This assignment is two questions. answer each question in 200 words or This assignment is two questions. Answer each question in 200 words or more. There is no specific format, however must be references. Question 1 After watching the two videos below, discuss the role of higher-level or “cognitive” processes in perception. Then describe a situation in which you initially thought you saw or heard something, but then realized that your initial perception was in error. What was the role of bottom-up and top-down processing in this process of first having an incorrect perception and then realizing what was actually there? Support your belief and use specific examples. You may refer to your assigned Week 1 readings or draw on scholarly online resources. The latter must be academic in nature (e.g., from the APUS online library) and not from pop culture and/or commercial websites. Question 2 Nature VIA Nurture To prepare for this portion of the dialog, the video Epigenetics located at: The argument of Nature vs. Nurture is dead and long since gone with the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003. Science has now demonstrated that each of us is the product of BOTH our genetic makeup AND the environment in which we develop. Our genes, in turn, have been shaped over time by the process of evolution. After viewing the video, define “epigenetic” and “epitasis”, and give a unique example of each. Then discuss how nature, nurture and evolution affect the development of an individual and how researchers determine the relative influence of heredity and environment. (For the purpose of this discussion students are asked to stay away from the philosophical arguments of religion and evolution and instead focus on the bio-physiological material contained within the text.)
Paper For Above instruction Understanding the Role of Cognitive Processes in Perception Perception is not solely dictated by the sensory input we receive but is significantly influenced by higher-level cognitive processes. These processes, including memory, expectations, prior knowledge, and context, help interpret sensory information and shape our conscious experience of the world. Top-down processing involves applying existing knowledge to interpret sensory input, guiding perception based on what we expect to see or hear. Conversely, bottom-up processing starts with raw sensory data and builds up perceptual understanding without preconceived notions. An illustrative example is the phenomenon of visual illusions. For instance, in the famous “Müller-Lyer illusion,” lines of equal length appear different because of manipulated arrowheads, prompting viewers to interpret the lines as unequal based on prior experience and expectations. Personally, I once heard a song