of the leading causes of death and disability, and about 7 million adults alive at the moment have previously had a stroke. Dupre and Lopes studied 2,351 adults who had at least one stroke in the past and had then been released from the hospital. Their results indicated that regardless of whether or not someone is currently happily

The Blue Devils Cheerleading team just got a new addition—junior Jason Ng, the only male on the squad. Despite having to balance his new team, his love for playing the cello and his academic load as a student in the Pratt School of Engineering—he’s trying to get #engicheer trending—Ng said he is loving the experience. The Chronicle’s Claire Ballentine spoke with him about cheering in Cameron Indoor Stadium and gaining 13 new sisters.

Courtesy of Duke Photography Matthew Dupre was one of the leader researchers in the study, which investigated stroke survival odds.

married, a person who has sustained multiple marital losses in the past is 39 percent more likely to die after a stroke. A person is also 71 percent more likely to die from a stroke if they have never been married at all. Subjects who had been divorced or widowed once had similarly heightened rates of death, at 23 and 25 percent increased likelihood. Dupre noted that he and Lopes were surprised to find that remarriage did not appear to reduce the risks of stroke survival See STROKE on Page 4

Distinguished Speaker Series

Tony Scott former Federal CIO The White House Monday, January 30, 2017 5:30 PM - 6:30 PM Geneen Auditorium The Fuqua School of Business The university community is invited to attend.

to live life like a freshman and take advantage of new opportunities. And this ended up being one of the biggest shifts in direction, one of the craziest turns in my Duke journey. TC: Do you have any background in cheerleading? JN: I’ve never done cheerleading before, but I used to do gymnastics in elementary and middle school. In high See CHEERLEADING on Page 4

The Chronicle: Why did you decide to join the cheerleading team? Jason Ng: It actually wasn’t me who initiated that decision, but by word of mouth, one of the cheerleaders learned that I used to tumble. She asked me if I would be interested in joining because the coach was looking to build a co-ed team. It’s been well beyond 10 years since they’ve had a male cheerleader. And I was willing to blaze that path. I didn’t go into it thinking I would be the only male cheerleader, but I’m happy to be the first and hopefully bring that back into the program. I felt like last year was just a continuation of my freshman year, and then at the beginning of my junior Special to The Chronicle year, I was in a new major, I had a new Jason Ng, an engineering student, balances roommate and a lot of things were new, cheerleading with his other activities such as so I thought it was a good mentality playing the cello and giving campus tours.

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STROKE from page 3

GREEN TECH from page 1

from previous marital losses. A lack of children, limited social support and depression may be reasons for the difference, he explained. However, he said that people who may be at increased risk for death by stroke because of their marital status should be proactive in seeking out solutions. “Those who have been divorced or widowed more than once should consider talking to their health care provider about ways to possibly reduce their risks and take steps to improve their prospects of survival,” Dupre said. Despite the study’s results, the researchers did not necessarily recommend that people become or remain married purely to improve stroke survival. They said they hope, however, that health care providers can become better equipped to recognize and tailor treatments for patients who may be particularly susceptible to death after a stroke. “We know from prior studies that the health risks related to widowhood, and particularly divorce, generally diminish over time,” Dupre said.

Climate-friendly innovations often take years to achieve widespread use after their invention, said Marco Marani, professor of ecohydrology and study co-author. He added that these delays are due to political or economic factors, especially when the benefits of a new technology may not be as obvious as those from fossil fuels. “Adopting fossil fuels means very quickly increasing your standard of living, at least immediately or in the immediate future, whereas adopting climate-friendly technologies means improving living conditions down the road in a few years,” Marani said. Technology adoption in the past has faced delays, Manoli said, with large jumps in the carbon emissions rate correlated with advances in the industrial world. For example, he noted that per capita emissions every 60 years tended to jump by about 100 percent due to lags in implementing technology. The team used this concept to develop their prediction models. Rather than determining an exact statistic, Manoli said, the team tested different scenarios to find the optimal rate of adoption for green technology on a global scale. To meet the Paris Agreement’s goals, he said, the current estimated rate of technology adoption will have to increase by a factor of 10. Acknowledging that changes in global temperature are inevitable, he explained that the two degrees target is based on health and agricultural concerns. “[Previous investigators] quantified what the consequences are of having a world which is two degrees warmer compared to a world which is four degrees warmer,” Manoli said. “And they show that if you are above two degrees, you will start having problems with agriculture, or precipitation [patterns] will change drastically.” Although the Paris Agreement was ambitious and a strong step forward, Marani said global policy makers will need to take a more collaborative approach to reduce carbon emissions. “From what I know about the Paris Agreement, there was an agreement that was pretty strong in its objective, but there were few indications about how those objectives could be met,” Marani said. “There’s no clear roadmap toward those goals, and our contribution, I think, kind of sets the constraints for whatever concrete policy agreement can be put in place. It has to be operational in a very short time, in the order of five to 10 years, and in a very aggressive manner.” Manoli and Marani co-authored the study with Gabriel Katul, Theodore S. Coile professor of hydrology and micrometeorology.

VAQUITAS from page 2 Before attempting to capture the porpoises, Read explained that intense preparation is required—including arranging pens to hold the animals in. “The pen will be in the Gulf of California within Mexico, which is incredibly important,” he said. “This is an operation headed and supported by the nation’s government officials and conservationists. We are helping out, but this is largely a Mexican effort to protect Mexican porpoises.” Trainers, veterinarians and marine animal health specialists are part of the recovery team in place if the animals are successfully captured—which will be no small feat, considering they are notoriously elusive animals. “Very little is known about these animals—they were only described by biologists for the first time in 1968,” Read said. “We would like to know more about the vaquita’s basic physiology and behavior that we could use in conservation efforts and improve our strategy and the likelihood of saving the species.” Another challenge associated with efforts to save the endangered animal is fundraising. Because no member of the species has ever been held in captivity before, the success of the efforts is uncertain, and asking donors to step up has been difficult, he explained. “So far everything is very experimental, so we do not yet know if we will be successful in capturing the animals,” Read said. “Even if we do capture the vaquitas, we are not certain how they will respond.”

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CHEERLEADING from page 3

my inhibitions. You’re just getting carried away with the excitement. I’ve never felt more unified with the rest of my peers. It’s school, I wasn’t competitive in gymnastics an electric atmosphere. but I still went to the gymnasium and flipped around. I actually was a lot more involved in other things like music and TC: What’s the coolest skill you can do? academics. I never imagined that I would JN: I can do a roundoff, three be in the athletics scene at Duke in any back handsprings and a back layout. capacity. I’m working on adding some twisting elements. I can do a roundoff, back TC: What is the team dynamic like? handspring and back half, but I want to JN: At first, I was very nervous entering eventually work it up to a full. However, the team as the only male cheerleader, but that will have to be off-court because they were all really warm and welcoming. NCAA and ACCAA do not allow twisting Once I joined I got 13 new sisters, so shout skills on hardwood. out to all of them for being amazing. TC: What are your practices like? JN: We have two team practices a week, one tumbling practice at a gym close to campus, and two workouts on our own time. And then, of course, games and travel. We always practice for an hour or two before the game. TC: How do you balance everything? JN: It’s definitely been crazy. That was the biggest thing weighing on my decision whether to do this or not. Because on one hand, this is a big time commitment, but also reconciling that with how this is kind of a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to cheer for a D1 school and also help me stay in shape. I deliberated for a long time and talked with some of my close friends about whether I should do this or not. I’m not playing cello as much anymore, and I kind of scaled back on tour guiding. It’s definitely going to be hard, and it’s only been a week of practicing with them. We’ll see how the rest of the semester turns out. I feel like I kind of have a double life like Hannah Montana now. After the N.C. State game, I ran from Cameron back to my dorm to grab my cello and go over to Pegram for a chamber music sight-reading party with some of my friends. I’m still trying to balance the different things in my life.

TC: Is there anything else you would like to add? JN: I wasn’t really sure what the response would be like, being the one male cheerleader. But I think it’s good to continuously challenge expectation about what a cheerleader should look like or what a man should or shouldn’t do. I haven’t had any negative criticism yet. It’s been really positive and supportive. People are always like, “That’s so cool that you’re on the cheerleading team now.” So if you’re a male or nonbinary tumbler, come check out our table at the activities fair next year. It’s your skill that will show through, and we really want to sustain this.

ALCOHOL from page 1

happened yet, Dellinger said that he is excited and hopeful about the outcome. He noted that Larry Moneta, vice president for student affairs, and the team of administrators and faculty working on the policy revisions have said the policy will be implemented at the beginning of the next academic year. “I think what DSG has been focusing on this year is making sure that students and groups know that we’re here for them,” Thompson said. “A lot of students have expressed concerns about the social climate TC: Have your friends been supportive on campus. We’re always open to talking to individuals about their concerns and of you? JN: Definitely. There’s this one class, advocate for them.” for example, where I would have to miss the only office hours that were offered from page 2 because of practice. But I would meet up with a friend who went to office hours, and she would always help me out. program that forces students and faculty TC: What’s the atmosphere like in members alike to “step outside [our] comfort zones” and to “take some chances.” Cameron when you’re cheering? JN: It’s absolutely crazy. When I went Senior Kirsten Bonawitz, another past into this, one of my initial hesitations was participant, urged underclassmen to get that I wasn’t sure if I had that outward involved with Bass Connections. cheerleading spirit. But once I’m in “As a whole, I believe Bass Connections is a Cameron and all the Crazies are cheering one-of-a-kind opportunity for Duke students,” and chanting, it really helps me let go of Bonawitz said.

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THE BLUE ZONE

WHO NEEDS TO STEP UP AT WAKE FOREST? sports.chronicleblogs.com

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WOMEN’S BASKETBALL

MEN’S BASKETBALL

Notre Dame too strong inside for Duke Report: K

disciplines players

Andrew Donohue The Chronicle SOUTH BEND, Ind.— In what has been a season of redemption so far for the Blue Devils, one thing had continued to elude them—a road win against a ranked team. After a promising start, the frustrating trends that have led to poor results on the road returned to plague Duke again. The No. 14 Blue Devils fell at No. 8 Notre Dame 62-58 DUKE 58 Thursday night at 62 Purcell Pavilion ND after a late rally came up short. Junior Lexie Brown’s 22 points were not enough to overcome a dominant performance from Fighting Irish All-American Brianna Turner, who scored 25 points and grabbed 12 rebounds to finish with an imposing double-double. Despite holding a 24-17 lead at the end of the first quarter, Duke’s offense went cold, and the Blue Devils allowed 18 offensive rebounds to let Notre Dame pull away late in the game. Although Duke went on a 7-0 run in 50 seconds to cut the deficit to four with 1:31 left, Brown and redshirt junior Rebecca Greenwell missed late 3-pointers to seal the team’s fate. With Turner leading the way, the Fighting Irish grabbed a string of second chances to put together a 6-0 spurt midway through the fourth quarter that proved too much for a rattled Blue Devil squad to come back from.

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Andrew Donohue | The Chronicle Lexie Brown scored 22 points and got her team off to a hot start, but Notre Dame swarmed the All-American late to take the Blue Devils out of their offense.

“Their run was getting three and four offensive rebounds in those possessions. It was hustle play after hustle play. The game was taken at that point where we gave up the o-boards,” Duke head coach Joanne P. McCallie said. “It’s that simple. We played some great defense. We forced bad shots, those shots were misses, I think it was three in a row. We’d like those possessions back.” The Blue Devils (17-4, 5-3 in the

ACC) entered the final frame only trailing by four, but were initially unable to muster a rally as their offense let the team down again in a critical situation. They only scored seven points in the first eight minutes of the fourth quarter, including a drought that lasted more than three minutes. Notre Dame (19-3, 7-1) took advantage See W. BASKETBALL on Page 9

After losing three of their last four games, including a home loss to N.C. State for the first time since 1995, the Blue Devils find themselves at a crossroads before hitting the court Saturday at Wake Forest. According to ESPN’s Jeff Goodman, Duke head coach Mike Krzyzewski held a team meeting Tuesday night and informed players they were kicked out of the locker room and forbidden from wearing team apparel until further notice. Per the report, Duke held a separate players-only meeting following the meeting with Krzyzewksi—who is on the mend from back surgery in early January. The Blue Devils are 2-3 with interim head coach Jeff Capel at the helm and have struggled to find any sense of consistency for much of the season. To make matters worse, every player in Duke’s rotation has dealt with some sort of injury this season and the Blue Devils have yet to jell when on the court together. Duke sits near the bottom half of the ACC standings with its 3-4 record in conference play and will look to turn its season around when it travels to take on Wake Forest Saturday at 3 p.m.

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Reeling Blue Devils travel to face Wake Forest Hank Tucker The Chronicle With its season at a crossroads, Duke will have to right the ship Saturday by doing two things it has not done all season—win on the road and beat a team that scores more than 80 points per game. The No. 17 Blue Devils have been plagued by lackadaisical defense in their current slump No. 17 of three losses in Duke their last four games, vs. allowing at least 78 Wake points in all three Forest defeats, and keeping SATURDAY, 3 p.m. points off the board will LJVM Coliseum not be any easier when Duke visits Wake Forest Saturday at 3 p.m. at Lawrence Joel Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Winston-Salem, N.C. The Demon Deacons average 81.4 points per game, topping what has proven to be a magic number for Blue

Devil opponents this season. Duke is 15-1 against opponents averaging fewer than 80 points per contest—the only loss came at Louisville Jan. 14—but 0-4 against opponents averaging more. In Monday’s ugly 84-82 home loss to N.C. State, the Blue Devils had little trouble offensively for much of the game but could not even outscore the 14th-worst scoring defense in the ACC. Against Wake Forest—the 13th-worst scoring defense in the conference—Duke could find itself in a similar shootout. “We had open shots, we had great shots and we didn’t hit them, and that happens sometimes,” sophomore Luke Kennard said after Monday’s game. “But then when we’re not hitting shots, we need to get stops.” The Blue Devils (15-5, 3-4 in the ACC) have won four straight and 12 of their last 13 against the Demon Deacons, but Wake Forest has been one of the most improved See M. BASKETBALL on Page 8

Izzi Clark | The Chronicle Graduate student Amile Jefferson and the Blue Devils will look to slow down a dangerous Wake Forest offense after allowing 84 points Monday night.

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WOMEN’S TENNIS

Duke never lets up in dual-match rout of Elon Phil Coons The Chronicle After a rough weekend in Las Vegas earlier this month, Duke started the dual match season off on a high note at home Wednesday afternoon. The No. 10 Blue Devils knocked off Elon 7-0 at Sheffield Tennis Center, cruising to two quick doubles victories to seize the doubles point then dominating all ELON 0 six singles matches. DUKE 7 Duke will look to stay hot at the ITA Kickoff Weekend event later this week with national indoors just a few weeks away. “We talked at the beginning about using this match to define what kind of team we are going to be from an energy and an effort standpoint,” Blue Devil head coach Jamie Ashworth said. “I thought there were definitely some first-match nerves but for the fact that it is was our first match, the energy was pretty good. There are little things that we need to do better. Hopefully it is all a springboard to a good weekend.” Duke (1-0) came out hot to start, with the duo of freshman Meible Chi and sophomore Kaitlyn McCarthy prevailing 6-1 against Elon’s Natalia Janowicz and Maria Paraja. After trading games to start, McCarthy and Chi ripped off five straight to prevail in their first match playing together. On the other side of Sheffield, seniors Alyssa Smith and Chalena Scholl beat Olivia

Lucas and Erica Braschi 6-2. Smith and Scholl picked up four straight games to start, before Lucas and Braschi claimed their first of the match. After trading games back and forth to make it 5-2, the pair of Blue Devils claimed the win to finish the contest and clinch the doubles point. “We tried out some new doubles teams today that we started in Las Vegas last weekend,” Ashworth said. “The chemistry within the doubles teams was good. I thought even when we were losing some points, we did a good job at communicating with each other, and trying to build each other up, which is important in the doubles matches.” After Duke easily claimed the first two doubles matches, the third remained unfinished. The pairing of Samantha Harris and Rebecca Smaller was beating Elon’s Kirsten Ward and Susan Zenoni 4-3 when the first team point was decided. The momentum from the doubles matches carried into singles play, with the Blue Devils picking up victories on all six courts. Chi, the freshman star, picked up two straight 6-1 wins to claim the victory against Paraja on Court 3. The 16thranked singles player in the country picked up a commanding lead in her two sets and did not let up. Chi, a Weston, Fla., native moved her record to 16-6 with Wednesday’s result. “I was kind of nervous at the start because I didn’t really know what was going

Photo Courtesy of Duke Athletics Freshman Meible Chi won her singles match convincingly Wednesday to continue a standout freshman campaign.

to happen,” Chi said. “I feel like this match helped me trust in my teammates and they supported me, even at the start of the match. I think it will act as a good lead-up into the rest of the season because today was so positive.” Chi’s quick win at No. 3 singles rallied the rest of her teammates. Scholl, the 34th-ranked singles player in the nation, defeated Elon’s Zenoni 6-2, 6-1 to get the Blue Devils within one point of victory. Scholl jumped out to a 5-0 lead in the first set before Zenoni climbed back to within three. After closing out the first set

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successfully, Scholl jumped out to another 5-0 lead and proceeded to earn her 11th win of the young season. The good day for the Blue Devils ended on a high note with 76th-ranked McCarthy’s 6-2, 6-2 win against Olivia Lucas. In the first set, Lucas and McCarthy went back and forth, with McCarthy going up 3-2 early in the set before rattling off three straight games to claim the set. In the second frame, the Cary, N.C., native jumped out to a 5-0 lead and never relinquished it. See W. TENNIS on Page 9

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FRIDAY, JANUARY 27, 2017 | 7

SWIMMING AND DIVING

Blue Devils eye historic win against Tar Heels Alex Sanfilippo The Chronicle In the last couple of seasons, multiple Duke athletic programs have accomplished historic victories against Tobacco Road rival North Carolina. One team, however, is still waiting to celebrate. And they have been waiting for a long time. The Blue Devils will close out their dual meet portion of the season Saturday at 1 p.m. at Duke Koury Natatorium in vs. Chapel Hill, with the North men looking to erase a Carolina losing streak that dates back to World War II SATURDAY, 1 p.m. Koury Natatorium and both the men and women hoping to win for the first time ever on the road. A win Saturday would be a first at any location against the Tar Heels for the Duke women, who moved up one spot in the rankings to No. 22 despite a tough meet against then-No. 5 Virginia last week. The men enter Saturday’s contest two spots out of the top 25, immediately followed by North Carolina among schools receiving votes. With a men’s team stronger than it has been for decades, Saturday represents a legitimate chance to end a 78year drought. “I shared a story with the team about our first competition against UNC 12 years ago,” Blue Devil head coach Dan Colella said.

Neal Vaidya | The Chronicle The Blue Devil women have never beaten North Carolina but have a good chance to accomplish the feat this weekend.

“Truthfully, it was an embarrassment—not how we performed but just where we stood in the ACC at that point. It’s been 12 years, but we’re at a place in the team’s history that some exciting things could happen on Saturday afternoon.” After moving up four spots to sixth at last season’s ACC championship, the Duke women expected continued improvement with many swimmers returning for the 201617 season. Factor in a talented freshman class and all indications point to a more

competitive meet for the squad than its 179121 defeat last year. On paper, the meet shapes up to be competitive across the board, with no team dominant in any particular stroke. Junior Leah Goldman leads a group of Blue Devil butterfly specialists and individual medley swimmers that have the best opportunity to garner a significant number of points for Duke by landing multiple swimmers in the top six. Distance freestyler Verity Abel, who

competed for the Blue Devils in the 1,650-meter at NCAAs last season, continues to have her hands full in the third consecutive meet in which distance freestyle depth could pose an issue. Although the Cavaliers leaned heavily on one superstar—Olympic gold medalist Leah Smith—the Tar Heels possess multiple swimmers who can push Abel, including senior Liliana Casso and freshman Natalie Ward. Relays will be crucial in determining the outcome for the women’s side. In three of the four relays, both teams have posted top times within two seconds of the other. Essential for amassing points—first place in a relay earns 11 points compared to nine in an individual event—the women’s battle could be decided by the 200-meter freestyle relay, the final event of the afternoon. Multiple divers on both the men’s and women’s side posted season bests against Virginia, in a performance Colella labeled as “incredible.” Platform performances, in particular, improved dramatically, as freshman Nate Hernandez and sophomore Josh Owsiany posted the two best scores for the team this season. Freshman Jaina Gaudette surpassed her previous season best in the platform as well. The youthful men’s diving team faces a formidable threat in North Carolina’s Jack Nyquist. The senior won both diving events last year and has already surpassed those See SWIMMING on Page 9

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Attention All Undergraduate Majors! Study Away at University of Glasgow in Fall 2017 Duke in Glasgow, Scotland Program Students from all majors are welcome to apply. Application Deadline: March 1, 2017 Information Session: Thursday, February 2, 2017 5-6pm, Sanford Building, Room 225 Offered each fall, the program begins with a visit to London, featuring meetings with members of Parliament and visits to key cultural and political institutions. Additionally, students typically travel to other sites of political and historical interest in Scotland. While at Glasgow, students on the program take a specificallydesigned course on British policy and politics (PUBPOL 450AS) and three additional elective courses from the University of Glasgow’s regular offerings. Please join us for this information session with the Program Director, Coordinators, and Duke in Glasgow alums as we share the details about the curriculum, logistics, and more!

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8 | FRIDAY, JANUARY 27, 2017

WOMEN’S BASKETBALL

Gorecki to sit out rest of 2016-17, redshirt Ben Leonard The Chronicle Although the Blue Devils initially expected to add depth in the backcourt about midway through the season, they will have to make do with their current crop of guards as they look to contend for an ACC regular-season title. Haley Gorecki will miss the rest of the season and redshirt, Duke head coach Joanne P. McCallie said Tuesday. As a freshman last year, Gorecki played in 14 games before suffering a hip injury and missing the rest of the 2015-16 season. The 6-foot guard had setback while recovering from the injury last offseason, pushing back her expected return to December 2016, but the Palatine, Ill., native will wait until next year to rejoin her team having already missed 20 games this season. Duke could have used another sharpshooter coming off the bench to complement leading scorers Rebecca Greenwell and Lexie Brown, but the No. 14 Blue Devils have managed so far without Gorecki. After missing the NCAA tournament last season for the first time in 22 years, Duke is 17-3 and 5-2 in the ACC, with four top-20 wins at home already on its resume. In the first NCAA tournament seed projections of the year, the Blue Devils were slotted as a No. 3 seed. They dropped a

crucial game at No. 8 Notre Dame Thursday evening and are currently tied for fifth in the conference standings—two game behind the Fighting Irish and No. 6 Florida State in the loss column. The Seminoles trounced Duke by 24 points earlier this season. Gorecki will have three more years of eligibility left and should once again figure to add depth in the backcourt with the Blue Devils expected to return Brown, Greenwell and sophomore guard Kyra Lambert next season.

Chronicle File Photo Haley Gorecki will miss the remainder of the season and take a redshirt year, head coach Joanne P. McCallie said Tuesday.

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M. BASKETBALL from page 5 teams in the ACC thus far. Third-year head coach Danny Manning’s squad has already exceeded its win total in conference play from last year, when it finished 2-16, and it has scored at least 87 points in three of its last four games. The Demon Deacons (12-8, 3-5)— currently projected to be a No. 10 seed in the NCAA tournament by ESPN bracket expert Joe Lunardi—have had success this year by spreading the floor and launching a barrage of 3-pointers as the type of fast-paced team Duke struggled to contain in losses against Virginia Tech and the Wolfpack. Six of the seven players in Wake Forest’s regular rotation attempt more than 2.5 triples per game, and the same number of them knock down more than a third of their attempts. Redshirt sophomore Keyshawn Woods—playing his first year in WinstonSalem as a transfer from Charlotte—shoots 44.6 percent from beyond the arc to lead the team and 6-foot-10 forward Dinos Mitoglou also makes more than one triple per game, forcing opposing frontcourt players to step out to the perimeter and guard him. But the Demon Deacons are led by sophomore John Collins, their only weapon who plays almost exclusively in the post. The 6-foot-10 forward leads the team with 17.0 points, 9.0 rebounds and 1.6 blocks per game and will present a formidable challenge in the frontcourt for Blue Devil graduate student Amile Jefferson if he can stay out of foul trouble. Jefferson started both games last week in his return from a right-foot bone bruise

he suffered nearly three weeks ago. The Philadelphia native helped Duke shut Miami down in the paint during a secondhalf comeback Saturday, but was not much of a presence in the post Monday against N.C. State. “We’ve got to fight for 40 minutes, and our inability to do that lets teams stay in games,” Jefferson said. “We’re not playing a bad team for the rest of the year. Every team is a good team. Every team is a program team, so if you don’t fight for 40 minutes, you give them chances to beat you.” It has been nearly two years since Jefferson was on the floor for an ACC road win, and he is one of just four Blue Devils playing significant minutes this year who have won on the road in their careers. Now, Duke will try to avoid losing its first four ACC road games for the first time since 1994-95, the last year head coach Mike Krzyzewski was out for an extended period of time due to back trouble. That year, the Blue Devils did not win a road game in conference play all year on their way to a 2-14 ACC record. Comparisons to that lost season, the last time Duke failed to make the NCAA tournament, are becoming far too easy for Blue Devil fans—N.C. State’s win at Cameron Indoor Stadium Monday was its first since 1995, too. But there is still time for Duke to turn its season around. The last time the Blue Devils lost their first three road games before winning, which Duke has a chance to do Saturday, was the 2009-10 campaign. Far from finishing 13-18, that team went on to win ACC and national championships.

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W. BASKETBALL from page 5 of 11 second-half turnovers, with senior point guard Lindsay Allen dishing out 12 assists to allow the Fighting Irish to overcome their early deficit at home. Notre Dame stretched the fourth-quarter lead to 11 with its 6-0 run before Duke’s late rally. More intense defense on Brown—who carried the team’s offense for much of the night and played all 40 minutes—let the Fighting Irish slow down the Blue Devils. Although Greenwell and freshman Leaonna Odom also scored in double figures, Duke’s turnovers prevented the team from stopping the bleeding with timely baskets or free throws. “They did throw a lot of defenders at me. I personally probably went a little too fast at times when I had Lindsay on me,” Brown said. “She did a good job. She was literally under me.” Allen’s aggressive defense came in handy when the home team used another crippling 6-0 run at the end of the third quarter to claim a four-point lead. Turner capped the initial run with one of her six offensive rebounds and a put-back and was a force all game long. With Odom and senior Kendall Cooper in early foul trouble, Turner enjoyed a feast of lobs and layups to keep Notre Dame’s high-octane offense afloat even though the Fighting Irish went 3-of-16 from 3-point range. Notre Dame finished with 36 points in the paint, and the trend of Duke losing when getting outrebounded this season continued. “That might be one of the best games I’ve seen [Turner] play all year. We did not take away her ability to get

to the basket for all those layups or lobs,” McCallie said. “We got in foul trouble, and that was not good…. That definitely affects you, but we’ve got to grow past that.” Even with Turner asserting herself from the start of the game, Duke’s ability to slow down Notre Dame’s other players put the road team in good position for the win. With Brown, who went 4-of-9 from 3-point range, red-hot from the start, the Blue Devils led for the entire first half by only committing four turnovers to keep their opponent out of transition. But once the Fighting Irish started denying the junior All-American touches in the second half, Duke unraveled, with many of its miscues coming on out-of-control drives or seemingly simple passes. Although the Blue Devils prevented every Notre Dame player other than Turner from scoring in double figures, their offense extended their two-year streak without a road win against a ranked opponent. The Fighting Irish have now beaten Duke eight straight times since joining the ACC in 2013. “That’s the game. For both defenses, you have to credit the intensity for the bad shooting. For the turnovers, we’re going to have to look in the mirror on that one,” McCallie said. “I feel like we went very, very fast in the second half. I think that in looking at the film, we’re going to find that out…. We should have been able to handle those situations. I think that’s going to be the thing that makes our stomachs ill when we see those turnovers in the second half.” The Blue Devils will look to get back in the win column Sunday at home against Wake Forest.

FRIDAY, JANUARY 27, 2017 | 9

field in the weekend tournament. “I thought we did a good job of winning first sets pretty quickly, with Meible, Scholl and Kaitlyn. That is always important, winning the doubles point when we come out and getting a couple good first sets and not letting a team we are more talented than get any confidence,” Ashworth said. “That is something we definitely need to take away and especially against William & Mary it has to be one of our priorities, after the doubles, getting some good singles matches in.”

W. TENNIS from page 6 Despite the team competition being decided, the rest of the matches were played to completion. Harris defeated Braschi, 6-3, 6-2, Smith upended Ward 7-5, 6-1 and Smaller defeated Janowicz, 6-4, 7-6. The Blue Devils return to action this weekend against William & Mary as part of the ITA Kickoff Weekend event. The match starts at 2 p.m. at Sheffield, with Tulsa and Northwestern rounding out the four-team

SWIMMING from page 7

In the freestyle events, sophomore Sean Tate has the potential to win the 100-yard freestyle for the men after the scores throughout the course of this season. Tar Heels took both first and second Junior Elissa Dawson and sophomore Maria in the event last year. In the same way Lohman form a dynamic duo for the Tar Abel will compete with a host of North Heel women’s side, and based on season Carolina distance swimmers, junior Matt scores should secure a number of points for Johnson, who won the 1,000-meter event last season, will have to handle three North Carolina. “Energy and excitement has to come talented upperclassmen in Australian right from the start and there has to be that seniors Jorden Merrilees and Eugene Tee determination to perform start to finish,” as well as junior Henry Campbell. With only large and competitive meets Colella said. “We were most proud of how on the horizon, Saturday represents a the team competed [against Virginia] and the energy and enthusiasm throughout. final chance to face a team the Blue Devils The divers were incredible last weekend know well in traditional dual meet action. and it was a great setup for the coming History has the chance to be made for the week.... This team is certainly poised and in two sides at Koury Natatorium should the a position to give them everything they can men win for the first time since 1939 or the women notch their first victory against the handle and then some.” The Blue Devil men pushed the Tar Tar Heels. “Both programs have areas where they Heels last season, losing by a mere 14 points, by dominating in the backstroke are stronger than the other,” Colella said. and breaststroke events. They have “However, I think what’s going to be exiting the ability to do the same thing again. about this weekend—it’s not that anybody Sophomore Max St. George and senior on any particular team is going to dominate. The New New York York Times Syndication Sales Corporation It could go either direction with most events, Peter Kropp return toTimes DukeSyndication in those Sales The Corporation 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10018 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y. think it will go to whoever is hungriest two areas, respectively, but face a much- and I10018 For Information Information Call: Call: 1-800-972-3550 1-800-972-3550 For most prepared to race.” improved NorthFor Carolina contingent. Release Thursday, Januaryand 26,the 2016 For Release Friday, January 27, 2016

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Our dangerous, silent acceptance

T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

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“

arlier this week, members of the Interfraternity Council conferred bids to potential new members, culminating the anxiety-ridden recruitment process and ushering in the infamous pledging period--a prerequisite for initiation into fraternity brotherhood. For first-years and sophomores seeking the approval of their new affiliated groups and for others in the Duke community, it is no secret that for many of the IFC fraternities, pledging is synonymous with hazing of new members. Officially, the IFC leadership, fraternities and other students on campus deny the ubiquity of new-member hazing. Unofficially, however, our community recognizes and tacitly accepts hazing rituals that precede fraternity initiations. Our University’s stance on hazing clearly condemns the practice as “a serious infraction of university regulations” which results in a harmful exercise of power over new members. Although hazing for fraternities may be veiled as voluntary or “not strictly hazing,” the foundation of the toxic practice still remains, and many first-years and sophomores are pressured to abide by certain behaviors to be deemed proper members, or brothers, of their fraternities. Denying the existence of hazing during

fraternity pledging is not productive. It simply stymies any deliberate, tangible movement toward reform for the current system. At Duke, there exists a dangerous mindset that because there are few cases of fraternities being sanctioned or found guilty of hazing, the problem is small-scale. However, insufficient sanctioning speaks most to the incongruity between the rate with which hazing occurs and the rate at which fraternities are punished. The lack of sufficient oversight

Editorial for fraternity pledging practices and the lack of consequences for violating Duke’s stance on hazing only motivates hazing to continue as a general standard for the majority. It may be possible that not all fraternities indulge in hazing. However, even if one fraternity continues this practice, it reflects poorly on the IFC as a whole and indicates that stricter action must be taken to prevent hazing. Simply moving fraternity involvement off campus does not provide a safe community for IFC members or for others. Further, the notion that even sanctions do not always effectively deter this

onlinecomment “Study hard and get on with your lives, rather than trying to figure out how many different categories of ‘victim’ you can peg yourself into.” — “Jimbo,” responding to “Other problems of privilege,” published January 25, 2017

”

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harmful behavior speaks to a bigger problem that IFC should address more actively. Despite the toxic nature of pledging, first-year students, especially, deem it necessary to fit into the somewhat hierarchical social structure at Duke. Pledging is often considered a natural step to brotherhood or a closer bond, yet it serves as no more than a perverted paradigm of friendship, signaling the continued pressure beyond recruitment to satisfy the conditions of membership. Due the underhanded manner in which fraternities treat pledging, new members find the process difficult to escape. The IFC must push its fraternities to hold themselves to higher standards and to adopt safer practices when forging a new pledge class. There should be an end to the continual allowance of this behavior and a breaking of the silence on the matter.For members of the Duke community who vehemently deny their participation or acceptance of fraternity hazing, do not be so quick to distance yourself from the problem and push the blame on those who have been directly sanctioned. Rather, recognize that the responsibility to challenge the perceived normality of hazing as a tradition lies with each and every member of the IFC and those who interact with the community. IFC, make way for reform.

Joy in thought

used to think that the most important ingredient of programming was knowledge of the coding languages involved. Java, Python, C, C++, Ruby on Rails... all different methods for computer scientists to communicate with the vastly complex machines under their care. Going in, it seemed like my hardest job was going to be keeping straight which of the plethora of languages to choose. “Not so, young Padawan,” said the Jedi Masters of Duke Computer Science. As I proceed from Youngling to Jedi Knight (Computer Science 101 to 201), the focus shifts from the learning of a language to the transfer of thought from one mind to another. The coding language of the Padawan, Java, is secondary. Even if a student has no experience, they are expected to hit the ground running and pick it up virtually on their own. It’s as though the Jedi Council wants us to ignore the groundwork and go straight into a full-on Vulcan mind meld. In fact, it seems more and more as

Jack Dolinar

multiply with itself like a cancerous emotional leech. Likewise, your curiosity and enjoyment will shine out until it’s impossible for you not to enjoy yourself, especially with a powerful emotion like gratitude. In fact, gratitude for the deeper aspects of things that you’ve only studied superficially before can by itself be a transformative force in your life. But don’t just change your focus because I say so. Do it because science says so! Being grateful for the things around you positively impacts your health, emotions, social life and productivity. By practicing and training a positive attitude when it comes to the things that often drag you down (be that coursework, lectures or projects), you’ll find yourself becoming a happier person in all ways. Others will want to be around you because you radiate positive energy. You will find that you are more focused and productive as the things that used to irritate and distract you fade away into oblivion. You may even find that you are merging with the Force, and occasionally

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though Computer Science is about an art of communication beyond mere words and commands. When speaking to a computer there is a level of clarity necessary that eclipses inter-human communication. It’s as though you’re trying to convince the most capable mathematician in the world to solve a proof or analyze a set of data but are limited to speaking at the level of a six-year-old. There can be no ambiguity. There can be no error. There is only a step by step progression from input to output. Question leads to solution and if you are able to fully understand a piece of code you are equipped with the mental armaments to solve the same problems as a Macbook Pro with 8 GBs of memory and a 2.7 GHz Intel Core i5 Processor (the laptop on which I am currently typing this piece). All this to say, sometimes the looking beyond the obvious implications of a situation opens up whole new fields of wonderment. Seeing past the bland exterior (“yet another boring assignment/lecture/discussion”) with the goal of teasing out the scintillating details makes everything more enjoyable. You could be in the most difficult or trying of courses, but your attitude can transform anything it touches. Your negativity or boredom will

your form may flicker blue and you’ll see holographic images of Yoda and Anakin Skywalker floating beside you. (Okay…one of those was an exaggeration.) My point is this: the skills we acquire in the course of our studies can be both more abstract and more satisfying than we believe. Everything that we learn can be translated back to a style of thought. Art, history, science, literature. Words and images and numbers are really just human thoughts made concrete. No matter what you are learning, appreciation of the beauty of that thought will enhance your life and make every day more enjoyable. I’ve learned that coding is a lot more than just sitting in front of a computer screen, typing away for hours on end. It is an art of thought, of clarification and simplification, whereby a Jedi (coding) master can transform massive problems into painless solutions with just a wave of his hand and the words “These are not the droids you’re looking for.” Likewise, all areas of study hide opportunities for discovery or problem solving. If not one then certainly the other, and often both. Jack Dolinar is a Trinity sophomore. His column, “more percent efficient,” runs on alternate Fridays.

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Narrative and post-truth

hat a year. America’s election news cycle oscillated between riveting five-star drama rife with side-splitting irony and realizations which induced stomach-churning dismay. But perhaps “oscillate” is not even an appropriate word; 2016 showed us that you could have both at once, as these two elements fused into the ultimate black comedy. 2016 beat fiction, gang. As people everywhere collected their thoughts and reflected on last year, Oxford Dictionary took a noteworthy stab at 2016 by declaring the word of the year “post-truth,” which they define as “relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief.” This definition is a whopper to unravel, but the concept is fully present in our national media conversations through the buzzwords of “fake news” and Kellyanne Conway’s “alternative facts.” And in between the lines there is a part of our culture which we need to consider. In previous articles, I examined the idea of worldview—the fundamental assumptions we each make about the nature of reality.

Addison Merryman

Trump gets some of the facts wrong, because they think he has the narrative right. Why are narratives so compelling? Because they frame the world in a way that is very appealing to our moral sense. They divide the world, through story form, into heroes and villains, victims and oppressors. The theme of this tension is everywhere in the picture Trump paints of America’s situation domestically and of the world theatre--whether the issue involves trade, NATO, the cosmopolitan elite, the political establishment, the mainstream media, the totalitarian PC Left, illegal immigration and the list continues. Trump supporters are ready to go along with all the flaws because he’s fighting the right “bad guys,” in their eyes. Yet the power of narrative (sometimes at the expense of fact and truth) doesn’t only play among Trump’s following. Put the shoe on the other foot. For instance, what about the claim that the Obama Administration has been scandal-free, an attempt to define Obama’s legacy as that of an honest, lovable and virtuous president? This is in light of the “Fast and Furious” scandal, the Benghazi incident and the IRS targeting of conservative

DEEP MAGIC

These assumptions answer questions that are most basically about the nature of God and the nature of man, from which follow implications about morality, purpose, truth and other major concepts which contend for transcendent significance. But in activism and politics, the conversation centers around agenda—the means which coalitions are trying to execute and the goals they seek to accomplish. These include everything from the Democratic party’s national platform to Trump’s 100-day plan to Obama’s efforts to secure his legacy to Duke’s timetable to become carbon neutral by 2024. But neither of these categories comprise how our culture and particularly we—as millennials and Duke students—tend to process society day-by-day. If “worldview” is our philosophical pillar of knowing basic reality and “agenda” is the social imperative by which we live every day, this leaves a wide gap between the two which I think can be best described as “narrative.” This could seem like a superfluous abstraction, but maybe this concept can help explain the phenomena of “post-truth” in our time. Oxford Dictionary’s definition for “posttruth” can be paraphrased as, “Too many Americans don’t care about the plain facts anymore; they just believe whatever they want to believe.” This is undoubtedly a jab at Trump’s campaign, and it correctly assesses that provable falsehoods are not as odious to the public as they have been previously. There have been numerous occasions when Trump has made false or unsubstantiated allegations that his supporters have shrugged off—from the claim that Bush lied about Iraq War intelligence to Obama literally being the founder of ISIS to his recent assertion that he not perhaps, but actually won the popular vote (if it weren’t for the three-to-five million illegal ballots cast). Oxford Dictionary has a valid point that the individual facts seem to matter less to the American public; but what its definition misses is the alternative which Americans on both sides are embracing. For instance, many Trump supporters defend his twitter feed by saying that Trump must be taken “seriously, not literally.” It’s true that this approach becomes necessary because of his tendency to spout word salads. But on the other hand, it lets you read into Trump whatever you want to read into him. You feel what Trump is saying. The individual specifics aren’t of consequence; you buy the narrative. Many Americans who voted for Trump don’t care if

FRIDAY, JANUARY 27, 2017 | 11

Escaping chaos

hroughout the 2016 election cycle, it seemed as though political factions could not even agree on objectively verifiable facts. As a medical student, the tone was reminiscent of another familiar debate where opposing sides disagree on the facts and emotions run high: vaccination. The consternation and debate over vaccines is not novel to the modern era. Cotton Mather, a proponent of smallpox inoculations in colonial Boston, had his house firebombed for his troubles. Recently, a large measles outbreak in California and subsequent legislation strengthening vaccine requirements thrust the topic into the national spotlight again. The reliance on personalized social media feeds for communication and information was cited as a potential contributor to the tenor of election discourse. Feeds are tailored to feature individuals of similar opinions creating echo chambers of consenting opinions and facilitating isolation from opposing views. It is likely that the same reliance

Lauren Groskaufmanis

Those concerned about the safety of vaccines highlight the experiences of children who experience regression in cognition, serious illness or death around the time of vaccination. To some parents, the link could not be clearer, a devastating consequence tied to a concrete event. A medical establishment that argues the outcome is merely a function of correlation repudiates their lived experience as a parent. A medical establishment that assures that vaccines are safe and effective seems to callously disregard the suffering of their child and their family. However, on the other side of the equation are the lived experiences of medical providers and researchers. The insinuation that doctors are unquestioningly regurgitating a script dictated by the pharmaceutical industry at the expense of a child’s health is an affront to those who dedicate years of their lives to the study of learning to heal. The suggestion that doctors have been either duped by corporate interests or

THE PICTURE OF HEALTH

NGO’s, to name just a few. Or how about the slogan, “Hands up, don’t shoot”? The fact that this rallying cry of Black Lives Matter was based on an unsubstantiated allegation (arguably falsehood) didn’t matter to many on the Left because it still embodied their narrative of institutional racism and police violence. As our culture becomes more and more Post-modernistic, I fear that the degree to which narratives shape our social outlook will only increase. G. K. Chesterton articulates this shift as he writes, “A man was meant to be doubtful about himself, but undoubting about the truth: this has been exactly reversed.” In other words, the only thing that is morally certain to us is our own un-transferrable experience--how things make us feel. It follows that instead of being able to arrive at true principles by which we can know good and evil, the only way to obtain the deepest level of moral clarity on an issue is to have been victimized in that way. If you have not personally experienced those actions, words or behaviors to know the rightness or wrongness of them, then you must accept the moral judgment of those who have. This type of moral reasoning is shaky ground on an individual level, and becomes especially dangerous to a society when it becomes manifest at a group level. It causes our society to break down into tribes, each bound by its own sense of grievance. But what if we could check our tribe and our lists of allies and oppressors at the door? What if we could converse about truth, untruth, right and wrong as ideas that are accessible to all of us as human beings? To quote N.T. Wright, who spoke at the Veritas Forum at Duke a few years back, “The line between good and evil does not lie between ‘us’ and ‘them,’ between the West and the rest, between Left and Right, between rich and poor. That fateful line runs down the middle of each of us, every human society, every individual. This is not to say that all humans, and all societies, are equally good or bad; far from it. Merely that we are all infected and that all easy attempts to see the problem in terms of ‘us’ and ‘them’ are fatally flawed.” Narrative is a powerful element—one that allows us to moralize history and ourselves within it, weaving in elements of reality. But if there are principles deeper than events and our own experience, and if competing tribal outlooks on the world isn’t to be our future, we need to seek this Truth. Addison Merryman is a Trinity senior. His column, “deep magic,” runs on alternate Fridays.

on social media also fuels divisions in the vaccine debate. As a medical student, I strongly believe in the efficacy and safety of vaccines. While a vocal minority contend this point, on social media, I have never seen a friend question my views. This may be an organic product of the demographics of my friends or the product of an algorithm. Nevertheless, it seemed time to learn about those who disagree with my position. I reached out to Megan Heimer a mother of five, a law school grad, a naturopath and blogger. Her blog topics cover a variety of topics including parenting, nutrition and vaccines. Megan made the decision not to vaccinate her children and writes extensively about the factors that led her to that decision. While we knew we would disagree on several points, she was game to find time for a conversation. Both Megan and I agree that there are risks and benefits to vaccines; however, we disagree on which is greater. Our disagreement is not due to a deficiency of research on either side. We have read the same papers and the same books. It is abundantly clear when talking with Megan that she is not ignorant or illogical. Rather her logic stems from a fundamentally different context for understanding of the same data. In our two worlds, different organizations are trustworthy and outcomes are evaluated through different historical contexts. Some of the sources that I find most authoritative are the same that Megan finds most questionable. As a law graduate with a background in government she sees information from the CDC and the American Association of Pediatrics as tainted by financial conflicts of interest, while I see them as valuable and trusted sources. In talking with Megan, I asked her why she thought this debate is so deeply emotional. In my experience, few topics in medicine seem to raise the same level of anger, frustration and suspicion. Her answer stated the obvious in an elegant way: because we make it emotional. On both sides of the debate we use an emotional narrative to frame our arguments. Furthermore, the narrative pushed by the opposing side seems to directly invalidate the lived experience of the other.

are knowingly pushing a treatment that harms children seems to malign their intelligence and character. My conversation with Megan confirmed my belief that those on both sides of this debate come to the table with the intention of protecting the health and wellbeing of children. I find it highly unlikely that those who chose not to vaccinate their children are part of some sinister plot to reintroduce deadly childhood diseases. On the other hand, I also find it hard to believe that doctors are party to some sinister plot to put children in danger just to turn a profit. While both sides may have good intentions, each side thinks the other is misguided - and possibly harming children—through their efforts. With such fundamentally opposing positions, what can conversation truly achieve? One study showed that providing corrective information regarding autism dispelled misperceptions but decreased intent to vaccinate amongst those with the least favorable view of vaccines. For those with firmly held beliefs, conversation can cause their beliefs to become more firmly entrenched, not more moderate. During our conversation, I was surprised by the level of vitriol and hate that Megan had experienced in response to her writing. The internet lends anonymity to the most crass impulses and Megan has had to deal with everything from death threats to stalking. She also described aggression, dismissiveness and anger directed at her by healthcare providers. This hardly seems like a winning strategy. While our conversation did not result in a change of opinion, it inspired me to advocate for my position with a renewed commitment to emotional restraint and empathy—to focus on arguing my positions with facts, and not personal insults. Perhaps we should view success, not as aligning others to our position, but maintaining civility while remaining ardent advocates for the causes we hold dear. While it doesn’t seem the style these days, I’m hoping this norm will come back in fashion. Lauren Groskaufmanis is a graduate student in the school of medicine. Her column, “the picture of health,” runs on alternate Fridays.

12 | FRIDAY, JANUARY 27, 2017

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