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Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2016 = 6.17, www.srjis.com UGC Approved Sr. No.45269, JULY-AUG 2017, VOL- 4/35

GENERATIONAL GAP AND FAMILY VALUES: A STUDY OF GORAKHPUR AND BHOPAL CITY Amit Kumar Tripathi Department of Psychology, Mahatma Gandhi Antarrastriya Hindi Vishwavidyalay, Wardha (Maharastra)

The study examined the generational gap and family values: a study of Gorakhpur and Bhopal city (N=120). Children, parents and grandparents participated in the study from different ecological settings (Rural and Urban). Results revealed that the main effect of different city were significant on positive interaction and manners. Similarly, the main effects of generation were significant on social order, manners and helping. However, the interaction effects (city x ecology) were significant for all dimensions of family values (positive interaction, social order, manners and helping). In the same line, the interaction effects (city x generation, ecology x generation) was significant on positive interaction, social order, manners and helping. Overall pattern of the results joint family of Bhopal city were more oriented to aspects of family values such as: positive interaction and manners as compared to Gorakhpur city. Keywords: Family Values, City, Ecological setting and Generation gap

Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com Family values are the basic element of every family. In Indian family values are very important and compulsory for every member of family to accept it and also take family values in their lines. Family values are strongly situated in Indian Families; relations, respect, what to do and what do not, right-wrong etc. The things which are tech by the elders it‟s nice and necessary also but today the meaning and structure of family values are changing as time passes away in urban and rural areas family values are different now. Urban area‟s families accept family values no dough, but it is not too necessary in urban area. Family values are joints with family member thinking, if children, parents, grandparents thinks a family value important so it is acceptable but as the time passes it is possible that one day in urban area family values become secondary and what the family member thinks it become primary. But in present time family values are mostly affected by the foreign culture. It‟s seems very deeply effect on Indian urban families of foreign culture not only the living, dressing, talking style but also on thinking. In rural area‟s family values are still situated very firmly. It is first priority for every rural area family. Family values are important for everyone to accept and follow it rural area Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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is not choice it is important there. It is the big difference in the rural and urban area‟s family values. Children, parents and grandparent thinking for family values of both areas are different. This difference of thinking includes different new verities and elements of thinking and values in family values and it is good thing. (Tripathi, A. K. 2012) We can say that family values are Important for both areas but the thinking, development makes changes and specialization in family values. By this new and modern society‟s family values are creating, these are called „CHANGES EFFECT‟. Changes are not bad, it a good things, it is also said that chaining is the rule of the world; this thought is also for our family values. Values can be re-defined as certain attitudes and beliefs that a person follows in his conduct, those standards as per which and individual dodges his own actions whether he is right or wrong can be called as values. Values system comprises of all those belief and viewpoint that the parents pass on their next generation, they further pass it on to their spring and so, the legacy goes on. Now let us come to the „Indian family value system‟, what is it and how does it influence individuals. In the Indian culture, there are certain rules and regulation that each and every child is taught right from his childhood (Sherman, Jennifer, 2006) Values development of children and young people has always been a matter which has provided comment and concern. The reason behind such concerns is that, young people are living in a society full of paradoxes and contradiction, which is different from the society in which their parents and grandparents lived. Examples of Indian family values are- A young person should always touch the feet of his elders he should never speak in a high or rude tone to. Those who are older to him he should always give respect to elders and refer to then “AAP” he should not consume alcohol and tobacco or smoke cigarettes. He should respect woman he should always speak truth and try to engage in nonviolent behavior and so on. Most of the values that the parents impart to their children in India, as a part of the family values system, are similar in nature. The human species may be the most powerful species in the earth but it is also true that human species is also the weakest species. A human child does not learn to even walk for year; if the child of the man is allowed to survive of its own it just cannot survive. The support of family is must for the growth of every human child. It is for his reason the human Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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species over the year has invented the concept of family that lives like one unit and support a new born child till its becomes strong enough to support itself. The concept of family has given rise to the family values, where a family is considered to be the basic unit of the society instead of the individual. The family has right and power to control the other member of the family in a family setup. The member of the family divided their work in a way that all members perform complimentary functions rather than performing some functions. The entire system of the family values is maintained by tradition and trust. According to Tripathi, A. K. (2014) Positive Interaction is a way to define how a family member interacts with other in a positive way or a negative way. It induces helpful nature for each other responsible, forgiveness, donation, kindness, love, affection behavior, nice and polite nature etc. These form of positive interaction show the family values and its importance in different families. Social Order is the way to describe the condition of family and family member lives with their family values according to the social atmosphere or condition. It also describes how social they are and their values. Its include pleasure, fullness to other, honesty, respect for elders, obligation, accommodation prestige, honesty, cordiality etc. Manners are the most important part of family values in family setup. Manners Decides family value condition. It includes trust on others, peaceful to others, respect, confidence, keep patience, etc. Helping nature is an element of values which made strong among family members. Helping others is the way to interacts with both the family members and social conditions. Helping behaviors are just like leading role etc. The family structure of India society is by no means static or uniform, individual families change. As new member are added to the family as member die as the social and economic positions of the family Change the family itself changes (Augustine, 1982). Research Question What is the pattern of family values in relation to different cities, ecological setting and generational gap? Hypotheses The grandparent, parent and children coming from diverse background shall differ in the aspects of family values. Copyright ÂŠ 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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Method Sample The sample consisted of 120 joint families from different types of generations (grandparent, parent and child) are living together. The age range of children was between 12 to 16 years. Equal number of participants (n=60) living in urban and rural areas were selected in Gorakhpur and Bhopal city and nearby locality. Table 1 Sample Two City

1 2 Ecological Setting 1 2 Generational Gap 1 2 3

Value Label Gorakhpur Bhopal Rural Urban Grand Parent Parent Children

N 60 60 60 60 40 40 40

Tool The family values scale developed by the researcher for this study the subjects have asked to express his/her preference for the family values on a five-point scale ranging from “least preferred” (1) to “most preferred” (5) during the cause of study was used in the study. The scale included 25 items. Procedure Researcher contacted grandparents, parents, and children from joint families living in rural and urban areas located two cities like Gorakhpur (UP) and Bhopal (MP). The researcher individually contacted the participants and after getting their consent, they were explained about the purpose of the study. RESULT AND DISCUSSION The mean scores on the four dimensions of family values by different two cities (Gorakhpur and Bhopal), ecological setting and generation type are shown in Table 1. A close perusal of the mean scores across various groups revealed that the obtained scores have appreciable degree of variation in the responses. The scores on the four dimensions of aspects of family values were subjected to separate 2X2X3 factorial between group ANOVAs. Table 2 makes it clear that the main effect of different city were significant for positive interaction, F (1, 108) = 10.10, p<0.01, and manners, F (1, 108) = 05.72, p<0.01. Table 3 indicates that positive interaction and Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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manners were greater in Bhopal city (M=37.63) and (M=15.80) than Gorakhpur city (M=35.75) and (M=15.07). Similarly, the main effect of generation were significant for social order, F (2, 108) = 08.04, p<0.01; Manners F (2, 108) = 08.81, p<0.01 and Helping F (2, 108) = 08.68, p<0.01. Table 3 indicates that aspect of family values such as: Social order, Manners and Helping were more positive response in parents (M=35.00), (M=16.20) and (M=16.42) as compared to grandparents (M=33.80), (M=15.48), (M=15.02) and child (M=32.15), (M=15.10), (M=14.62). Table 1 Mean Scores on the measure of Aspects of Family Values reported by grandparents, parents and child from joint family in relation to different cities, ecological setting and generation type. Aspe cts of Fam ily Valu es

Different Cities

36.3 0 (3.6 8) 32.8 0 (3.8 8) 15.5 0 (1.3 5) 15.2 0 (1.8 1)

Gorakhpur

Bhopal

Rural GP (n= 10)

Urban Pare nts (n=1 0) 33.6 0 (1.35 ) 34.7 0 (1.34 ) 15.2 0 (1.48 ) 15.6 0 (1.27 )

Chil d (n= 10) 30.7 0 (1.1 7) 28.7 0 2.54 11.0 0 (1.7 6) 13.7 0 (1.2 5)

GP (n= 10) 37.9 0 (1.2 0) 36.7 0 (1.4 9) 15.6 0 (1.7 8) 14.0 0 (1.2 4)

Rural Pare nts (n=1 0) 38.9 0 (1.79 ) 35.9 0 (2.13 ) 17.6 0 (.97) 17.6 0 (1.08 )

Chil d (n= 10) 37.1 0 (1.4 5) 31.7 0 (1.9 5) 15.5 0 (1.1 8) 15.3 0 (1.3 4)

GP (n= 10) 38.8 0 (4.5 4) 33.7 0 (3.4 7) 16.3 0 (1.5 7) 16.6 0 (1.7 1)

Urban Pare nts (n=1 0) 38.1 0 (.3.3 8) 35.2 0 (2.66 ) 17.1 0 (1.45 ) 16.9 0 (1.45 )

Chil d (n= 10) 41.2 0 (2.3 9) 35.5 0 (3.0 9) 16.5 0 (2.5 1) 15.4 0 (2.1 7)

GP (n= 10) 36.4 0 (4.5 3) 32.0 0 (5.0 8) 14.5 0 (1.4 4) 14.3 0 (2.0 0)

Pare nts (n=1 0) 34.3 0 (3.53 ) 34.2 0 (3.26 ) 14.9 0 (1.20 ) 15.6 0 (1.35 )

Chil d (n= 10) 37.0 0 (5.5 2) 32.7 0 (4.8 3) 15.5 0 (2.6 4) 16.0 0 (2.7 9)

Note: GP = Grandparent, PI= Positive Interaction, So=Social Order, M= Manners, H= Helping SDs are in participants

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Table 2 Summaries of 2 X 2 X 3 factorial ANOVAs performed on the Dimensions of Family Values measure Grandparents, Parents and Child in Joint Family. Aspects of Family Values Source of Variance Df City (A)

Ecology (B) 1 Generation 2 (C) AXB 1 AXC

BXC AXBXC Within

2 2 10 8

Positive Interaction

Social Order

Manners

Helping

MS 106.4 1 7.01 13.76

F 10.10* * .67 1.31

MS 6.53

F .64

MS 16.13

F 5.72**

MS 9.63

F 3.37

5.63 81.90

.55 8.04**

3.33 24.86

1.18 8.81**

.30 24.81

.11 8.68**

468.0 8 83.26

44.43* * 7.90**

154.1 3 92.63

15.12* * 9.09**

120.0 0 30.66

24.30

8.50**

6.61

2.31

6.16 29.23 10.54

.58 2.84

3.33 10.23 10.19

.33 1.00

17.31 8.78 2.82

42.52* * 10.86* * 6.13** 3.11

21.83 4.23 2.86

7.63** 1.48

Note: *p<0.01 Table 3 Mean scores the Dimensions of the Measure of Family environment by different cities, ecological setting and generation type Aspects Family Values

of City Gorakhp ur (n=60)

Ecology Rural Urban (n=60 (n=60) )

Generation Grand Parent Parent (n=40) (n=40)

Child (n=40)

36.45

36.93

37.35

36.22

36.50

Positive Interaction Social Order

35.75

Bhopa l (n=60 ) 37.63

33.42

33.88

33.43

33.87

33.80

35.00

32.15

Manners

15.07

15.80

15.27

15.60

15.48

16.20

14.62

Helping

15.23

15.80

15.47

15.02

16.42

15.10

The interaction effect (city x ecology) was significant for all dimensions of family values (positive interaction, social order, manners and helping). Figure 1, 2, 3 and 4 indicates that Gorakhpur urban setting participants showed positive interaction, social order and helping more salient as compared to rural participants. However, rural setting participants showed manners more salient as compared to urban contexts. Bhopal rural setting participants showed positive interaction, social order, manners and helping more salient as compared to urban contexts. Copyright ÂŠ 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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Figure 1: Mean scores on the value Figure 2: Mean scores on the value domains of positive interaction as a domains of social order as a function function of the interaction of different of the interaction of different city X city X ecology

ecology

Figure 3: Mean scores on the value Figure 4: Mean scores on the value domains of manners as a function of the domains of helping as a function of interaction of different city X ecology

the interaction of different city X ecology

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The interaction effect (city x generation) was significant on positive interaction, social order and manners. Gorakhpur grandparent positive interaction more salient as compared to parents and children participants. However, Bhopal children were more salient as compared to grandparents and parents participants. Gorakhpur parents were aware to social order as compared to grandparents and children. However, Bhopal parents as compared to children and grandparents showed salient social order. Gorakhpur parents displayed manners more salient as compared to grandparents and children participants. However, Bhopal parents and children indicated manners more salient as compared to grandparents. (Figure 5, 6 and 7)

Fig. 5: Mean scores on the value Fig. 6: Mean scores on the value domains of positive interaction as a domains of social order as a function

the

interaction

different city X generation

of function of the interaction of different city X generation

Fig. 7: Mean scores on the value domains of manners as a function of the interaction of different city X generation

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The interaction effects (ecology x generation) was significant on manners and helping. Gorakhpur rural setting grandparent indicated manners more salient as compared to parents and children participants living in urban (parents, grandparent and child) contexts. However, Figure 8 and 9 showed that Bhopal rural setting parent showed manners more salient as compared to children and grandparents participants living in urban (child, parents and grandparent) contexts. Gorakhpur rural setting parents were of more helping nature as compared to grandparents and children. However, in the urban perspective parents more helping nature as compared to children and grandparents. Bhopal rural setting parents indicated more helping nature as compared to grandparents and children. However, in the urban perspective children were more helping nature as compared to parents and grandparents.

Figure 8: Mean scores on the value Figure 9: Mean scores on the value domains of manners as a function of the domains of helping as a function of the interaction

different

ecology

generation

X interaction of different ecology X generation

Family values are the most important element of Indian culture. These values are merit of every family values are affected by the urban culture modernity self-thinking values (Chaudhary, M. & Kaur, P. 1997). Values of the Indians are anchored the

transcendental Aspect

human

existence

has

rendered

respect

in for

individuals, cooperation and Trust, purification of mind, top quality product and Copyright ÂŠ 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Amit Kumar Tripathi (Pg. 6537-6546)

service, work

is worship, ethical Moral

boundaries,

self-discipline

and

6546

restrained,

need to give as well as renunciation And detachment as some of values salient to Indian

socio-culture

ethos it has been Suggested

that Indian values

can

understood only by thorough religion-philosophical Repertoire of knowledge. Tripathi, A. K. (2014) Manners are highly important in respective of Indian culture. But with the change of time manner related to family values are also changed. As in rural area people are giving more importance to family values so they are well mannered also. We can see this in their way of talking and interaction with other people. But in urban area people are not that much influence by family values, in respective to this they are not that much mannered. The overall pattern of result show that joint family of Bhopal city were more oriented to aspects of family values such as: positive interaction and manners as compared to Gorakhpur city. Sherman (2006) and Agrawal (2007) have maintained that there is difference between the Way rural and urban family develops and maintain values “love and care”

affection Interaction and helping behavior are same the prominent

values, responsible for maintaining The bonds of relationships in rural families. REFERENCES Agrawala, V. (2007). Analytic View: Joint Family and Nuclear Family in India. Downloaded on 24/08/2007 from http://www.technocreate.bloggers.com/2007/11/ analytic-view-joint-familyand-nuclear.html. Augustine, J. S. (1982). The Indian family in transition. New Delhi: Vikas Publication House. Chekki, D.A. (1996). Family values and family change. Journal of comparative family studies. 27(2), 409 – 414. Chaudhary, M. & Kaur, P. (1997). Impact of home environment on moral values of children. Praachi Journal of Psycho-cultural Dimensions, 9 (1), 39-43. Sherman, J. (2006). Family values, rural poverty and the moral boundaries of tradition. Paper Presented at the annual veering of the American sociological association montreal convention cancer, Montreal, Quebec, Canada online <pdf> 2009-05-25 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p97508-index,html. Tripathi, A. K. (2012). Value preference: Type of family and Ecological contexts. In Ojha. S, and Pandey, S, (Eds). Positive psychology: Emerging issues ISSB NO. 978-81-8329-4373-7, New Delhi: Shree publisher Tripathi, A. K. (2014). Intergenerational Differences in the Preferences for Family values: An Indian Perspective, Journal of Human Values (Sage), Vol. 20, No. 1, 19-31.