Theoriescontent And Processcontent Theories Deal With What M

Theoriescontent And Processcontent Theories Deal With What Motivates Theories content and process content Theories deal with “what” motivates people and it is concerned with individual needs and goals. • Maslow, Alderfer, Herzberg and McCelland studied motivation from a “content” perspective. Process Theories deal with the “process” of motivation and is concerned with “how” motivation occurs. • Vroom, Porter & Lawler, Adams and Locke studied motivation from a “process” perspective. Traditional Motivation Theories Maslow, Alderfer, Herzberg, McClelland Hierarchy of needs is the most well known theory of motivation. It emphasizes in human being’s five needs: • Physiological • Safety • Social • Esteem • Self-Actualization ERG Theory Clayton Alderfer simplified Maslow’s theory by categorizing hierarchy of needs into three categories: • Existence Needs (1 & 2) • Relatedness Needs (3) • Growth Needs (4 & 5) Two-Factor Theory Also called motivation-hygiene theory. Intrinsic Factors – seem to be related to job satisfaction • Advancement • Recognition • Responsibility • Achievement Extrinsic Factors – • Supervision • Pay • Company Policies • Working conditions Note: The opposite of satisfaction is not dissatisfaction. Theory of Needs This theory focuses in three needs: • Achievement • Power • Affiliation High achievers perform best when they perceive their probability of success as 50-50. They like to set goals that require stretching themselves a little. Traditional Motivation Theories McGregor’s Theory X and Y Manager’s view of the nature of human beings is based on certain grouping of assumptions, and the person tends to mold the behavior toward employees according to those assumptions. Theory X – Negative • Dislike work • Need cohersion • Need Control • Threatened with punishment